Acardiac stimulant is adrug which acts as a stimulant of theheart – e.g., viapositive chronotropic action (increasedheart rate) and/orinotropic action (increasedmyocardial contractility). They increasecardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart over time).

• β₁-Adrenergic receptor agonists likeepinephrine,norepinephrine,dopamine,dobutamine,denopamine,isoproterenol, andxamoterol^[1][2]
• Adrenergic agents indirectly activatingβ₁-adrenergic receptors^[3]
  • Norepinephrineprodrugs likedroxidopa
  • Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors likeatomoxetine,reboxetine,desipramine,nortriptyline,bupropion,milnacipran,methylphenidate, andcocaine^[3]
  • Norepinephrine releasing agents likeamphetamine,methamphetamine,ephedrine,pseudoephedrine,phenylpropanolamine, andmephentermine^[3]
• α₁-Adrenergic receptor antagonists likephentolamine,prazosin,terazosin, anddoxazosin^[3]
• α₂-Adrenergic receptor antagonists likephentolamine,yohimbine, andatipamezole^[3]
• Antimuscarinicanticholinergics likeatropine^[3]
• Adenosine receptor antagonists likecaffeine,theophylline, andaminophylline^[3]
• PDE3 inhibitors likeamrinone,milrinone, andpimobendan^[1][2][3]
• Cardiac glycosides likedigoxin^[2]
• Other agents likehydralazine,levosimendan, andcannabinoids^[3]

Exercise is also a cardiac stimulant by increasing levels of thesympathomimeticcatecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine.^[4][5]

• Media related toCardiac stimulants at Wikimedia Commons

• Cardiac stimulants

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