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Calculation

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Deliberate process that transforms inputs to outputs with variable change

Not to be confused withComputation.

For the card game, seeCalculation (game).

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Arithmetic operations

Addition (+)
	$\scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{term}}\,+\,{\text{term}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{summand}}\,+\,{\text{summand}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{addend}}\,+\,{\text{addend}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{augend}}\,+\,{\text{addend}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle {\text{sum}}$
Subtraction (−)
	$\scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{term}}\,-\,{\text{term}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{minuend}}\,-\,{\text{subtrahend}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle {\text{difference}}$
Multiplication (×)
	$\scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{factor}}\,\times \,{\text{factor}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{multiplier}}\,\times \,{\text{multiplicand}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle {\text{product}}$
Division (÷)
	$\scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{dividend}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{divisor}}}}\\[1ex]\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{numerator}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{denominator}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{fraction}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{quotient}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ratio}}\end{matrix}}\right.$
Exponentiation
	$\scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{exponent}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{power}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle {\text{power}}$
nth root (√)
	$\scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{degree}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radicand}}}}\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle {\text{root}}$
Logarithm (log)
	$\scriptstyle \log _{\text{base}}({\text{anti-logarithm}})\,=\,$	$\scriptstyle {\text{logarithm}}$

Acalculation is a deliberatemathematical process that transforms a plurality of inputs into a singular or plurality of outputs, known also as a result or results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definitearithmetical calculation of using analgorithm, to the vagueheuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.

For example,multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Extracting thesquare root or thecube root of a number using mathematical models is a more complex algorithmic calculation.

Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.

Tocalculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer usinglogic,reason orcommon sense.^[1] The English word derives from theLatincalculus, which originally meant apebble (from Latincalx), for instance the small stones used as a counters on anabacus (Latin:abacus,Greek:ἄβαξ,romanized: abax). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding theslide-rule and theelectronic calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars.