A usually congested highway inPenang,Malaysia, deserted during theMovement Control Order

Healthcare workers inHong Kong prepare to conduct massCOVID-19 testing ofJordan residents during a localised lockdown.

Scottish First MinisterNicola Sturgeon delivers a press conference instructing the public tostay at home during theCOVID-19 pandemic in Scotland.

At acommunity quarantine checkpoint inBohol,Philippines, police officers check a passingjeepney.

Queue in front of a supermarket inItaly caused bysocial distancing measures andsupply shortages during thelockdown

Volunteers inCape Town pack food parcels to distribute to the needy during the pandemic lockdown inSouth Africa.

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v t e

During the early stages of theCOVID-19 pandemic, a number ofnon-pharmaceutical interventions, particularlylockdowns (encompassingstay-at-home orders,curfews,quarantines,cordons sanitaires and similar societal restrictions), wereimplemented in numerous countries and territories around the world.^[1] By April 2020, about half of the world's population was under some form of lockdown, with more than 3.9 billion people in more than 90 countries or territories having been asked or ordered to stay at home by their governments.^[2] Althoughquarantines, similar to lockdowns, had been used in prior years, the massive and widespread scale of those mandatory lockdowns implemented in the early 2020s is thought to be unprecedented.^{[3][failed verification][4]}

In addition to the health effects of lockdown restrictions,^[5] researchers had found the lockdowns may have reducedcrime and violence by armed non-state actors, such as the Islamic State, and otherterrorist groups.^[6] In addition, lockdowns had increased the uptake of telecommuting, reduced airborne pollution, and increased adoption of digital payment systems.

Research has also documented profound negativeeconomic impacts, in addition to worsened school academic performance, and have been met with majorprotests around the world.^[7]

One study led by an economist at theUniversity of Chicago found that involuntary lockdowns had little impact, with voluntary distancing making up nearly 90% of the fall in consumer traffic as people feared the virus itself.^[8] Similarly, aNational Bureau of Economic Research study found stay-at-home orders increased staying at home by just 5–10%.^[9] Another study fromYale University found that most social distancing was voluntary, driven primarily by "media coverage of morbidity and mortality".^[10]

On the other hand, some studies have argued^[11][12] that coercive measures probably decreased interactions, while accepting that most of the reduction may have been voluntary. One of those two studies, by Flaxman et al., has been criticized, among other things for having a country-specific adjustment factor, without which the model would predict a massive number of deaths for Sweden.^[13] One widely cited economic simulation asserting that shelter-in-place orders reduced total cases three-fold, however, held voluntary distancing constant.^[14] Another study found a 30% difference among border-counties where stay-at-home orders were imposed.^[15]

Another study that compared the impact of 'less restrictive interventions' on the spread of COVID-19 inSweden andSouth Korea, with mandatory stay-at home orders in 8 other countries, such asFrance andSpain, did not find evidence for greater disease control in the countries with more restrictions.^[16] However, the findings of the study have been questioned due to its numerous limitations, including the small sample size of countries.^[17][18]

Some research has also found that an "advisory" approach is not adequate to control COVID-19 outbreaks. An analysis of an outbreak innorthern Italy found that an effective reduction in community transmission occurred during a strict national lockdown, and that earlier less stringent measures were ineffective at reducing mobility to a level low enough to reduce the spread of COVID-19.^[19]

Since the beginning of the pandemic,Google has consistently collected data on movements, showing rapid declines in public activity long before legal restrictions were imposed.^[20] An April 2020 poll found that 93% of Americans voluntarily chose to only leave home when necessary, regardless of legal restrictions.^[21]

A February 2021 review of 348 articles concluded there was acknowledgement of the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions in controlling the spread of COVID-19.^[22] However, later research also acknowledges high societal costs, though in some circumstances less than the costs of allowing the pandemic to spread without mitigation.^[22][23][24]

Epidemiological evidence supports generalized non-pharmaceutical interventions to curb the spread of COVID-19.^{[22][25][26][27]}

During the early stages of the pandemic inEurope and theUnited States, statistical modeling which advised that restrictions were helpful to prevent a large number of deaths were used as the basis for lockdowns.^[28] This includes anImperial College projection, led by epidemiologistNeil Ferguson.^[29] Despite some criticisms, academics defended the Imperial projection as fundamentally sound, while admitting the code was "a buggy mess".^[30] Retrospective evaluation of lockdowns and computer modeling has verified that they have significantly contributed to reducing mortality and morbidity from COVID-19.^[31]

A notable opponent of lockdowns has includedSweden's state epidemiologistAnders Tegnell, who has frequently criticised the strategy.^[32][33] TheSwedish government's approach has included minimal restrictions and has been controversial in part due to the relativelyhigh death toll due to widespread transmission.^[34][35] However, the Swedish government began considering enacting a lockdown in early 2021.^[36][37]

While arguing in August 2020 for the need for further lockdowns in the United States, physicians Ranu Dhillon andAbraar Karan argued for "smarter lockdowns" that impose restrictions on areas with high levels of transmission, and to increase support to vulnerable populations in these locations to offset the economic costs.^[38]

A number of medical experts signed theGreat Barrington Declaration in October 2020 which called for "Focused Protection" on high risk groups and minimal restrictions on the general population to achieve herd immunity through COVID-19 infection. However, the majority of medical experts and the WHO have strongly criticised this proposed strategy for its lack of scientific basis and for being unethical.^[26][39][40] The declaration has also attracted controversy over its funding and the authenticity of its signatures.^[25][41]

The lockdowns had multiple effects on people's everyday lives. Some of these were direct effects, such as cancelling or postponing a social event, and others had indirect effects, such as losing asense of identity.^[42] For example, teachers often derive meaning and a sense of life purpose from teaching, but the schools were closed, which caused many of them to feel disconnected from their identity as teachers.^[42] Many people also felt that they could not trust that the things (e.g., doorknobs) and people around them were safe.^[42] People also lost a sense of time, with the feelings of unpredictability developing into the opposite of the normal humanontological security.^[42] Instead of knowing what to do, what to trust, and what to expect in the future, people felt disconnected and at a loss.^[42] It also made people more aware of the pre-existing problems they were facing, such as abuse, addiction, and racism.^[42] The sociologistAnn Swidler compared the social changes toanomie, an absence of social norms that was first described at the end of theIndustrial Revolution, as the prior, socially agreed-upon system of interpersonal connections, values, interdependence, and ideas about normal behavior was set aside, and a new system had not yet emerged.^[42]

Some commentators have suggested that stay-at-home orders areunconstitutional, or that states' use of emergency powers to restrictfreedom of assembly andmovement areauthoritarian and may result in long-termdemocratic backsliding.^[43][44] Centralization of power by political leadership inHungary,Poland,China andCambodia in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been cited as examples.^[45][46][47] Many states restricted religious gatherings.^[48]

Some researchers have noted that COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have come withmental health costs, compounded by those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic itself.^{[22][49][50][51][52]} Systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate that the COVID-19 lockdowns were associated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and a decline in health-related quality of life among children and adolescents, largely driven by school closures, social isolation, and disrupted routines.^[53] Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic also led to strained relationships, increased cyberbullying, and physical consequences like abuse, accidental poisonings, and foreign object injuries.^[54] Pandemic policies were associated with increased depressive symptoms, decreased physical activity, poorer nutrition, reduced emergency department visits, higher child mortality in Cameroon, a drop in immunizations in Pakistan, and an increase in physical child abuse trauma cases in one U.S. center.^[55]

Due to their closure,educational institutions worldwide transitioned to online learning. Teachers and faculty had to learn new ways to engage with students while in a COVID-19 pandemic. Examples of online teaching tools are podcasts, videos, and virtual classrooms.^{[56][better source needed]} Prolonged COVID-19 school closures and the ineffectiveness of remote learning, especially in low- and middle-income countries, exacerbated educational inequities, leading to substantial learning losses that could cost this generation of students $17 trillion in lifetime earnings. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education for 1.6 billion students at its peak, exacerbating the gender divide with disproportionately greater learning losses among girls and increased risks of child labor, gender-based violence, early marriage, and pregnancy in some countries.^[57] School closures during the pandemic resulted in significant learning loss, although some countries managed to limit the impact.^[58][55] The closures also led to a significant reduction in child abuse reporting, especially in Florida, where allegations of child abuse and neglect dropped by nearly one-third. This decline has been attributed to the limited access that teachers and school staff had to students, who typically serve as key reporters of child abuse.^[55]

UN Women warned in an April 2020 report that COVID-19 pandemic restrictions exacerbategender inequalities and have led to an increase indomestic violence.^[59] Many women were being forced to 'lockdown' at home with their abusers at the same time that services to support survivors are being disrupted or made inaccessible.^[60] For instance, in France there was around a 30% spike in cases of violence against women since the lockdown in March 2020.^[59]

Telehealth had an important role to allow physicians not to miss the follow-up of patients with different chronic diseases and potentially helped to containSARS-CoV-2 spreading among both patients and healthcare providers^[61] During the COVID-19 pandemic, video-communications became an easy-to-use quick-to-learn tool for many people, and the anxiety to contract COVID-19 could have counterbalanced some patients' low level of trust in technology. For these reasons, most patients accepted to receive a video-consultation in spite of the traditional in-person visit and trusted telemedicine.^{[62][non-primary source needed][failed verification]}

In late 2023, formerDirector of the National Institutes of HealthFrancis Collins wentviral online amongst critics of the lockdown response when he discussed the lack of weight that public health authorities had given to the potential downsides of the lockdown measures when they were formulating the official response to COVID-19.^[63]

Some economists supported increased government funding for mitigation efforts, even at the cost of tolerating a very large economic contraction.^[64] They agreed that lockdowns should continue until the threat of resurgence has declined, even when considering only the economic impact.^[65] There was a general agreement, at least in some economic circles, that "severe lockdowns — including closing non-essential businesses and strict limitations on people's movement — are likely to be better for the economy in the medium term than less aggressive measures".^[66]

Both theWorld Food Programme (WFP) and theWorld Health Organization (WHO) have published statements noting the impact of the lockdowns on livelihoods andfood security, andDavid Nabarro, WHO Special Envoy on COVID-19 stated in October 2020 that "lockdowns just have one consequence that you must never ever belittle, and that is making poor people an awful lot poorer".^[67][68][69]

There have also been a number of protests worldwide in opposition to lockdowns, including in theUnited Kingdom, theUnited States,Australia,Germany, theNetherlands,Canada andNew Zealand. The motivations for and sizes of these protests have varied. Some have been spurred by theeconomic andsocial impacts of lockdowns, but have also been associated withmisinformation related to the pandemic,conspiracy theories andanti-vaccination.^[70][71]

• v
• t
• e

COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns

Country / territory	Place	First lockdown			Second lockdown			Third lockdown			Fourth lockdown			Fifth lockdown			Sixth lockdown			Seventh lockdown			Eighth lockdown			Total length (days)	Level
		Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)	Start date	End date	Length (days)
Albania		2020-03-13[72]	2020-06-01[73]	80																						80	National
Algeria	Algiers	2020-03-23[74]	2020-05-14[75]	52																						52	City
	Blida
Argentina	Greater Buenos Aires	2020-03-19[76]	2020-11-08[77]	234	2021-05-22[78]	2021-05-30	9	2021-06-05[79]	2021-06-06	2																245	Metropolitan area
	Rest of the country	2020-03-19[76]	2020-05-10[80]	52	2021-05-22[78]	2021-05-30	9	2021-06-05[79]	2021-06-06	2																63	National
Armenia		2020-03-24[81]	2020-05-04[82]	41																						41	National
Australia	Melbourne	2020-03-31[83]	2020-05-12[84][a]	43	2020-07-09[b][85][86]	2020-10-27[87]	111	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28[89]	2021-06-10[90]	14	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-10-21[94]	78							263	Metropolitan area
	Greater Shepparton	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-15[96][97]	25	2021-10-02[98]	2021-10-09[99]	7	145	Local government area
	Ballarat	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20	2021-09-16[100]	2021-09-22[c][101][102]	7	140
	Greater Geelong	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20	2021-09-20[103]	2021-09-26[104]	7	140
	Surf Coast Shire	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20	2021-09-20[103]	2021-09-26[104]	7	140
	Mitchell Shire	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-07-09[b][105]	2020-09-16[86]	70	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20	2021-09-20[103]	2021-10-13[d][106]	24	186
	Mildura	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20	2021-10-09[107]	2021-10-22[108]	14	147
	Latrobe Valley	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20	2021-09-29[109]	2021-10-06[110]	7	140	Region
	Rest of regionalVictoria[e]	2020-03-31	2020-05-12[84]	43	2020-08-06[86]	2020-09-16[86]	41	2021-02-13[88]	2021-02-17[88]	5	2021-05-28	2021-06-03	7	2021-07-16[91]	2021-07-27[92]	12	2021-08-05[93]	2021-08-09	5	2021-08-21[95]	2021-09-09[96][97]	20				133	State
	South Australia				2020-11-19[111]	2020-11-22[112]	3	2021-07-21[113]	2021-07-27	7																62
	Southern Tasmania				2021-10-16[114]	2021-10-19	3																			55
	Northern Beaches (NSW)				2020-12-19[115]	2021-01-10[116]	22	2021-06-26	2021-10-11[f][117]	107																181	Local government area
	Brisbane				2021-01-08[118]	2021-01-11[118]	3	2021-03-29[119]	2021-04-01[120]	3	2021-06-29[121]	2021-07-03	4	2021-07-31[122]	2021-08-08[123]	8										67	Metropolitan area
	Perth				2021-01-31[124]	2021-02-05[124]	5	2021-04-23[125]	2021-04-26[125]	3	2021-06-28[126]	2021-07-02[126]	4													61	Metropolitan area
	Peel				2021-01-31[124]	2021-02-05[124]	5	2021-04-23[125]	2021-04-26[125]	3	2021-06-28	2021-07-02	4													61	Region
	South West				2021-01-31[124]	2021-02-05[124]	5																			57
	Illawarra				2021-06-26[127]	2021-10-11[g][128][129][117]	107																			159
	Greater Sydney				2021-06-26[127]	2021-10-11[h][128][129][117]	107																			159	Metropolitan area
	Darwin				2021-06-27[130]	2021-07-02[131]	5	2021-08-16	2021-08-19	3																57	Metropolitan area
	South East Queensland				2021-06-29[121]	2021-07-02	3	2021-07-31	2021-08-08	8																63	Region
	Townsville				2021-06-29[121]	2021-07-02	3	2021-07-31	2021-08-08	8																63	Metropolitan area
	Alice Springs				2021-06-30[132]	2021-07-03	3																			55	Metropolitan area
	Central West				2021-07-20[133]	2021-07-27[133]	7	2021-08-14	2021-10-11[i][134]	58																117	Region
	Hunter Region				2021-08-05[135][136]	2021-10-11[j][134]	67																			119
	Upper Hunter				2021-08-05[135]	2021-09-16[k][134][137]	42																			94
	Muswellbrook				2021-08-05[135]	2021-09-16[l][134][137]	42	2021-09-28[138]	2021-10-11[m]	13																107	Local government area
	Armidale				2021-08-07[139]	2021-09-10[140]	34																			87
	Cairns Region				2021-08-08[141]	2021-08-11[142]	3																			55	Region
	Yarrabah				2021-08-08[141]	2021-08-11[142]	3																			55	Local government area
	Richmond Valley				2021-08-09[143]	2021-09-10[134][144]	32																			84
	Lismore				2021-08-09[143]	2021-09-10[134][140]	32	2021-09-16[137]	2021-09-23	7	2021-10-03[145]	2021-10-11	8													99
	Byron Shire				2021-08-09[143]	2021-09-10[134][144]	32	2021-09-21[146]	2021-09-28	7																91
	Ballina				2021-08-09[143]	2021-09-10[134][144]	32																			84
	Tamworth				2021-08-09[147]	2021-09-10[134][144][140]	32																			84
	Dubbo				2021-08-11[148]	2021-10-11[n][134][140]	61																			113
	Australian Capital Territory				2021-08-12[149]	2021-10-15[150]	61																			114	Territory
	Regional NSW[o]				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28																			81	Region
	Mid-Coast				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140][152]	28																			81	Local government area
	South Coast[p]				2021-08-14[151]	2021-10-11[q][134][140]	57																			109	Region
	Bega Valley				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-16[r][134][140][153]	33																			85	Local government area
	Goulburn–Mulwaree				2021-08-14[151]	2021-10-11[s][134][140]	57																			109
	Snowy Monaro				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-16[t][134][140][153]	33	2021-09-30[154]	2021-10-11[155]	11																96
	Yass Valley				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[140]	28	2021-09-14[156]	2021-09-27	14																94
	Albury (NSW)				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-09-16[137]	2021-09-23	7																87
	Cowra				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-09-20[157]	2021-10-05[158]	14																94
	Glen Innes Severn (NSW)				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-09-17[159]	2021-09-24	7																87
	Hilltops (NSW)				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-09-17[159]	2021-10-01[160]	14																94
	Port Macquarie-Hastings				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-09-28[138]	2021-10-05	7																87
	Oberon				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-09-29[161]	2021-10-11[155]	12																92
	Gunnedah				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-10-05[162]	2021-10-11	6																86
	Casino				2021-08-14[151]	2021-09-10[134][140]	28	2021-10-02[163]	2021-10-11	9																89	Town
	Rest of the country[u]	2020-03-23[164]	2020-05-15[165]	52																						52	National
Austria		2020-03-16[166]	2020-04-13[167]	28	2020-11-03[168]	2020-11-30[168]	27	2020-12-26[169]	2021-02-07[170]	43	2021-11-22[171]	2021-12-11[172]	20													118
Azerbaijan		2020-03-31[173]	2020-08-30[173]	152																						152
Bangladesh		2020-03-26[174]	2020-05-16[175]	51	2021-04-05[176]	2021-07-14[177]	100	2021-07-23[178]	2021-08-10[179]	18																169
Barbados		2020-03-28[180]	2020-05-03[180]	36																						36
Belgium		2020-03-18[181]	2020-05-04[182]	47	2020-11-02[183]	2020-12-14[183]	42	2021-03-27[184]	2021-04-26[185]	30																119
Bermuda		2020-04-04[180]	2020-05-02[186]	28																						28
Bhutan		2020-08-11[187]	2020-09-01[188]	21																						21
Bolivia		2020-03-22[189]	2020-07-31[190]	131																						131
Botswana		2020-04-02[191]	2020-04-30[191]	28																						28
Brazil	Santa Catarina	2020-03-17[192]	2020-04-07[192]	21																						21	State
	São Paulo	2020-03-24[193]	2020-05-10[194]	47																						47
Bulgaria		2020-03-13[v][198][199]	2020-06-15[w][201][202]	94	2020-11-28 (de facto)[x][204]	2021-01-31[y][204][205]	65	2021-03-22[z][207]	2021-03-31	10																169	National
Cambodia	Phnom Penh	2021-04-15[208]	2021-05-05[209]	21																						21	Municipality
	Ta Khmau
Canada	British Columbia	2020-03-18[210]	2020-05-18[211]	61	2020-11-07[212]	2021-01-08[212]	62																			123	Province
	Ontario	2020-03-17[213][214]	2020-05-14	58				2021-04-03[215]	2021-05-01	28																86
	Ontario - South				2020-12-26[216]	2021-01-23[216]	28	2021-04-08[217]	2021-06-02[217]	55																83	Region
	Ontario - North				2020-12-26[216]	2021-01-09[216]	14																			14
	Quebec	2020-03-18	2020-05-04	47	2020-12-25[218]	2021-01-11[218]	18[218]																			65	Province
Colombia		2020-03-25[219]	2020-06-30[220]	97																						97	National
Congo		2020-03-31[221]	2020-04-20[221]	20																						20
Costa Rica		2020-03-23[222]	2020-05-01[223]	39																						39
Croatia		2020-03-18[224]	2020-05-11	32	2020-12-22[225]	2020-12-29[226]	7																			39
Cyprus		2020-03-24[227]	2020-04-13[227]	20	2021-01-10[228]	2021-01-31[228]	21	2021-04-26[229]	2021-05-09[229]	13																54
Czech Republic		2020-03-16[166]	2020-04-12[230]	27	2020-10-22[231]	2021-03-28[231]	174																			201
Denmark		2020-03-12[232]	2020-04-13[233]	33	2020-12-25[234]	2021-03-01[235]	66																			99
Ecuador		2020-03-16[236]	2020-03-31[236]	15																						15
El Salvador		2020-03-12[237]	2020-04-02[237]	21																						21
Eritrea		2020-04-02[238]	2020-04-23[238]	21																						21
Estonia		2021-03-11[239]	2021-04-11[239]	31																						31	National
Fiji	Lautoka	2020-03-20[240]	2020-04-07[241]	18	2021-04-19																					18	City
	Suva	2020-04-03[242]	2020-04-17[243]	14																						14
France	Nationwide	2020-03-17[244]	2020-05-11[245]	55	2020-10-30[246]	2020-12-15[247]	46	2021-04-04[248]	2021-05-03[248]	29																130	National
	Paris							2021-03-19[249]	2021-04-18	30																131	Region
Finland		2021-03-08[250]	2021-03-28[250]	20																						20	National
Georgia		2020-03-31[251]	2020-04-21[251]	21																						21
Germany	different regionally	2020-03-16[aa][253]	2020-05-30[254][255] to 2020-05-11[256]	76	2020-11-02[257]	2021-03-01 to 2021-06-11[258][259]	119 to 222																			179 to 298
	Berchtesgadener Land				2020-10-20[260]	2020-11-03[261]	14																			43 to 64	District
Ghana	Accra	2020-03-30[262]	2020-04-12[263]	13																						13	Metropolitan area
	Kumasi
Greece	Nationwide	2020-03-23[264]	2020-05-04[265]	42	2020-11-07[266]	2021-03-22[267]	135																			177	National
	Thessaloniki				2020-11-03[268]		139																			181	Regional unit
	Serres
Guernsey		2020-03-25[269]	2020-06-20[270]	87	2021-01-23[271]	2021-02-22[272]	30																			117	National
Honduras		2020-03-20[273]	2020-05-17[274]	58																						58
Hungary		2020-03-28[275]	2020-04-10[275]	13																						13
India	Nationwide	2020-03-25[276]	2020-06-07[277]	74																						74
	Bengaluru				2021-04-27[278]	2021-05-09	12																			12	Region
	Delhi				2021-04-19[279]	2021-05-31[280]	42																			42	Region
	Haryana				2021-05-03[281]	2021-05-10	7																			7	State
	Maharashtra				2021-04-14[282]	2021-06-15[283]	62																			62	State
	Odisha				2021-05-05[284]	2021-05-19	14																			14	State
	Rajasthan				2021-05-10[285]	2021-06-08[286]	29																			29	State
	Uttar Pradesh				2021-04-30[287]	2021-05-10[288]	10																			10	State
Iran		2020-03-14[289]	2020-04-20[290]	37	2021-04-14[291]	2021-04-24	14																			47	National
Iraq		2020-03-22[292]	2020-04-11[293]	20																						20
Ireland	All 26counties	2020-03-12[ab][294][295]	2020-05-18[296]	67	2020-10-21[297]	2020-12-01[298]	41	2020-12-24[ac][299]	2021-04-12[300]	119																227
	Kildare	2020-08-07[301][302]	2020-08-31[303]	24																						24	Regional
	Laois		2020-08-21[304]	14																						14
	Offaly
Israel	Bnei Brak	2020-04-02[305]	2020-04-16[306]	14			30			42																86	City
	Nationwide				2020-09-18[307]	2020-10-18[308]		2020-12-27[309]	2021-02-07[310]																	72	National
Italy	Nationwide	2020-03-09[ad][311]	2020-05-18[312]	70	2020-12-24[313][ae]	2021-01-06[313]	13	2021-03-15[314]	2021-04-30	46																129	National
	Lombardy				2020-11-06[315]	2020-12-03[316]	27	2021-01-17[317]	2021-01-30	13																110	Region
	Piedmont				2020-11-06[315]	2020-12-03[316]																				97
	Aosta Valley				2020-11-06[315]	2020-12-03[316]
	Calabria				2020-11-06[315]	2020-12-03[316]
	Sicily							2021-01-17[317]	2021-01-30	13																83
	Province of Bolzano							2021-01-17[317]	2021-01-30																		Province
Jamaica	Saint Catherine	2020-04-15[318]	2020-04-22[318]	7																						7	Parish
Jordan		2020-03-18[319]	2020-04-30[320]	43	2020-11-10[321]	2020-11-15[321]	5																			48	National
Kosovo		2020-03-14[322]	2020-05-04[323]	51																						51
Kuwait		2020-05-10[324]	2020-05-31[324]	21																						21
Lebanon		2020-03-15[325]	2020-03-28[325]	13	2020-11-14[326]	2020-11-28	14																			27
Libya		2020-03-22[327]	2020-06-27[328]	97																						97
Lithuania		2020-03-16[329]	2020-06-18[330]	94	2020-11-07[331]	2020-11-28	21																			115
Madagascar	Antananarivo	2020-03-23[332]	2020-04-20[333]	28																						28	City
	Toamasina
Malaysia		2020-03-18[334]	2020-06-09[335]	83	2021-01-13	2021-02-10	28	2021-06-01[336]	2021-08-16[337]	76																187	National
Mexico	Nationwide	2020-03-23[338]	2020-06-01[338]	70																						70
	Chihuahua				2020-10-23[339]	2020-12-06	44																			114	State
	Durango				2020-11-03[340]	2020-12-06	33																			103
	Baja California				2020-12-07																					70
	Mexico City				2020-12-19[341]																					70
	State of Mexico				2020-12-19[341]																					70
	Morelos				2021-01-04																					70
	Guanajuato				2021-01-04																					70
Mongolia		2020-03-10[342]	2020-03-16[342]	6	2020-11-17[343]	2020-12-01	15																			21	National
Montenegro	Tuzi	2020-03-24[344]	2020-05-05[345]	42																						42	Municipality
Morocco		2020-03-19[346]	2020-06-10[347]	83																						83	National
Myanmar	Yangon	2020-04-18[348]	2020-07-01[349]	74	2020-09-01[350]	2021-04-10[351]	220	2021-07-08[352]	2021-10-27[353]	111																405	City
Namibia		2020-03-27[af][354]	2020-05-04[355]	38																						38
Nepal	Nationwide	2020-03-24[356]	2020-07-21[357]	120																						120
	Kathmandu				2020-08-20[358]	2020-09-09[358]	21																			141	City
Netherlands		2020-03-15[359]	2020-04-06[359]	22	2020-12-15[360]	2021-06-05[361]	172	2021-12-19[362]	2022-01-14[363]	26																220	National
New Zealand	Nationwide	2020-03-23[364][365]	2020-05-13[366]	52	2021-08-18[364]	2021-09-07[364]	21																			73	National
	Auckland				2020-08-12[367]	2020-08-30[364]	19	2021-02-14[368]	2021-02-17[368]	3	2021-02-28[364]	2021-03-07[364]	7	2021-08-18[364]	2021-11-29(TBC)[369]	104										185	Region
Nigeria	Abuja	2020-03-30[370]	2020-04-12[370]	13																						13	City
	Lagos
	Ogun																										State
Northern Cyprus		2020-03-30[371]	2020-05-04[372]	35																						35	National
North Korea	Nationwide	2022-05-12[373]	not set	not set																							National
	Kaesong	2020-07-25[374]	2020-08-14[375]	20																						20	City
Oman	Muscat	2020-04-10[376]	2020-05-29[377]	49																						49	Governorate
	Jalan Bani Bu Ali	2020-04-16[378]	2020-05-29[379]	43																						43	Province
Pakistan		2020-03-24[380]	2020-05-09[381]	46	2021-05-08[382]	2021-05-18	10																			46	National
Panama		2020-03-25[383]	2020-05-31 (downgraded to a night and weekend curfew)[384]	67																						67
Papua New Guinea		2020-03-24[385]	2020-04-07[385]	14																						14
Paraguay		2020-03-20[386]	2020-05-03[387]	44																						44
Peru		2020-03-16[388]	2020-06-30[389]	106																						106
Philippines	Cebu	2020-03-27[390]	2020-05-15[ag][391] to 2020-05-31[ah][392]	49 to 65																						49 to 65	Province
	Davao Region	2020-03-19[393]	2020-05-15[391]	57																						57	Region
	Luzon	2020-03-15[ai][394]	2020-04-30[aj][395] to 2020-05-15[ak][396] to 2020-05-31[ah][392]	46 to 61 to 77	2020-08-04[397][al]	2020-08-18[397][al]	15	2021-01-25	2021-02-15	21	2021-03-29	2021-09-15	170													61 to 92	Island group
	Soccsksargen	2020-03-23[393]	2020-05-15[398]	53																						53	Region
Poland		2020-03-13[399]	2020-04-11[400]	29	2020-12-28[401]	2021-01-17[401]	20	2021-03-20[402]	2021-04-25[403]	36																85	National
Portugal		2020-03-19[404]	2020-04-02[400]	14	2021-01-15[405]	2021-03-15[406]	59																			73
Qatar	Doha Industrial Area	2020-03-11[407]	2020-06-15[408]	96																						96	Industrial park
Romania		2020-03-25[409]	2020-05-12[410]	48																						48	National
Russia	Moscow	2020-03-30[411]	2020-05-12[412][413]	43	2021-10-28[414]	2021-11-04	7																			50	Metropolitan area
	Rest of the country[am]	2020-03-28[415]	2020-04-30[415]	33																						33	National
Rwanda		2020-03-21[416]	2020-04-19[417]	29																						29
Samoa		2020-03-26[418]	2020-04-08[419]	13																						13
San Marino		2020-03-14[420]	2020-05-05[421]	52																						52
Saudi Arabia	Jeddah	2020-03-29[422]	2020-06-21[423]	84																						84	City
	Mecca	2020-03-26[422]		87																						87
	Medina
	Qatif	2020-03-09[424]		104																						104	Area
	Riyadh	2020-03-26[422]		87																						87	City
Serbia		2020-03-15[400]	2020-04-21[425] to 2020-05-04[426]	37 to 50																						37 to 50	National
Singapore		2020-04-07[427]	2020-06-01[428]	56	2021-05-16[429]	2021-06-13	28	2021-07-22	2021-08-09	18	2021-09-27	2021-11-21 [430]	56													158
South Africa		2020-03-26[431]	2020-04-30[432]	35	2020-12-28	2021-01-15	18	2021-06-28	2021-07-25	27																80
Spain		2020-03-14[433]	2020-05-09[434]	56																						56
Sri Lanka		2020-03-18[435]	2020-06-21[436]	95	2021-08-20[437]	2021-10-01[438]	42																			137
Switzerland		2020-03-17[439]	2020-04-27[440]	41	2021-01-18[441]	2021-03-01[442]	42																			83
Thailand		2020-03-25[443]	2020-05-31[444]	67																						67
Trinidad and Tobago		2020-03-17[445]	2020-03-31[445]	14																						14
Tunisia		2020-03-22[446]	2020-04-19[447]	28																						28
Turkey		2020-04-23[448]	2020-04-27[448]	4																						4	Only in30 metropolitan cities andZonguldak.
	Nationwide	2021-04-29[449]	2021-05-17[449]	18																						18	National
Ukraine		2020-03-17[400]	2020-04-24[400]	38																						38
United Arab Emirates		2020-03-26[450]	2020-04-17[451]	22																						22
United Kingdom	England	2020-03-23[452]	2020-07-04[453]	103	2020-11-05[454]	2020-12-02[454]	27	2021-01-05[455]	2021-03-28[456][an]	83																213
	Scotland		2020-06-29[457]	98	2020-12-26[458]	2021-04-02[459]	97																			195
	Northern Ireland		2020-07-03[460]	102	2020-11-27[461]	2020-12-11[461]	14	2020-12-26[462]	2021-04-12[463]	107																223	Country
	Wales		2020-07-13[464]	112	2020-10-23[465]	2020-11-09[465]	17	2020-12-20[466]	2021-03-13[467][468][ao]	83																212
	North West	2020-12-31[469]	2021-03-29	88																						88	Region
	North East	2020-12-31[469]	2021-03-29	88																						88
	East Midlands	2020-12-31[469]	2021-03-29	88																						88
	West Midlands	2020-12-31[469]	2021-03-29	88																						88
	Norfolk	2020-12-26[470]	2021-03-29	93																						93	County
	Suffolk	2020-12-26[471]	2021-03-29	93																						93
	Cambridgeshire	2020-12-26[472]	2021-03-29	93																						93
	Essex	2020-12-26[473]	2021-03-29	93																						93
	London area	2020-12-20[474]	2021-03-29	99																						99	City
	Kent & South East	2020-12-20[474]	2021-03-29	99																						99	Region
	Leicester	2020-06-30[475]	2020-07-24[476]	24																						24	County
	Glasgow				2020-11-20[477]	2020-12-11[477]	21																			21
	East Renfrewshire
	Renfrewshire
	East Dunbartonshire
	West Dunbartonshire
	North Lanarkshire
	South Lanarkshire
	East Ayrshire
	South Ayrshire
	West Lothian
	Stirling
United States	California	2020-03-19[478]	2021-06-15[479]	453																						453	State
	Connecticut	2020-03-23[480]	2020-04-22[481]	30																						30	State
	Illinois	2020-03-21[482]	2020-05-30[483]	70																						70
	Kansas City inKansas	2020-03-24[484]	2020-04-19[485]	26																						26	City
	Massachusetts	2020-03-24[486]	2020-05-04[486]	41																						41	State
	Michigan	2020-03-24[487]	2020-04-13[481]	20																						20
	New York	2020-03-22[488]	2020-06-13[489]	83																						83
	Oregon	2020-03-24[490]	2020-05-15[491]	53																						53
	Wisconsin	2020-03-24[492]	2020-05-13[493]	50																						50
Venezuela		2020-03-17[494]	2020-05-13	57																						57	National
Vietnam	Nationwide	2020-04-01[495]	2020-04-22[496]	21																						21
	Da Nang				2020-07-28[497]	2020-09-05[498]	39																			60	City
	Hai Duong				2021-02-16[499]	2021-03-02	14																			35	Province,Chi Linh city lockdown began from 28 January.
	Bac Ninh				2021-05-18[500][501]		23																			23	4 districts and 1 city
	Bac Giang				2021-05-18[502][503]		23																				6 districts
Zimbabwe		2020-03-30[504]	2020-05-02[505]	33																						33	National
Notes ^Restrictions were further eased on the 1st of June 2021, however during the time between then and the 12th of May 2021, "Stay at home orders" were not active and hence this period didn't constitute what is internationally considered a "lockdown". ^abStage 3 lockdown imposed on 8 July; Stage 4 lockdown imposed on 2 August 2020 ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^All of Victoria except Melbourne, Greater Shepparton, Ballarat, Greater Geelong, Surf Coast Shire and Mitchell Shire ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^Applies for all others Regional NSW outside Greater Sydney, Hunter Region, Dubbo,Central West,South Coast, Goulburn, Queanbeyan-Palerang and Snowy Monaro ^Applies for allSouth Coast exceptBega Valley after 16/09/2021 ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated ^Applies for further measures in eachAustralian state and territory ^Initially to last until 13 April 2020, included closures of universities, schools, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on mass gatherings, suspension of sports competitions for more than two months, certain temporary restrictions on the free movement of citizens, but no strict "Stay at home order".[195] A number of lockdown measures were already eased or lifted in April[196] and May 2020.[197] ^Depending on the strictness of the definition for a lockdown; some sources such asPolitico Europe consider it to have ended by 9 May, with a total duration of 57 days.[200] ^Closures of all educational institutions, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on most cultural events, all excursions and forms of group tourism, children forbidden to participate in organized sports events, no "Stay at home order", described as a "soft" or "partial" lockdown and officially entered into force at 23:30 on 27 November.[203] ^The lockdown was initially to end on 21 December 2020, but was subsequently extended until 31 January 2021, though with a few of the restrictions relaxed, such as children in kindergartens and in grades 1-4 being able to attend in-person classes from January 2021. ^Preceded by some measures on the regional level, no "Stay at home order".[206] ^Lockdown was started inFreiburg,Baden-Württemberg andBavaria on 20 March 2020. Two days later, it was expanded to the whole of Germany[252] ^A nationalstay-at-home order was officially declared on 27 March ^A full third lockdown was declared from 30 December and was repeatedly extended. ^Lockdown was first started inNorthern Italy on 8 March 2020, then expanded to the rest of Italy the following day ^The lockdown was suspended on 28, 29, 30 December 2020 and 4 January 2021 ^Lockdown was started in the regions ofErongo andKhomas but effectively enforced countrywide. On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May and to all of Namibia. ^Except inCebu City only where it was extended to 16 days ^abLockdown was extended to areas under high risk COVID-19 zones ^Lockdown was started inMetro Manila, but expanded to the rest of Luzon two days later, 17 March 2020 ^In most Luzon areas only, except Metro Manila and selected areas of Luzon are on high risk COVID-19 zones ^Lockdown was extended to Metro Manila and remaining areas of Luzon ^abMetro Manila,Bulacan,Cavite andRizal only. ^Applies for mandatory holidays and further measures in eachRussian region ^England has followed an incremental easing of restrictions since 8 March 2021. Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June, July 19 is the date set for the expiry of most legal restrictions in England. Although some sources describe this date as the "end" of lockdown, March 28 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown. ^Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June. March 13 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.