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Budding orblastogenesis is a type ofasexual reproduction in which a neworganism develops from an outgrowth or bud due tocell division at one particular site. For example, the small bulb-like projection coming out from theyeast cell is known as a bud. Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly created organism is aclone and, exceptingmutations, is genetically identical to the parent organism. Organisms such ashydra useregenerative cells for reproduction in the process of budding.
In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division of the parent body at one specific site. These buds develop into tiny individuals and, when fully mature, detach from the parent body and become new independent individuals.
Internal budding or endodyogeny is a process of asexual reproduction, favored by parasites such asToxoplasma gondii. It involves an unusual process in which two daughter cells are produced inside a mother cell, which is then consumed by the offspring prior to their separation.[1]
Endopolygeny is the division into several organisms at once by internal budding.
Some cellsdivide asymmetrically by budding, for exampleSaccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast species used in baking and brewing. This process results in a 'mother' cell and a smaller 'daughter' cell. Cryo-electron tomography recently revealed that mitochondria in cells divide by budding.
In some multicellularanimals, offspring may develop as outgrowths of the mother. Animals that reproduce by budding includecorals, somesponges, some acoels (e.g.,Convolutriloba),echinoderm larvae,placozoans,symbions,pterobranchians,entoproctans, somepolychaetes,bryozoans,tunicates,flatworms and a singlephoronid species.
Colonies of some bee species have also exhibited budding behavior, such asApis dorsata. Although budding behavior is rare in this bee species, it has been observed when a group of workers leave the natal nest and construct a new nest usually near the natal one.[2]
Invirology, budding is a form ofviral shedding by which envelopedviruses acquire their externalenvelope from the hostcell membrane, which bulges outwards and encloses thevirion.
Inagriculture andhorticulture, buding refers tografting the bud of one plant onto another.[3]
