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He was born inRouen, but spent most of his childhood atLe Havre, and moved toParis in 1917. His first works show the influence of theSurrealists.
He was the owner of a profitable advertising firm, but sold it in order to devote his time to writing plays. Encouraged byCharles Dullin, he wrote in a wide range of styles and enjoyed great success from the mid-1930s. His later work is usually grouped with that of theExistentialists. He flirted withcommunism during the 1920s and criticized capitalism in his playBoulevard Durand.[1] During the Nazi occupation of France, he participated in the clandestineFrench Resistance, an experience which he celebrated inLes Nuits de la colère.[2]
He was a member of theAcadémie Goncourt, and a library in his home town is named after him.