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Anti-monarchism inJapan (天皇制廃止論,Ten'nōsei haishi-ron, lit. "Emperor system abolition theory") oranti-Emperor system (反天皇制,Han ten'nōsei) was a minor force during the twentieth century.^{[citation needed]}

In 1908, a letter allegedly written by Japanese revolutionaries denied the Emperor's divinity, and threatened his life.^[1] In 1910,Kōtoku Shūsui and 10 others plotted to assassinate the Emperor.^[2] In 1923, 1925 and 1932Emperor Hirohito survived assassination attempts.^[3]

AfterWorld War II, the communists were antagonistic to the Emperor. TheJapanese Communist Party demanded the abolition of the emperor system.^[4] They boycotted the formal opening of theNational Diet in 1949 because of Emperor Shōwa's (Hirohito's) presence.^[5] The Japanese Communist Party continued to be antagonistic after Emperor Shōwa's death in 1989.^[6]

During the Imperial visits toOtsu, Japan in 1951, andHokkaido in 1954, Communist posters and handbills antagonistic to the Imperial Family Members were plastered in the cities.^[7][8]

In 1951, three thousand students inKyoto University protested against Emperor Shōwa's continued reign.^[9]

• Japanese dissidence during the Shōwa period
• Assassination attempts on Hirohito
• Aki no Arashi
• Hantenren

• "Remove Hirohito, Tokyo Reds Ask". The Pittsburgh Press. October 10, 1945.
• "REMOVE HIROHITO IS CRY OF FREED JAP COMMUNISTS". Toronto Daily Star. October 10, 1945.
• "Anti-Russian Organization Rises In Japan; Red Liaison Officer Says That American Occupation Too Soft". Times Daily. October 9, 1945.
• "COMMUNISTS OUT TO GET HIROHITO". The Spokesman-Review. November 13, 1945.
• "CAN"T HAVE DEMOCRACY AND HIROHITO, JAPS SAY".Toronto Daily Star. October 4, 1945.
• "MacArthur Ousts High Jap Official, Fires Police Heads". The Daily Times. October 3, 1945.
• "BAN FREEDOM FOR JAP REDS". The Milwaukee Sentinel. October 3, 1945. Archived fromthe original on April 29, 2016. RetrievedJuly 20, 2015.
• "JAPAN TO URGE TRADE OF SILK FOR VITAL FOOD To Ask Permission for Barter System; Communists Would Get Rid of Mikadoism". The Montreal Gazette. October 4, 1945.
• "Japanese Communists Censure Hirohito Tours". The Tuscaloosa News. March 4, 1946.

• Japanese Resistance
• Left-wing politics in Japan
• Republicanism in Japan

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