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Amfetaminil

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(Redirected fromAmphetaminil)
Amphetamine-derived stimulant drug

Pharmaceutical compound
Amfetaminil
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 2-Phenyl-2-(1-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.037.767Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H18N2
Molar mass250.345 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • N#CC(NC(C)Cc1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
  • InChI=1S/C17H18N2/c1-14(12-15-8-4-2-5-9-15)19-17(13-18)16-10-6-3-7-11-16/h2-11,14,17,19H,12H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:NFHVTCJKAHYEQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Amfetaminil (also known asamphetaminil,N-cyanobenzylamphetamine,[1] andAN-1; brand nameAponeuron) is astimulant drug derived fromamphetamine, which was developed in the 1970s and used for the treatment ofobesity,[2]ADHD,[3][4] andnarcolepsy.[5] It has largely been withdrawn from clinical use following problems withabuse.[6] The drug is aprodrug toamphetamine.[7][8]

Stereochemistry

[edit]

Amfetaminil is a molecule with two stereogenic centers. Thus, four different stereoisomers exist:

  • (R)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-08-4)
  • (S)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-12-0)
  • (R)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-10-8)
  • (S)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-14-2)

Synthesis

[edit]
Synthesis:[9][10][11][12][13]

Schiff base formation between amphetamine (1) and benzaldehyde (2) gives benzalamphetamine [2980-02-1] (3). Nucleophilic attack of cyanide anion on the imine (c.f. Strecker reaction) gives amfetaminil (4). Finally, reaction with nitrous acid gives (5). The rearrangement to aSydnone then occurs to giveCID:88166659 (6).Feprosidnine is sans the phenyl group.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012).Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 13–.ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1.
  2. ^Harris LS (June 1986). "The stimulants and hallucinogens under consideration: a brief overview of their chemistry and pharmacology".Drug and Alcohol Dependence.17 (2–3):107–18.doi:10.1016/0376-8716(86)90002-5.PMID 2874966.
  3. ^Meyer-Probst B, Vehreschild T (August 1976). "[Influencing the lack of concentration in hyperkinetic school children with Aponeuron]".Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und Medizinische Psychologie (in German).28 (8):491–9.PMID 1005547.
  4. ^Paclt I, Florian J, Brunclíková J, Růzicková I (May 1996). "[Effect of Aponeuron in the treatment of children with hyperkinetic syndrome]".Ceska a Slovenska Psychiatrie (in Czech).92 (Suppl 1):41–57.PMID 8768943.
  5. ^Schlesser JL (1991).Drugs Available Abroad - A Guide to Therapeutic Drugs Approved Outside the US. Detroit: MEDEX Books.
  6. ^Winter E (September 1976). "[Drug abuse and dependence of the amphetamine type with special regard to Amphetaminil (Aponeuron(R))]".Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und Medizinische Psychologie (in German).28 (9):513–25.PMID 1005549.
  7. ^Dasgupta A (2 July 2012).Resolving Erroneous Reports in Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Comprehensive Guide. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 96–.ISBN 978-1-118-34785-0.
  8. ^AHC Media, LLC (17 March 2014).Pediatric Trauma Care II: A clinical reference for physicians and nurses caring for the acutely injured child. AHC Media, LLC. pp. 118–.ISBN 978-1-934863-59-6.
  9. ^Yashunskii VG, Gorkin VZ, Mashkovskii MD, Altshuler RA, Veryovkina IV, Kholodov LE (October 1971). "Synthesis and pharmacological effects of some alkyl-, aryl-, and aralkylsydnonimines".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.14 (10):1013–5.doi:10.1021/jm00292a042.PMID 5165569.
  10. ^Klosa J (August 1975). "[The stability of amphetaminil. Syntheses with amphetaminil (author's transl)]".Arzneimittel-Forschung (in German).25 (8):1252–8.PMID 1242355.
  11. ^Klosa J (1975). "[On the crystallisation of amphetaminil base into its hydrochloride salt (author's transl)]".Arzneimittel-Forschung (in German).25 (12):1863–4.PMID 1243655.
  12. ^Beyer KH, Strassner W, Klinge D. "Amphetaminil [α-(1-benzylethylamino)-α-phenylacetonitrile]".Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung.111 (19):677–680.
  13. ^Kholodov LE (1967). "Sydnones and sydnonimines. XXXV. Salts and exocyclic derivatives of some sydnonimines".Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii.3 (8):1513–1518.
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