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Amazon Neptune is a managedgraph database product published byAmazon.com. It is used as aweb service and is part ofAmazon Web Services (AWS). It was announced on November 29, 2017.[1] Amazon Neptune supports popular graph modelsproperty graph andW3C'sRDF, and their respectivequery languages Apache TinkerPop'sGremlin,[2]openCypher,[3] andSPARQL,[4] including otherAmazon Web Services products.
Amazon Neptune general availability (GA) was announced on May 30, 2018[5][6] and is currently available in 22AWS regions. Neptune isHIPAA eligible.[7] On December 12, 2018, it was announced that Amazon Neptune was in-scope forPayment Card Industry Data Security Standard, andISO compliance programs.[8]
Amazon Neptune is based onBlazegraph. Amazon acquired the Blazegraph developers and the Blazegraph open source development was essentially stopped in April 2018.[9]
| Release | Change | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0.2.2 | Engine version 1.0.2.2 | March 9, 2020 |
| 1.0.2.1 | Engine version 1.0.2.1.R4 | December 20, 2019 |
| 1.0.2.1 | Engine version 1.0.2.1.R3 | December 12, 2019 |
| 1.0.2.1 | Engine version 1.0.2.1.R2 | November 23, 2019 |
| 1.0.2.0 | Engine version 1.0.2.0.R2 | November 8, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200502.0 | October 31, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200463.0 | October 15, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200457.0 | September 19, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200369.0 | August 13, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200348.0 | July 2, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200310.0 | June 12, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200296.0 | May 1, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200267.0 | January 21, 2019 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200264.0 | November 19, 2018 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200258.0 | November 8, 2018 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200255.0 | October 29, 2018 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200237.0 | September 6, 2018 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200236.0 | July 24, 2018 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Engine version 1.0.1.0.200233.0 | June 22, 2018 |
| 1.0.1.0 | Amazon Neptune initial release | May 30, 2018 |
Amazon Neptune supports the open source Apache TinkerPopGremlin[2] graph traversal language,openCypher query language[3] for property graphs, and theW3C standardResource Description Framework's (RDF)SPARQL[4]query language. All three can be used on the same Neptune instance, and allows the user to build queries to navigate highly connecteddata sets and provides high performance for both graph models. Neptune also uses other AWS product features such as those ofAmazon S3,Amazon EC2 andAmazon CloudWatch.[11]
All Amazon Neptune databaseclusters are created and stored in anAmazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), which allows the user to isolate their database in their ownprivate network. Using Neptune's VPC configuration, the user can configurefirewall settings to their needs in order to control network access to database instances. Amazon Neptune is integrated with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), which allows the user to create AWS IAM groups and control the actions that the groups and other AWS IAM users can do. Neptune allows the user toencrypt databases using keys created through AWS Key Management Service (KMS). A database instance running with Neptune Encryption, encrypts all of the stored data,backups,snapshots and replicas in the same cluster. Amazon Neptune allows the user to useHTTPS to encrypt data during its transfer to and from clients or Neptune service endpoints usingTransport Layer Security (TLS).[12]
The data is stored in a cluster volume, a virtual volume utilizingSSD drives. These sizes of these volumes are dynamic, they increase depending how much data is stored in the database, with a maximum of 64 TB. The Amazon NeptuneSLA policy is designed to offer a monthly uptime percentage greater that of 99.9%, increasing database performance and availability by integrating the engine with a virtual storage based on SSD drives, that are specially made for database workloads. Neptune maintains copies of the user's data in multiple Availability Zones. In case of failures, Neptune automatically detects any failed segments in a disk volume and repairs them.[13]
Neptune is now generally available in theUS East (N. Virginia),US East (Ohio),US West (Oregon), US West (N. California),Canada (Central),[14] AWS GovCloud (US-West),[15] AWS GovCloud (US-East),[16]Europe (Ireland),Europe (London),[17]Europe (Frankfurt),[18]Europe (Stockholm),[19]Europe (Paris),[20] South America (São Paulo),Asia Pacific (Singapore),[21]Asia Pacific (Sydney),[22]Asia Pacific (Tokyo),[23]Asia Pacific (Mumbai),[24]Asia Pacific (Seoul),[25] Asia Pacific (Hong Kong),China (Ningxia), China (Beijing), Operated by NWCD,[26] andMiddle-East (Bahrain)[27] AWS regions.
Pricing is determined by AWS regions, with each region having different prices for the available services.
On-Demand Instance Pricing lets the user pay only for what instance they use by the hour instead of a fixed sum. The price also differs depending on the instance class. Similarly, the user only pays for the storage consumed by the database, with no payments in advance. The price is based on the storage rate andI/O rate, which are billed in GB per month and per million request increments respectively. This pricing model is beneficial to short-term and small-scale projects and is available in all AWS regions. The price for backup storage is also billed in per GB-month increments albeit at different rates. Data Transfer is priced in per GB increments, the amount depends on whether the data is transferred in or out of Amazon Neptune and how much data is transferred per month (TB per Month).[28]
On September 12, 2018, it was announced that Neptune achievedHIPAA eligibility[7] enabling it to process data sets containing protected health information (PHI). On December 12, 2018, it was announced that Amazon Neptune was in-scope forPayment Card Industry Data Security Standard,ISO 9001,ISO 27001,ISO 27017, andISO 27018 compliance programs.[8] The user can use Amazon Neptune in applications that are subject to PCI compliance or requireISO certification.[29] On May 17, 2019, it was announced that Neptune achievedSSAE 16 eligibility[30]
Neptune powers graph use cases such asrecommendation engines,fraud detection,knowledge graphs, drug discovery,network security, andsocial networking.[31]
Some notable customers of Amazon Neptune include,Samsung Electronics,Pearson,Intuit,Siemens,AstraZeneca,FINRA, LifeOmic, Blackfynn, andAmazon Alexa[32]
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