Al-Mansur al-Qasim (November 13, 1559 – February 19, 1620), with the cognomenal-Kabir (the Great), was anImam ofYemen, who commenced the struggle to liberate Yemen from theOttoman occupiers. He was the founder of aZaidi kingdom that endured, under many vicissitudes, until 1970.

Al-Qasim bin Muhammad was a fourteenth-generation descendant of the imamad-Da'i Yusuf (d. 1012).^[1] His father supported the imam al-Mutahhar (d. 1572), who fought the encroaching Ottomans with partial success but who was finally defeated in 1569–1570. Al-Qasim was a religious teacher at the Dawudmosque inSan'a at a time when the Ottoman grip on Yemen was severely felt. The Turks promoted theSunni legal tradition ofHanafi, at the expense of theZaydiyyah which dominated in the highlands of Yemen. One of al-Qasim's pupils suggested him to claim the Zaidiimamate, which he first declined. The suspicions of the Turks were however raised, and al-Qasim fled San'a, finally setting forth his claim (da'wah) to the imamate in Hajur in the north-west in September 1597.^[2]

In his theological thinking al-Mansur al-Qasim upheld theShia foundations ofZaydiyyah by stressing the eighth-centuryJarudi position to theimamate which considered the first twocaliphs as usurpers. He emphasized the differences between Zaydiyyah and theMu'tazila school of theology, which laid stress on reason and rational thought, whereas some previous Yemeni imams had noted the similarities. He argued that the early imams had limited their prescriptions to what could be traced to reason, the unambiguousQur'an text, and the generally acceptedSunnah. These imams, he argued, did not follow the Mu'tazila in their speculations and fantasies. Al-Mansur al-Qasim was also hostile toSufism, one reason being that the Sufi orders supported the Ottoman occupants. He branded the Sufis as heretics and likened them toIsmailites, traditional enemies of the Zaidis.^[3]

Although supported by the Ahnumi tribesmen, al-Qasim's first years of struggle were difficult. Strong action by the Ottoman forces reduced the imam to despair by 1604. Then, however, theemir of the important strongholdHajjah in the western mountains chose to support al-Qasim. From this point the forces of the imamate held the initiative. In 1607 the Ottoman governor Sinan made an agreement with al-Qasim, where the latter was granted possession of the areas in the northern highlands which he had subdued. Infighting among the Turkish administrators in 1613 left the north of the country exposed to the forces of the imam, and the important citySa'dah fell in 1617. Two years later a new truce was concluded that confirmed the expanded realm of al-Qasim. By this time he controlled the entire area betweenSana'a and Sa'dah. When he died in 1620, the city of San'a and the coastal regionTihamah were still in Ottoman hands. It was left to his son and successoral-Mu'ayyad Muhammad (r. 1620–1644) to expel them entirely. By this time the Yemenis possessed firearms which, together with the poor quality of local Ottoman soldiery and strong local discontent with taxation, ensured military successes against the occupiers. Although the Zaidi imamate is not strictly speaking hereditary, but depends on the qualifications andSayyid ancestry of the claimant, al-Mansur al-Qasim actually founded a dynasty, known after him as theQasimids.^[4]

• History of Yemen
• Imams of Yemen
• Rassids
• Emirate of Beihan

• Robert W. Stookey,Yemen; The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic. Boulder 1978.
• R. L. Playfair,A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen. Bombay 1859.
• Michel Tuchscherer, 'Chronologie du Yémen (1506-1635)',Chroniques yémenites 8 2000,http://cy.revues.org/11

• Zaydi imams of Yemen
• 16th-century Yemeni people
• 17th-century Yemeni people
• 1620 deaths
• 1559 births
• 16th-century Arab people
• 17th-century Arab people

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata