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TheActs of Paul is one of the major works and earliestpseudepigraphal series from theNew Testament apocrypha also known asApocryphal Acts. This work is part of a body of literature either about or purporting to be written byPaul the Apostle, including letters, narratives, prayers, and apocalypses. An approximate date given to the Acts of Paul is 100-160 AD.[1] The Acts of Paul were first mentioned byTertullian, who deemed the work to be heretical. He mentioned that the writings "wrongly go under Paul's name" and was "augmenting Paul's fame from his own store".[2] Eusebius wrote that, unlike other writings which were classified asantilegomena in some instances, the Acts of Paul were always classified among the disputed.[3] The Acts of Paul may have been considered orthodox byHippolytus of Rome but were eventually regarded as heretical when theManichaeans started using the texts. The author of the Acts of Paul is unknown, but probably came from a Christian community inAsia Minor that revered Paul. The work does not use the canonicalActs of the Apostles as a source; instead it relies on oral traditions of Paul's missionary work. The text is primarily known from Greek manuscripts.[4] The discovery of aCoptic language version of the text demonstrated that the text was composed of:
All of these constituent parts were often considered worth treating as separate texts and frequently appeared independently, leading to speculation that the Acts of Paul may have been compiling disparate stories into one work, although other parts scholars believe to be original to the Acts of Paul. Besides the three main sections mentioned above, the remainder of the Acts of Paul exist only in fragments from the 3rd and 5th centuries:
The texts are a coherent whole and are generally thought to have been written by one author using oral traditions, rather than basing it on any of the other apocrypha or the orthodox canon. The main emphasis of the text is on chastity and anti-Gnosticism. According to Tertullian, the author was a priest in Asia Minor. Tertullian mentions that after the priest wrote the work adding his own ideas to Paul's fame, the priest was "convicted" and "was removed from his office".[2]
The Acts of Paul — which was declared to beantilegomena byEusebius in hisChurch History — consists of narratives depicting Paul's preaching and other activities, such as theActs of Paul and Thecla,Paul's Correspondence With the Corinthians, and theMartyrdom of the Holy Apostle Paul.
Paul's Correspondence With the Corinthians was written roughly a century after the death of Paul, with the intention of correcting perceived misinterpretations of Paul's first and second epistles, as well as to counter certain Gnostic teachings. This work consists of two letters. The first letter is the Epistle of the Corinthians to Paul, in which the author tells the story of how twopresbyters had come to Corinth, preaching "pernicious words". Specifically, they claimed that God is not almighty, there is no resurrection of the body, man was not created by God, Christ had not come in the flesh, nor was he born of Mary, and the world was created not by God but rather by angels. The second letter is Paul's response to the first. In this letter, the author repudiates all of the claims made by the two presbyters.[5]
The Martyrdom of the Holy Apostle Paul tells the story of Paul's last days in Rome. Upon learning that Paul had resurrected a young man who had died after falling from a parapet,Nero became fearful that the Roman Empire might be overthrown by the Christians. This was the event that precipitated theNeronian persecution of Christians in general, as well as the specific order to behead Paul. According to this work, when Paul was beheaded, milk — rather than blood — spurted from his neck.[6][7]
Richard J. Bauckham argues that the author of the Acts of Paul drew directly from2 Timothy in addition to 1 and 2 Corinthians to write a sequel to the Acts of the Apostles based on their understanding of Paul’s final years.[8]
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)And turning toward the east, Paul lifted up his hands to heaven and prayed much; and after having conversed in Hebrew with the fathers during prayer, he bent his neck, without speaking any more. When the lictor cut off his head, milk splashed on the dress of the soldier. And the soldier, and all who stood near by, were astonished at this sight and glorified God, who had thus honored Paul. And they went away and reported everything to Caesar.
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The full text ofActs of Paul at Wikisource, translation and commentary byM. R. James in the 1924 bookThe Apocryphal New Testament| International | |
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