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The Shensi fir is a straight-stemmed,evergreen tree, which can reach heights of up to 50 m (160 ft) and can have adiameter at breast height of up to 250 cm (98 in). Young trees' bark is smooth and light gray, developing longitudinal fissures as the tree ages.
The twigs are yellow-gray to yellow-brown and shining. Vegetative buds are ovoid to conic, 10 x 6 mm or more on some primary branches. The leaves are two-ranked, dark green, and 15-48 x 2.5-3 mm. They are linear and flattened, twisted at the base and grooved above. Leaf stomata ore located in two wide bands on either side of the midvein.
Pollen is produced in lateral male cones up to 10 mm long. Female (seed) cones are green, maturing to brown, cylindric to cylindric-ovate, 7-10 x 3-4 cm long, and borne on a short peduncle.[3]
The tallest measured specimen is 83.4 m (274 ft), with acircumference of 2.07 m (6 ft 9 in) and belongs to the varietyA. chensiensis var.salouenensis. It was discovered in 2022 in a largeprimeval forest at about 2,300 m (7,500 ft) altitude. It is located inZayü County, Nyingchi Prefecture,Tibet Autonomous Region,China.[4]
The natural distribution of the Shensi fir is roughly bounded to the north by the Chinese provinces ofShaanxi andGansu, and to the south by theYunnan province. It most commonly grows in heights of 2,300–3,000 metres (7,500–9,800 ft) elevation, occasionally as low as 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) or as high as 3,500 metres (11,500 ft), in regions with an annual precipitation between 1000 and 2000 mm. It is usually associated withPicea spp.,Abies fargesii var.sutchuenensis,Tsuga chinensis, andLarix potaninii at high altitudes, and at loweraltitudes it associates withBetula spp.[7] There is also at least one pure forest ofAbies chensiensis inTsin-ling Shan.[8]
^Farjon, Aljos (1990).Pinaceae: drawings and descriptions of the genera Abies, Cedrus, Pseudolarix, Keteleeria, Nothotsuga, Tsuga, Cathaya, Pseudotsuga, Larix and Picea. Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books.
