The1991 Nobel Prizes were awarded by theNobel Foundation, based inSweden. Six categories were awarded:Physics,Chemistry,Physiology or Medicine,Literature,Peace, andEconomic Sciences.[1]
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007) |  French | "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular toliquid crystals andpolymers" | [2] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Richard R. Ernst (1933–2021) |  Swiss | "for his contributions to the development of the methodology ofhigh resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" | [3] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Erwin Neher (b. 1944) |  Germany | "for their discoveries concerning the function of singleion channels in cells" | [4] |
 | Bert Sakmann (b. 1942) | |||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.JPG) | Nadine Gordimer (1923–2014) |  South Africa | "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity" | [5] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Aung San Suu Kyi (born 1945) |  Myanmar | "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights." | [6] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Ronald Coase (1910–2013) |  United Kingdom | "for his discovery and clarification of the significance oftransaction costs andproperty rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy" | [7] |