| First Census of New France | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| General information | ||||
| Country | New France,Kingdom of France | |||
| Website | statcan.gc.ca | |||
| Results | ||||
| Total population | 3,215 | |||
| Most populous | Montreal (625) | |||
| Least populous | Lauzon [fr] (13) | |||
The1666 census of New France was the firstcensus conducted inCanada (and alsoNorth America) for theKingdom of France. It was organized byJean Talon, the firstIntendant of New France, between 1665 and 1666.
Talon and theFrench Minister of the MarineJean-Baptiste Colbert had brought the colony ofNew France under direct royal control in 1663, and Colbert wished to make it the centre of theFrench colonial empire. To do this he needed to know the state of the population so that the economic and industrial basis of the colony could be expanded. The next New France census was in 1667.[1]
Jean-Talon conducted the census largely by himself, travelling door-to-door among the settlements of New France. He did not includeNative American inhabitants of the colony, or the religious orders such as theJesuits orRecollets.
According to Talon's census there were 3,215 people in New France, and 538 separate families.[2] The census showed a difference in the number of men at 2,034 versus 1,181 women.[2] Children and unwedded adults were grouped together; there were 2,154 of these, while only 1,019 people were married (42 were widowed).[3]A total of 625 people lived inMontreal, the largest settlement; 547 people lived inQuebec; and 455 lived inTrois-Rivières.[3] The largest single age group, 21- to 30-year-olds, numbered 842.[3] 763 people were professionals of some kind, and 401 of these were servants, while 16 were listed as "gentlemen of means".[3]
After the 1665–1666 census the next census was conducted in 1667, a total of 36 full censuses and 9 partial censuses taken during the French regime until 1763.[4]
List of censuses.[5]
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