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Abstract

This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2revision 1 (CSS 2.1). CSS 2.1 is a style sheet languagethat allowsauthors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts and spacing) tostructured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XMLapplications). By separating the presentation style of documents fromthe content of documents, CSS 2.1 simplifies Web authoring andsite maintenance.

CSS 2.1 builds on CSS2[CSS2] which builds on CSS1[CSS1].It supports media-specific style sheets so that authors may tailor thepresentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices,printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. It also supportscontent positioning, table layout, features for internationalizationand some properties related to user interface.

CSS 2.1 corrects a few errors in CSS2 (the most importantbeing a new definition of the height/width of absolutely positionedelements, more influence for HTML's "style" attribute and a newcalculation of the 'clip' property), and adds a few highly requestedfeatures which have already been widely implemented.But most of all CSS 2.1represents a "snapshot" of CSS usage: it consists of all CSS featuresthat are implemented interoperably at the date of publication of the Recommendation.

CSS 2.1 is derived from and is intended to replace CSS2. Someparts of CSS2 are unchanged in CSS 2.1, some parts have beenaltered, and some parts removed. The removed portions may be used in afuture CSS3 specification. Future specs should refer to CSS 2.1(unless they need features from CSS2 which have been dropped inCSS 2.1, and then they should only reference CSS2 for thosefeatures, or preferably reference such feature(s) in the respectiveCSS3 Module that includes those feature(s)).

Status of this document

This section describes the status of this document at the timeof its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. Alist of current W3C publications and the latest revision of thistechnical report can be found in theW3C technical reports index athttp://www.w3.org/TR/.

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by softwaredevelopers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and isendorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stabledocument and may be used as reference material or cited from anotherdocument. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionto the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. Thisenhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.

The (archived)public mailing listwww-style@w3.org (seeinstructions) is preferredfor discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please putthe text “CSS21” in the subject, preferably likethis: “[CSS21]…summary ofcomment…”

This document was produced by theCSS Working Group (partof theStyle Activity).

This document was produced by a group operating underthe5 February 2004 W3CPatent Policy. W3C maintains apublic list of anypatent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of thegroup; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which theindividual believescontainsEssentialClaim(s) must disclose the information in accordancewithsection 6 ofthe W3C Patent Policy.

The Working Group has created atestsuite andanimplementationreport.

All changes since the previous Working Draft, the previousCandidate Recommendation and the previous Recommendation are listedinappendix C.