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W3CREC-html40-19980424

HTML 4.0 Specification

W3C Recommendation, revised on24-Apr-1998

This version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424
Latest version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40-971218
Editors:
Dave Raggett <dsr@w3.org>
Arnaud Le Hors <lehors@w3.org>
Ian Jacobs <ij@w3.org>

Abstract

This specification defines the HyperText Markup Language (HTML),version 4.0, the publishing language of the World Wide Web. In additionto the text, multimedia, and hyperlink features of the previous versionsof HTML, HTML 4.0 supports more multimedia options, scripting languages,style sheets, better printing facilities, and documents that are moreaccessible to users with disabilities. HTML 4.0 also takes great stridestowards the internationalization of documents, with the goal of makingthe Web truly World Wide.

HTML 4.0 is an SGML application conforming to InternationalStandard ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language[ISO8879].

Status of this document

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interestedparties and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3CRecommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as referencematerial or cited as a normative reference from anotherdocument. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionto the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. Thisenhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.

W3C recommends that user agents and authors (and in particular,authoring tools) produce HTML 4.0 documents rather than HTML 3.2documents (see[HTML32]).For reasons of backwards compatibility, W3C also recommends that toolsinterpreting HTML 4.0 continue to support HTML 3.2 and HTML 2.0 aswell.

A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documentscan be found athttp://www.w3.org/TR.

Public discussion on HTML features takes place onwww-html@w3.org.

This document is a revised version of the document first released on18 December 1997.Changes from theoriginal version are only editorial in nature.

Available formats

The HTML 4.0 W3C Recommendation is also available in thefollowing formats:

A plain text file:
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/html40.txt(735Kb),
A gzip'ed tar file containing HTML documents:
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/html40.tgz(357Kb),
A zip file containing HTML documents(this is a '.zip' file not an '.exe'):
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/html40.zip(389Kb),
A gzip'ed Postscript file:
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/html40.ps.gz(600Kb, 367 pages),
A PDF file:
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/html40.pdf(2.1Mb) file.

In case of a discrepancy between electronic and printed forms ofthe specification, the electronic version is the definitive version.

Available languages

The English version of this specification is the only normativeversion. However, for translations of this document, seehttp://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html40-updates/translations.html.

Errata

The list of known errors in this specification is available at:
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html40-updates/REC-html40-19980424-errata.html

Please report errors in this document towww-html-editor@w3.org.

Table of Contents

  1. About the HTML 4.0 Specification
    1. How the specification is organized
    2. Document conventions
      1. Elements and attributes
      2. Notes and examples
    3. Acknowledgments
    4. Copyright Notice
  2. Introduction to HTML 4.0
    1. What is the World Wide Web?
      1. Introduction to URIs
      2. Fragment identifiers
      3. Relative URIs
    2. What is HTML?
      1. A brief history of HTML
    3. HTML 4.0
      1. Internationalization
      2. Accessibility
      3. Tables
      4. Compound documents
      5. Style sheets
      6. Scripting
      7. Printing
    4. Authoring documents with HTML 4.0
      1. Separate structure and presentation
      2. Consider universal accessibility to the Web
      3. Help user agents with incremental rendering
  3. On SGML and HTML
    1. Introduction to SGML
    2. SGML constructs used in HTML
      1. Elements
      2. Attributes
      3. Character references
      4. Comments
    3. How to read the HTML DTD
      1. DTD Comments
      2. Parameter entity definitions
      3. Element declarations
      4. Attribute declarations
  4. Conformance: requirementsand recommendations
    1. Definitions
    2. SGML
    3. The text/html content type
  5. HTML Document Representation- Character sets, character encodings, and entities
    1. The Document Character Set
    2. Character encodings
      1. Choosing an encoding
      2. Specifying the character encoding
    3. Character references
      1. Numeric character references
      2. Character entity references
    4. Undisplayable characters
  6. Basic HTML data types- Character data, colors, lengths, URIs, content types, etc.
    1. Case information
    2. SGML basic types
    3. Text strings
    4. URIs
    5. Colors
      1. Notes on using colors
    6. Lengths
    7. Content types (MIME types)
    8. Language codes
    9. Character encodings
    10. Single characters
    11. Dates and times
    12. Link types
    13. Media descriptors
    14. Script data
    15. Style sheet data
    16. Frame target names
  7. The global structure of an HTML document- The HEAD and BODY of a document
    1. Introduction to the structure of an HTML document
    2. HTML version information
    3. TheHTML element
    4. The document head
      1. TheHEAD element
      2. TheTITLEelement
      3. Thetitle attribute
      4. Meta data
    5. The document body
      1. TheBODY element
      2. Element identifiers: theidandclass attributes
      3. Block-level and inline elements
      4. Grouping elements: theDIV andSPAN elements
      5. Headings: TheH1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 elements
      6. TheADDRESSelement
  8. Language information and text direction-International considerations for text
    1. Specifying the language of content: thelang attribute
      1. Language codes
      2. Inheritance of language codes
      3. Interpretation of language codes
    2. Specifying the direction of text and tables: thedir attribute
      1. Introduction to thebidirectional algorithm
      2. Inheritance of text directioninformation
      3. Setting the direction of embedded text
      4. Overriding the bidirectional algorithm: theBDO element
      5. Character references for directionality and joiningcontrol
      6. Theeffect of style sheets on bidirectionality
  9. Text- Paragraphs, Lines, and Phrases
    1. Whitespace
    2. Structured text
      1. Phrase elements:EM,STRONG,DFN,CODE,SAMP,KBD,VAR,CITE,ABBR, andACRONYM
      2. Quotations: TheBLOCKQUOTE andQelements
      3. Subscripts and superscripts: theSUB andSUP elements
    3. Lines and Paragraphs
      1. Paragraphs: theP element
      2. Controlling line breaks
      3. Hyphenation
      4. Preformatted text: ThePRE element
      5. Visual rendering of paragraphs
    4. Marking document changes: The INS and DEL elements
  10. Lists- Unordered, Ordered, and Definition Lists
    1. Introduction to lists
    2. Unordered lists (UL),ordered lists (OL), and list items (LI)
    3. Definition lists: theDL,DT,andDD elements
      1. Visualrendering of lists
    4. TheDIR andMENU elements
  11. Tables
    1. Introduction to tables
    2. Elements for constructing tables
      1. TheTABLEelement
      2. Table Captions: TheCAPTION element
      3. Row groups: theTHEAD,TFOOT, andTBODY elements
      4. Column groups: theCOLGROUP andCOL elements
      5. Table rows: TheTR element
      6. Table cells: TheTH andTD elements
    3. Table formatting by visual useragents
      1. Borders and rules
      2. Horizontaland vertical alignment
      3. Cell margins
    4. Table rendering by non-visual useragents
      1. Associating header information with datacells
      2. Categorizing cells
      3. Algorithm to find heading information
    5. Sample table
  12. Links- Hypertext and Media-Independent Links
    1. Introduction to links and anchors
      1. Visiting a linked resource
      2. Other link relationships
      3. Specifying anchors and links
      4. Link titles
      5. Internationalization and links
    2. TheA element
      1. Syntax of anchor names
      2. Nested links are illegal
      3. Anchors with theidattribute
      4. Unavailable and unidentifiable resources
    3. Document relationships: theLINK element
      1. Forward and reverse links
      2. Links andexternal style sheets
      3. Links and search engines
    4. Path information: theBASE element
      1. Resolving relativeURIs
  13. Objects, Images, and Applets
    1. Introduction to objects, images, and applets
    2. Including an image: theIMG element
    3. Generic inclusion: theOBJECT element
      1. Rules for rendering objects
      2. Object initialization: thePARAM element
      3. Global naming schemes for objects
      4. Object declarations andinstantiations
    4. Including an applet: theAPPLET element
    5. Notes on embedded documents
    6. Image maps
      1. Client-side image maps:theMAPandAREAelements
      2. Server-side image maps
    7. Visual presentationof images, objects, and applets
      1. Width andheight
      2. White space around images and objects
      3. Borders
      4. Alignment
    8. How to specify alternate text
  14. Style Sheets- Adding style to HTML documents
    1. Introduction to style sheets
    2. Adding style to HTML
      1. Setting the default style sheetlanguage
      2. Inline style information
      3. Header style information: theSTYLE element
      4. Mediatypes
    3. External style sheets
      1. Preferred and alternate style sheets
      2. Specifying external stylesheets
    4. Cascading style sheets
      1. Media-dependent cascades
      2. Inheritance and cascading
    5. Hidingstyle data from user agents
    6. Linking to style sheets with HTTP headers
  15. Alignment, font styles, and horizontal rules
    1. Formatting
      1. Background color
      2. Alignment
      3. Floating objects
    2. Fonts
      1. Font style elements: theTT,I,B,BIG,SMALL,STRIKE,S, andU elements
      2. Font modifier elements:FONT andBASEFONT
    3. Rules: theHRelement
  16. Frames- Multi-view presentation of documents
    1. Introduction to frames
    2. Layout of frames
      1. TheFRAMESET element
      2. TheFRAMEelement
    3. Specifying target frameinformation
      1. Settingthe default target for links
      2. Target semantics
    4. Alternate content
      1. TheNOFRAMESelement
      2. Long descriptions of frames
    5. Inline frames: theIFRAME element
  17. Forms- User-input Forms:Text Fields, Buttons, Menus, and more
    1. Introduction to forms
    2. Controls
      1. Control types
    3. TheFORM element
    4. TheINPUT element
      1. Control types created with INPUT
      2. Examples of forms containing INPUT controls
    5. TheBUTTON element
    6. TheSELECT,OPTGROUP,andOPTION elements
      1. Preselected options
    7. TheTEXTAREAelement
    8. TheISINDEXelement
    9. Labels
      1. TheLABEL element
    10. Adding structure to forms:theFIELDSETandLEGENDelements
    11. Giving focus to an element
      1. Tabbing navigation
      2. Accesskeys
    12. Disabled and read-only controls
      1. Disabled controls
      2. Read-only controls
    13. Form submission
      1. Form submission method
      2. Successful controls
      3. Processing form data
      4. Form content types
  18. Scripts-Animated Documents andSmart Forms
    1. Introduction to scripts
    2. Designing documents for user agents that support scripting
      1. TheSCRIPTelement
      2. Specifying the scripting language
      3. Intrinsic events
      4. Dynamic modification ofdocuments
    3. Designing documents for user agents that don't supportscripting
      1. TheNOSCRIPT element
      2. Hiding script data from user agents
  19. SGML reference information for HTML- Formaldefinition of HTML and validation
    1. DocumentValidation
    2. Sample SGML catalog
  20. SGML Declaration of HTML 4.0
    1. SGML Declaration
  21. Document Type Definition
  22. Transitional Document TypeDefinition
  23. Frameset Document Type Definition
  24. Character entity references inHTML 4.0
    1. Introduction to character entity references
    2. Character entity references for ISO 8859-1 characters
      1. The list of characters
    3. Character entity references for symbols, mathematical symbols,and Greek letters
      1. The list of characters
    4. Character entity references for markup-significantand internationalization characters
      1. The list of characters
  1. Changes
    1. Changes between HTML 3.2 and HTML 4.0
      1. Changes to elements
      2. Changes to attributes
      3. Changes for accessibility
      4. Changes for meta data
      5. Changes for text
      6. Changes for links
      7. Changes for tables
      8. Changes for images, objects, and image maps
      9. Changes for forms
      10. Changes for style sheets
      11. Changes for frames
      12. Changes for scripting
      13. Changes for internationalization
    2. Changes from the 18 December 1997 specification
      1. Errors that were corrected
      2. Minor typographical errors that were corrected
  2. Performance, Implementation, and Design Notes
    1. Notes on invalid documents
    2. Special characters in URI attribute values
      1. Non-ASCII characters in URI attribute values
      2. Ampersands in URI attribute values
    3. SGML implementation notes
      1. Line breaks
      2. Specifying non-HTML data
      3. SGML features with limitedsupport
      4. Boolean attributes
      5. Marked Sections
      6. Processing Instructions
      7. Shorthand markup
    4. Notes on helping search engines index your Website
      1. Search robots
    5. Notes on tables
      1. Design rationale
      2. Recommended Layout Algorithms
    6. Notes on forms
      1. Incremental display
      2. Future projects
    7. Notes on scripting
      1. Reserved syntax for future script macros
    8. Notes on frames
    9. Notes on accessibility
    10. Notes on security
      1. Security issues for forms

Copyright  ©  1997W3C (MIT,INRIA,Keio ), All Rights Reserved.

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