Movatterモバイル変換

1.Abai Sembuak(50)WMP(Lobel 2016)

afuglime (for betel) (PAN: *qapuR)

afuyfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy

a-laatbad (PMP: *zaqat)

atudknee (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS

baa afuyember, glowing coal (PMP: *baRah)

batiscalf of the leg (PWMP: *baties)

buayocrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)

butuʔpenis (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq

daanbranch (PMP: *daqan₁) *daqan

daaʔblood (PAN: *daRaq)

duuʔhoney (PMP: *zuRuq)

faafoot (PAN: *paqa₁)

faitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC

fanuʔfull (PAN: *peNuq)

fulutsap (PMP: *pulut)

fundibanana (PAN: *punti₁)

fusodnavel (PMP: *pusej)

goŋgomfist (PAN: *gemgem)

kanuyeagle (NEAR)

kəm-ina-naunt (PWMP: *kam-ina-en) *ina

Abai Sembuak (20 / 50)

ko2sg nominative pronoun, short form (long form =oko) (PMP: *ka₄)

kulatmushroom (PMP: *kulat₂) *kulaC

layoginger (PMP: *laqia)

l<əm>idiʔto boil water (PMP: *diqdiq)

lifagopposite bank (PWMP: *di hipaR) *SipaR

liogneck (PAN: *liqeR)

lomokfat, obese (PMP: *lemek₂)

luaŋhole (PMP: *lubaŋ₁)

lumutmoss (PMP: *lumut)

ma-ayobig (PAN: *Raya)

manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)

matoŋarrive (PWMP: *d<um>ateŋ) *dateŋ

mbiliʔto choose (PAN: *piliq)

mutulbroken (as a bone) (PMP: *putul) *putun

nakodto climb (a tree) (PWMP: *taked₂)

namukmosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)

ŋə-loboŋto bury (PAN: *lebeŋ₁)

ŋgamaŋto crawl (PWMP: *kamaŋ)

owoyrattan (PAN: *quay)

paladpalm of hand (PMP: *palaj₁)

Abai Sembuak (40 / 50)

səbu-anbladder (PAN: *sebu)

siapchick (PAN: *siap)

talirope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS

timugriver (PMP: *timuR)

titiʔbreast (PMP: *titiq)

tukadladder (PWMP: *tukad₁)

tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)

tumidheel (PWMP: *tumid)

ufohen (PMP: *qupa)

utokbrain (PMP: *hutek)

2.Abaknon(27)WMP(Jacobson 1999)[abx] (Inabaknon)Philippines[aka: Inabaknon]

agakto take care of, to rear (PMP: *aRak)

allorice pestle (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu

alonwave; current (PMP: *qalun)

ampugrandchild (PMP: *ampu) *apu

antaʔeat something raw (PAN: *qataq)

apolime (PAN: *qapuR)

asaŋgills (PMP: *hasaŋ)

babawshoal (PWMP: *babaw₂)

bahaʔonew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh

ballito buy, purchase (PMP: *beli)

bawiwild pig (PAN: *babuy₃)

dappato measure with armspan; fathom (PAN: *depah)

dawagrain like wheat (PAN: *zawa₂)

impontooth (PMP: *ipen)

iŋkotail (PAN: *ikuR)

kawaytentacle (PMP: *kaway₂)

lahaʔblood (PAN: *daRaq)

lahito run, run away; elope (PAN: *laRiw)

lalomdeep (PMP: *dalem)

lammokfat, stout, obese; greasy (PMP: *lemek₂)

Abaknon (20 / 27)

lutawto float (PWMP: *lutaw)

mayand (PMP: *mai)

pahistingray (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS

pannosea turtle (PMP: *peñu)

pannoʔfull (of a container); filled (PAN: *peNuq)

passaʔto break (brittle objects) (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq

pumponto gather; to store; to heap up (PWMP: *punpun)

3.Aborlan Tagbanwa(48)WMP(Reid 1971)[tbw] (Tagbanwa)Philippines

abakaabaca, Manila hemp (PPh: *abaká)

aku1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)

amak-anreed mat used to dry rice (PWMP: *amak)

amen1pl ex oblique (PAN: *amen)

a-nuwhatchamacallit (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

aten1pl in oblique (Jason Lobel p.c.) (PMP: *aten) *iten

babuywild pig (PAN: *babuy₃)

bayuʔuturtle (NEAR)

baʔbaʔmouth (PMP: *baqbaq)

bekenother, different (PWMP: *beken)

bɨtɨŋabdomen (PWMP: *beteŋ₂) *beteŋ₁

geneghear, listen (ROOT)

ikamɨnwoven mat, used for sleeping (PPh: *ikamen)

ikɨdcough (PWMP: *ikej)

ilap-ilapto slice thin (as meat) (PPH: *hilap₃) *hilap

ɨŋganot (PWMP: *eŋga)

itithat (3p remote) (PAN: *i-ti) *ti

ituthat (2p) (PAN: *i-Cu) *-Cu

ka-gabiʔiyesterday (PMP: *ka-Rabiqi) *Rabiqi

kala-láwaʔspider (PWMP: *kala-lawaʔ) *lawaq₂

Aborlan Tagbanwa (20 / 48)

kami1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami

kamu2pl. nominative, you all (PMP: *kamu₂) *amu

kunumcloud (PWMP: *kunem)

laʔlurice pestle (PWMP: *laq(e)lu)

lundayoutrigger canoe (PPH: *lunday)

ma-agsemsour (PWMP: *ma-qaRsem) *qaRsem

ma-baŋlufragrant (PPH: *ma-baŋ(e)luh) *baŋ(e)lúh

ma-baŋlufragrant (PPH: *ma-baŋ(e)luh) *baŋ(e)lúh

ma-luʔnawgreen (PPH: *luh(e)naw)

manu-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk

m-ina-nMZ, FZ (PWMP: *kam-ina-en) *ina

munuŋlip (PWMP: *munuŋ)

nipɨntooth (PAN: *nipen)

nutnutsuck weakly (PWMP: *ñutñut)

padɨkhusk of rice (PWMP: *padek)

pilata healed-over scar (PWMP: *pilat)

puntibanana (PAN: *punti₁)

sa-ŋ-puluten (PMP: *ŋa)

siamnine (PPH: *siám)

s-inihere (PWMP: *si-ni) *-ni

Aborlan Tagbanwa (40 / 48)

s-ituthere (2p) (PWMP: *si-tu) *-Cu

sukato vomit (PPH: *suka₂)

sukayto delouse (PPH: *sukáy)

tagaynīpdream (PPh: *taRa-qinép) *qinep

tubagto answer (PPH: *tubaR)

tuʔlaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)

tuʔugdry (not wet) (PMP: *tuquR)

waʔwaʔchild (youth) (NOISE)

4.Acehnese(363)WMP(Kreemer 1931)[ace] (Aceh)Indonesia (Sumatra)[aka: Achinese]

abōʔmould, dust, grit, sawdust, scrapings (PMP: *qabuk)

aducompete (PWMP: *adu)

agaihsmall gnat or mosquito (LOAN)

agamareligion (LOAN)

alaŋtoo short, too little, insufficient, inadequate (PWMP: *alaŋ-alaŋ₁) *alaŋ-alaŋ

aluëbrook, small river, tributary stream (PMP: *qaluR₂) *qaluR

ampōnpardon, forgiveness; apology; remission, absolution (PMP: *ampun)

ampōŋfloat of a fishing net, buoy (PMP: *apuŋ)

aneuʔ busuarrow (PMP: *busuR₂)

anɨʔchild; young shoot; pit, stone, kernel, seed; constituent part of something (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anɨʔ bɨdébullet (PMP: *anak i sumpit) *aNak

anɨʔ daramarriageable girl (PWMP: *anak daRa) *aNak

anɨʔ daramarriageable girl (PMP: *daRa₂)

anɨʔ gɨntaclapper of a bell (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anɨʔ gɨtuëŋadopted child (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anɨʔ matapupil of the eye (PMP: *anak i mata) *aNak

anɨʔ matapupil of the eye (‘child of the eye’) (PMP: *anak nu mata) *maCa

anɨʔ pisaŋyoung banana shoots (PMP: *anak i kahiw) *aNak

anɨʔ reunjeunrung of a ladder (PWMP: *anak i haRezan) *aNak

anɨʔ titclitoris (PMP: *anak) *aNak

Acehnese (20 / 363)

anɨʔ ulèë barafirstborn child (PMP: *anak a qulu) *aNak

anɨʔ uystepchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak

a-nòwhatchamacallit, a certain, someone, something that one does not want to, or cannot name (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

ansagoose (LOAN)

antatescort, accompany, convey, bring, transfer (PMP: *hateD) *SateD

aŋènwind, draft; also substitute term fortaʔeun 'epidemic' (PMP: *haŋin)

aŋèn-aŋèncharm consisting of a bit of paper with something written on it which is waved over the fire to compel a thief to return something stolen (PMP: *haŋin)

aŋkatlift, raise, pick or take up (PWMP: *aŋkat)

apiunopium (LOAN)

apōŋfloating on the water, light in weight (PMP: *apuŋ)

apuyfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy

asahope; trust; expectation (LOAN)

asabsmoke, soot, steam (PAN: *qaseb)

asahwhet, sharpen, file off (teeth) (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq

asamsour, tart, acid; make something sour; smear with citrus juice (as the blade of a weapon to make it shine); also name of various citrus fruits (PWMP: *qalesem)

asayorigin, provenance; provided that (LOAN)

aséëdog (PAN: *asu₁)

asèë pu-buruhunting dog (PAN: *buRaw)

asòëcontents, load, flesh (living or dead, but not slaughtered; also the flesh of fruits (PWMP: *asi₁)

asòë naŋgròëthe peopling of the land (PWMP: *asi₁)

Acehnese (40 / 363)

ateuëhup, above; high (PMP: *atas) *aCas

ateuëŋdyke in a wet ricefield (PWMP: *ataŋ₁)

awancloud (PWMP: *hawan)

awaʔbody; person; crew (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak

awerattan (PWMP: *away₄)

aya-hfather (PMP: *aya₂)

ayōncradle (generally an oblong basket of plaited rattan filled with cushions) (PWMP: *hayun)

bagofësort, kind, manner; just like, identical to (LOAN)

baléʔturned over or around (PMP: *balik₂)

baluytake revenge; restore or replace after a loss (PMP: *baliw₄) *baliw₁

bambaŋred, yellow, jaundiced (PWMP: *baŋbaŋ₈)

bambaŋ, baŋbaŋbutterfly (PMP: *baŋbaŋ₂)

ban-duaboth (PMP: *duha) *duSa

banieplank-like outgrowth under the branches of some trees (NOISE)

baŋkécorpse, cadaver (of a non-Muslim or animal) (PWMP: *baŋkay)

baŋònform, shape, figure, posture, build, figure (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN

barahorizontal tie-beams in a house (PMP: *bara₂)

baraŋordinary, everyday; gives a general sense to: whoever, whichever (PMP: *baraŋ₁) *baraŋ

baratwest, westerly (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat

barōnew; just, just now; first (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh

Acehnese (60 / 363)

baròëyesterday (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh

basahwet, damp (PMP: *baseq)

bateəstone, rock, boulder; net sinkers (PMP: *batu) *batux

bayeuëpay, satisfy (in monetary terms) (PMP: *bayaD)

baʔtree, trunk, stem, stalk (NOISE)

besiiron (LOAN)

beudaʔwhitener, ointment (rubbed into the body of a sick person as medicine (LOAN)

beudéweapon, gun (LOAN)

beukahbreak, break through; broken; piece; broken off; to disperse, of a meeting (PMP: *bekaq)

beukaïhtrace, footprint; impression left behind, remains (PMP: *bekas₃)

beukayprovisions for a journey, supplies (PWMP: *bekel)

beunato rise, of the tide (PMP: *bena)

beunatrue, genuine, real, essential, certain, precise, good, upright, honest, fair (PMP: *bener)

beundaobject, thing, matter, affair, visible evidence, visible sign (LOAN)

beuneuŋthread, yarn (PWMP: *benaŋ)

beuŋèhangry, furious, malicious, bad-natured (PMP: *beŋis₁)

beureukaïhbunch, sheaf, bundle; tie into a bundle (PMP: *beRkes)

beureukat, beurkatblessing, salvation; blessed, prosperous (LOAN)

beureutéhburst open, rice that has popped while being roasted (PWMP: *beRtiq)

beutéhshinbone, the leg bone below the knee (PAN: *beties)

Acehnese (80 / 363)

biasaordinary, customary, in the habit of; experienced, practiced (LOAN)

biayaexpenses, costs; gifts (LOAN)

bibilip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR

bibi mataeyelid (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR

bibi pukòëlabia of the vulva (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR

bicaraadvice, counsel; deliberation, discussion; consultation; opinion, intention; judgment (LOAN)

bidadifference, distinction (LOAN)

bidanmidwife (LOAN)

bideuëŋbroad, breadth; stretched out, spread out; unit of measure for cloth, mats, etc. (PWMP: *bidaŋ)

bideuëŋbroad, wide; width; extended, spread out (LOAN)

bidoʔkind of outrigger canoe (LOAN)

bieuëpermit, allow, let (PWMP: *bihaR)

bijéhgrain, pip, pit, seed; seedlings (LOAN)

bilathe person who in justice is the object of blood revenge (LOAN)

biléhsmall fish, kind of anchovy especially eaten dried (PWMP: *bilis)

bileuenofficial enjoined with calling the faithful to prayer, and with the upkeep of the mosque (LOAN)

bileuëŋcount, sum up, enumerate, reckon (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)

biléʔroom, apartment (PMP: *bilik)

binasadestroyed, spoilt, devastated, annihilated (LOAN)

binataŋanimal, beast; cattle (opposed tomanusia 'people') (LOAN)

Acehnese (100 / 363)

bintaŋstar; order of knighthood (LOAN)

bintaŋ lheəthe three brightly shining stars in the middle of Orion (PAN: *telu)

bintaŋ paròëa constellation, the Southern Cross (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS

bintaŋ tujōha constellation, the Pleiades (PMP: *bituqen pitu) *bituqen

biŋètpeevish, touchy, short-tempered; difficult, troublesome; malicious (of animals) (PAN: *biŋiC)

biŋkèrim, edge, border, frame (PWMP: *biŋkay)

biŋkōʔcrooked, bent, curved (PMP: *biŋkuk)

biŋóŋstupid, silly, confused, stupefied, dazed; to doze (LOAN)

biŋóŋstupid, silly, confused, stupefied, dazed; to doze (NOISE)

biraheasily hurt, hypersensitive; a type ofAlocasia (PMP: *biRaq₁)

biri-biriberi beri (disease) (LOAN)

bisapoison, venom (esp. of animals) (LOAN)

bisanthe relationship of persons whose children have intermarried (thebisan of the bride are thus the consanguineal kin of her husband) (PWMP: *baisan)

biséʔto whisper (PWMP: *bisik₃)

biulaviolin (of European manufacture) (LOAN)

blahsplit, cleave, hack; be split, cloven (PAN: *belaq)

-blaïhformative for numerals from 11-19 (LOAN)

blòëbuy (PMP: *beli)

bóbóto babble, chatter (LOAN)

bòhfruit, bud, seed, nut, button, ball, weight, importance, egg, calf of the leg, nit (louse egg), spout of a vessel, penis, male sex organs; numeral classifier; element in names of body parts; objects used in games or gambling; also used in a number of figurative expressions (PMP: *buaq)

Acehnese (120 / 363)

bòh asèëpenis of a dog; bolt of a rifle (PMP: *buaq)

bòh atéhypocoristic term, sweetheart (PWMP: *buaq qatay) *buaq

bòh beutéhcalf of the leg (PAN: *beties)

bòh beutéhcalf of the leg (PMP: *buaq ni bities) *buaq

bòh euŋkōtroe of fish (PMP: *buaq)

bòh gōŋboss of a gong; bolt of a rifle (PMP: *buaq)

bòh haleukōmAdam's apple (PMP: *buaq)

bòh kayèëfruit (PMP: *buaq ni kahiw) *buaq

bòh keumiròëoleaginous nut; also human testicles (PMP: *buaq)

bòh Klèŋlit. penis of aKliŋ (Tamil) = kind of sea cucumber (PMP: *buaq)

bòh manoʔchicken egg (PMP: *buaq)

bòh meureuyamcannon shot (PMP: *buaq)

bòh pisaŋupper arm (PMP: *buaq)

bratheavy; important; pregnant (PMP: *beReqat)

breuëhhusked rice (PMP: *beRas)

bri, beurigive, endow, present to; allow, permit (PMP: *beRay)

bubèëkind of fish trap (many named varieties) (PAN: *bubu₂)

bubōŋroof, roof covering (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)

budaʔchild, lad, boy (LOAN)

budhéenkind of preserve of small fish in brine (much eaten in Daya) (LOAN)

Acehnese (140 / 363)

budi, budi-manexhibit good behavior, sensible, wise (LOAN)

budōstupid, silly (LOAN)

buëhwild, savage; lewd (PWMP: *buas)

buëtwork, occupation, business; matter, affair, question, concern; action, way of acting; behavior, conduct, deed; suitable (PMP: *buhat₂)

buihleak, leak through an opening; flow, stream (PMP: *busbus)

bujaŋbachelor; squire, page, herald (LOAN)

bujaŋ rajathe king's herald (LOAN)

bukaopen (PMP: *buka)

buka puasabreak the fast (PMP: *buka)

bukètmountain (PAN: *bukij)

bukònno, not, not be something; isn't it? (PWMP: *buken₁) *buken

bulèëbody hair, feathers, wool, quills of a porcupine, etc. (PMP: *bulu₁)

buleuënmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN

buleuën peunòhfull moon (PAN: *peNuq)

bulōhkind of bamboo used for blowpipes, cooking vessels, bobbins, sharpened spikes in pitfall traps (PAN: *buluq₂)

bunitree sp. (PWMP: *buRnay)

buñòesound, noise, tone; rumor (PMP: *buñi)

buntéŋpregnant, with young; also used of rice when the head is on the point of appearing (LOAN)

buntoʔinflated, swollen up (PMP: *buntuʔ)

buŋa apuyfireworks (PMP: *buŋa ni hapuy) *buŋa

Acehnese (160 / 363)

buŋkaihfor something to emerge, break the surface of the water; for the day to break (PMP: *bu(ŋ)kas) *bukas

buŋkoihpackage, bale, bundle; to wrap, pack up, roll up (PWMP: *buŋkus)

buŋkoʔhump; bent, curved (as the back, or the shoulders) (PMP: *buŋkuk)

buŋòkind of tree with good wood (PAN: *buŋuR)

buŋòŋflower, blossom; flower motif (in weaving, embroidery, wood carving, ornamentation, etc.); interest on a loan (PMP: *buŋaŋ)

buŋóŋ lawaŋclove (LOAN)

buŋòŋ uroefirst rays of the rising sun (PMP: *buŋaŋ)

buŋsuyoungest child, last-born (LOAN)

buréʔspeckled (PWMP: *burik)

burōŋto accept (a job); payment of a previously stipulated salary (LOAN)

burōthernia, enlarged scrotum (LOAN)

burōthernia, enlarged scrotum (NOISE)

buruhunt, drive before one (PAN: *buRaw)

buruto hunt, go hunting (NOISE)

busōŋswelling of the stomach; sandbank (PWMP: *busuŋ)

busuarcher's bow (PMP: *busuR₂)

butablind (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa

buta tuloëblind and deaf (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa

butōhpenis, male sex organ (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq

butōh Kléŋkind of inedible black sea cucumber (lit. 'penis of a Tamil') (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq

Acehnese (180 / 363)

dadachest, breast (PWMP: *dahdah) *daSdaS

danoh darahdysentery (PAN: *daRaq)

dapukitchen, fireplace (PMP: *dapuR₁)

dapu pandésmith’s furnace (PMP: *dapuR₁)

darahblood (PAN: *daRaq)

daratland, shore (PMP: *daRat)

datu ~ datoʔ ~ toʔgrandfather, ancestor; term of address for elders; title for the guardians of traditional law on the west coast; title of animals or things that are regarded as holy or especially feared (PMP: *datu)

deupafathom (PAN: *depah)

dipreposition of location: in, to, by, on, at, out, from (PAN: *di)

diriridge post, used to support the ridge pole of a house (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi

duatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

duroethorn, spike (PMP: *duRi)

gaséŋspinning top (PWMP: *gasiŋ)

gatayitch, itchy; also restless, inconstant, desirous, lascivious (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel

geugatdecayed through dampness, etc.; moth (PWMP: *getget₁)

geunabfull, complete; even (opposite of odd) (PWMP: *genep)

habéhfinished, done, at an end (PWMP: *qabiq)

hambōstrew, sow, scatter (PWMP: *qambuR)

hampato spread out; to be spread out, as a stone that from above appears stretched out and flat (PMP: *hampaR) *SapaR

hañòtfloat away, be carried away (by a current) (PAN: *qañud)

Acehnese (200 / 363)

hantughost, evil spirit (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu

Hantu buruan evil spirit, the Spectre Huntsman (PAN: *buRaw)

hantu rimbaforest spirit (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu

haŋétodor of perspiration (PAN: *qaŋeSit)

(h)awiha tied cloth, cloth tied into a bundle (PWMP: *qawis)

(h)ayaʔsieve of plaited bamboo or metal wire; to sieve, sift (PWMP: *qayag)

hiehdecorate; ornament (LOAN)

himponcollected, gathered (PMP: *qi(m)pun)

hiramdark (of the face, through rage or shame) (PWMP: *qirem)

iboihthe gebang palm:Corypha gebanga Bl. (PWMP: *ibus₁)

idoŋnose (PMP: *ijuŋ)

iə matatears (PMP: *mata) *maCa

indahpretty (LOAN)

indaŋwooden vessel in which gold is panned (PWMP: *indaŋ)

ipōhvegetable poison (PWMP: *qipuq)

irehslice (PMP: *qiris)

iréŋwalk single-file, follow, accompany, form a procession (PMP: *iriŋ₁)

iseueŋgills (PWMP: *isaŋ)

isotshove (PMP: *isud)

kamɔə1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami

Acehnese (220 / 363)

karamsuffer an accident, sink, shipwreck (PWMP: *kaRem)

katithe outrigger floats of a canoe (PMP: *katiR)

kawanherd, flock, crowd; friend, comrade, companion, mate; follower; assistant; adherent (PWMP: *kaban₁)

kawéangling; fishing line; fishhook (PAN: *kawil₁)

kawéthook, as on clothing (PAN: *kawit)

kayeəwood, tree, stick, pole, beam (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw

kukuëtlower leg of an animal from the hoof to the ankle (PAN: *kudkud)

kulattoadstool, fungus (PMP: *kulat₂) *kulaC

kulétskin; bark; rind; hide; leather (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC

kulubreadfruit tree:Artocarpus incisa (PMP: *kuluR)

labaihcareless, without worries (NOISE)

lakòëhusband (PMP: *laki₁)

lalata fly (PMP: *lalej)

laŋian aromatic salve (PWMP: *laŋiR)

laŋkaha step, pace, stride (PMP: *laŋkaq₁)

layeuësail (PAN: *layaR)

leumah buleuënmenstruation (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN

lheəthree (PAN: *telu)

lɨbehmore, in a high degree; remainder (PMP: *lebiq)

lidah ~ dilahtongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)

Acehnese (240 / 363)

lihiëneck (PAN: *liqeR)

likōtbehind; rear part; back (anat.) (PMP: *ta-likud) *likud

lulōnspin with a spinning wheel; a roll of cleansed cotton; (PMP: *lulun) *luluN

lumpòëdream (PWMP: *lupi)

lutōŋlong-tailed monkey with gray fur (PAN: *luCuŋ)

ma-kan-anto eat; all food other than rice (PAN: *ma-kaen) *kaen

manoʔchicken, fowl; hen (PMP: *manuk)

manoʔ uteuënjungle fowl (PMP: *manuk)

m-asamsour tasting (PWMP: *ma-qalesem) *qalesem

mataeye; germ of a seed kernel; joint, articulation (of stalks like bamboo or sugarcane); gemstones, etc. (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata apuythe space above the hearth where foodstuffs are hung in the smoke to preserve them (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata ceŋmeasuring marks on a scale (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata gɨnukuteeth of a coconut rasp (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata gōŋboss on a gong (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata iəspring, well, source of a river (PMP: *mata nu wahiR) *maCa

mata itampupil of the eye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata kawethe sharp point of a fishhook (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata kayεəknot in wood (PMP: *mata nu kahiw) *maCa

mata laŋayplowshare (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata-mataa spy (PMP: *mata-mata) *maCa

Acehnese (260 / 363)

mata pukatmesh of a net (PWMP: *mata nu puket) *maCa

mata sərampaŋprongs of a harpoon (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata sikinthe blade of a knife (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata ueyeholes in a coconut shell (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata urɔəsun (‘eye of the day’) (PMP: *mata) *maCa

meu-awihcarry in a carrying cloth on the back (PWMP: *qawis)

meu-darahbleeding, bloody (PAN: *ma-daRaq) *daRaq

meu-duadivide in two, to halve (PMP: *duha) *duSa

meu-gaséŋto spin tops (PWMP: *gasiŋ)

meu-geunabto discuss or deliberate with one another (PWMP: *genep)

meu-layeuëgo on a trip, to sail, be under sail, at sea (PAN: *layaR)

meu-salahsprained (as an ankle) (PWMP: *maR-salaq) *salaq₁

meu-tanɔhowning land (PMP: *taneq)

meu-tarōhto wager, place a bet on something (PWMP: *maR-taRuq) *taRuq

meu-ʔapuyburning, sending off sparks (PWMP: *ma-hapuy) *Sapuy

mɨʔ-anɨʔgive birth (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

mu-bòhbearing fruit (PMP: *buaq)

mu-buleuën-buleuënfor months (PMP: *bulan-bulan₂) *bulaN

nibōŋpalm sp.:Oncosperma filamentosum Bl. (PMP: *qanibuŋ)

nòhsquid, cuttlefish, octopus (PMP: *nues)

Acehnese (280 / 363)

padaŋfield, plain (PWMP: *padaŋ)

pageuëfence, hedge (PMP: *pager)

pagiDay of Judgement (PWMP: *pagi)

paguattic, loft, ceiling (PWMP: *pagu)

pakufern (PWMP: *paku) *paheku

palanutmeg tree and fruit (LOAN)

palaŋanything used as a barrier: crossbeam, bolt, etc. (PMP: *palaŋ₁)

paléhunlucky (PWMP: *palis₂)

paleŋturn, swerve, avert (PMP: *paliŋ)

paleuëtpalm of the hand (PMP: *palaj₁)

palikatcheckered cloth imported from the Palikat region of India (north of Madras) (LOAN)

paloŋtrough (PWMP: *paluŋ₁)

paluhit with a stick or other object (as in striking a gong) (PMP: *palu) *palu₃

panèëspots on human skin (PMP: *panaw₁) *panaw

paŋèwild tree from the seeds of which a good cooking oil is prepared (PWMP: *paŋi)

paŋgaŋroast (meat or fish) on a spit (PWMP: *paŋgaŋ)

paŋgecall, summon (LOAN)

papeuënplank (as in a coffin or grave) (PMP: *papan)

paraattic, loft (under the ceiling) (PAN: *paRa₁)

parahorde, troop (PMP: *paRa₂)

Acehnese (300 / 363)

parohoarse (PAN: *paRaw)

paròëstingray (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS

pasaŋpair, team, spouse, partner, equal (PMP: *pasaŋ₁)

pasibeach, sand (PWMP: *pasiR)

peu-geunabto complete (PWMP: *pa-genep) *genep

peunòhfull, as a rice field full of water; laden (PAN: *peNuq)

peu-taloetie with a rope or string (PWMP: *pa-talih) *CaliS

piléhchoose (PAN: *piliq)

prahō pukatfishing boat used especially for seine fishing (PMP: *puket₁)

pu-blòësell (PMP: *pa-beli) *beli

pu-bukato open, loosen (PMP: *buka)

pukatseine, large dragnet (PMP: *puket₁)

pukɔəfemale genitals (PAN: *puki)

pukɔə ma kahyour mother’s vagina! (term of abuse) (PAN: *puki)

p<um>iléhto choose (PAN: *p<um>iliq) *piliq

pusatnavel, mid-point; also, touch-hole of a cannon or other weapon (PMP: *pusej)

putehwhite, gray (of hair); pure, upright, good-natured (PMP: *putiq)

raketraft (PMP: *Rakit)

rayabig, wide, extensive; considerable, very; vehement; full-grown (PAN: *Raya)

reuñeunsteps, ladder (PMP: *haRezan)

Acehnese (320 / 363)

reunoŋ meu-kawétfruiting pole, pole with a hook at the end for bringing down fruit (PWMP: *maR-kawit) *kawit

rɨsamkind of fern (PMP: *aResam)

rɨsamfern sp. (PMP: *qaRsam)

rumòhhouse, dwelling (PAN: *Rumaq)

rusoʔribs (of the body, of a leaf, a roof); side, border (PAN: *Rusuk)

sakétpain; sick, indisposed; labor (in childbirth); difficult, painful; trouble; torment; grief (PMP: *sakit)

sakét ulεəheadache (PMP: *sakit)

salahmistake, error, fault; offense (PMP: *salaq₁)

salɛsmoke something over a fire; to roast; suspend something in the smoke in order to dry in out (PWMP: *salay)

sambayvarious finely chopped leaves mixed with Spanish pepper, roasted coconut, salt, etc. (a kind of condiment) (LOAN)

seumaŋatsoul of a living person, life-force, (impersonal) soul; be conscious (PMP: *sumaŋed)

seumaŋat padésoul of the rice (PMP: *sumaŋet nu pajay) *sumaŋed

siaŋmade clean, bright (PWMP: *siaŋ)

s<ɨn>ambaʔdyke, dam, mound of earth, wall, rampart, parapet (PMP: *tambak₂)

s<ɨn>umpéta blowpipe (PMP: *sumpit)

sirasalt (PAN: *qasiRa)

sugɔεtoothbrush, specifically a roll of tobacco with which one brushes the teeth after chewing betel (PWMP: *sugi)

sulōhtorch (PMP: *suluq)

sumpétshoot with a blowpipe (PMP: *sumpit)

susahtrouble, burden, distress, worry, grief, adversity (LOAN)

Acehnese (340 / 363)

taloerope, line, string, cord (PMP: *talih) *CaliS

talòë pusatnavel string (PWMP: *talih pusej) *CaliS

talɔə pusatumbilical cord (PMP: *pusej)

tanɔhground, land, earth (PMP: *taneq)

tanɔh kliət(‘sticky earth’) clay, potter’s clay (PMP: *taneq)

taŋirɔεkind of sea fish (PMP: *taŋiRi)

tarōhput down, wager (in a game or gambling contest) (PMP: *taRuq)

tarōh luathe wagers of the bystanders at a cockfight (PMP: *taRuq)

tawantake captive, make a war captive, take as booty (PMP: *taban) *tabaN

təkato come, arrive (PMP: *teka₁)

t<eum>akōtfrightened, afraid, anxious about (PMP: *t<um>akut) *takut

teuneunto drive in the weft (in weaving) (PAN: *tenun)

thɛəto know, have knowledge of something, be able (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu

t<ɨm>ambaʔto dam up, make a dyke; heap up earth; fill up (PWMP: *t<um>ambak) *tambak₂

t<ɯm>ubato catch fish by stunning them withtuba (PAN: *t<um>uba) *tubah

tubapoison, venom (PAN: *tubah)

tuba jinu ~ tuba jɯnua poisonous root-sap used to stun fish (so that they can easily be caught) (PAN: *tubah)

tujōhseven (PAN: *tuzuq₁)

tumεtheel, hock (PWMP: *tumid)

turōn ~ trōnto descend, go down; to reduce, of prices; be descended from (PMP: *tuRun₁)

Acehnese (360 / 363)

ureuəŋ dapudescendants of slaves (PMP: *dapuR₁)

urɯəŋ mɯ-kulatpreparer of poison (PWMP: *ma-kulat) *kulaC

warehconsanguineal kin (LOAN)

Achinese(363)WMP.see:Acehnese

5.Adonara(54)CMP(Lebar 1972)[adr]Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)

ahodog (PAN: *asu₁)

amafather (PAN: *amax)

aŋiwind (PMP: *haŋin)

apefire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy

ariyounger sibling (PCEMP: *waji) *Suaji

ataperson (PMP: *qaRta)

baʔatheavy (PMP: *beReqat)

binesister (man speaking) (PCEMP: *b<in>ai) *bahi

ikutail (PAN: *ikuR)

inamother (PCEMP: *ina)

inamother (PCEMP: *ina)

ipetooth (PMP: *ipen)

ka-awukashes (PMP: *qabuk)

kajotree (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw

kakaelder sibling (same sex?;Lebar 1972:93) (PMP: *kaka₂)

kamewe (excl.) (PAN: *k-ami) *ami

lakehusband (PMP: *laki₁)

lima-thand (PAN: *qalima)

manuk-utabird (PMP: *manuk)

meared (PMP: *ma-iRaq)

Adonara (20 / 54)

me-nipithin (PMP: *ma-nipis) *Nipis

m-enuto drink (PMP: *inum)

me-nuragreen (PMP: *ŋuda)

m-oriliving, alive (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip

m-utato vomit (PAN: *um-utaq) *utaq

naŋeto swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy

nithis (PAN: *-ni)

nithis (PAN: *i-ni) *-ni

panato walk (PMP: *panaw₂) *paNaw

patfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat

pitoseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu

puloten (PAN: *puluq₁) *puluq

ramutroot (PMP: *Ramut₁)

rarapath, road (PMP: *zalan)

rerasun (PMP: *qalejaw)

ruatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

siasalt (PAN: *qasiRa)

tahiksea (PMP: *tasik)

talerope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS

tana ekaearth, soil (PMP: *taneq)

Adonara (40 / 54)

telothree (PAN: *telu)

te-ratuone hundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus

t-itewe (incl.) (PAN: *ita₁)

turu-tto sleep (PAN: *tuduR)

tuʔuold (people) (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS

ulasnake (PMP: *hulaR) *SulaR

urarain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

wairiver; fresh water (PMP: *wahiR)

wanaright side (PMP: *wanan) *wanaN

watostone (PMP: *batu) *batux

wau ~ waʔusmell, odor (PMP: *bahuq)

wuafruit (PMP: *buaq)

wulamoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN

wuʔunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh

6.Adzera(14)OC(Hooley 1971)[aka: Azera]

bururuŋburn, be on fire (POC: *pururuŋ)

gaitree (POC: *kayu) *kaSiw

inumto drink (PMP: *inum)

ma-ntongue (POC: *maya)

mara-neye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

nigitnest (POC: *ñikut)

nipu-ntooth; mouth (POC: *nipon) *nipen

rai-nbrother (POC: *taci) *Suaji

rama-nfather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax

rina-nmother (PMP: *t-ina) *ina

riŋa-near (POC: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa

sisu-nbreast (PAN: *susu₁)

yu-nnose (POC: *icuŋ) *ijuŋ

zaffire (POC: *api) *Sapuy

7.Agta (Central Cagayan)(177)WMP(Reid 1971)[agt] (Agta, Central Cagayan)Philippines(dialects:Eastern(Nickell and Nickell 1987) [duo] 47,Dupaningan(Robinson 2011) [duo] 98)[aka: Central Cagayan Agta]

addumany (PMP: *hadu) *Sadu

alalitype of fish (PMP: *alali)Eastern

amótto clamp one’s hand over one’s own or someone else’s mouth to prevent talking or breathing; hold one’s nostrils so no air enters (PMP: *hemut) *SemutEastern

amot-ánto pinch one’s nostrils so water doesn’t enter (PMP: *hemut) *SemutEastern

appánbait for fishing (PAN: *paen)Dupaningan

ba-bbeywoman (PAN: *ba-bahi) *bahiDupaningan

bahakpiglet (PAN: *beRek)Eastern

bátaŋkind of very hard, rather large bracket fungus, in the shape of an ear. It grows on trees and is not edible. (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁Eastern

begloincloth, traditional g-string (PMP: *bahaR)Dupaningan

bitáŋlog (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁Eastern

bitáŋanimal trap (PPH: *batéŋ)Eastern

bitustone (PMP: *batu) *batuxDupaningan

biyawin-law (PWMP: *bayaw)Eastern

búgsokto descend (PPH: *bug(e)suk)Eastern

búnogsmall fish (PPH: *búnuR)Eastern

dad-dákalparents (PPH: *dakél)Dupaningan

dakálbig, large (PPH: *dakél)Dupaningan

danʌold (persons) (PWMP: *dana)

daŋdáŋ-anput a pot next to the fire to keep food warm (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋDupaningan

dapánsole of the foot (PMP: *dapan) *dapaNEastern

Agta (Central Cagayan) (20 / 177)

dələkthunder (PWMP: *delek)

demefather (ref.) (PAN: *da-amax) *amax

di-diyaupstream (cp.di-lod ‘downstream’) (PWMP: *di-daya) *dayaDupaningan

digetsea, ocean (PMP: *daRat)Dupaningan

digiblood (PAN: *daRaq)Dupaningan

dilátongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)Dupaningan

dilanroad, path, trail (PMP: *zalan)Dupaningan

dinómwater (PMP: *danum) *daNumDupaningan

dipogashes, dust (PMP: *dapuR₁)Dupaningan

ditagplain, small clearing (PAN: *dataR)Dupaningan

donleaf (PMP: *dahun)Dupaningan

d<um>igito bleed (PAN: *daRaq)Dupaningan

d<um>itáŋto arrive (PWMP: *d<um>ateŋ) *dateŋDupaningan

dúwatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSaDupaningan

e-nuwhat? (PAN: *-nu₁)

gisáto fry in fat (LOAN)Eastern

guhamayfinger, toe (PPH: *gulamay)

gúlpisudden, quick; very large amount of something; suddenly get everything of something (LOAN)Eastern

gúsoksternum, center of chest below breasts (PAN: *Rusuk)Dupaningan

gutgutto bite and tear with the teeth (PMP: *gutgut₁) *gutgutEastern

Agta (Central Cagayan) (40 / 177)

háyupanimal, creature, spirit (generic for any non-human creature, especially mammals, whether natural or supernatural; includes fairies, elves, goblins, etc.) (PPH: *háyup)Eastern

hiklemnight (ROOT)

hulibuttocks (PMP: *buliq₂)

i-ditáŋbring something (PMP: *dateŋ)Dupaningan

igateel (PPh: *ígat)

iklug (< D)egg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR

i-ko2sg., you/thou (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu

i-kuyógto accompany, go with (PPH: *kúyug)Dupaningan

i-lákadrun away with, kidnap (PPH: *i-lákaj) *lakajDupaningan

i-nataŋcook vegetables (PMP: *nateŋ) *NaCeŋDupaningan

i-ped-pedto fan (PAN: *paid)Dupaningan

i-saŋlagto fry (PMP: *saŋelaR)Dupaningan

i-tánamto bury (PPH: *i-tanem) *CaNemDupaningan

ka-həbiyesterday (PMP: *ka-Rabiqi) *Rabiqi

kali-dúwasoul (PMP: *duha) *duSaDupaningan

kan-anfood, especially rice (PAN: *kaen-en) *kaenDupaningan

ka-nuwhen? (PMP: *ka-nu₂) *-nu₁

katálto scratch (PMP: *gatel) *gaCelEastern

kayúliving tree (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiwDupaningan

kemethand (PPH: *kemet)

Agta (Central Cagayan) (60 / 177)

kilátlightning (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaCDupaningan

kilay-anraise one’s eyebrows; wink (PWMP: *kiray)

kíliŋbamboo (for odd jobs, not building) (PPH: *kilíŋ₂)Eastern

kisapto blink (PWMP: *ki(n)sap)Eastern

-kitawe, you and I; first person dual inclusive enclitic pronoun (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁Dupaningan

-kita-mwe, first person plural inclusive nominative enclitic pronoun (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁Dupaningan

kon-pseudo-verb used to indicate quoted speech (PWMP: *kua-n) *kua₁Dupaningan

kugitáoctopus (PMP: *kuRita) *guRiCaDupaningan

kulata mushroom that grows from a dead tree (PMP: *kulat₂) *kulaCDupaningan

kulemrain cloud (PWMP: *kulem)

kulettree bark, peel of a fruit, shell (PMP: *kulit) *kuliCDupaningan

k<um>agetto bite (PMP: *k<um>aRat) *kaRaCDupaningan

kútulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCuxDupaningan

lakad-ín-anleave someone, walk out on (from *lakad-an-an, with low vowel fronting) (PPH: *lakáj-an) *lakajDupaningan

lá-lakayold man; husband (PWMP: *lakay)Dupaningan

lallákiman, male (historically a plural) (PWMP: *la-laki) *laki₁Dupaningan

láŋawhousefly (PMP: *laŋaw)Dupaningan

láŋetsky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiCDupaningan

lapdasto get marks on one’s shoulders from carrying a heavy backpack; to spank or whip s.o. with a switch or whip and raise welts (PPH: *lap(e)des)Eastern

layáginger,Zingiber officinale (PMP: *laqia)Dupaningan

Agta (Central Cagayan) (80 / 177)

legneck, throat (PAN: *liqeR)Dupaningan

ləppuash, dust (LOAN)

lésleshold up one’s skirt or pants legs (when crossing a river) (PPH: *lesles₁)Eastern

límafive (PAN: *lima)Dupaningan

lollobutterfly (NOISE)Dupaningan

ludludto scrape one’s body with a rock when bathing to remove dirt (PPH: *ludlud₁)Eastern

l<um>ákadto leave, to exit (PPH: *l<um>ákaj) *lakajDupaningan

lumótmoss (PMP: *lumut)Dupaningan

lupáypaybroken arm that flops around (PPH: *lupaypáy)Eastern

luwáteardrop (PMP: *luheq) *luSeqDupaningan

luwásgo out (PMP: *luas₁)Eastern

ma-digetrough, of the sea (PMP: *daRat)Dupaningan

mag-degustake a bath, bathe; play in water, swim around (PAN: *diRus)Dupaningan

mag-digito menstruate (PWMP: *maR-daRaq) *daRaqDupaningan

mag-gisgisto brush, as teeth (PAN: *gisgis₁)Dupaningan

mag-gutgutto gnaw, bite into something, tear at something with the teeth (PMP: *gutgut₁) *gutgutDupaningan

mag-kalito dig (PMP: *kali₂) *kalihDupaningan

mag-kanto eat, especially rice or a meal containing rice (PPH: *maR-kaen) *kaenDupaningan

mag-kuletto peel, skin (PMP: *kulit) *kuliCDupaningan

mag-lákadto walk (PPH: *maR-lákaj) *lakajDupaningan

Agta (Central Cagayan) (100 / 177)

mag-laŋoyto swim (PWMP: *laŋuy)Dupaningan

mag-lesleslift or roll up clothes when crossing a body of water so that they do not get wet (PPH: *lesles₁)Dupaningan

mag-lututo cook, especially rice (PWMP: *lutuq)Dupaningan

mag-naŋoyto swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *NaŋuyDupaningan

mag-ŋalŋalto chew, gnaw (PAN: *ŋalŋal)Dupaningan

mag-ŋatŋatto chew, gnaw (PAN: *ŋeCŋeC)Dupaningan

mag-potpotharvest a vegetable that grows in the ground; pluck, uproot (PAN: *putput₁)Dupaningan

mag-saŋetto cry, to weep (PMP: *taŋis) *CaŋisDupaningan

mag-sa-sáŋlagto fry; sizzle, hiss (PMP: *saŋelaR)Eastern

ma-katálitchy (PMP: *ma-gatel) *gaCelDupaningan

maki-affix indicating associative activity by a few people (PPH: *maki-)Eastern

ma-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk

mamitsweet (PAN: *ma-hemis) *hemis

manokbird, chicken (PMP: *manuk)Dupaningan

manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)

mapetbitter (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC

ma-puluten (PWMP: *ma-puluq) *puluqDupaningan

ma-sakétsick (PMP: *ma-sakit) *sakitDupaningan

matáeye (PMP: *mata) *maCaDupaningan

ma-tídugto sleep (PMP: *ma-tiduR) *tiduRDupaningan

Agta (Central Cagayan) (120 / 177)

meg-ke-teweto laugh (PWMP: *maR-ka-tawa) *Cawa

məg-təguto hide (PMP: *taRuq)

mə-sidugto sleep (PMP: *ma-tiduR) *tiduR

me-ʔitato see (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

nagenitive of common nouns (PAN: *na₃)

namokmosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)Dupaningan

nataŋvegetable (PMP: *nateŋ) *NaCeŋDupaningan

nimarker of (singular) personal names (PAN: *ni)Dupaningan

niyógcoconut (PMP: *niuR)Dupaningan

ŋábŋabcrunching sound of chewing on something hard (PAN: *ŋabŋab)Eastern

ŋadaspalate (PMP: *ŋadas)Eastern

ŋadasgums (PMP: *ŋadas)Dupaningan

ŋasŋaschew through (as for a dog to chew through his leash and get away) (PMP: *ŋasŋas)Eastern

ŋátŋatchew food, betel nut, gum, etc. (PWMP: *ŋatŋat)Eastern

ŋilosensitive teeth (PAN: *ŋilu)Eastern

ŋipantooth (PAN: *ŋipen)Dupaningan

ŋítŋitfood stuck between the teeth (PAN: *ŋitŋit₁)Dupaningan

pa-causative prefix (PAN: *pa-₂)

payet, still (PAN: *pa₁)Eastern

pa-kan-anto feed a person or animal (PAN: *pa-kaen-en) *kaenDupaningan

Agta (Central Cagayan) (140 / 177)

pakófern (PWMP: *paku) *pahekuEastern

ped-peda fan (PAN: *paid)Dupaningan

pigəhow many? (PAN: *pijax)

pili-anchoose (PMP: *piliq-an) *piliqDupaningan

pílitto force, make something act against its will (PPH: *pílit)Eastern

pítuseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pituDupaningan

potput-anpluck, pull out, uproot, as a hair or a vegetable in the ground (PAN: *putput₁)Dupaningan

puléŋdirt or other matter stuck in the eye (PWMP: *puliŋ₂)Dupaningan

púsadnavel (PMP: *pusej)Dupaningan

pusúheart (PMP: *pusuq₁)Dupaningan

putputpull out of the ground; shed (feathers or hair) (PAN: *putput₁)Eastern

risalouse egg (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeSDupaningan

sáklothold crossways in the arms (as to hold a sleeping child crossways in the arms) (PPH: *sak(e)lut-en) *sak(e)lútEastern

salaŋdammar pine tree; its raw wood is waxy, as is burned as candles,Agathis philippinensis (PAN: *saleŋ)Dupaningan

saŋetcry, weep (PMP: *taŋis) *CaŋisDupaningan

sáŋoto scent (animal using nose to seek or track prey) (PPH: *sáŋu)Eastern

sʌpʌwwaterfall (PPH: *sampaw)

sayáddrag on the ground, scrape across the ground (as a boat being pushed across a sandbar, or a woman’s long dress dragging on the ground) (LOAN)Eastern

síkatsunrise (PPH: *sikát)Eastern

sikátpopular (<Tagalog) (PPH: *sikát)Eastern

Agta (Central Cagayan) (160 / 177)

síloloop, lasso, collar; trap made of loops for birds, pigs or deer (PPH: *síluq)Eastern

s-inathere (2p) (PMP: *i-na) *-na

sinagsunlight; weather; summer (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaRDupaningan

siŋótto sniff, snurf (PWMP: *siŋ(e)hut)Eastern

siyákcry, yelp (PWMP: *ciak)Eastern

siʔlaksplit; crack (PWMP: *siqelak)Eastern

sululight, any kind of device for emitting light (PMP: *suluq)Dupaningan

suŋsuŋ-anheadwaters, source of a stream or river (PWMP: *suŋsuŋ₁)Dupaningan

supitnarrow (PWMP: *supit)Eastern

tabógwallowing hole for wild pigs (PPH: *tebug)Eastern

tallóthree (PAN: *telu)Dupaningan

ta-titusmall puppy (PMP: *titu)Dupaningan

títupuppy (PMP: *titu)Dupaningan

tudknee (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS

tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)

útasto continue (PPH: *útas)Eastern

úttogsexually aroused (male) (PPh: *qutuR)Eastern

yanthis (PWMP: *ian₃)

8.Agutaynen(767)WMP(Caabay et al. 2014)[agn]Philippines

abayfor people to sit or walk side by side; for boats to travel side by side; bridesmaid (PPH: *abay)

aboloyfood or money donated or given to a family who has just lost their house or lost a loved one (PPH: *abúluy)

adey ~ areyinterjection of pain or distress (PPH: *aráy)

ag-kabag-anfor someone to have gas pains, bloating (PPH: *kábag)

ag-ka-pilay-enfor one’s leg, foot, arm to be asleep, feel numb or paralyzed (PAN: *piNay)

ag-laŋsi-anto be bothered by fishy smells (PMP: *laŋ(e)si)

ag-mata-mata-ento see something or visualize something in your mind, such as the face of a dead person (PPH: *mata-en) *maCa

ag-pa-ŋan-ento be eaten (PWMP: *pa-ŋaen) *kaen

alasace, as in playing cards (LOAN)

alawidfar, a great distance (PWMP: *alawid)

alipolotsmall whirlwind, dust devil (PPH: *qali-puRut)

amat-amatlittle by little (of continuous effort) (PWMP: *amat)

antabay-ento assist, support someone in walking somewhere by holding their arm; to lead someone by the hand or arm (PPh: *antábay)

apenlarge monofilament line usually used for catching large fish (said to be ‘archaic’) (PMP: *hapen)

apros-onto rub a person’s back; to brush dirt, sand, etc. off the surface of something; to remove grain heads of rice by rubbing or sliding the fingers down the stalk (PPH: *ap(e)rus)

aradoplow (LOAN)

araŋsomething that is in the way, or purposely placed somewhere as a barrier in order to prevent people, animals, or a flow of water from entering (PWMP: *qadaŋ)

atadoone kilogram bundle, or string of meat for retail sale (LOAN)

atola large permanent fish trap made of rocks in the shape of a spade on a playing card; theseatol fish traps are very large, and can easily be seen from an airplane (PAN: *atuR)

atoliground rice, cooked like porridge (sometimes it is used as a substitute for baby’s milk) (LOAN)

Agutaynen (20 / 767)

aʔketbelt (PPH: *hag(e)kes)

baflood (PMP: *bahaq₂) *baSaq

bagaya thing, an object; things to do; things in general (PPH: *bágay)

bakaŋbowlegged; for one’s walk or stance to be slightly bowlegged (PAN: *bakaŋ₁)

bakláa male with feminine tendencies; effeminate; homosexual (said to be borrowed from Tagalog) (LOAN)

bakokoa small land turtle (PPH: *baququ)

balloincloth (PMP: *bahaR)

balagenvines that grow as weeds in a field or forest (PWMP: *balaRen)

balatsea cucumber (generic); these are found in the tidal flats, are cylindrical in shape and express a white, sticky substance when squeezed; some are edible (PPh: *balát)

banabakind of large tree; the leaves or bark are boiled and then the water is drunk when one has a kidney problem or urinary tract infection (PPh: *banabá)

baŋbaŋto destroy something by making holes in it (as a wall destroyed by a dog making holes in it because he wanted to come into the kitchen) (PWMP: *baŋbaŋ₄)

baŋil-anto wedge something under something to make it level or prevent it from wiggling (PPH: *baŋil)

baŋkorothe “noni” fruit. It turns black when ripe. Some people boil it and then use the water for medicinal purposes. (PWMP: *baŋkudu)

baŋlófragrant smell of something; nice, good smell (PPH: *baŋ(e)lúh)

basiŋ-anto reach out and grab someone’s calf (PPH: *batiŋ) *baq(e)tiŋ

batala kind of round grain which can be mixed with rice (it is good for making bibingka cakes, and is also fed to chickens) (PAN: *baCaR)

bataŋdriftwood (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁

batiŋtiŋa musical triangle or wind chimes (PPH: *batiŋtiŋ)

bawbreakfast, morning snack (PAN: *baSaw)

bawalprohibited; forbidden; taboo to do (LOAN)

Agutaynen (40 / 767)

bawaŋ-ana place where the water runs downhill (PPH: *bawaŋ₂)

bawik-ento help someone stand up after falling over; to return something to an upright position; (PPH: *bawiq-en) *báwiq

bayato intentionally leave, desert or abandon someone or something, such as a husband leaving his family (PPH: *bayáq)

baybáyseashore; beach (PPh: *baybáy)

bayoŋbasket for shopping or carrying things in, made of woven bori leaves or abaca, or colorful plastic (LOAN)

baʔbakto split something by tearing or peeling it apart; to forcefully split or rip something apart, usually with a downward tearing action (PMP: *bakbak₁)

beltayoar; paddle (PMP: *beRsay)

belt-ento get revenge on someone; to avenge; to retaliate; to “get even” with someone (PAN: *bales₁)

beteŋ-ento pull something, or pull on something; to yank or jerk suddenly on a line (PPH: *beteŋ₃) *beteŋ₂

beteŋ-en ta talitug-of-war game (PPH: *beteŋ₃) *beteŋ₂

biglasudden; immediately; instantly (PPh: *big(e)láq)

bilaŋas if (PPH: *bilaŋ₂)

bilashusband of one’s sister-in-law; wife of one’s brother-in-law (PPH: *bilas)

bodbodpowdery substance such as laundry soap, sugar (PPH: *budbud₂)

bogbog-onto beat someone up; to hit someone forcefully, non-stop (PPH: *bugbug-en) *bugbug

bogtoŋonly offspring of a human or animal (PPH: *buR(e)túŋ)

b<om>awaŋfor water or rain to rush downhill, overflow a canal or bank; for water to flood a yard (PPH: *bawaŋ₂)

bonolk.o. small fish with yellow, white, and black stripes around the body (they live around large rocks in the reef) (PPH: *búnuR)

boŋboŋdynamite; explosives (PPh: *buŋbuŋ₂)

bosala muzzle for a dog; a halter for a horse or cow, including the bit (LOAN)

Agutaynen (60 / 767)

botonisbutton (LOAN)

boyboy-onto scold or belittle someone after giving them help, money, etc. (PPH: *buybúy)

boʔboksmall insects that eat wood or bamboo; woodborer; small weevils that bore into dried beans (PMP: *bukbuk₃)

boʔlilie, falsehood; a fib (PWMP: *buqeli)

butandiŋwhale shark (PPh: *butandiŋ)

dadagrandmother or great-grandmother (this is an old term of reference) (PPH: *dada₂)

da-dala-ŋ-dala-ŋteenager: more often used about girls (PWMP: *da-daRa) *daRa₂

dalamistraw, dried rice stalk (PMP: *zaRami)

dalanroad, street; fig., the way, methodology, standards one follows in one’s work, life, beliefs; the way by which something is achieved, accomplished (PMP: *zalan)

dala-ŋpuberty, male and female (PMP: *daRa₂)

dalawdaw-ento talk loudly, usually using rude language (NEAR)

d<al>ayaw-enpraiseworthy (PPH: *dáyaw)

daliksudden; unplanned (PPH: *dalíq)

dalik-ento startle someone by not giving prior notice about something (PPH: *dalíq)

dalitvenom (PPH: *dalit₃)

damaa game similar to checkers (LOAN)

damalday; morning (PPH: *damaR₂)

daŋawa measurement, the breadth of one hand span (PPH: *daŋaw)

daonleaf of a plant or tree (PMP: *dahun)

dapaka type of yellowish-brown, wide-bodied fish, caught with hook and line (PPH: *dapak)

Agutaynen (80 / 767)

dapatshould do something; should be a certain way; supposed to do (PPH: *dapat₄)

dapitto accompany a procession to, from church for a funeral, wedding, baptism, etc. (PWMP: *dapit)

dapoa person or animal that is hanging around a place that is not theirs (PPH: *dapu)

dapogleaves burned in slash and burn farming (PMP: *dapuR₁)

dapog-anto burn dried leaves (PWMP: *dapuR-an) *dapuR₁

dawamillet, a small grain used for porridge, or chicken feed (PAN: *zawa₂)

dawasmall, round grain, such as millet, sesame seeds or poppy seeds (some types can be made into porridge, others can be fed to birds) (PAN: *zawa₂)

dayopeople who are living at a place but are not from there, or are not permanent residents (PPH: *dáyu)

daʔtalfloor (PPH: *daq(e)taR)

depaa unit of measure the distance of outstretched arms (PAN: *depah)

depa-ento measure with outstretched arms (PWMP: *depa-en) *depah

didalthimble (LOAN)

dilaktongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)

dilisa type of small, long-jawed anchovy fish used to make fish paste when soused in brine (PPH: *dilis)

dodoyterm of reference or address for a little boy (PPH: *duduy)

doldolthunder (PPH: *duldúl₂)

dolibone (PMP: *duRi)

doloŋbow, front of a boat (PWMP: *duluŋ)

domaother, other people (PAN: *duma)

d<om>apatfor something to lie flat, smooth, without sticking up all over; for something to settle down flat (PPH: *dapat₃)

Agutaynen (100 / 767)

d<om>apoto alight on or swarm on, gather around something; be attracted or drawn to something like a magnet (PPH: *dapu)

d<om>eʔdetto press up against another person’s back or side in a crowded place; to squeeze one’s way through a crowd (PAN: *detdet)

do-roatwo (PMP: *da-duha) *duSa

doyanhammock; swinging cradle for a baby (can be made from a basket, blanket, net, etc.) (PPH: *dúyan)

doyoŋwhale (PMP: *duyuŋ₂)

ebebto scrunch one’s body over; to curl one’s body up in a ball; for a chicken to sit in her nest with her wings curled over her body (PPH: *qebqeb)

elaŋa room divider; walls between rooms; separated by something (PMP: *qelaŋ)

enat-ento remove, take something off the stove (PPH: *enat-en) *enat

galaŋrespect (PPH: *gálaŋ)

galaŋ-ento show respect to someone or something (PPH: *galaŋ-en) *gálaŋ

galoŋgoŋhard-tail mackerel; this is a small fish, steel gray in color, without scales (LOAN)

gamitthings; possessions; tools; equipment; utensils, etc. (PPH: *Rámit)

gamitthings; possessions; tools; equipment; utensils, etc. (PPH: *gámit)

gaŋamouth open (PPH: *gaŋa)

gapasa small sickle, used for harvesting rice or cutting cogon grass (PPH: *gápas)

gasgasa bad scrape, scratch or abrasion on the skin or on an object (PMP: *gasgas)

gatoŋfirewood (PPH: *gatuŋ)

geret-ento cut something with a knife or scissors (PAN: *gereC)

golayvegetables (this can also include dried native beans and edible leaves) (PWMP: *gulay)

golay-anto add vegetables, beans, or edible leaves to a meat or fish dish (PPH: *gulay-an) *gulay

Agutaynen (120 / 767)

golpisuddenly; immediately; instantly (LOAN)

gosokrib (PAN: *Rusuk)

goyoda kind of long-grain white rice that smells good when cooked (PPH: *guyud₂)

goyod-anto drag something; to tow something (PPH: *gúyud-an) *guyud₃

i-babawto weed, to cut or pull out weeds (PMP: *babaw₄)

i-bilaŋto count or consider in a certain way (PPH: *bilaŋ₂)

ibosa snack made of steamed sticky rice and wrapped in coconut plam leaves or banana leaves (often served at wakes, birthdays, weddings, or just as a snack) (PPH: *ibus₂)

ibosa snack made of steamed sticky rice and wrapped in coconut palm leaves or banana leaves (LOAN)

i-boʔbokto pour or dump something out; to anoint with oil by pouring the oil on the person’s head (PPH: *i-bukbuk) *bukbuk₄

i-dagtato be carried away, drift away with the current; to wash up on shore (PPH: *dág(e)saq)

i-daldalto talk nonstop about something; to gab about something (PPH: *daldál)

i-geretto cut something with a knife or scissors; to accidentally be cut, or cut something; to slice something up; to slice into small pieces; to make a cut on something (PMP: *geret)

i-lambedto tie or wrap a rope around something, scuh as a tree trunk (PPH: *la(m)béj)

ilapto fillet fish or meat (PPH: *irap)

ilap-ento fillet fish or meat (PPH: *hilap₃) *hilap

ilap-ento fillet fish or meat (PPH: *iráp-en) *irap

ilep-emto sip something, such as soup (PPH: *ilep)

ilotto massage muscles, joints; to set a fracture (PPh: *hílut)

impasconsumed; all used up; all gone; completely finished (PPH: *impas)

-in-marker of past tense, undergoer or instrument focus (PAN: *<in>) *-in-

Agutaynen (140 / 767)

ipa-laŋanto intentionally skip or miss something, be absent; to habitually do something every other time or every other day (PPH: *laŋan)

ipa-takoto make known (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu

i-pa-tandigto lean one thing against another (as a ladder against a house) (PMP: *sandiR)

ipa-tepeŋto elevate oneself to the same position or status as another; to make, consider oneself equal to another (PPH: *tepeŋ₂)

irawa type of medium-sized black snake which is not poisonous (they are very common, and often live in houses) (PPH: *idau)

i-sabitto hang something up on a nail; to attach something to something; to pin something on something, as a ribbon or leaf on a shirt; to be involved in something, be a part of (PPH: *i-saqebít) *saqebit

i-salinto transfer, move something, as a cake from one plate to another (PWMP: *salin)

i-saysayto explain; narration (PPH: *sáysay)

i-tabed-tabedto wrap a rope around something; to tie something up (PWMP: *tambej)

itakinner/upper thigh, groin area (PPh: *hitaq)

i-talokto hide or put something away; to conceal something; to keep or save something for future use; to store something away (PMP: *taRuq)

i-tambelto patch a hole in clothing or fabric, using a patch or scrap of material (PWMP: *tambel)

i-taʔpawto put, place something on top of something else (PPH: *i-taq(e)paw) *taq(e)paw

i-teltelto dip food in a sauce, liquid, or salt when eating (PPH: *teltel)

i-teretto squash something by pinching between one’s thumbnails, for example small insects, hair lice, a pimple, dandruff, etc. (PWMP: *tedes)

kaindeed (PPH: *qa)

kaindeed (PPH: *qa)

kabalthe thin, cellophane-like membrane that sometimes covers a newborn infant when it is born (PAN: *kabal₁)

kabana wooden box or trunk used like a bag or suitcase (these boxes were used in the past and are rarely used today) (PWMP: *kaban₂)

kabana measurement for rice, holds approximately one “pasong” or 25 “ganta” of rice, which is equivalent to 62.5 kilos (LOAN)

Agutaynen (160 / 767)

kakaolder sister (PMP: *kaka₂)

kaladitaro root crop; this is a plant, not a vine, and the tuber can grow quite large; they are found in low-lying areas where the water stocks up (PWMP: *kaladi)

kalata basket made of rattan in a U-shape, used in trapping small fish (PWMP: *qalat)

kalat-enfor something to rust, become rusty (PWMP: *karat₁)

kalibonkind of shrub with large pointed leaves which can be used for medicinal purposes; the leaves can be boiled and then the water drunk to relieve a cough or intestinal problems (PPH: *qalibun)

kalimahand (PAN: *qa-lima) *lima

kalimahand (PAN: *qalima)

ka-lipayjoy, happiness (PPH: *lípay)

kalit-anto change place or activity (PPH: *qalis-an) *qalís

kaloa large wooden pestle used to pound rice, or to grind or mash something in a large wooden mortar (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu

kamandagsmall black fuzzy worms, like caterpillars, which live on leaves (they eat the leaves of rice plants, causing much damage) (PPH: *kamandag)

kandilacandle (LOAN)

kanonaŋkind of large tree that produces green fruit; inside its green fruit there is a sticky substance which can be made into glue (PAN: *qaNuNaŋ)

kanotsoot from a flame, or from the exhaust of a vehicle or engine (PWMP: *qanuqus)

kapidtwin (PMP: *qapij)

kapitclothespins (PMP: *qapit) *qapiC

kapit-enput a clothespin on something (PMP: *qapit) *qapiC

kapoy-onto be overcome, as by sleep or tiredness; become out of breath when doing something (PPH: *kápuy)

karaykaya rake with a metal claw-like end (not the same as the homemade bamboo rakes used in slash-and-burn farming) (PPH: *k<ar>aykáy) *kaykáy

kasilthe long outrigger of a boat (PMP: *katiR)

Agutaynen (180 / 767)

ka-soayenemy (PPH: *suay)

ka-talon-anforest, woods, jungle (PPH: *ka-talun-an) *CaluN

katosmoke (PMP: *qasu₃)

katod-anfor two people to pound rice together in the same mortar (PPh: *qasúd)

katombalvarious kinds of peppers (LOAN)

kawaywave the hand back and forth (PMP: *kaway₁)

kepathe fine chaff left after milling rice grain (it is usually fed to pigs) (PWMP: *qepah)

ketarice bran (PMP: *qeta) *qeCah

ketelstrength; vigor (PAN: *keseR)

kiawmyna bird (PAN: *kiaw)

kilaw-anto squint because of looking at something very brightor glaring (PWMP: *kilaw₂)

kilaw-onto fillet or thinly slice raw fish or meat and then mix it with vinegar, onions, and spices (it is eaten raw or just partially cooked) (PPH: *kilaw₁)

kilpitclothespin (PPH: *qiR(e)pit)

kilpit-ento hand clothes on a line with clothespins (PPH: *qiR(e)pit)

kimon-anto feel or act jealous (PPh: *qímun)

kirodog (PPH: *qiduq)

kirodog (dogs are kept mostly as guard dogs, although people do get attached to them as pets; men are fond of eating dog meat along with alcoholic drinks) (NEAR)

kiwshark (PAN: *qiSu)

koamthrush infection in the mouth or throat (PMP: *guham) *guSam

kodalfence (LOAN)

Agutaynen (200 / 767)

kokofingernail, toenail (PMP: *kukuh) *kuSkuS₁

kolintatnecklace (PPH: *kulintas)

kolintat-ento wear a necklace (PPH: *kulintas)

kolodworms that live in the earth, on leaves, etc.; maggots or larvae that infest food or decaying flesh (PMP: *qulej)

k<om>abotto arrive at, or reach, a destination (PPH: *qábut)

k<om>alitto interrupt one’s work to take a few minutes to do another job (PPH: *qalís)

komboa native rice cake also known by the Tagalog termbibingka (LOAN)

k<om>opasto fade, as of colors, clothing; for flowers to lose their brilliance; for jewelry to become tarnished, or have the gold worn off (PPH: *kúpas)

kopasfaded (PPH: *kúpas)

koranrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

korita line made with a pencil, ballpoint pen, or a sharp object (PPH: *kurit)

korok-onto call a chicken (PWMP: *kuruk)

kotolsexual feelings or urges; orgasm (PPh: *qutuR)

k<um>eletto shrink, as wood or bamboo (PPH: *keles)

labawfor someone or something to be greater, higher, more important than everything else (PPH: *labaw₂)

labinight (PMP: *Rabiqi)

lagadihandsaw (LOAN)

lagaybribe (LOAN)

la-lanay dato be totally exhausted, without any more strength; to feel weak and limp (PPH: *lanay₂)

laloŋyoung cockerel with no comb yet (PMP: *laluŋ)

Agutaynen (220 / 767)

lamaŋonly; just; only just now; just as soon as (PPH: *lámaŋ)

lambanogsugarcane wine (PPH: *lambanug)

lambata traditonal large fishing net made of hemp rope and used in deep water (PWMP: *Rambat)

lambedto tie or wrap a rope around something, such as a tree trunk (PPH: *la(m)béj)

lambid-enfor two things, such as trees or pieces of wood, to be crossed over each other; to cross one’s arms on top of each other; to cross one’s legs/ankles (PPH: *lambid)

lamboŋclothes, or an article of clothing; garment (PPH: *lambuŋ)

lamotroot, as of a plant; a magic love charm, directed at a person by another in order to cause him/her to be attracted to her/him (PMP: *Ramut₁)

lamota magic love charm directed at a person by another in order to cause him/her to be attracted to him/her (PPH: *Ramut₂)

lamot-onto put a love charm on somebody (PMP: *Ramut₁)

lampakto intentionally throw or slam something down forcefully, or smash it against something; to beat or club a person or animal forcefully with a stick or piece of bamboo (PWMP: *lapak)

lampaso-anto mop a floor (LOAN)

lampincloth diapers (PWMP: *lampin)

laŋenstones for supporting a pot (usually three stones are used); hearth, native stove made of a firebox filled with sand, and stones or a metal rack for setting the cooking pot on (PMP: *laŋen₁) *laŋen

laŋen-ento use something to support a cooking pot (PMP: *laŋen₁) *laŋen

laonold rice or cashew nuts, which have been stored for 1 to 2 years; old maid, spinster; old bachelor (PWMP: *laun)

lapidasomething made of marble or polished stone and engraved with a name, usually a gravestone or a name marker on a person’s office desk (LOAN)

lapikto intentionally snap or break something in half, or break something off (PWMP: *Rapiq)

lapotfor a person or animal to pass through a space, opening; for something to pass or drain through to the other side of something (PPH: *lápus)

lapot-onto bind or tie up a person by the arms and/or feet, or an animal by the feet, usually with a rope (PWMP: *Rapus-en) *Rapus

lasonpoison (LOAN)

Agutaynen (240 / 767)

latoktype of edible seaweed which looks like small clusters of green grapes (it is dipped in vinegar and eaten raw) (PMP: *latuq)

lawaysaliva; spittle (PPH: *láway)

lawita single long piece of bamboo (PPH: *ráwis)

lebatcompletely undressed, naked (PWMP: *lebas)

lebek-ento pound rice with a traditonal, large wooden mortar and pestle (PPh: *lebék)

lemektender, soft, as of meat, beans that are boiled; soft, as of a mattress, rotten fish, etc.; loose, as of a cough (PWMP: *lemeq)

lemektender, soft, as of meat, beans that are boiled; soft, as of a mattress, rotten fish, etc. (PWMP: *ma-lemek) *lemeq

lemet-ento intentionally drown a person or an animal (PWMP: *lemes-en) *lemes

lenlen-ento push something aside, or scrunch it up, in order to make room for something else (PPH: *lenlen)

letekthe sound of something clanging, pinging, or hitting against a metal object; a popping sound, as when lice eggs are squashed; a clicking or snapping sound; the hollow sound of wood or a skull being tapped; crunchy sound of candy, etc. being eaten (PWMP: *letek)

liabikey (LOAN)

liabi-anto unlock something with a key (LOAN)

líbatcross-eyed; a lazy, wandering eye (PPH: *libat)

libegbe worried, upset, troubled; to be confused (PPH: *libeg)

lihasandpaper (LOAN)

likedfootprints (PPH: *liqed)

likelneck (PAN: *liqeR)

liketlouse egg; nit (PWMP: *liqes)

likoto turn a certain direction; to turn away; to be crooked (PWMP: *liku₂)

likocrooked, bent; curved (PMP: *likuq)

Agutaynen (260 / 767)

liko-onto intentionally bend something, like a wire (PMP: *likuq)

limat-anto bail out water (PWMP: *limas-an) *limas

limat-ento bail out water; water inside a boat (PWMP: *limas-en) *limas

limosalms; money or goods given as charity to people (LOAN)

l<in>asonto be poisoned (LOAN)

linawabreath; air in the lungs (PPH: *linawa)

línolinen cloth; flax (from which linen is made) (LOAN)

l<in>ogawrice porridge (PPH: *l<in>ugaw) *lúgaw

lípeŋto feel faint, breathless; to faint, lose consciousness (PPH: *lipeŋ)

líralyre (LOAN)

liʔbelsediment, particles or dirt in water (PPH: *liq(e)beR)

lobakbumps in a road (LOAN)

lobak-lobakuneven area of road with many bumps and potholes; rough road (LOAN)

lobid-lobida native pastry like donuts, twisted into the shape of a figure eight (PPH: *lúbid)

lobid-lobid-ento twist into a figure eight (PPH: *lubid-en) *lúbid

lodto kneel down, to kneel down in front of someone (PPH: *luhúd)

logaw-onto make rice porridge (PPH: *lugaw-en) *lúgaw

loktears (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq

loktears (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq

loktears (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq

Agutaynen (280 / 767)

lok-anto produce tears; to tear, water (of the eyes) (PPH: *luheq-an) *luSeq

lokoba curved chisel for making holes in wood or bamboo (LOAN)

loksato be in mourning for a close relative for a specified time period, usually one year (PPH: *luk(e)saq)

lolagrandmother (LOAN)

lolograndfather (LOAN)

lolodshin; bones in the front of the lower leg (PAN: *luluj)

lolonto roll up a mat (PMP: *lulun) *luluN

lolon-onto roll up a mat (PWMP: *lulun-en) *luluN

lo-lotaw-lotawfor something to float, bob around on the surface, without going forward (PWMP: *lutaw)

lomathings which are old, have been around a long time, or are worn out (PPH: *lúmaq)

l<om>apawfor water to rise, come up and overflow a boundary, flowing into structures or submerging bridges (PWMP: *la(m)paw)

l<om>apotfor a person or animal to pass through a space, opening; for something to pass or drain through to the other side of something (PPH: *l<um>ápus) *lápus

l<om>apotfor a person or animal to pass through a space, opening; for something to pass or drain through to the other side of something (PWMP: *la(m)pus₂)

l<om>awigfor something, someone to become taller; to an item to increase, go up in price; for one’s blood pressure to go up (PPH: *lawig)

lomaya magic love charm directed by a person at another in order to cause him or her to be attracted to them (PPH: *lumay)

lomay-ento put a love charm on someone (PPH: *lumay-en) *lumay

lomboythe Java plum, a type of dark purple berry that grows in clusters on a tree; they are round or oblong and are the size of a medium to large olive, with a single seed; when eaten, they leave a fleeting, numb feeling in the mouth (PPH: *luŋ(e)búy)

l<om>igidto roll, as of a stone, coconut, etc. (PWMP: *ligid)

l<om>iŋgaŋfor a boat to rock back-and-forth, from side to side; to intentionally rock something back-and-forth (PWMP: *liŋgaŋ)

lomomeat without tendons, the part called the ‘loin’ in English (PMP: *lumu₂)

Agutaynen (300 / 767)

l<om>odto kneel (PPH: *l<um>uhúd) *luhúd

lomonto live with someone in their house for free, without payment (PPH: *lumun)

lomotmoss (PMP: *lumut)

lomot-onfor something to be covered with moss (PWMP: *lumut-en) *lumut

lonatarp; tarpaulin; awning on house (LOAN)

londaysmall boat without outriggers (at one time these were made from one long piece of hollowed-out wood, much like a canoe) (PPH: *lunday)

lonoa person in a vegetative-type state (PPH: *lunu₂)

lopiŋpiŋfor the crown of a chicken to be flopping over; for an animal to have ears that are long and floppy; for the brim of a hat to be floppy, not stiff (PPH: *lupíŋ)

lotawfor something to float on the surface of water; the waterline of a boat; the part of the hull which is above the waterline (PWMP: *lutaw)

lotoŋa large wooden mortar used in pounding rice, or grinding or mashing something with a large wooden pestle (PMP: *lusuŋ) *Nusuŋ

ma-bagbagfor a boat or passengers to suffer problems out at sea; for a boat or people to be shipwrecked (PPH: *bagbág)

ma-baŋlofragrant, nice smelling; to smell good (PPH: *ma-baŋ(e)luh) *baŋ(e)lúh

ma-bawcooled down, cooled off (PAN: *baSaw)

ma-belakfor something to accidentally become cracked or split; for the earth to crack open during an earthquake (PAN: *belaq)

ma-boat taŋ dilaktalkative (derogatory; lit. ‘long tongue’) (PMP: *dilaq₁)

ma-dagdagfor an object to fall off from where it is attached; for fruit to fall off a tree; to fall out of a bag or container (PPH: *dagdag)

ma-daldaltalkative (PPH: *daldál)

ma-dalitvenomous, poisonous (PPH: *dalit₃)

ma-dalosdosto accidentally slide down from somewhere (PPH: *darusdús)

ma-deketto be crowded or squeezed together (PPH: *ma-deket) *dekeC

Agutaynen (320 / 767)

ma-dolichoke on a bone or have one stuck in one’s throat (PWMP: *ma-duRi) *duRi

ma-elettight; tightly; firm (PMP: *heRet) *SeReC

mag-abosoto create a disturbance, often using insulting language or cursing (LOAN)

mag-agagto sift flour, sand, etc. (PWMP: *agag)

mag-alsato raise, lift something up; to carry something by lifting it up; to elevate something (LOAN)

mag-aminto admit to doing something; to confess a wrong or sin (LOAN)

mag-amomato entertain visitors, care for their needs; to host visitors, show hospitality to them (PPH: *amuma)

mag-anadto get used to doing something; to train, accustom yourself to do something; to train a dog, small child, etc. to do something (PPH: *anad)

mag-aŋkatfor a person to ride a bike or drive a motorcycle together with another person riding on the back; to let another person ride behind you (PPH: *aŋkás)

mag-aradoto plow (LOAN)

mag-arnis-anto box or sword fight, usually in play (LOAN)

ma-gasgas-anfor something to become scraped or scratched up (PMP: *gasgas)

mag-ayosto fix or repair something; to arrange things; to get something ready, in order; to solve a problem, fix things up between people (PPH: *áyus)

mag-aʔketto wear a belt; to tie, fasten something around the waist (PPH: *hag(e)kes)

mag-bakaŋto become bowlegged (PAN: *bakaŋ₁)

mag-batiŋtiŋfor something to make a tinkling sound (PPH: *batiŋtiŋ)

mag-bawasto reduce, lessen, decrease the amount of something; to subtract from, deduct from (PPH: *bawas)

mag-bawikto help someone stand up after falling over; to return something to an upright position; for a group of people, organization, or country to recover after a disaster or political collapse (PPH: *báwiq)

mag-belakto crack or split something open with a blade or knife (PAN: *belaq)

mag-beletto repay, return a favor or help; to reciprocate (PAN: *bales₁)

Agutaynen (340 / 767)

mag-beltayto row or paddle a boat or raft (PMP: *beRsay)

mag-boalfor a tree or large post to be uprooted or pulled out of the ground by strong winds (PPh: *buál)

mag-botonisto sew buttons onto clothing (LOAN)

mag-boʔbokto pour or dump something out; to anoint with oil by pouring the oil on the person’s head (PPH: *bukbuk₄)

mag-boʔlito lie about something; to lie to someone (PWMP: *buqeli)

mag-daliŋto moan in pain (PAN: *daRiŋ)

mag-damalfor an event or activity to continue all night long, until daybreak (PPH: *damaR₂)

mag-dapogto burn dried leaves (PMP: *dapuR₁)

mag-dáwatto reach, hand something to someone; to reach out and take something that is being handed (PPH: *dáwat)

mag-dayato cheat in a game; to cheat a person (LOAN)

mag-dayawto praise or think highly of a person; to praise or glorify God (PPH: *dáyaw)

mag-dayoto go and stay in a place temporarily for a purpose, usually to trade or to fish (PPH: *dáyu)

mag-daʔtalto make a floor (PPH: *daq(e)taR)

mag-deŋanto go together somewhere; to do something together at the very same time; familiar spirit (a familiar spirit is one which acts as a companion or a servant to a person) (PMP: *deŋan)

mag-depato measure with outstretched arms (PPH: *maR-depa) *depah

mag-dilam-dilamto stick one’s tongue out at someone and wiggle it (PPH: *dilam)

mag-dodato doubt something or someone; to be doubtful of a person’s actions; to suspect (LOAN)

mag-dokotto be resentful, or hold a grudge against someone; to refuse to speak to someone (PWMP: *dukut₁)

mag-dolokto clean up a field after it has been burned (any remaining brush which wasn’t burned is now burned, and the large rocks are put to the side to form the boundary of the field (PPH: *duluk)

mag-doloŋto be positioned on the bow of a boat (PWMP: *duluŋ)

Agutaynen (360 / 767)

mag-galoto mix, stir something such as cement (PMP: *galu)

mag-gamitto use something (PPH: *Rámit)

mag-gamitto use something (PPH: *gámit)

mag-gapasto cut, harvest with the use of a sickle (PPH: *gápas)

mag-gisato sauté food in a small amount of oil (LOAN)

mag-goyodto drag something; to tow something (PWMP: *guyud₃)

mag-idalto complain, fuss about the amount of one’s work or chores as compared to someone else’s; to push off the work onto someone else (PPH: *idal)

magin-iwikto oink or squeal, as of a pig or a large fruit bat (PPh: *íwik)

mag-ipesto quiet down, stop laughing, talking or crying; to keep quiet about a secret (PPH: *hipes)

mag-isipto think, to give thought to something; to consider something (PPh: *ísip)

mag-kaliawto yell, shout loudly, as of a drunk person or people fighting; to scream (PPH: *qaliaw)

mag-kalog-kalogto shake something (PPH: *kalug)

mag-kanotfor a kerosene torch, firewood, etc. to produce soot and get things sooty (PWMP: *qanuqus)

mag-kiʔkibto eat or gnaw on something large while holding with the hands; to tear something apart with the teeth (PPH: *kibkíb)

mag-kodalto build a fence, to enclose something with a fence (LOAN)

mag-kopitto pilfer; to steal small amounts of money (PPH: *kúpit)

mag-koskosto rub, scour something, such as a pot or floor (PWMP: *kuskus₂)

mag-koykoyfor an animal to dig in the ground with their claws; for a person to dig in the dirt with their hands; to dig away the dirt or sand covering or surrounding an object (PPH: *kuykúy₂)

mag-labrato shave, make straight and smooth a piece of wood with a bolo or knife (LOAN)

mag-lagadito saw something with a handsaw (LOAN)

Agutaynen (380 / 767)

mag-lagayto bribe someone (LOAN)

mag-lamboŋto wear clothes; to get dressed; to change clothes (PPH: *lambuŋ)

mag-lampasoto mop a floor (LOAN)

mag-lampinto put diapers on a baby, have a child wear diapers (PWMP: *lampin)

mag-lapoto steam or scald food in hot water; to parboil food (PPH: *lapu₁)

mag-lapotto bind or tie up a person by the arms and/or feet, or an animal by the feet, usually with a rope (PMP: *Rapus)

mag-larato start weaving the bottom of a basket, using strips ofbori or pandanus leaves, or to start weaving the edge of a sleeping mat (PWMP: *laja)

mag-lasonto poison a person or animal (LOAN)

mag-latagto spread something out flat on the ground, as tree branches or leaves to burn in a field, gravel before laying cement, or clothes to dry in the sun (PPH: *latag)

mag-latayto walk on a gangplank or makeshift bridge; something placed across a canal or muddy area in order to walk to the other side (PPH: *latay)

mag-layasto run away, run off; to flee, escape;to take off, leave, or abandon someone (PPH: *layas₁)

mag-laʔlakto drink deeply; to guzzle (as a dog drinking) (PPH: *rakrak)

mag-lebatto take off, remove an article of clothing or shoes (PWMP: *lebas)

mag-liatfor something to become dislocated; to slip out of one’s grasp; to move out of position; to veer off, go off course (PWMP: *lias)

mag-libakto backbite, talk badly of others behind their back; to slander someone (PPH: *libák)

mag-libotto walk around; go around from place to place; to circle around an area; to make a loop around a place (PWMP: *libut)

mag-likedto step in or on something (PPH: *liqed)

mag-likofor something to become bent or crooked (PMP: *likuq)

mag-limatto bail out water, such as when cleaning out a well, or from the bottom of a boat (PMP: *limas)

mag-lipayto cheer someone up; to console or comfort someone (PPH: *lípay)

Agutaynen (400 / 767)

mag-lipokto break or snap something in half (as a pencil) (PPH: *lipuk)

mag-loatto remove, take off clothing (PPH: *luas₂)

mag-lodlodto scrub the skin or an object hard with the hands to remove dirt (PPH: *ludlud₁)

mag-lonlonto eat food all by itself rather than eating it along with the foods that usually accompany it (PWMP: *lunlun)

mag-lotokto cook something (PWMP: *lutuq)

mag-níwaŋbecome thin, lose weight (as a domestic pig) (PMP: *niwaŋ) *Niwaŋ

mag-okasto take something off, remove an item such as shoes, a ring; for something to unintentially come off or fall off (PWMP: *hukas)

mag-oripto repair woven material such as nipa palm shingles on a root, a mat, or a basket (PPH: *udip)

mag-osisato investigate; search, research; examine; question; interview (LOAN)

mag-oyon-anto agree together about something; for a group of people to be agreed, united, unified in a decision (PPH: *uyun₂)

magpa-dalosdosfor a person to intentionally slide, cause themselves to slide down from somewhere (PPH: *darusdús)

mag-palato shovel earth, cement, etc.; to use a shovel to dig a hole (LOAN)

mag-pa-sineŋto stare intently; carefully; to scrutinize (PWMP: *sineŋ)

mag-pa-sirapto glance at somebody; to look at, view something from a distance (PPH: *sirap)

mag-pa-takonwithin a year; for one year (PMP: *taqun)

mag-patisfor fermented fish to become, turn into fish sauce (the fish becomes watery and the salted water is what is calledpatis) (LOAN)

mag-pegeŋto hold tightly to something; to put pressure on something (PWMP: *pegeŋ)

mag-penpento cover up one’s ears, eyes, nose, etc.; to put one’s hands over a person’s mouth; to hold onto one’s private area when needing to urinate (PWMP: *penpen₂)

mag-piarto lend money or other things with trust, believing it will be handled carefully or will be repaid (LOAN)

mag-pikoto break things up with a pickaxe (LOAN)

Agutaynen (420 / 767)

mag-pilafor people to form a line; to line up one behind the other (LOAN)

mag-pintasto put a curse or hex on someone with the help of an evil spirit, by using a picture of the person or an item of clothing; to practice sorcery (PPH: *pintás)

mag-pintikto release the rubber strip on a spear gun or slingshot, i.e. to shoot the spear gun (PMP: *pitik₁) *pitik

mag-pirek-pirekto blink the eyes or flutter the eyelids; for an electric light to flicker on and off (PWMP: *pidek₁)

mag-poasfor the wind to lessen, die down, diminish; for the rain to stop or let up; for a flood to subside, recede; for a fever to go down (PWMP: *puas)

mag-potolto cut something off (PMP: *putul) *putun

mag-sabitto hang something up on a nail; to pin something on, as a ribbon or leaf on a shirt (PWMP: *sabit)

mag-saboagto spread, as of news or gossip, to scatter news or have it come out suddenly (PPH: *sabuag)

mag-salinto pour a liquid into another container; to transfer something to another container or plate (PWMP: *salin)

mag-santikto hit or clink two things together, as stones, or even heads; to strike a match using a matchbox (PPH: *santik)

mag-silotto punish (LOAN)

mag-soay-anto fight each other; quarrel (PPH: *suay)

mag-solsolto stir up; prod somebody to do something; to convince; to incite; make people discontented with the way things are (LOAN)

mag-sontokto box, to hit with the fist (PPH: *suntúk)

mag-soplakto oppose; to contradict, go against (NEAR)

mag-soʔsokto insert something inside a space; to plug into a socket (PAN: *suksuk)

mag-tabanto carry away wrongfully or forcefully; snatch or grab by the mouth, as an animal stealing food (PWMP: *maR-taban) *tabaN

mag-taban-anto elope (PMP: *taban) *tabaN

mag-tabatto cut something, as material (PWMP: *tabas₂)

mag-tagayto pour liquor into individual glasses (PPH: *tágay)

Agutaynen (440 / 767)

mag-tagayto pour liquor into individual glasses (LOAN)

mag-taketto measure something, someone using a tape measure (PPH: *takes₂)

mag-taki-takito have diarrhea (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi

mag-talokto hide something somewhere; to keep or reserve something for future use (PWMP: *maR-taRuq) *taRuq

mag-tambakto pile or stack things up; to cover or fill in a depression in the ground; to fill in a large hole (PMP: *tambak₂)

mag-tampelto cover up a hole in something; plug something so that the contents will not spill out; put a patch on something (as a patch of oregano on the head to cure headache) (PMP: *tapel) *Capel

mag-taŋato branch into two or three parts, or directions, such as a road (PMP: *saŋa₁)

mag-taŋkebfor something to shut, close tightly, close all the way (PWMP: *ta(ŋ)keb) *ta(ŋ)keb₁

mag-tapalto apply something to a surface, as leaves to a wound or sore area (PWMP: *tapal)

mag-tapokto shake, knock the dust off something (PPH: *tapuk₂)

mag-tastasto rip out the seams of a garment; to undo stitching (PAN: *tastas)

mag-tawadto bargain; to give a discount, lower the price of something (PWMP: *tawaD)

mag-tebekto stick a needle, pin into something; to thread a needle (PAN: *tebek)

mag-tekelto grab tightly around the neck; to choke or strangle a person or animal; to accidentally be strangled (PMP: *cekel)

mag-tipidto be thrifty, careful with finances and other resources (LOAN)

mag-toaŋfor two people to carry something, such as a stretcher, between them; for two people to carry a heavy item, like a bucket of water or a pig, hung in the middle of a long bamboo pole (PPH: *tuaŋ₂)

mag-tobli-anto miss each other by passing different ways or arriving at different times (PPH: *sub(e)líq)

mag-tokato vomit (PPH: *suka₂)

mag-tokodto start building a house; to put in the first posts for a house, or to lay the foundation (PAN: *tukud)

mag-tokonto carry something on the head or shoulders (PPH: *tuqun₁)

Agutaynen (460 / 767)

mag-tokonto carry something on the head or shoulders (PAN: *suquN)

mag-toldokto point something out to someone; to show someone the location of something; to teach (PPh: *tulduq)

mag-toldokto point to or at something (LOAN)

mag-tompokto pile something up in a heap (PWMP: *tumpuk)

mag-torolto give something; to give something that is asked for; to offer something; to submit something (PPH: *tudul)

mag-walito give advice, to advise; to “lecture” someone, often a teen-ager (PPH: *wali₂)

mag-waswasto shake something out to remove dirt, bugs, etc.; to swish clothes up and down in water to remove dirt or soap (PPh: *waswás₁)

ma-idal-ena complainer (PPH: *idal)

ma-iŋgitto envy; feel envious; jealous (PPH: *iŋgit)

makaŋstand with the legs spread apart (as someone blocking a doorway) (PAN: *bakaŋ₁)

ma-kilawglaring, as of a bright light (PWMP: *kilaw₂)

ma-kimayfor a part of the body to become atrophied; small bananas with no flesh because of excessive heat (PPH: *kimay)

ma-kiwifacial paralysis of one side of the mouth, causing the mouth to appear crooked and droopy; to intentionally screw up one’s mouth in disgust (PPH: *kiwih)

ma-labi-anto be overcome by the night; to be benighted (PPH: *ma-Rabi-an) *Rabiqi

ma-lakarare, seldom; to be spaced or thinned out (PWMP: *ma-laka) *la(ŋ)ka

ma-lanetfor plants, leaves, crops to become dried up, withered (PPH: *lanés)

ma-lanetfor plants, leaves, crops to become dried up, withered (PPH: *lanét)

ma-láŋegrancid; musty smelling (of rancid food, or clothes that have been sitting in water) (PPH: *laŋeg)

ma-laŋsifishy smelling (PMP: *laŋ(e)si)

ma-lāwayimpolite, rude, coarse, vulgar; immodest, indecent, shameful, immoral (PPH: *law(e)qay)

Agutaynen (480 / 767)

ma-lemektender, soft, as of meat, beans that are boiled; mushy, of rotten fish, etc. (PAN: *lemek₁)

ma-lemetto accidentally drown (PPH: *ma-lemes) *lemes

ma-líbog na túbigcloudy or murky water (PPH: *libeg)

ma-ligitthe action of rolling a round or cylindrical object over something, for example, expressing juice from leaves by rolling a glass jar over them like a rolling pin (PWMP: *li(ŋ)gis)

ma-lipayto be joyful, to feel happy (PPH: *lípay)

ma-lisedpoor; needy; destitute (PPH: *lised)

ma-liwagdifficult or hard to do or endure; scarce, hard to come by (PPH: *liwag)

ma- liʔbelturbid; cloudy water; water having sediment stirred up or suspended (PPH: *ma-liqeb(e)R) *liq(e)beR

ma-lobot-anfor something to become consumed, be used up; to run out of something; for something to cease (PPH: *lubús)

ma-logawto be watery, like porridge; to be soft and spongy (PPH: *lúgaw)

ma-lomotmossy (PMP: *lumut)

ma-loslosfor something like a pair of pants to slip down; fallen testicle, often resulting in a hernia (PMP: *luslus)

ma-lotafor vegetables to become overcooked; to overcook vegetables (PPH: *lusa₂)

ma-lotokcooked; ripe, as of fruit, vegetables (PWMP: *ma-lutuq) *lutuq

mamagrandfather (PMP: *mama) *mamah

mamag-lamanothe action in the ring game,idal-idal, where young people clasp hands in a circle with their fingers intertwined; then, as they move their hands back-and forth, to the right and left, a ring is passed unseen from one to another (LOAN)

mamag-tayawto dance, perform a folk dance (PPH: *tayaw)

ma-maŋanto eat a meal, to eat something (PMP: *paŋan)

ma-masiŋto reach out and grab someone’s calf (PPH: *ma-masiŋ) *baq(e)tiŋ

ma-milikto choose something (PWMP: *ma-miliq) *piliq

Agutaynen (500 / 767)

ma-mositto go out looking for squid (PPH: *pusít)

manparticle showing concession; whether; even if; no matter what (PPH: *man)

ma-nabanto elope (PWMP: *ma-naban) *tabaN

ma-nalokto hide from (PWMP: *ma-naRuq) *taRuq

ma-nalokfor a person to hide from others (PMP: *taRuq)

ma-nambelto patch a hole in clothing or fabric, using a patch or scrap of material (PWMP: *ma-nambel) *tambel

man-delepto bathe, play, swim in the ocean, lake, or river (PMP: *delep)

ma-nebekto catch sea worms, octopuses, etc. by sticking a sharp stick into their holes to pierce them (PAN: *tebek)

manipeanut (LOAN)

ma-nipitthin (as cloth) (PMP: *ma-nipis) *Nipis

ma-níwaŋthin, skinny (PMP: *ma-niwaŋ) *Niwaŋ

man-liked-likedto walk carefully in tidal flats, in the sea greass, trying to detect or feel small clams with the feet, in order to gather them to eat (PPH: *liqed)

maN-lolonto pack up; get ready to leave (PMP: *lulun) *luluN

ma-nobato catch fish using the sap from the root of thetoba tree (PWMP: *ma-nuba) *tubah

ma-nolōkfor a rooster to crow (PPH: *tuRauk)

man-takito defecate (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi

man-tampokto clap one’s hands (as in applause) (PMP: *tampuk₁)

maŋ-agatto sift flour, sand, etc. (PWMP: *maŋ-agag) *agag

maŋ-enatto remove, take something off the stove (PPH: *enat)

maŋ-inemto drink water, juice, etc. (PWMP: *inem)

Agutaynen (520 / 767)

maŋ-ŋanito definitely, really do something (PPH: *ŋani)

ma-oyonto like the taste of something; to like, to find something agreeable (PPH: *uyun₂)

ma-pakitbitter (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC

ma-pa<n>tekfor a hen to hatch (lit. crack) her eggs (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq

ma-paosto become hoarse (as from too much shouting) (LOAN)

ma-pasofor the skin to be accidentally burned or scalded by hot or caustic substances (PPH: *ma-pásuq) *pásuq

ma-petekfor something fragile like glass to crack or shatter, become broken (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq

ma-pietnarrow; tight; crowded (PPH: *piet)

ma-pikotto trap somebody into marriage, often by the girl getting pregnant (PPH: *píkut)

ma-pilikchoosy, picky (PMP: *ma-piliq) *piliq

ma-pitoto make something seven (PWMP: *ma-pitu) *pitu

ma-popodto become worn down, small, flattened (as of a lamp wick, tooth, soap, pencil lead) by being consumed in use (PPH: *ma-pudpud) *pudpud

ma-potolto cut off (PMP: *putul) *putun

mā-poyatto go to bed; to sleep, be asleep; to fall asleep (PPH: *ma-púyat) *púyat

ma-sebsebto fall on one’s face (PPH: *sebseb)

ma-silawglaring, as of a bright light, or light being reflected off something (PWMP: *ma-silaw) *silaw

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

ma-tabed-tabedto become wrapped around something; to become tangled up in something (PWMP: *tambej)

ma-tagekvery juicy and/or sticky (PPH: *tagek)

ma-tamadlazy; unmotivated; bored (PPH: *tamád)

Agutaynen (540 / 767)

ma-tandato remember, recall; to keep in mind (PPH: *tandaq)

ma-tanek-ena person who owns a lot of land (PMP: *taneq)

ma-tanek-tanekdiscolored, with a reddish color, particularly of white clothes that are still dirty even after being washed (PMP: *taneq)

ma-taŋladto run aground on rocks, coral, or sand; for a boat to run over a rock in shallow water (PPH: *saŋ(e)lád)

ma-tebatfor rice, grain to be completely harvested (PWMP: *tebas₁)

ma-tenekfish with sharp dorsal fins; something that is covered with thorns or spikes; for a part of the body to be pierced by a thorn, or jabbed or stuck by the sharp dorsal fin of a fish (PPH: *ma-tenek) *tenek

ma-tipidthrifty (LOAN)

ma-toltokfor an eye to be pierced with a sharp instrument or a stick (PPH: *tuRsúk)

ma-tonay-anto be pierced, stuck by a thorn, etc., with a piece left deep in the flesh (PPH: *tunay₁)

ma-topadto fulfill a promise or agreement; for something to come true or be realized; to achieve one’s goal; for a prophecy to be fulfilled (PPH: *tupáj)

ma-topadto fulfill a promise or agreement; for something to come true or be realized; for a prophesy to be fulfilled (PPH: *tupád)

ma-tuʔlidstraight (PWMP: *tuq(e)lid)

mayaricebird; sparrow; they are small, brown, or black, or sometimes reddish in with lighter stripes, and can be found in flocks in rice fields, where they eat the rice (PPH: *máya)

mostasamustard (LOAN)

namomosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)

nanagrandma (term of reference and address) (PPH: *nana₂)

nanakpus (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq

nan-takonlast year (PMP: *taqun)

naraNarra tree or wood; this is a forest tree whose wood is yellowish-red and is used for furniture (now protected) (PMP: *nara)

nipitthin (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis

Agutaynen (560 / 767)

niwaŋthinness (PMP: *niwaŋ) *Niwaŋ

ŋaniindeed; really; very (PPH: *ŋani)

obad-ento untie or unwrap something (PPh: *hubád-en) *hubád

oŋotdrinking cup or dipper made from a coconut shell (PPH: *úŋut)

oŋ talokin secret; secretly; in private (PMP: *taRuq)

opawbald (PPH: *upaw)

oyawto laugh at something concerning an animal, and then be struck by lightning, as if it is revenge by the animal (PPH: *uyaw)

oyaw-ento laugh at something concerning an animal, and then be struck by lightning (PPH: *uyaw-en) *uyaw

payet; still; additionally; what’s more; moreover (PAN: *pa₁)

pa-baw-ento let something cool down, such as hot water (PPH: *pa-bahaw-en) *baSaw

pag-tepeŋ-ento put two things or people next to each other to see if they are level or the same height (PPH: *tepeŋ₂)

pa-isolto step back a bit; walk backwards (PPh: *isul)

pakathigh; leg (PAN: *paqa₁)

pa-ketel-anto push hard to get a job done; to exert effort; to make something loud, strong (as one’s voice) (PAN: *keseR)

pakiawcontractual work (the parties involved decide on the amount of money which will be paid for the job, rather than paying an hourly or daily wage) (LOAN)

pakitbitter taste; bitterness (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC

paksiwfish or meat cooked in vinegar with salt and garlic added (LOAN)

palashovel (LOAN)

pa-laka-ento become thinned out; to be spaced out, as to plant seed with spaces between (PWMP: *la(ŋ)ka)

pala-ma-ŋan-andining room (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen

Agutaynen (580 / 767)

paliscar (PWMP: *paliq₂)

pali-ento be scarred (PWMP: *paliq₂)

pa-likoto turn a certain direction (PMP: *likuq)

pa-lotawsmall doughy balls cooked in coconut milk which float to the surface when fully cooked (PWMP: *lutaw)

palpalstakes used for tethering an animal or securing a tent (PPH: *palpál₂)

palpal-anto stake an animal out to graze (PPH: *palpál₂)

pa-masosomething which causes a caustic burn (PPH: *pásuq)

panakan arrow (this can refer to both the bow and the arrow) (PAN: *panaq)

pa-nipit-ento make something thin (as cloth when weaving) (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis

panoldokindex or forefinger (PPh: *tulduq)

pantalanwharf, pier (LOAN)

paŋajaw (PPH: *paŋah)

paŋelstupid; asinine; idiot (PPH: *paŋel)

paŋelstupid; asinine; idiot (PPH: *paŋeR)

paŋ-ígpitclip, hairpin (PPH: *qiR(e)pit)

paŋpaŋcliff; steep dropoff into the ocean (PWMP: *paŋpaŋ)

pa-oyonto agree to something; to consent (PPH: *uyun₂)

papagstretcher made of bamboo (PPH: *papag)

pa-popod-onto cause, or wait for, something to be completely consumed, used up, worn down, burned down/up (PPH: *pa-pudpud-en) *pudpud

parawa boat similar to alansa (cargo boat), but with outriggers, used for fishing (it pulls smaller outriggers out to deeper water where they can fish); the entire entourage is called aparaw (PWMP: *padaw)

Agutaynen (600 / 767)

p<ar>ompoŋa kind of white rice with very small kernels; the grain heads are numerous, and are in clusters on the end of the stalk (PWMP: *puŋpuŋ₂)

paspasquickly, in a rush (PPH: *paspás₄)

paspas-ando something quickly, at once, nonstop, or in a rush (PPH: *paspas-an₂) *paspás₄

pa-tako-onto make known (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu

pa-taʔpawto go up to the surface (PPH: *taq(e)paw)

patiincluding; even; also (This is aTagalog word, but is widely used nowadays, especially by younger people) (PPH: *patí)

patisfish sauce (LOAN)

patoŋa type of bamboo which grows very large but without thorns (PWMP: *patuŋ)

pegeŋ-anto control oneself; to exercise self control, self discipline; to restrain, hold oneself in check (PWMP: *pegeŋ)

peltaboil; abscess (PPH: *peRsa)

pelta-ento have or develop a boil or abscess (PPH: *peRsa)

petek-ento intentionally crack something open (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq

piaŋa person with a crippled or deformed leg (the person can still walk, but with a limp) (LOAN)

pidasoa single, whole piece of something (LOAN)

pikopickaxe (LOAN)

pilaa line, row (LOAN)

pilaksilver (LOAN)

pilayfor a person to be paralyzed, crippled in the legs, due to a stroke or accident (PAN: *piNay)

pilikchoose something (PAN: *piliq)

pilik-anchoosy, picky (PMP: *piliq-an) *piliq

Agutaynen (620 / 767)

pilik-ento choose something (PWMP: *piliq-en) *piliq

pinpinan old hide-and-seek game played at night, with two groups (LOAN)

pintasa strong curse or hex, put on a person by a traditional healeer who has the power to do this (PPH: *pintás)

pipinocucumber (LOAN)

pisopeso (LOAN)

pispiscricket (if the sound of a cricket is heard in the house it means that a visitor is arriving) (PWMP: *pispis₂)

pitoseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu

pito-m-polokseventy (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu

pito-onto make something seven (PWMP: *pitu-en) *pitu

piyakbaby chicken (PAN: *piak)

pokthe sound made by an owl (PMP: *puk₂) *puk

polawa wake for the dead (PPH: *pulaw)

polpoldumb; not smart (LOAN)

poniala machete with a sharply pointed end (LOAN)

ponsibanana (PAN: *punti₁)

poŋpoŋ ~ pompoŋa cluster of fruit, berries, or grain heads on the end of a stalk (PWMP: *puŋpuŋ₂)

poŋsosmall mound of earth (PWMP: *puŋsu)

popod daworn down flat (as a tooth that becomes hard to extract) (PPH: *pudpud)

poroisland (PPH: *pujuq)

poroisland (PPH: *pujuq)

Agutaynen (640 / 767)

positsquid (PPH: *pusít)

potosmall, round steamed cakes made with rice flour; these are often served at birthday parties, and at other special occasions (LOAN)

potokbanana heart (PMP: *pusuq₁)

potol-onto cut something off (as bamboo that has grown too long) (PMP: *putul) *putun

potota short person (PWMP: *putut₂)

poyadnest (LOAN)

poyat-ento feel sleepy, drowsy, tired (PPH: *puyat-en) *púyat

rawita long pole with a blade on the end, used for cutting down leaves and branches (PPH: *ráwis)

remek-ento crush or pulverize somethingusing a pestle, large spoon, etc. (PMP: *remek)

sakaŋcrotch (PMP: *sakaŋ)

santik-anto hit or clink two things together, as stones, or even heads; to strike a match using a matchbox (PPH: *santik-an) *santik

sawalisplit woven bamboo walling material (LOAN)

seŋet-seŋetfor a wound or tooth to throb with sharp, on and off pain (often occurs with the production of pus) (PPH: *seŋet-seŋet)

siamnine (PPH: *siám)

sibokawa type of tree with red wood; it can be used for medicinal purposes, and is also used for tool handles (PPH: *sibukaw)

sikathis is said to a cat to shoo it away (LOAN)

sikaŋ-kaŋto be in the position of having one’s legs spread apart (as when slipping on a waxed floor) (PWMP: *sikaŋ)

sikepto catch, trap fish in akalat trap made of rattan (PMP: *cikep)

s<in>abatthat which was cut, leftover material or scraps (PWMP: *tabas₂)

si-no-pawho (singular;da-no-pa = ‘who?, plural’) (PPh: *si-nu) *-nu₁

Agutaynen (660 / 767)

sipithair clip (PAN: *sipit)

sisiŋring worn on a finger (LOAN)

solibreach birth, delivery; impossible (going against reality) (PAN: *suli₂)

s<om>ilabfor a fire to blaze or flare up, or spread; for something to burst into flames (PWMP: *sirab)

s<om>iŋarato look up above (PWMP: *tiŋadaq)

s<om>ogodto continue on going; to go directly somewhere or to somebody, with no delay; to rush to confront or challenge somebody about a disagreement (PPH: *sugud)

s<om>ogodto continue on going; to go directly somewhere or to somebody, with no delay; to rush to confront or challenge somebody about a disagreement (PPH: *s<um>ugud) *sugud

sompoŋto be moody; to have, be in a bad mood; to act according to one’s mood, feelings (LOAN)

sompoŋ-onmoody (person); be overcome bysomething; have an attack of some kind (high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack); become temporarily crazy, insane; be overcome by one’s power to become a witch, causing one to do strange things (LOAN)

soŋkaa native shell game, played with a board with scooped-out holes in it referred to asbalay, ‘houses’, and using small cowry shells calledsigay as tokens (LOAN)

sosoa kind of banana, small to medium size (PMP: *susu) *susu₂

taour; us; we (PAN: *-ta)

tabakotobacco (LOAN)

taban-ento carry away wrongfully or forcefully; snatch or grab by the mouth, as an animal stealing food (PMP: *taban) *tabaN

tabat-ento cut something, as material (PWMP: *tabas₂)

tageksap of trees, plants; juice of fruits (PPH: *tagek)

tag-si-siamnine each (PPH: *siám)

taketmeasurement; dimention; size (PPH: *takes₂)

takifeces, manure (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi

takoto know a fact; to know how to do something; to learn something (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu

Agutaynen (680 / 767)

takonyear (PMP: *taqun)

takon-anyears gone by (PMP: *taqun)

takon-takonyearly (PMP: *taqun)

talaksin; fault; wrong; crime; guilt, guilty (PMP: *salaq₁)

talatansoutheast direction, wind (PWMP: *salatan)

talinoma type of vegetable with edible leaves (it is the top, tender leaves which are cooked and eaten) (PPH: *talínum)

talonforest, woods, jungle (some people believe that evil spirits and elves live in places like this) (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN

tamacorrect, right; accurate; appropriate; proper (PAN: *tama₁)

tamad-anfor a person to feel lazy, tired; to be disinterested in, bored or tired of doing something (PPH: *tamad-an) *tamád

tambak-ento pile up; to fill in, such as a hole (PMP: *tambak₂)

tamiloka type of large, edible worm; they burrow into driftwood or boat hulls to lay their eggs; the young worms, which are white and elongated and look similar to an umbilical cord, are considered a delicacy (PWMP: *tamiluk)

tamilok-onfor the hull of a boat to become full of holes made by these worms burrowing in to lay their eggs (PWMP: *tamiluk)

tamiŋshield used by soldiers for protection (PMP: *tamiŋ)

tamohere (close to the speaker) (PMP: *tani₂)

tananall; every; the total amount or number of something (PPH: *tanan)

tandig-anback of a chair (PMP: *sandiR)

tanekground, land; earth, soil, dirt; land owned by somebody (PMP: *taneq)

taniŋa certain amount of time left to live; for one’s life to be limited, have a limit or end point (LOAN)

tanodlocal security guards or watchmen (they help the police keep peace and order by patroling the barangay at night and investigating disturbances) (PPH: *tánud)

taŋabranch of a tree (PMP: *saŋa₁)

Agutaynen (700 / 767)

taŋ geretone slice of something (PAN: *gereC)

taŋkalpigpen or chicken coop made of bamboo (PPH: *taŋkal)

taŋkoŋa plant with leaves and stalks like spinach, used as a vegetable (PPH: *taŋkuŋ)

taŋladlemon grass, used in flavoring dishes, and also as one of the leaves in thepamegat bath water (medicinal wine or bath water, for preventing a relapse) (PMP: *taŋelaj) *Caŋelaj

tapik-ento tap or slap somebody lightly on the back or other part of the upper body (excluding the face); if a person slaps you lightly on the shoulder, it could mean that they are poisoning you or putting a curse on you; in order to reverse or stop the poison or curse the recipient must return the slap (PMP: *tapik)

tapos-onto finish or complete work, a project, a speech, etc,; to finalize something, to finish school, graduate from school (PAN: *tapus)

t<ar>abako-ancontainer used to hold tobacco (LOAN)

ta-tandak-tandakstamping the feet, as a child who is angry about being told to do something (PWMP: *tanzak)

tawaddiscount (PWMP: *tawaD)

tawasalum (LOAN)

tawtawpupil of the eye (PMP: *tau tau) *Cau

tayawfolk dance (PPH: *tayaw)

taʔnaya small handful of something (as of rice porridge) (PPH: *taq(e)nay)

taʔpawthe surface or top of something; on top of something (PPH: *taq(e)paw)

taʔpaw-anto put, place something on top of something else (PPH: *taq(e)paw-an) *taq(e)paw

tebhigh tide (PWMP: *taeb)

tebelto be constipated (PPH: *tebel₁)

tebel-anto be constipated (PPH: *tebel₁)

tekebto attack or fight, as of dogs, cats, or people, particularly two women; to pounce on (PPH: *tekeb₂)

telegcurrent (PWMP: *seleg)

Agutaynen (720 / 767)

t<el><el>epeŋsame height (PPH: *tepeŋ₂)

tenekthorn; the sharp dorsal fin of a fish (PPH: *tenek)

tilemvery dark-skinned (not a polite word to use) (PWMP: *tilem₁)

tinahair dye (LOAN)

t<in>abanbe snatched or carried away wrongfully (as a fish by a hungry cat) (PWMP: *t<in>aban) *tabaN

tintiŋ-ento ring a bell, such as the church bell; to make a ringing sound, usually by hitting metal against metal (PMP: *tiŋtiŋ)

tiŋeldeaf, hard of hearing (PPH: *tiŋeR)

tisaorange (or other colored) chalk used by tailors and seamstresses to mark fabric (LOAN)

titinipple; breast; udder (PMP: *titi)

titinipple; breast; udder (LOAN)

titololand title; deed of purchase (LOAN)

tiʔgaymaggots (LOAN)

toal-ento pry out, dig out something that is exposed, such as a rock (PMP: *sual)

tobaa kind of tree whose root can be used to blind or poison fish around rocks in shallow water and cause them to come to the surface (PAN: *tubah)

toblito rob; to steal, take something that is not yours (lit. to inherit it); for a man to have an affair with another man’s wife (lit. to steal or inherit someone’s wife); for a person to inherit something; the thing inherited (PPH: *sub(e)liq)

tobolinstructions; command; order (PPH: *tubul)

tobol-onto instruct or order someone to do something; to send someone on an errand (PPH: *tubul)

togtogthe sound of something being played, such as an instrument, music, radio, etc. (PWMP: *tugtug)

tokayoterm of address used by two people having the same name; a person’s namesake (LOAN)

tokot-onto charge a fee, to collect a fee, a fare, or a debt; to request payment for a fee or a debt (PPH: *sukut)

Agutaynen (740 / 767)

tolaybridge (PPH: *tuláy)

toldokfinger (PPh: *tulduq)