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udder

female breast; udder -PAN *susu₁

ugly

bad, evil; ugly -PWMP *zaqet

bad, evil; ugly -PMP *zaqat

umbellifera

a fruit-bearing plant:Pisonia umbellifera -PMP *añuliŋ

umbilical

navel, umbilical cord -PAN-F *pujek

navel, umbilical cord -PAN-F *puja

umbilicus

navel, umbilicus -POC *pusoc

navel, umbilicus; mid-point or center of something -PMP *pusej

umbilicus, navel cord -PWMP *talih pusej

umbrella

to hold an umbrella or parasol over someone -PWMP *payuŋ-an

to use an umbrella or parasol -PWMP *ma-mayuŋ

umbrella made of palm leaves -PWMP *saeŋ

umbrella, parasol -PWMP *payuŋ

unable

blocked, plugged, dammed; mute, unable to speak -PWMP *beŋbeŋ

cornered, unable to escape -POC *jukul₁

cornered, unable to escape -PMP *sukul₂

mute, unable to speak -POC *boŋol

mute, unable to speak -PCEMP *beŋel

unable to concentrate -PWMP *liŋas

weak, feeble, unable to perform -PPH *ma-kápuy

weakness, debility; feeble, unable to perform -PPH *kápuy

unable to speak

dumb, unable to speak - *(near)

unbent

spread apart, as the legs or an unbent fishhook -PWMP *bukaŋkaŋ

spread apart, as the legs or an unbent fishhook -POC *pokaŋ

spread apart, as the legs, or an unbent fishhook -PWMP *bikaŋkaŋ

spread apart, as the legs, or an unbent fishhook -PMP *be(ŋ)kaŋ

uncastrated

uncastrated male animal, stud, male breeding animal -PPH *bulug

unceasing

continuous, unceasing -PWMP *amat

unceremoniously

bump or bang into, collide unceremoniously -PWMP *sempuk

uncertain

demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning -PMP *iaqi

uncertainty

doubt, hesitation, uncertainty; to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds -POC *rua rua₂

doubt, hesitation, uncertainty; to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds -PMP *duha duha₂

marker of uncertainty -PAN *-nu₁

thing of uncertainty -PWMP *anu-anu

uncircumcised

uncircumcised - *(noise)

uncle

father, uncle, elder sibling - *(noise)

parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of*ama -PMP *mama

uncle -PWMP *ama-en

uncle; respectful term for man of father’s generation

uncle; respectful term for man of father’s generation - *(loan)

unclean

defiled, ritually polluted, ceremonially unclean - *(loan)

unclear

vague, unclear -PWMP *lamuk₁

unconscious

unconscious -PPH *lunu₂

unconsumed

firebrand; unconsumed wood in a fire; charred wood -PWMP *aliten

uncontrolled

gluttony, uncontrolled appetite -PPH *sibáq

uncooked

raw, uncooked -PMP *ma-hataq

raw, uncooked -PWMP *hataq

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PCEMP *ma-qetaq

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PAN *ma-qetaq

uncover

loosen, undo, uncover -PPh *wakas-án

loosen, undo, uncover -PMP *wakas₁

open, uncover -PMP *siŋkab

open, uncover -PAN *lekab

open, uncover -PWMP *hu(ŋ)kab

open, uncover -PWMP *e(ŋ)kab

open, uncover - *-kab(root)

scrape something off a surface so as to uncover it -PPH *kuykúy₂

to lift, raise, uncover, bare something -PCMP *silu₁

to open, uncover -PWMP *likab

to open, uncover -PWMP *iŋkab

to open, uncover -PMP *bu(ŋ)kas

to open, uncover -PWMP *maŋ-bukaʔ

to open, uncover -PWMP *bukaʔ

to open, uncover -POC *puke

to open, uncover, expose -PMP *buka

uncovered

bare, uncovered - *(noise)

uncovering

to uproot, expose by uncovering -PPH *lukat₂

uncultivated

uncultivated field, open grassland; field covered with sword grass (Imperata cylindrica) -PWMP *padaŋ

uncultivated land -PAN-F *Ceme-Cemel

under

be carried under the arm -PWMP *kilik-en

below, beneath, under -POC *papaq₃

break under tension -PMP *ku(n)tus

break under tension - *-tus(root)

break under tension, as a rope -PMP *utus₁

carried under the arm or on the hip -PWMP *kilik₂

dirt under the nails -PWMP *taqi nu kuku

disappear under water -PWMP *leñep

disappear under water -PWMP *leñeb

dive; sink, disappear under water - *-Neb₁(root)

dive; sink, disappear under water - *-ñep(root)

down, under -POC *ba₄

extended, stretched taut, put under tension -PMP *benteŋ

feathers under chin of rooster, chin whiskers -PWMP *bauk

feel with the feet, as in finding clams under the sand -PPH *sedsed₃

get a splinter or sliver under the skin or nail -PPH *salugsúg

hold or carry under the arm -PWMP *meŋ-qabin

hold or carry under the arm -PMP *qabin

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings -POC *ralom

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings, liver (fig.) -PMP *dalem

lower surface, bottom; short, low; below, beneath, under -PMP *babaq₁

node, joint; knuckle; swelling under the skin -POC *buku-buku

notch, as in a tree trunk; notch-shaped area under theglans penis -PWMP *etak

pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc. -PPH *dikén

press together; pressed together; carry under the arm, press between the legs -PMP *kepit

rock shelter, cave under a rock -PAN-F *Nihib

sag, bend under weight -PWMP *luyut

shelter, space under something -PPH *siluŋ

sink, disappear under water -PWMP *leñej

sink, disappear under water -PWMP *teleŋ

sink, disappear under water -PMP *telem

snap, break, as a rope under tension -PMP *butus

split open, burst under pressure -PMP *besiq

stretch, put under tension -PWMP *betek₂

submerge, disappear under water -PAN *lezep

submerge, go under water -POC *lomos

swelling; lump or bump under the skin -PWMP *buŋkug

swelling; lump or bump under the skin; wad of something -PMP *buŋkul

to burn or set a fire under to smoke out -PPH *sunúg-en

to carry at the side or on the hip, pressed under the arm -PPH *kilít

to dive, swim under water -PAN *l<um>edep

to dive, swim under water -PAN *ledep

to immerse, put under water -PAN *teneb

to put under water, soak -PPH *rebreb

to snap under tension (rope, string) -PPH *buR(e)tuq

under, below -PMP *ba₄

undergo

be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true -PAN *keNa

undergoer

verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action -PAN *-en

undergrowth

cutting or clearing of undergrowth -PWMP *lidik

dense undergrowth -PWMP *samek

undergrowth -PWMP *samun

underlayer

lining, insulation, padding; underlayer, as of clothing -PPH *sapín

understand

know, understand -PAN *ma-bajaq

know, understand -PAN *ka-bajaq

know, understand; ask, inquire -PAN *bajaq₁

think, understand -POC *adom

think, understand -PMP *handem

to understand, grasp something intellectually -PPH *tarús

understand, understanding - *(loan)

understanding

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

understand, understanding - *(loan)

understanding, awareness - *(loan)

underweight

skinny, thin, underweight -PAN *ma-kuliC

undo

loosen, undo, uncover -PPh *wakas-án

loosen, undo, uncover -PMP *wakas₁

loosen, undo, untie -PMP *bakas₂

loosen, undo, untie - *-kas₂(root)

release, undo -PAN *bukas

tear apart something that one has made; undo -PPh *waswás₂

to undo stitches, pull out tying material -PPH *tastas-en

to untie, unpack, undo -PPH *hukad

undo, untie, spring a trap -PMP *biŋkas

unravel, loosen, undo -PWMP *quray

untie, undo -PMP *beŋkas

undone

come undone, of stitches -PAN *katkat₂

undress

loosen, untie, undress; to separate -PWMP *hukas

open, undress, remove, release -PMP *lekas₁

remove the clothes, undress -PPH *luas₂

untie (a knot), undress, remove clothes -PAN *lapus

undressed

naked, nude, undressed -PWMP *lebas

naked, undressed -PPH *labus

undulation

coil, curl, undulation -PWMP *keluŋ₁

uneducated

ignorant, uneducated; poor - *(loan)

uneven

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough -PMP *garaŋ-gasaŋ

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough -PMP *garaŋ₂

unexpected

sudden, abrupt, unexpected -PPH *kelaqat

unfamilar

lost, as in a crowd or in an unfamilar place -PWMP *tawtaw

unfastened

unfastened, detached -PWMP *taŋgal

unfold

spread out, unroll (mats, etc.), open out, unfold (as the hand); wide -PMP *bekelaj

unfold, open up, blossom -PPh *buk(e)lad

unfold, spread out -PWMP *bitaD

unfurl

spread out, unfurl -PPh *bik(e)laj

spread out, unfurl -PMP *barbar

ungulate

hoof, lower leg of an ungulate -PAN *kudkud

unhusked

unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains -PWMP *ataq

unicorn

unicorn fish,Naso spp. -PMP *qumi

unicorn fish,Naso spp. -PMP *qumay

unicorn fish:Acanthurus unicornis -PMP *taRaq₂

unicorn fish:Naso unicornis -POC *mwanoRe

unicornfish

short snouted unicornfish:Naso spp. -POC *taRa

unicornis

unicorn fish:Acanthurus unicornis -PMP *taRaq₂

unicorn fish:Naso unicornis -POC *mwanoRe

unident

kind of plant, unident. -PWMP *kalamuntiŋ

uniform

uniform, equal to - *(loan)

unify

to unite, unify; first cousin -PWMP *pisan

uninhabited

forest, uninhabited land -POC *wao

unintelligible

sound produced by an animal; unintelligible muttering of a person -PAN *ŋawŋaw

union

union, unity -PWMP *insan

unison

sing in unison -PMP *saRup₂

to sing in unison, as in traditional festivals -PWMP *ñañuy

unit

catty (unit of weight for foodstuffs) - *(loan)

hamlet; kin-based residential unit -PAN *kuan₁

small basket; a unit of measure for dry goods -PPH *salúp

unit of measure for cloth, sails, etc. -PWMP *bidaŋ

unit of measurement - *(loan)

unite

to join, unite with in taking sides -PPH *k<um>ampi

to unite, combine in one -PAN *paR-isa-an

to unite, unify; first cousin -PWMP *pisan

unite, do simultaneously -PMP *raŋkep₂

unite, do simultaneously -PWMP *raŋkeb

united

touching, adjacent, as fighters presenting a united front -PWMP *sundul

unity

union, unity -PWMP *insan

univalve

kind of univalve mollusk -POC *somu

unkind

selfish, unkind -PWMP *dámut

unknown

person whose name is unknown, avoided or cannot be remembered: who? -PPh *si-nu

place which is unknown or cannot be remembered: where? -PAN *i-nu

thing whose name is unknown -PCEMP *anu

thing whose name is unknown, avoided, or cannot be remembered: what? -PMP *a-nu

unload

to climb down, dismount; unload -PPH *haq(e)was

unmarried

bachelor, young unmarried man -PPh *ulitáu

bachelor; young unmarried person -POC *tau paqoRu

loft in house where unmarried girls reside -PPH *pintuq

maiden, virgin, unmarried girl -PWMP *da-daRa

maiden, virgin, unmarried girl -PMP *daRa₂

unnamed

his/her unnamed thing: his/hers -POC *anu-ña

his/her unnamed thing: his/hers -PMP *a-nu-ni a

my unnamed thing: mine -PMP *a-nu-ku

your unnamed thing: yours -PMP *a-nu-mu

unnaturally

albino, unnaturally white -PPH *uRis

pale, unnaturally white -PMP *balaR₁

unnaturally white, albino -POC *pulaR₁

unnaturally white, albino -PMP *bulaR₂

unnaturally white, albino -POC *pulan₂

unnaturally white, albino -PMP *bulan₂

unnaturally white; albino -POC *puraq₁

unnaturally white; albino -PMP *budaq₃

unnoticed

unnoticed, not perceived - *(noise)

unpack

to untie, unpack, undo -PPH *hukad

unpleasant

a tall forest tree which emits an unpleasant odor:Sterculia foetida -PMP *bubuR₃

having an unpleasant taste -PWMP *qanta

loud, unpleasant noise -PWMP *qiŋeR

loud, unpleasant noise -PMP *iŋaR

stench, strong unpleasant odor -PMP *imbu

unpleasant odor -PMP *mapu₂

unpleasant odor -PAN *laŋ(e)si

unpleasant smell -PMP *baŋ(e)qes

unravel

loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest (fig.?) -PWMP *bajbaj

unravel, loosen, undo -PWMP *quray

unravel, untie - *-baj(root)

untie, unravel -PPh *maR-hubád

untie, unravel -PPh *hubád

unravelled

be untied, be unravelled -PPh *hubád-en

unripe

astringent taste, as of unripe bananas -PWMP *peled

raw, unripe -POC *mataq

raw, unripe -PAN *ma-qataq

raw, unripe -PPh *hiláw

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PCEMP *ma-qetaq

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PAN *ma-qetaq

tart, acid, as the taste of certain unripe fruits -PWMP *sapelet

tart, acid, as the taste of certain unripe fruits -PWMP *sapeled

taste of unripe banana; slightly bitter or astringent taste -PMP *apeled

tasting 'woody' or coarse; astringent taste, as of unripe bananas -PWMP *sapela

unroll

spread out, unroll (mats, etc.), open out, unfold (as the hand); wide -PMP *bekelaj

spread out, unroll (mats, etc.); wide -PEMP *bolaj

unroll a mat, spread out a mat -PMP *hampaR

unroll a mat, spread out a mat -PAN *SapaR

unroll, spread out a mat -PAN *S<um>apaR

unruly

restlessness, wild or unruly movement -PPH *garáw

unseen

shake something to determine its unseen contents -PWMP *kutug

unstable

affected by the moon, mentally or emotionally unstable -PWMP *bulan bulan-en

affected by the moon, mentally or emotionally unstable -PWMP *bulan-en

unsteadily

to walk or move unsteadily, erratically -POC *tibaŋ

unsteady

to swing, be unsteady -PWMP *uyut₂

untainted

first of anything; first fruits; prime, new, untainted, virgin -PMP *buŋas

first of anything; first fruits; prime, new, untainted, virgin -PWMP *buŋaR

first of anything; new, untainted, virgin -PWMP *buŋaR-an

untamed

wild, untamed -POC *kila-kila

untethered

roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered -PMP *lambeR

roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered -PAN *labeR₂

unthinking

stupid, unthinking -PPH *paŋeR

stupid, unthinking -PPH *paŋel

untidy

tangled, disordered, untidy -PWMP *kusut

untie

loosen, undo, untie -PMP *bakas₂

loosen, undo, untie - *-kas₂(root)

loosen, untie -POC *lupas₂

loosen, untie -POC *Rupas

loosen, untie -PMP *taŋkas

loosen, untie -PMP *kaskas₁

loosen, untie, set free -POC *takas

loosen, untie, undress; to separate -PWMP *hukas

loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest (fig.?) -PWMP *bajbaj

open, untie -PWMP *bukaq

release, loosen, untie -PWMP *pukas₂

release, loosen, untie -PWMP *hekas

remove, loosen, untie -PMP *lu(ŋ)kas

to separate, untie -PWMP *maR-hukas

to untie, unpack, undo -PPH *hukad

undo, untie, spring a trap -PMP *biŋkas

unravel, untie - *-baj(root)

untie (a knot), undress, remove clothes -PAN *lapus

untie, undo -PMP *beŋkas

untie, unravel -PPh *maR-hubád

untie, unravel -PPh *hubád

untied

be separated, untied -PWMP *hukas-en

be untied, be unravelled -PPh *hubád-en

until

overcooked until mushy, as rice or vegetables -PPH *lusa₂

to stay up all night, continue until daybreak -PPH *damaR₂

until, as far as -PWMP *haŋga

until, as far as; limit, boundary -PMP *qiŋga

up to, as far as, until -PMP *sampay₂

up to, until, as far as -PWMP *qeŋgah

untruthful

lying, deceiving, untruthful -PWMP *ma-bali₂

unwilling

averse, unwilling; reluctant -PWMP *butul

lazy, listless, unwilling to work -PPH *burúj

unwrap

loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest (fig.?) -PWMP *bajbaj

unyielding

unyielding, obstinate, inflexible, stubborn -PMP *teger

unyielding, obstinate, inflexible, stubborn -PMP *tegel

up

a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PMP *kali₂

a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PAN *kalih

aligned, lined up -PPH *batuR₂

be chopped into pieces, be minced, as meat or vegetables; what is chopped up or minced -PAN *tektek-en

be chopped up or minced -PPH *tadtad-én

be gobbled up, eaten voraciously -PPH *sabsab-én

be lifted up or deposited on the beach by tide or current -POC *puRe₁

be picked up or carried dangling from the fingers -PWMP *bitbit-en

be tied up tightly -PWMP *heRet-en

be vomited up; vomit (command) -PAN *utaq-en

beat up, bruise someone -PPh *bunal

bend the limbs, curl up the body -PWMP *kulkul

bend, curl up -PPh *balikutkút

bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku

bind up; bundle -PWMP *beRkis

bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad

bound, tied up -PWMP *R<in>apus

break up -PWMP *bugar

break up into small pieces -PPH *sagsag-en

break up, fall into pieces, scatter, disperse -PWMP *baRbaR

bubble up, as spring water -POC *bukal₂

bubble up, as spring water -PMP *bukal₁

bubbling up (as spring water) -PAN *buak

bubbling up (as spring water) -PWMP *buag

bubbling up, as spring water -PWMP *bukal bukal

bundle, package; to wrap up -PWMP *buŋkus

caught up in, carried along -PWMP *tuluy₃

caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -PWMP *bulit-en

caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -POC *bulit₂

caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -PMP *bulit₁

chop up, as firewood -PAN-F *k<um>etun

chop up, mince -PWMP *tadtad

chop, hack, mince, cut up -POC *totok

chopping to pieces, cutting up, as meat or vegetables -PAN *tektek₁

climb up, as a vine -PPH *kalatkat

close up -PWMP *ti(ŋ)keb

closed, dammed up -POC *bonot

collect, heap up -PMP *impu₁

consumed; paid up -PPH *impas

cover over, cover up -PMP *Ruŋkeb

curled or crumpled up -PMP *rekut

curled up -PMP *likut

cut up, cut off - *(noise)

dam, dyke, embankment; to fill a hole with earth; to heap up -PMP *tambak₂

deep place in river; pool of water left when a stream dries up -PPH *lib(e)túŋ

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

dig up - *(noise)

dig up something buried, disinter -PWMP *hukay

dig up the ground with a digging stick -PWMP *ma-ñuqan

dig up the soil - *(noise)

dig up the soil - *(noise)

dig, dig up - *(noise)

dipper, scoop; to scoop, ladle up -PAN *taku₂

dress up, be decked out in one’s finest clothing -PWMP *kena

dried up, scorched, shrivelled -POC *koRaŋ₁

dried up, wilted (of plants) -PPH *lanés

dried up, wilted, of plants -PPH *lanét

dry up -PMP *ma-maja

dry up, evaporate -PMP *maja

dry up; low tide -PWMP *keti

dry, dried up -PWMP *egaŋ

dug up -PWMP *hukay-an

dust in the air, stir up dust -PPH *tapuk₂

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

end, finish; used up, finished -PMP *upus

end, terminate, finish, use up - *-bus(root)

entangle, snarl, tie up, wind around, wrap -POC *pisi₁

entangled, caught up in, involved, embroiled -PWMP *saŋkut

evaporate, dry up -PMP *tuquR

evaporate, dry up -PPh *hebás

fetch water, scoop up water -PMP *qasu₁

fetch water, scoop up water -PMP *asu₂

finish, use up -PWMP *timpus

finished, used up -POC *qoti

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabis

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabiq

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; bubble up -PCEMP *budaq₄

foam, bubbles; bubble up -POC *puraq puraq

foam, bubbles; bubble up -POC *buraq

fold over, fold up -POC *binu

get up -PWMP *maR-baŋun

gone, used up -PMP *mampus

grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them -PWMP *giliŋ-an

gush or bubble up, of spring water -PMP *bual₂

heap up -PWMP *Ri(m)bun

heap up, pile up (as earth); dam -PMP *limbun

heap, collection; to gather, heap up -PMP *qi(m)pun

heap, pile; cover up -PWMP *tumbun

heaped up -PWMP *timbun

heaped up, as an obstruction -PWMP *ma-tambak

high up, on top -PWMP *timbaw₂

hoe up weeds; weed a garden -PAN-F *riSriS

hold up, keep aloft -PWMP *aŋkat aŋkat

hook; to hang up -PAN *saqit

hunch over, curl up (body) -POC *pokut

incite, urge on, stir up -PWMP *asag

jump up to reach something -PWMP *lunzag

keep secret, cover up -PMP *sekep

knock against, collide with, beat up -PWMP *bugbug

lever up -PWMP *qasual

lever up -PWMP *luhit

lever, instrument for prying something up -PWMP *quŋkil

levered up; uprooted -POC *puqal

levered up; uprooted -PCEMP *buqal

lie down, curl up (of animals) -PPH *lekuq₂

lift or raise up -PWMP *maŋ-atas

lift up the clothes, roll up the pant legs (as when crossing shallow water) -PPH *lesles₁

lift up with a lever, lever up, root up -PMP *suaR₁

lift, raise up -PWMP *aŋkat-an

lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *taR-aŋkat

lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *maR-aŋkat

lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *aŋkat

line up one behind the other -PWMP *maR-aRak

lock up - *(noise)

look upward, look up to -PWMP *tiŋadaq

murkiness, turbidity, of water that has been stirred up -PPH *liq(e)beR

murky, turbid, of water that has been stirred up -PPH *ma-liqeb(e)R

pave with stones; pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence -PMP *qatuR₁

pave with stones; pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *qatuR-an

phlegm; cough up phlegm -PWMP *dahak

pick up -PWMP *pu(n)zut

pick up - *(noise)

pick up or carry dangling from the fingers -PWMP *maR-bitbit

pick up or carry dangling from the fingers -PWMP *maŋ-bitbit

pick up with both hands -POC *agup

pick up with the fingers -PWMP *pundut

pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *maŋ-qatuR

pile up, as stones -PAN *dapuR₂

pinch, take up with the fingers -PWMP *zepit

place that has been dug up -PMP *k<in>ali-an

place that has been dug up -PAN *k<in>alih-an

pluck, pull up (as weeds) -PMP *hebut

pluck, pull up (as weeds) -PAN *SebuC

plug or dam up -PWMP *tampeŋ

plug up, dam; cover - *-peŋ(root)

plug up, stop something up, as with a cork -PWMP *suŋsuŋ₂

plug, stop up -PWMP *lepet₁

project above, stick up -PPH *labaw₂

prop, support; to prop up or support -PAN *suked

pry up - *(noise)

pry up, prise up -PCMP *uli

pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) -PMP *butbut₂

pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) -PAN *buCbuC

pull up weeds - *(noise)

pull up, as out of a pit or out of water -PMP *bantun

pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth -PPH *ganút-en

pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth -PPH *gánut

pull up, root up -PMP *abut₁

recall or drag up disagreeable past experiences -PWMP *uŋkat

rise, climb up -PAN *sakat

roll or crumple up -PMP *lukut

roll or wrap something up -PWMP *balut₂

roll up a leaf, as a tobacco leaf -PPH *tustus

roll up, curl up tightly -PAN-F *kuCkuC

roll, curl up -PMP *lekes

root up the ground, of a pig; uproot -PMP *sual

root up, lever up -PMP *suat₂

scoop up -PAN-F *k<um>ahuS

scoop up -PAN-F *kahuS

scoop up - *(noise)

scoop up in a net; fetch water by scooping up -PMP *saruk

scoop up water -POC *tapuq

scoop up water; water scoop or dipper -PMP *tabuq

scoop up with a net; catch with snare -PPH *ma-ñiluʔ

scoop up with both hands -PMP *saRup₁

scoop up with both hands; a double handful -PMP *aŋkup₁

scoop up, as with a fish net -PAN *kauS

scoop up, skim from the surface -PPH *saRap

scratch up the earth, as a fowl -PAN *karkar

scratch up the ground, as chickens -PWMP *kaqis

scratch up the soil -PMP *kahkah

scratch up the soil, as a chicken looking for food -PAN *kaSkaS

scratch up, scrape up -PMP *gaRuk

scratch up, sweep or rake up -PPH *kaykáy

shoot up - *(noise)

skewer something so as to pick it up without touching it -PPH *tuRsúk

slurp up food or water, eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *sabsab

slurp up food or water; eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *tabtab₂

snare, noose trap; spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap) -POC *pintik

snare, noose trap; spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap) -PMP *bitik₁

sniffle, sniff up mucus -PWMP *siŋ(e)hut

sniffle, snuff up; snot -PWMP *Siŋus

spring up; flicking motion - *-tik₁(root)

stack up; in a row, lined up; to order, arrange -PCEMP *qatuR₂

stand up - *(noise)

stir up a fire - *(noise)

stop, end, finish, complete; finished, used up -PMP *qeti₃

stopped up -PWMP *pa(m)pet

stopped up, plugged -POC *bonor₂

stopped up, plugged -PMP *pened₁

sucking, soaking up, absorbing -PMP *qisep

swell up -POC *pupuŋ

swell up -PMP *buŋbuŋ₄

swell up, as boiling rice; boil over -PMP *luab

tie up -PWMP *pusuŋ₁

tie up, bind tightly -PWMP *tambej

tie up, tie by wrapping around -PWMP *kabej

to ascend, rise up -POC *sake

to awaken, wake someone up -POC *paŋun-ia

to awaken, wake someone up -PWMP *pa-baŋun

to be sucked up or in -PAN *sepsep-en

to be supported, propped up -PWMP *tuked-en

to bend, coil or wind up -POC *tali₂

to bind, tie up (as a person) -PPH *balud-en

to bind, tie up (as a person) -PPH *i-balud

to bind, tie up (as a person) -PPH *balud

to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince -PMP *gatgat

to block, to dam up -PMP *ubeŋ

to catch with a net, scoop up -PPH *siluʔ-en

to clean up a swidden after burning -PPH *duluk

to climb, ascend, rise up -PMP *sakay₄

to climb, go up -PPH *saka

to close or cover up -PMP *ta(ŋ)kub

to close up, shut, as a door -PPH *liŋkep

to coil up -PPH *lakun

to consume totally, use up -PPH *sipet

to cover up -PWMP *likup-an

to cover with earth, dam up -PPh *tabún-an

to cut up, butcher, slaughter an animal -PAN *lapaq

to dig up -PCEMP *keli

to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PAN *k<um>ali

to dig, dig up -PMP *ma-ŋali

to dry up -PPH *keRaw

to dry up, wither -PCEMP *Raŋaw₂

to evaporate, cause to dry up -PPh *maR-hebás

to finish, consume, use up -PPH *ubus

to grind, be ground up by someone -PWMP *giliŋ-en

to grow, spring up -POC *tubuq, tupuq

to hang up -POC *tau₂

to heap up, make a pile -PWMP *simpuk

to heat up, warm up -PMP *panas-i

to hit with the fist, beat up -PPH *bugbug-en

to hoe, chop up soil -PWMP *bacuk

to lap up water, like a dog; to guzzle, drink insatiably -PPH *rakrak

to lever up -PWMP *suqit

to lever up, tip up by force -PWMP *tuas

to lift, raise up -PWMP *katkat₁

to lift, stand up, arise, emerge, begin, depart, carry; cargo; take something; take a wife -PMP *buhat₃

to move the lips or tongue in chewing or lapping up -PPH *taptap

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; break up, dismantle, demolish -PWMP *bekaj

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; split open, break up, dismantle, demolish -PMP *be(ŋ)kaR

to pick up with something to avoid getting dirty or burned -PAN *saput₂

to pick up with tongs or pincers -PPh *sipít-en

to pile up earth or rocks, heap up so as to obstruct -PWMP *t<um>ambak

to prop up -PWMP *ma-nuked

to prop up, support -PWMP *maR-tuked

to provision, fill up -PWMP *penpen₁

to pull out or up -PPH *gábut

to put up with, endure, be patient -PPH *tiqís

to reach, catch up with -PPH *qábut-en

to reach, overtake, catch up with -PPH *qábut

to roll up -PCMP *lunu₁

to roll up -PWMP *lulun-en

to roll up sleeves or pant legs -PPH *lislís

to roll up, as a mat -PMP *lulun

to roll up, as a mat -PAN *luluN

to scoop up, as with a fish net -PAN *k<um>auS

to scoop up, skim from the surface -PPH *s<um>aRap

to scratch up the earth, as a fowl -POC *kakar-i

to scratch up the ground, as chickens -PWMP *kais-an

to serve food, dish up food -PPH *dúlut

to speed up, increase the pace of something -PPH *paspas-an₂

to spoon or ladle up -PPh *maŋ-qidus

to stack up -PAN *susuN

to stack up, pile in layers -PMP *susun

to stay up all night, continue until daybreak -PPH *damaR₂

to stuff, pack, fill up -POC *sosok

to subside, dry up -PPh *h<um>ebás

to suck up, suck out -PMP *mismis₂

to suck, sip, soak up -PWMP *maŋ-qisep

to tie up, tighten a rope -PPH *higút

to turn, roll over; grind up -PWMP *g<um>iliŋ

to wake someone up -PWMP *pukaw₃

to wake up early, be early in rising -PPH *lukag

to wake up, rouse someone from sleep -POC *paŋun

to wave, wag (tail); to stir (people) up -PAN *kiwkiw

to wrap up, bundle up -PWMP *maŋ-buŋkus

to wrap, tie up or tie together -PPH *puŋus

toss up, throw into the air -PWMP *talaŋ₂

trellis for plants to grow up -PWMP *paraq paraq

turn up at the edge, expose the bottom side -PWMP *lukab

unfold, open up, blossom -PPh *buk(e)lad

up to the knees -PPH *taRa-tuhud

up to, as far as -PWMP *taman

up to, as far as, until -PMP *sampay₂

up to, until, as far as -PWMP *qeŋgah

up, above -POC *laŋi₂

up, above -POC *laka₁

use up supplies -PWMP *seked

wake up, get out of bed -PAN *baŋuN

was chopped up -PAN *t<in>ektek

well up - *(noise)

what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding -PPH *g<in>iliŋ

wind around, roll up -PWMP *letlet

wrap up; bundle, bundle of firewood -POC *pokos

wrap, bundle up -PWMP *kabat₁

upon

attack suddenly, fall upon - *(loan)

meet, encounter, happen upon -PPH *tag(e)búq

preposition, on, upon; applicative marker -PWMP *aken₂

to force upon, oppress -PPH *luges

upper surface, top; highlands; on, upon, over, above -PAN *babaw₃

upper

head-end, upper part -PAN *qulu qulu

head-end, upper part -PMP *qulu-an

upper arm -PWMP *beteken

upper lip (?) -PWMP *munuŋ

upper lip, snout, muzzle -PPH *suŋu₂

upper surface, top, above -PCEMP *bobo₂

upper surface, top, above -PMP *bawbaw

upper surface, top; highlands; on, upon, over, above -PAN *babaw₃

upright

erect, stand upright -PWMP *ma-baŋun

raise, place something upright -PWMP *baŋun-an

true, correct, upright -POC *bonor₁

upright, erect -PMP *tenzeg, te(n)dek

wake someone, rouse someone from sleep; erect something, put something in an upright position -PMP *baŋun₂

upriver

upriver, toward the interior -POC *raya

upriver, toward the interior -PAN *daya

uproot

pluck, uproot -PMP *paRut

pull out, uproot -POC *iput₂

pull out, uproot -PMP *ibut₁

pull out, uproot (as plants); pluck (as hair or feathers) -POC *puput-i

pull out, uproot, pluck -PMP *butbut-i

root up the ground, of a pig; uproot -PMP *sual

to pluck, pull out, uproot -PWMP *maŋ-butbut

to pull out, uproot -PPH *bunút-en

to pull out, uproot -POC *saput

to uproot, expose by uncovering -PPH *lukat₂

uproot a tree -PPh *buál

uproot a tree -PPh *buág

uproot, pluck, pull out - *-dut(root)

uproot, pull out by the roots -POC *Raput

uproot, pull out by the roots -PMP *Rabut

uproot, pull out by the roots -PAN *RabuC

uprooted

levered up; uprooted -POC *puqal

levered up; uprooted -PCEMP *buqal

uprooted, of a tree -PPh *ma-buál

uprooting

pulling out, uprooting -PPH *búnut

upset

angry, upset -PMP *qiŋet

emotionally upset - *(noise)

upside

turn over, roll over; transform; upside down -POC *buliŋ

upside-down

inverted, reversed, upside-down -PPH *tumbalik

upstream

follow the edge of a body of water, as in going upstream -PMP *sulsul₁

go upstream -PWMP *um-udahik

to go upstream, ascend a river -PPH *súbaq

upstream part of a river -PWMP *udahik

upstream; before -PMP *di qulu

upward

heave upward -PWMP *hampul

look upward -POC *tadra

look upward -POC *taŋar

look upward -PWMP *taŋaq₂

look upward -PMP *taŋad

look upward -PWMP *ŋadaq

look upward - *-ŋag(root)

look upward, look up to -PWMP *tiŋadaq

sloping upward; to climb a mountain -PAN *tukad₂

to look upward -PPH *taŋay₁

to look upward -PMP *taŋada

to look upward -PWMP *t<um>iŋadaq

to look upward; face upward -POC *tadal

to tear with an upward motion -PPH *bak(e)nis

upward - *(noise)

urchin

body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁

pig bristles; type of sea urchin with thin black spines -PMP *bulu ni babuy

sea urchin with long black spines -PPH *tayeŋ

sea urchin with short spines -POC *saRawaki

sharp-pointed object, possibly sea urchin -PEMP *sala

spiny sea urchin -POC *salaŋ

Urena

a plant:Urena lobata -PAN *puluC

urge

incite, urge on, stir up -PWMP *asag

to urge, press on insistently -PWMP *perper₂

urinate

to urinate; urine -PMP *mimi

urinate -PMP *kemiq

urine, urinate -PMP *miqmiq

urine, urinate -PAN *iSiq

urine, urinate -PAN *iSeq

urine; to urinate -PPH *tiq(e)ris

urine; urinate -POC *mimiq

urine; urinate -PMP *ihiq

urine

odor of urine - *(loan)

stench of urine -PPh *qaŋ(e)su

stench of urine -PAN *qaŋeseR

to urinate; urine -PMP *mimi

urine -PAN *sibu

urine, urinate -PMP *miqmiq

urine, urinate -PAN *iSiq

urine, urinate -PAN *iSeq

urine; to urinate -PPH *tiq(e)ris

urine; urinate -POC *mimiq

urine; urinate -PMP *ihiq

urn

kind of urn for storing food -PPH *kam(e)qáw

Ursus

the Malayan honey bear:Ursus malayanus -PWMP *biRuaŋ

the Malayan sun bear:Ursus malayanus -PWMP *baRuaŋ

use

a tree with edible fruit, and medicinal uses, probablyBuchanania arborescens -PMP *balunuR

collect stones(?), use stones for a purpose -PWMP *ma-matu

do, make, create, perform; to work; to wager: deed; thing; creation; behavior, conduct, performance; work; a bet; because, on account of, through the action of; need, use for something; necessary; for (benefactive) -PMP *buhat₂

end, terminate, finish, use up - *-bus(root)

finish, use up -PWMP *timpus

gather sand, use sand -PWMP *maŋ-qenay

insert, wedge in; prepare something for use -PWMP *pasaŋ₂

pay for the use of something -PWMP *maŋ-upaq

save, not use - *(noise)

thrifty; to use sparingly -PWMP *inut

to consume totally, use up -PPH *sipet

to finish, consume, use up -PPH *ubus

to use -PPH *gámit

to use -PPH *Rámit

to use an umbrella or parasol -PWMP *ma-mayuŋ

to use as bait -PPH *i-paen

use a torch, as in fishing -PWMP *me-ñuluq

use sparingly -PWMP *imit

use sparingly, a little at a time -PWMP *qinut

use up supplies -PWMP *seked

use while still ripe -PWMP *maŋ-hataq

use, get use from -PWMP *agem₂

use, wear, dress up in finery - *(loan)

used

Hibiscus tiliaceus, a tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage; to lash, tie, bind -POC *paRu

a cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears:Coix lachryma-jobi L. -PMP *zelay

a charm used to control someone magically -PPH *Ramut₂

a jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets -POC *kabe₁

a person who turns or grinds something; an instrument used for rolling or grinding -PWMP *paŋ-giliŋ

a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -POC *punat

a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PMP *bunat

a plant with flowers the shape of a dog's tail, used to treat abscesses -PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu

a plant with root used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PWMP *tub(e)liq

a plant, the bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting:Maranta dichotoma -PWMP *banban

a small tree with leaves used as medicine:Citrus aurantifolia -PPH *dayap

a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo:Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. -PPH *gúguq

accustomed to, skilled at, used to -PPH *anad

anything used for salting, salting instrument -PWMP *paŋ-qasin

anything used to make charcoal -PPh *qujiŋ-en

bailer, instrument used for bailing -PMP *la-limas

bamboo cross-lath used to hold down roof thatch -PWMP *belit₁

bamboo tube used as a storage container -PWMP *buŋbuŋ₁

bamboo used as a storage container -PMP *putuŋ₁

basketlike container used to steam rice -PWMP *kuskus-an₂

bivalve species used as a scraper -POC *kaRi₂

bolo used in agricultural work -PPH *baduŋ

carved wooden figure, charm used to provide magical protection -PMP *uduq₂

chopping block used to prepare food -PWMP *saŋkalan

clip used to fasten things together -PPH *siR(e)pít

closed bamboo internode used as a container for salt, valuables, etc. -PWMP *tubuŋ

cloth used for shawl - *(loan)

cloth used to carry a child on the back -PMP *haban

cloth used to carry a child on the back -PAN *SabaN

deep resounding sound; slit-gong, hollowed tree trunk used to send messages -PAN *kuŋkuŋ₁

derivational circumfix, probably used to form deverbal nouns of location -PWMP *paR- ... -an

derivational prefix, used to form deverbal nouns -PWMP *paR-

domestic chicken used as a decoy to attract a wild fowl into a trap -PPH *pa-ŋátiq

domestic fowl used as a decoy or lure to capture wild fowl -PPH *káti

domestic fowl used as a decoy or lure to capture wild fowl -PPH *kátiq

end, finish; used up, finished -PMP *upus

fern used for tying and binding -POC *qasam

field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan

finished, used up -POC *qoti

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabis

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabiq

firewood, what is used to make a fire -POC *papian

firewood, what is used to make a fire -PMP *pa-hapuy-an

frighten off birds or animals from the fields; place used to frighten off birds or animals from the fields -PWMP *buRaw-an

fuel for fire, anything used to start a fire -PPH *hátuŋ

gone, used up -PMP *mampus

hard stone used to make tools -POC *nadi

heap, pile; elevated platform used as a look-out -PWMP *paŋguŋ

herb used in making baskets:Donax cannaeformis -PWMP *benben₂

herb used in making baskets:Donax cannaeformis -PWMP *benban

hunting bow; bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber -PMP *busuR₂

hunting net; net used in hunting -PPH *batéŋ

improvised purse or bag, folded cloth used to carry things -PWMP *puyuŋ

instrument used for eating -PAN *Si-kaen

instrument used to press -PWMP *paŋ-hapit

interjection used to call a dog -PPH *tútuq

interjection used to chase off animal -PMP *isu₂

interjection used to halt a carabao in the fields -PPH *luá

join together; beams used in house construction -PWMP *lipit

kind of brush made from coconut husk, used to scrub or polish a surface or to treat threads before weaving -PWMP *sikat

kind of ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish:Diospyros spp. -PPH *kanúmay

kind of mangrove,Ceriops spp., with bark used for dyeing -PMP *teŋeR

kind of seaweed used to paint canoes -POC *boma

kind of tree the leaves of which are used as poultices for boils -PMP *buqaR

knapsack, bag used when on journeys -PWMP *buntil

large jar used to store rice wine -PWMP *tapay-an

leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects -PEMP *raun

leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects -PCEMP *daun

long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying -PMP *habit

long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying -PAN *Sabit

long feathers used for personal adornment -PAN-F *RiNaS

material used to make rope -PWMP *pa-nalih

mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper -POC *kukur

net bag used by men for carrying things on back -PAN-F *kaway₃

nominative case marker for singular personal names or kin terms used as personal names -PAN *si₁

ornamental shrub used for hedgesGraptophyllum pictum -PWMP *qatay qatay₂

palm used to make hats and fans -PWMP *silad

pandanus sp., used in making mats -PMP *kiRay

paper mulberry tree:Brousonnetia papyrifera, used to make bark cloth; men’s loincloth made from this material -PCEMP *malaw

particle used to soften questions or turn statements into rhetorical questions -PPH *taq₂

person who peels; thing used to peel (?) -PWMP *pa-ŋulit

piece of wood used for a purpose; lie athwart, as a beam -PWMP *bali(n)taŋ

plant sp.:Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets -PMP *niniq₁

plant used as fish poison -POC *(bp)una

plant used for perfuming the body -POC *bubu₃

plant with leaves used as a vegetable:Talinum paniculatum orTalinum triangulare -PPH *talínum

possessive marker used with inalienable pronouns -POC *o₂

potsherd used as a frying pan -POC *palaŋa

rattan basket used to carry garden produce, etc. -PWMP *karanzaŋ

rim used to fortify (as on a basket) -PWMP *biŋkay

sap used as birdlime -PWMP *pikat

sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts; digging stick, coconut husking stick -POC *kojom

shell disk used as ear-ring -POC *sabi-sabi

sled or board used for dragging materials (?) -PPH *gúyud-an

slender bamboo used for binding -PPH *bayug

snake venom; plant poison used on tips of arrows -PPH *dítaq

sound used to call puppies -PWMP *kuyuk

sound used to shoo away domestic animals -PWMP *cik

spear used in warfare; throw a spear at someone -PPH *bákal

species of climber used for decorative purposes -POC *bua bua

species of palm used for making spears and bows; palm-wood spear or bow -POC *bual bual

sticks or other markers used as aids in calculation -PWMP *bilaŋ-bilaŋ

stop, end, finish, complete; finished, used up -PMP *qeti₃

substance used in fermenting palm wine - *(noise)

sun hat, used to provide shade -PPH *taduŋ

tame, accustomed, used to -POC *lasa₁

the hard outer wood of a palm trunk, used in making bows -PPH *báhiq

thing used to knock or pound -PWMP *p<um>ekpek

thread or fibers used in weaving -PWMP *rambut

thread used for sewing (?) -PAN *Ca-CaqiS

thwart, crosspiece, as one used to restrain person; lie athwart or across -PWMP *balagbag

to look, gaze; water used as a mirror -POC *ti-tiro

tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching -PMP *qapit

tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching -PAN *qapiC

tree resin used in torches (?) -PAN *damaR₁

tree with fiber used to make fish nets -POC *tail

tree with wood used to make fireplows -POC *qalo₂

tubular basket used to carry and store rice or sago -PWMP *basuŋ

type of wild vine used to blacken the teeth -PPH *amuluŋ

wedge, piece used to stabilize surfaces -PPH *taŋén

what is used for getting something -PWMP *paŋ-alaq

what is used to roof -PWMP *paŋ-qatep

wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo -POC *sau₃

woman’s skirt; cloth used for clothing -PWMP *kain

word used to call chickens, etc. -PMP *kur

word used to call chickens, etc. -PMP *kuru₁

yardarm, sheet of a sail, sticks used to turn the sail -POC *jila

useful

a plant yielding useful fibers:Thespesia populnea -PMP *balu₁

kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting -PCEMP *ima₂

kind of useful stone -PPH *kamaŋa

tree with inedible white fruit and root that yields a useful dye:Morinda citrifolia L. -POC *ñoñu

tree with white fruit and roots that yield a useful dye:Morinda citrifolia -PCEMP *ñəñu

tree with white fruit and roots that yield a useful dye:Morinda citrifolia -PWMP *baŋkudu

using

puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun -PMP *putput₂

to pick, as fruit from a tree using a pole with a hook -PPH *su(ŋ)kit-en

usual

just, merely, only, usual -PPH *sená

usually

palm leaf awning, usually on boats -PMP *kazaŋ₂

utensils

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PEMP *uRas

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PMP *huRas

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PAN *SuRas

uterus

womb, uterus; birth canal -PWMP *paR-anak-an

utmost

do one's utmost - *(loan)

uvula

uvula -PWMP *anak nu dilaq