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saccharifera

the sugar palmArenga saccharifera,Arenga pinnata -PWMP *izuk

Saccharum

kind of reed or cane, includingSaccharum spontaneum -POC *pijo

sugarcane:Saccharum officinarum -PMP *tebuh₁

sugarcane:Saccharum officinarum -PAN *tebuS

sugarcane:Saccharum officinarum -PMP *tebuh₂

sugarcane:Saccharum officinarum -PAN *CebuS

sack

bag, sack -PAN *lubuk₃

bag, sack - *(loan)

burst open, as an overfilled sack -PMP *betus

netbag, sack, pocket -POC *taŋa₂

sack - *(loan)

to make holes in sacks of rice, etc., as chickens or rats do -PPH *butbut₃

sacred

holy sacred - *(loan)

sacred place -PWMP *tampuk₂

sacrifice

animal sacrifice -PPh *palis₃

sacrifice - *(loan)

sacrifice to the spirits -PPh *átaŋ₄

sacrificed

ritually sacrificed monkey? -PAN-F *uŋay

sad

feel sad about, deplore -PWMP *iruq

saddle

saddle - *(loan)

safekeeping

save, in safekeeping - *(loan)

something given to another for safekeeping (?) -PMP *pa-taRuq

to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq

safflower:Carthamus tinctorius

safflower,Carthamus tinctorius - *(loan)

sag

sag, bend under weight -PWMP *luyut

sag, droop -PWMP *luyu

sago

dry sago branch -PMP *kumbal

extract the pith from the sago palm -PMP *saku₁

processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm -PMP *sagu₁

rice or sago cake (used as an offering?) -PWMP *tumpiq

sago flour -PMP *palu₁

sago grub -PMP *qabatiR

sago grub -POC *qapatoR

sago grub -PMP *qabateR

sago grub -POC *qapator

sago grub -PMP *qabated

sago palm -PMP *Rumbia

sago palm -POC *Rabia

sago palm -PMP *Rambia

sago palm - *(noise)

tubular basket used to carry and store rice or sago -PWMP *basuŋ

said

it is said, people say..... -PWMP *kenu

it is said, people say..... -PWMP *ken

it is said, people say..... -PPH *kunuq

it is said, people say..... -PMP *kunu₂

what has been said/done (to cause someone to react)? -PAN *k<in>uja

sail

prop, support, as the boom of a sail -PWMP *sukuŋ

sail -PAN *layaR

sail along the coast (?) -PWMP *susuR

sail along the coast, follow the coast in voyaging -PMP *siDsiD

to sail -PCEMP *pa-layaR

to sail, set sail -PWMP *maR-layaR

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq-a

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq

to wind, curve, turn to the side; to tack, sail into the wind -PMP *biluk

unit of measure for cloth, sails, etc. -PWMP *bidaŋ

yardarm, sheet of a sail, sticks used to turn the sail -POC *jila

sailboat

kind of sailboat -PWMP *padaw

sailfin

sailfin tang:Zebrasoma veliferum -POC *piRa₂

sailfish

sailfish, swordfish -PMP *saku-layaR

sailfish:Istiophoridae -POC *piRu-piRu

sailing

kind of sailing boat -PMP *baluk₁

salary

wages, salary -PWMP *tendan

saliva

saliva -PAN *ludaq

saliva -PPH *láway

saliva in the mouth; drool; desire, crave, lust for -POC *ipoR

saliva in the mouth; drool; desire, crave, lust for -PMP *ibeR

saliva, drivel -PAN *ŋajay

saliva, spittle -PWMP *qizuR

saliva; to spit -PWMP *zulaq

saliva; to spit -PWMP *luzaq

saliva; to spit -PMP *ludaq

saliva; to spit -PMP *dulaq

spittle, saliva -PMP *suba

spittle, saliva -PMP *iluR₁

spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -POC *puRa

spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -PMP *buRah

salt

closed bamboo internode used as a container for salt, valuables, etc. -PWMP *tubuŋ

place where salt is found; salt beds -PPh *paŋ-qasin-an

preserve meat in salt or brine -PAN *baleŋ₂

put salt on -PWMP *qasin-i

salt -PAN-F *timu

salt -PAN *timus

salt -PAN *qasiRa

salt - *(loan)

salt something, put salt on -PWMP *qasiRa-i

to salt meat or fish for storing -PPH *lamuq

to salt, put salt on something -PWMP *maŋ-qasin

what has been salted; food preserved in salt -PWMP *q<in>asin

salted

anything which has been salted -PAN *qasiRa-en

be salted -PWMP *qasin-en

place salted -PWMP *qasin-an

what has been salted; food preserved in salt -PWMP *q<in>asin

saltiness

saltiness, salty taste -PAN *qasiN

salting

anything used for salting, salting instrument -PWMP *paŋ-qasin

saltwater

sea, saltwater -PMP *tasik

salty

saltiness, salty taste -PAN *qasiN

salty -PMP *ma-qasin

salty, brackish -PCEMP *maqasin

salve

salve, ointment - *(loan)

sambar

deer of the genusCervus, either the sika deer or sambar deer -PAN-F *benan

Sambucus

a plant:Sambucus formosana -PAN *Nayad

same

elder same sex sibling -POC *tuaka

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *kaka₂

elder sibling of the same sex -POC *toka

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *teka₂

mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order -PWMP *sama

namesake, have the same name as someone else -PWMP *saŋay

same kind or type; fitting; well-matched; suitable -PWMP *bagay

same, equal, like -PWMP *pada

sibling-in-law of the same sex -POC *ipaR-

twins of the same sex -PMP *habij

twins of the same sex -POC *apic

twins of the same sex -PAN *Sabij

younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PMP *huaji-q

younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PWMP *huaji-ŋ

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -POC *taci

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *ta-huaji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PWMP *paR-huaji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PCEMP *waji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *huaji

same-sex

same-sex sibling (?) -POC *tuRa-

sanctum

a strongly-scented plant:Ocimum sanctum L. -PWMP *kamaŋi

sand

coarse sand, gravel -PPH *pantaR

feel with the feet, as in finding clams under the sand -PPH *sedsed₃

gather sand, use sand -PWMP *maŋ-qenay

grit, coarse sand, gravel -PMP *badas

kind of bird that buries its eggs deep in the sand -PPH *tabun₁

sand -PAN *bunaj

sand -POC *qone

sand -PAN *qenay

sand - *(loan)

sand - *(noise)

sand crab -PMP *kaRuki

sand, sandbank -POC *pika

sandbank, sand spit, shoal -PWMP *buhaŋin

to cover with earth, sand, etc. -PMP *tabun₂

sandal

sandal - *(loan)

sandbank

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

sand, sandbank -POC *pika

sandbank, sand spit, shoal -PWMP *buhaŋin

sandbank, sandbar; shore, beach -PWMP *pantad

sandbank, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR

sandbar

sandbank, sandbar; shore, beach -PWMP *pantad

sandbar, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR-an

sandfly

gnat, sandfly -POC *nonok

gnat, sandfly, fruit fly -PMP *neknek

sandfly -PMP *niniq₂

sandfly -PPH *taRenek

sandfly - *(loan)

tiny biting insect: gnat, sandfly -PMP *ñikñik

Sandoricum indicum

tree with edible fruitSandoricum indicum orSandoricum koetjape - *(loan)

sandpaper

scale, balance for weighing things - *(loan)

to sandpaper -PWMP *q<um>a(m)pelas

to sandpaper, smooth by abrasion -PWMP *maŋ-qa(m)pelas

tree with leaves like sandpaper:Ficus spp. -PMP *qa(m)pelas

sandpapered

be sandpapered, smoothed by abrasion -PWMP *qa(m)pelas-en

sandpiper

a bird: the sandpiper (?) -PAN *suiq

long-legged shore-bird, the sandpiper or snipe -PPh *balalaŋ₂

shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover -POC *kiwiwi

sandpiper sp.

sandpiper sp., plover sp. - *(near)

sandy

creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory:Ipomoea pes-caprae -PPH *balinu

sandy -POC *qone qone

sandy soil (?) -POC *bia

sandy(?) -PMP *qenay qenay

sap

a tree:Antiaris toxicaria; poison for blowpipe darts made from the sap of this tree -PWMP *qipuq

birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc. -PMP *pulut

juice; sap; gravy; soup -PMP *zuRuq

sap of a tree -PPH *tagek

sap of a tree or plant -PAN *Niteq

sap of a tree or plant -PMP *liteq

sap used as birdlime -PWMP *pikat

sap, gummy secretion -PWMP *geteq

sap, gummy secretion - *-teq(root)

sap, resin, sticky secretion -PWMP *gateq

sticky sap -PPH *tegék

tree sp. with poisonous sap -PPH *dayaŋdáŋ

tree with poisonous sap -PWMP *iŋas

tree with poisonous sap -PMP *butaq₂

tree with poisonous sap, (probablyAntiaris toxicaria) -PMP *laji₁

sapientum

banana:Musa sapientum L. -PAN-F *beNbeN

cooking banana:Musa sapientum Linn. var compressa. Blanco -PWMP *sabeqa

Sapindus

soapberry:Sapindus mukrossi,S. saponaria -PAN-F *daqu₂

saponaria

soapberry:Sapindus mukrossi,S. saponaria -PAN-F *daqu₂

Sapotaceae

a tree:Ganua obovatifolia.(Merr.),Sapotaceae -PPH *piaŋa

sappan

a tree:Caesalpinia sappan -PWMP *sapaŋ

the sappan tree:Caesalpinia sappan L. -PPH *sibukaw

sardine

a fish: sardine spp. -PWMP *tamban

kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy -PMP *paya

sardine, anchovy -POC *tañipa

small marine fish: sardine or anchovy -PWMP *bilis

sarong

sarong, wrap-around waist cloth - *(near)

step into clothing, put on a sarong -PMP *saRuk

sated

glutted, sated; swollen (of the belly) -PMP *be(n)tur

glutted, sated; swollen (of the belly) -PMP *be(n)tuR

sated with -PWMP *ka-besuR-an

satiate

able to satiate, able to satisfy one's appetite -PWMP *maka-besuR

to cloy, satiate, do something to excess and so lose interest -PPh *s<um>aweqaq

satiated

be satiated, given a full belly -PWMP *besuR-en

satiated - *(noise)

satiated, full (of the stomach) -PPh *bútil

satiated, full after eating -PPh *biaR₂

satiated, full from eating -PPh *maR-besuR

satiated, full from eating -PAN *ma-besuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *bisuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -POC *bosuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *besuR

satisfied from having eaten enough; satiated -PWMP *busuR₃

satiatiated

satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating); fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food -POC *masuR

satiation

satisfaction, satiation -PMP *ka-besuR

satisfaction

satisfaction, satiation -PMP *ka-besuR

satisfied

content, satisfied - *(loan)

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *bisuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -POC *bosuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *besuR

satisfied from having eaten enough; satiated -PWMP *busuR₃

satisfy

able to satiate, able to satisfy one's appetite -PWMP *maka-besuR

sativa

cucumber:Cucumis sativa L. -PMP *qatimun

sativus

cucumber:Cucumis sativus -PAN-F *baRat₂

saturated

soaked, saturated, full of liquid -POC *toRop

soaked, saturated, full of liquid; crowded or filled to overflowing -PMP *teReb

sauce

to cook fish in a rich, spicy sauce -PWMP *paŋat

to dip food in sauce -PPH *teltel

sauté

sauté, fry in fat - *(loan)

save

save, in safekeeping - *(loan)

save, not use - *(noise)

save, rescue -POC *saRop

save, rescue -PMP *saRep

save, spare the life of -PMP *paka-qudip

to save, rescue -PPH *lig(e)tas

savor

to taste, savor something -PPH *mag-námit

savory

savory, tasty - *-ñam(root)

tasty, savory -PPH *ma-ñañam

saw

fire saw; tie a tool around the hand or some other fixture -PPH *kulili

saw, tool for sawing - *(loan)

sawdust

dust, sawdust -PMP *qabuk

sawdust, wood shavings - *(loan)

sawing

to cut with sawing motion -PPH *gelgél

say

it is said, people say..... -PWMP *kenu

it is said, people say..... -PWMP *ken

it is said, people say..... -PPH *kunuq

it is said, people say..... -PMP *kunu₂

mouth, opening; speak, say -PMP *baqbaq

say, tell - *(noise)

say, tell; speak -POC *kaRu₂

say, want to - *(noise)

speak, say something, tell -PPH *suysuy

to say -PCMP *bei

to say, tell -PCMP *beŋa₂

to speak, talk, say -PWMP *kuan₂

scab

scab -PWMP *kuRan

scab on a wound -PAN *keRan₁

scab, crust -PMP *baku

scab, crust on a wound -PAN *keRaŋ₂

sore, scab - *(noise)

scabies

be affected by itching, be infected with scabies or other itchy skin disorders -PWMP *gatel-en

scabies, mange - *(near)

scurfy skin disease; scabies -PAN *kuris₁

scurfy skin disease; scabies -PAN *kudis

scad

a fish: the big-eyed scadTrachurops crumenophthalmus -PMP *qatulay

scaffolding

scaffolding, support -PWMP *pala pala₁

scald

to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn -PPH *pásuq

to scald food in hot water -PPH *lapu₁

scalded

be scorched, scalded -PPH *ma-pásuq

scale

balance scales -PWMP *timbaŋ-an

fish scale -PAN *quSeNap

fish scales (collective?) -PMP *qunap qunap

scale for weighing, balance - *(loan)

scale of a fish -PMP *enap

scale of fish -PMP *quhenap

scale of fish, lizard or snake; shell of turtle or tortoise -PMP *siksik₂

scale of fish, shell of turtle -POC *qunap₂

scale of fish, turtle shell -PCEMP *qunap₁

scale, balance for weighing things - *(loan)

scales of fish or snake -PCEMP *qunep

to scale a fish -POC *qunap-ia

to scale a fish -POC *qunap-i

scaled

to be scaled, as fish -PWMP *siksik-an

scalp

sores on the scalp; 'cradle cap' -PWMP *buduk

scaly

disease which produces scaly skin: ichthyosis -PWMP *bugis

pangolin, scaly anteater -PAN *qaRem

scaly anteater

scaly anteater - *(loan)

scandens

a vine:Entada scandens -PWMP *baluRu

scapula

scapula -PWMP *qali-peqip

scapula, shoulder blade -PWMP *balikat

scar

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

scar -PWMP *pilat

scar -PWMP *ulat

scar -PMP *pilaɁ

scar -PWMP *kulad

scar -PMP *kiras

scar -PMP *birat

scar -POC *piras

scar -PMP *biras₁

scar -POC *pilat₂

scar -PMP *bilat₂

scar -PPh *bik(e)lát

scar -PMP *balaŋ₁

scar - *-lat₂(root)

scar - *(near)

scarecrow

scarecrow device in paddy field - *(near)

Scarus

parrot fish:Scarus spp. -PPH *mulmúl

scatter

break up, fall into pieces, scatter, disperse -PWMP *baRbaR

scatter - *(noise)

scatter to and fro -PWMP *liwed

scatter, disperse -PPh *wat(e)nág

scatter, disperse -PWMP *ampuk

scatter, strew -PPh *warák

scatter, strew -PWMP *imbuR

scatter, strew about -PPh *wákat

scatter, strew about -PWMP *buras

sow, scatter, broadcast seed -PWMP *sa(m)beR

sow, strew, scatter -PWMP *sabuD

sow, strew, scatter -PMP *ebuR

sprinkle, scatter (seed, etc.) -PMP *kambuR

strew, scatter -PWMP *tabuD

strew, scatter, sprinkle -PWMP *qambuR

strew, scatter, sprinkle -PWMP *qabud

to scatter things about -PPH *waság

to scatter wildly -PPH *sabuag

to sow, scatter; scattered about; splash water on something -PMP *sabuR

to strew, scatter, as seed -POC *tabuR₁

to strew, scatter, as seed -PMP *tabuR₁

to strew, scatter, sprinkle -POC *sapuR

scattered

scattered about -PPH *watak-watak

scattered, strewn about -PWMP *sirak₂

to sow, scatter; scattered about; splash water on something -PMP *sabuR

scavenger

scavenger fish:Lethrinus spp. -POC *oka oka

scent

smell, odor, scent -POC *bona₁

to scent, as an animal following prey -PPH *sáŋu

scheme

intelligence, craft, scheme - *(loan)

trick, ruse, scheme, wits - *(loan)

Schizostachyum

type of slender bamboo;Schizostachyum spp. -PAN *buluq₂

Schleichera

a tree:Schleichera trijuga -PMP *kasambiʔ

scholaris

a tree:Alstonia scholaris -POC *sabakap

a tree:Alstonia scholaris -PMP *ditaq

school

group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster -POC *putu, butu

group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster -PCEMP *butu₂

Schoutenia

tree sp.:Schoutenia ovata -PMP *kukun

scissors

scissors - *(loan)

Scomberoides

a fish:Scomberoides sp. -PMP *daRi

Scomberomorini

Spanish mackerel, kingfish:Scomberomorini spp. -PMP *taŋiRi

Scomberomorus

Spanish mackerel, kingfish:Scomberomorus spp. -PWMP *taŋgiRi

scoop

coconut shell bowl or water scoop -PPH *húŋut

dip net, scoop net -PMP *lawaq₁

dipper, scoop; to scoop, ladle up -PAN *taku₂

fetch water, scoop up water -PMP *qasu₁

fetch water, scoop up water -PMP *asu₂

ladle, dipper, scoop, cup -POC *kapuq

ladle, dipper, scoop, cup -PMP *kabuq

scoop net -PAN *RauS

scoop up -PAN-F *k<um>ahuS

scoop up -PAN-F *kahuS

scoop up - *(noise)

scoop up in a net; fetch water by scooping up -PMP *saruk

scoop up water -POC *tapuq

scoop up water; water scoop or dipper -PMP *tabuq

scoop up with a net; catch with snare -PPH *ma-ñiluʔ

scoop up with both hands -PMP *saRup₁

scoop up with both hands; a double handful -PMP *aŋkup₁

scoop up, as with a fish net -PAN *kauS

scoop up, skim from the surface -PPH *saRap

scoop, scooping tool -PPH *likup₂

spoon, ladle, scoop -PMP *sudu

to catch with a net, scoop up -PPH *siluʔ-en

to scoop up, as with a fish net -PAN *k<um>auS

to scoop up, skim from the surface -PPH *s<um>aRap

scooping

scoop up in a net; fetch water by scooping up -PMP *saruk

scoop, scooping tool -PPH *likup₂

scoop (water)

dipper, scoop (water) - *(loan)

scorch

to singe, scorch -PPH *sirub

scorched

be scorched, scalded -PPH *ma-pásuq

dried up, scorched, shrivelled -POC *koRaŋ₁

score

drawn, tied, even in score - *(loan)

scorpion

scorpion - *(loan)

scour

rub, scour - *(noise)

rub, scour, scrub -PMP *isut₂

scrape, scour - *(noise)

to grate, scour, rub hard on something -PPH *ŋusŋús

to rub vigorously, scour -PPH *RasRas

scout

spy, scout, one who looks for possible danger ahead -PMP *mata-mata

scrape

cut chips or bits from something, scrape off -PPH *dapdáp

rub against, scrape, scratch -PMP *garut

rub, scrape against -PAN *gisgis₁

scrape -PMP *kuhkuh

scrape -PAN *kuSkuS₂

scrape -PWMP *kurud

scrape -PAN *kiRus

scrape -PWMP *kaus

scrape -PAN *kaRus

scrape -PWMP *gut

scrape -PWMP *baRus

scrape - *(noise)

scrape off -PAN *kutkut₂

scrape off -PAN *kiSkiS

scrape or rub off -PPh *hírud

scrape or scratch with the hand - *(noise)

scrape out, as meat from a coconut -PWMP *suqsuq

scrape something off a surface so as to uncover it -PPH *kuykúy₂

scrape, grate -PPH *kagúd

scrape, grate -PWMP *kerud

scrape, grate -POC *pari₁

scrape, grate -PWMP *kerus₁

scrape, grate, as coconut preparatory to cooking -POC *korit

scrape, grate, rasp -PMP *kaRud

scrape, rasp -PAN *karut₁

scrape, rub -PWMP *rudrud

scrape, rub against -PWMP *saRud

scrape, scour - *(noise)

scrape, scratch -PPH *kaRiskis

scrape, scratch -POC *kakas

scrape, scratch -PMP *kaskas₂

scrape, scratch - *(near)

scrape, scratch something from a surface -PWMP *k<ar>uhkuh

scrape, scratch something from a surface -PAN *k<ar>uSkuS

scrape, shave -POC *kori

scrape, shave (as rattan) -PWMP *aRud

scratch up, scrape up -PMP *gaRuk

scratch, grate, scrape - *-kis₁(root)

scratch, scrape -POC *kokos

scratch, scrape -POC *palus

scratch, scrape -PAN *keskes₁

scratch, scrape -PMP *karis₁

scratch, scrape -PCEMP *erit

scratch, scrape - *-rud(root)

scratch, scrape, peel -POC *orit

to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line -PMP *garis

to rub against, scrape, scratch -PMP *g<um>arut

to scrape -PAN *k<um>uSkuS

to scrape -POC *paro

to scrape off -PWMP *kiskis-en

to scrape off -PWMP *kiskis-an

to scrape off, peel off -POC *karasi

to scrape or scrub out, remove by scraping -PPh *kuskus-an₂

to scrape out -PWMP *kuskus₂

to scrape smooth, to plane a surface -PAN-F *RuSRuS

to scrape, abrade -POC *kakas-i

to scrape, as coconut meat from a shell; to grate, as coconut meat -POC *isi₄

to scrape, rasp, grate, as in grating coconuts -PMP *kuDkuD

to scrape, scratch, rub -PAN *gusgus

to scrape, with motion away from body -POC *ori

to scrape; scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell:Asaphis spp. -POC *kasi

to scratch, scrape -POC *kari

to scratch, scrape -PAN *karus

to scratch, scrape -POC *karis₂

to scratch, scrape off -PPH *kudkud-én

to shave, scrape off -PAN *kiskis

scraped

scraped or filed down -PPh *iqit

scraper

bivalve species used as a scraper -POC *kaRi₂

mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper -POC *kukur

to scrape; scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell:Asaphis spp. -POC *kasi

scraping

sound of scraping or scratching -PMP *gerit

to scrape or scrub out, remove by scraping -PPh *kuskus-an₂

scratch

line, scratch, furrow -PPH *gúlis

line; scratch a line -PAN *guris

rub against, scrape, scratch -PMP *garut

scrape or scratch with the hand - *(noise)

scrape, scratch -PPH *kaRiskis

scrape, scratch -POC *kakas

scrape, scratch -PMP *kaskas₂

scrape, scratch - *(near)

scrape, scratch something from a surface -PWMP *k<ar>uhkuh

scrape, scratch something from a surface -PAN *k<ar>uSkuS

scratch -PMP *garus

scratch -PMP *kamit

scratch -PWMP *kamas

scratch a line -PMP *taris

scratch a line -PMP *turis₂

scratch a line -PAN *Curis

scratch a line -PWMP *berit₁

scratch a line - *-ris₂(root)

scratch a line - *-rit (or *-reclit?)(root)

scratch a line, make a long shallow cut -PAN *turis

scratch mark, line -PMP *kur(e)qit

scratch or wale on the skin -PMP *balar

scratch or wale on the skin -PMP *balan

scratch the ground, as a chicken does -PWMP *kahir

scratch the ground, as a chicken does -PWMP *kahiR

scratch up the earth, as a fowl -PAN *karkar

scratch up the ground, as chickens -PWMP *kaqis

scratch up the soil -PMP *kahkah

scratch up the soil, as a chicken looking for food -PAN *kaSkaS

scratch up, scrape up -PMP *gaRuk

scratch up, sweep or rake up -PPH *kaykáy

scratch, grate -PMP *kerit

scratch, grate, scrape - *-kis₁(root)

scratch, mark with a line -PWMP *kuris₂

scratch, mark with a line -PWMP *kuRis

scratch, scrape -POC *kokos

scratch, scrape -POC *palus

scratch, scrape -PAN *keskes₁

scratch, scrape -PMP *karis₁

scratch, scrape -PCEMP *erit

scratch, scrape - *-rud(root)

scratch, scrape, peel -POC *orit

stroke scratch - *(noise)

to rub against, scrape, scratch -PMP *g<um>arut

to scrape, scratch, rub -PAN *gusgus

to scratch -POC *kaRo

to scratch -PWMP *ma-garut

to scratch -PWMP *gaut

to scratch an itch -POC *kadrut

to scratch an itch -PAN *k<um>aRaw

to scratch an itch -PAN *kaRaw₁

to scratch up the earth, as a fowl -POC *kakar-i

to scratch up the ground, as chickens -PWMP *kais-an

to scratch, as an itch -PMP *gutgut

to scratch, as an itch -PAN *guCguC₂

to scratch, scrape -POC *kari

to scratch, scrape -PAN *karus

to scratch, scrape -POC *karis₂

to scratch, scrape off -PPH *kudkud-én

to scratch; sound of scratching -PMP *gurit

scratching

dig a hole, as by scratching -PPH *kawkaw₂

have a painful feeling in the teeth, as when eating something very sour or cold, or hearing a screeching or scratching sound -PWMP *ŋilu-an

sound of scraping or scratching -PMP *gerit

sound of scratching -PMP *kaRiqit

to scratch; sound of scratching -PMP *gurit

scream

howl, shout, scream - *-ŋar(root)

scream -PMP *leŋkiq

scream of a monkey -PMP *kusik

to scream, of an animal -PWMP *ŋiqik

screech

screech, as a hawk -PWMP *kuriqik

screech, as a hawk -PWMP *kuliqik

screech, howl - *-ŋak(root)

squeal, screech, shriek, etc. -PMP *ŋikŋik

squeal, screech, shriek, etc. -PMP *ŋik

screeching

have a painful feeling in the teeth, as when eating something very sour or cold, or hearing a screeching or scratching sound -PWMP *ŋilu-an

screen

fish-corral, screen trap for fish -PWMP *banelat

to screen, conceal, cover -PWMP *tabeŋ

wall; wall in, screen off -PCMP *dindiŋ₁

scrotum

scrotum - *(noise)

scrotum and testicles -PMP *laseR

scrotum; testicles -PPh *buŋaw₂

testicles; scrotum -POC *putuq

scrub

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kipau

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kikau

cut down, clear away scrub -PWMP *tebas₂

kind of brush made from coconut husk, used to scrub or polish a surface or to treat threads before weaving -PWMP *sikat

remove coconut husk; scrub with coconut husk -PPh *maŋ-bunut

remove coconut husk; scrub with coconut husk -PPh *bunut-an

rub, scour, scrub -PMP *isut₂

rub, scrub - *(noise)

scrub hard to remove dirt -PPH *ludlud₁

to scrape or scrub out, remove by scraping -PPh *kuskus-an₂

to wipe, rub, scrub -PPH *nisnís

scrubbing

clean oneself by scrubbing -PEMP *isug

clean oneself by scrubbing -PMP *hisuq

scrub-land

scrub-land, bush -PAN *quCaN

small, wild herbaceous plants; scrub-land, bush -PMP *qutan

scruffiness

scruffiness of the skin; dirt, dregs -POC *kani-kani

scrutinize

scrutinize consider closely - *(loan)

scudding

wind-driven fragments of cloud, light scudding clouds -PMP *taqi nu haŋin

sculpture

carving, sculpture -PMP *ukir

scum

driftwood and scum (?); lit. 'refuse of the current' -PWMP *taqi qaRus

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth -PAN *bujeq₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth -PMP *budaq₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; bubble up -PCEMP *budaq₄

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; to foam, to bubble; foam at the mouth; fond of talking; type of white bead -PMP *bujeq₂

lard, fat, greasy scum on the surface of liquids -PPH *lanéb

scurfy

scurfy skin disease; scabies -PAN *kuris₁

scurfy skin disease; scabies -PAN *kudis

Scyphiphora

a moderate-sized shrub:Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea -PWMP *sabasaq

sea

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod -PWMP *kurapu

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu

a long slender point, as of land jutting into the sea -PPH *ráwis

a sea fish, the rudderfish:Kyphosus cinerascens -PPH *hilek

a sea fish: the mullet -PWMP *balanak

body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁

deep, of the sea; deep sea -PCEMP *laman

deep, of the sea; deep sea beyond the reef -POC *laman

downriver, toward the sea -POC *laur

downstream, toward the sea -PAN *lahud

edible marine invertebrate - probably sea cucumber -PPh *balát

edible sea animal or plant -PWMP *gamet

edible sea worm:Sipunculus spp. -POC *ibo

flood, of sea -POC *loma

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

full of waves, as a stormy sea -PWMP *ma-humbak

go to sea, make a sea voyage -POC *pa-laur

high sea or tide - *(noise)

kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp. -POC *kanawe

littoral sea, sea near the shore -PMP *daRat

marine fish: sea perch -PWMP *kaReteŋ

pig bristles; type of sea urchin with thin black spines -PMP *bulu ni babuy

put out to sea, embark on a voyage -POC *toka₃

rise and fall like the swells at sea -PWMP *humbak-humbak

rough, of a turbulent sea -POC *ñoro

sandbank, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR

sandbar, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR-an

sea coast (?) -POC *raRat

sea cucumber, sea slug -POC *pula₃

sea eagle -POC *manuka

sea fish sp. -PWMP *maŋali

sea perch:Lutjanus sp. -POC *tasiwa

sea turtle -PPH *pawíkan

sea turtle -PAN *peñu

sea urchin with long black spines -PPH *tayeŋ

sea urchin with short spines -POC *saRawaki

sea worm that attacks wood -PWMP *tambiluk

sea, ocean -PAN-F *tenem

sea, saltwater -PMP *tasik

sharp-pointed object, possibly sea urchin -PEMP *sala

spiny sea urchin -POC *salaŋ

teredo, sea worm that attacks wood -PWMP *tamiluk

the high seas, far from land -PWMP *lahud-an

tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PEMP *ipun₁

tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PMP *hipun₁

toward the sea -PCEMP *laur

wave at sea, sea swell -PPH *paluŋ₂

wave, billow, swell at sea -PWMP *humbak

waves, heavy weather at sea -PWMP *bakat

wind from the sea (?) -PAN *Si-lahud

sea-bream

a fish, the sea-bream:Sparus hasta -PWMP *bakukuŋ

seagrass

seaweed, seagrass -POC *karagwam

seahorse

crocodile; seahorse -PCEMP *buqaya

seam

edge, seam, hem -PPH *tebir

sear

to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn -PPH *pásuq

search

look over a wide area, search for something with the eyes while standing in place -PPH *nanaw

seek, search, look for -PAN-F *kiRim

to hunt, search for something -PPH *lawag

to seek, search, look for -PAN-F *k<um>iRim

searching

pass by, overlook something when searching; to pass by (of time) -PPH *labas

to part the hair, as when searching for lice -PPH *sukáy

seaside

a seaside plant:Wedelia biflora -PWMP *sarunay

season

north; rainy season -PPh *qamihan-an

season, time, weather - *(loan)

wet season -PWMP *rendeŋ

year, season -PMP *taqun

year, season; sky, heaven -PAN-F *kawaS₁

seat

belly; mind; seat of affections -POC *topwa

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

seated

to sit, be seated -PWMP *dukduk₃

seaward

go downriver, go seaward -PMP *pa-lahud

seaweed

edible seaweed sp. -PMP *latuq

kind of seaweed -PPH *gayuŋ-gayuŋ

kind of seaweed used to paint canoes -POC *boma

moss, algae, seaweed -PMP *lumut

seaweed jelly - *(loan)

seaweed sp. -PMP *lamut

seaweed sp. -PMP *lamu₁

seaweed, seagrass -POC *karagwam

second

second -POC *ka-rua

second -PCEMP *ka-dua

second -PMP *ika-duha

second -PAN *Sika-duSa

second pounding of rice -PPH *deR(e)qas

second time (?) -PPH *ipi-duhá

secondary

fallow land; secondary forest -PMP *talun₁

fallow land; secondary forest -PAN *CaluN

second-hand

weak, worn-out, second-hand -PWMP *luya₂

secret

concealed, secret; to deny, hide something -PPH *liméd

divulge secrets; recant -PPH *buybúy

hide, conceal, do in secret -PWMP *lihim

hide, conceal, do in secret -PWMP *lihem

keep secret, cover up -PMP *sekep

keep something to oneself; silent, secret -PWMP *hidem

secret place -PWMP *sulib

secret, hidden -PWMP *silib

secret; hidden -PWMP *b<in>uni

that which is hidden or kept secret -PWMP *paŋ-buni

to fall silent; keep quiet about something; keep a secret -PPH *hipes

secretion

gummy secretion -PAN *puteq

gummy secretion of the eyes -PWMP *muteq

sap, gummy secretion -PWMP *geteq

sap, gummy secretion - *-teq(root)

sap, resin, sticky secretion -PWMP *gateq

secretive

be secretive -POC *puni-puni

be secretive -PMP *buni-buni

secretly

do secretly -PWMP *suleb

section

break off a component piece of something, as twigs or branches from a tree, a banana from a bunch, a section from a fruit, etc. -PPH *sipíq

internode of bamboo; section of something -PAN *lawas₃

split, divide, break off; section of a betel nut -PMP *tebiq

to split, separate sections -PWMP *piqak

secure

fastener, thing used for fastening or making secure - *(loan)

fixed secure - *(loan)

sedan chair

sedan chair - *(loan)

sediment

limestone sediment (?) -POC *bia-bia

murky, full of sediment -PPH *ma-parek

see

able to see -PWMP *maka-kita

complete an activity, see through to completion -PPH *perper₁

look, see -PAN *Neŋ

look; sight; to look, see -PPH *tiŋén

pay a visit, drop by to see someone -PPH *dálaw

see (abstract things), foresee, know -PWMP *ila₂

see in the distance -PMP *tindaw

see, examine, look at closely -PWMP *iliŋ₂

see, examine, look at closely -PWMP *hiliŋ

see, look at, behold -POC *qiro

to see -PAN *k<um>ita

to see -PAN *kita₂

to see at a distance (?) -PWMP *tampay

to see or look at something far away -PPH *tanɁaw-én

to see or look at something far away -PPH *taq(e)náw

seed

a cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears:Coix lachryma-jobi L. -PMP *zelay

a vine and the seeds of its fruit:Abrus precatorius -PWMP *saga

coriander seed - *(loan)

dibble, plant seeds with a dibble stick -PMP *hasek₁

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

hard seed; burl, knot in wood -PMP *butequl

lump, swelling; seed -PWMP *bukel

plant fiber; coconut husk, fibers of areca nuts, fibers covering mango seeds, etc. -PWMP *sabut

plant seed by sprinkling in dibble holes -PWMP *maŋ-bubud

pulpy, fleshy, as a fruit; soft flesh around the seeds of a fruit -PWMP *lunek₁

seed - *(loan)

seed - *(noise)

seed bud in a coconut -PWMP *tumbuŋ₂

seed rice -PWMP *benehiq

seed set aside for the next planting -PAN *bineSiq

seed set aside for the next planting (esp. rice) -PMP *binehiq

seeds for sowing -PAN-F *Rahap

sow, scatter, broadcast seed -PWMP *sa(m)beR

sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes -PMP *budbud₁

sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes -PWMP *bubud

to dibble, plant seeds with a dibble stick -PWMP *maŋ-hasek₁

to plant seeds by dibbling -PPH *hesek₁

to sow seeds -PAN-F *R<um>ahap

to strew, scatter, as seed -POC *tabuR₁

to strew, scatter, as seed -PMP *tabuR₁

to strew, sow seeds -PWMP *ma-nabuR

seed-bed

seed-bed for rice -PWMP *paR-binehiq-an

seeded

breadfruit (seeded) - *(noise)

the seeded breadfruit tree:Artocarpus camansi -PPH *kamansi

the seeded breadfruit tree:Artocarpus camansi -PPH *kamansiq

seedling

rice seedling -PMP *bunubun

rice seedling -PAN *bunabun

seedling - *(loan)

to plant cuttings or transplant seedlings -PPH *rubaŋ

seek

seek, search, look for -PAN-F *kiRim

to look for, seek -POC *tapu

to seek, search, look for -PAN-F *k<um>iRim

seen

able to be seen, visible -PWMP *ma-kita

be seen by someone (?) -PAN *kita-en

seesaw

seesaw motion - *(loan)

seize

bird of prey; to swoop down and seize prey (of raptorial birds) -PPH *daRit

catch, seize -PWMP *tikep

catch, seize -PMP *sakep

catch, seize; embrace -PAN *dakep

grab, grasp, seize -PAN *za(ŋ)kuC

seize - *(loan)

seize in the mouth or beak -PCEMP *seŋap

seize in the mouth or beak -PMP *sa(m)bar

seize in the mouth or beak -PMP *ceŋap

seize with the hands -PMP *ambit

seize, catch -PMP *ta(ŋ)kep₂

seize, grasp -POC *sokop

seize, grasp -PMP *cekep

seize, grasp, embrace - *-kep₂(root)

seize, grasp, wrap around -PWMP *Rakep

seize, grip - *(loan)

snatch, seize, rob -POC *paqaRok

snatch, seize, rob -POC *paRo₂

to seize prey in the water, as a crocodile -PPH *sa(ŋ)kab

to seize property and run off with it; to elope with a single woman -PPH *taŋaR

to seize with the teeth, hold by biting -PMP *taŋaR

to seize, hug, embrace -PMP *kepkep

to seize, take by force -PWMP *kamkam

to seize, take by force -PPH *ma-ñamsám

to seize, take by force, snatch from another’s hands; pillage -PPH *samsám

wrestle, seize and throw a person to the ground -PPH *ludeg

seized

be snatched, be seized suddenly -PPH *sakmal-én

seizing

snatch with the mouth, as a dog seizing something in its mouth and running away with it -PPH *sak(e)mál

seldom

having wide intervals; seldom -PWMP *zaRaŋ

select

to choose, select, pick out -PAN *p<um>iliq

to choose, select, pick out -PWMP *maR-piliq

to choose, select, pick out -PWMP *ma-miliq

to choose, to select; to pick out -PAN *piliq

selected

be chosen, selected; what is chosen, choice -PWMP *piliq-en

self

inner self, feelings, mind -POC *loto₁

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

own, one’s own; self -PPH *kaniá

self -PWMP *iba₁

self, oneself - *(loan)

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

self-important

important (of people); self-important -PWMP *raŋaq

selfish

selfish, stingy, niggardly -PPH *ikut₂

selfish, unkind -PWMP *dámut

stingy, selfish -PPh *ímut

sell

buy, sell -PAN-F *baliw

buy, sell -PAN *saliw

sell - *(loan)

sell, give in exchange -PMP *pa-beli

to sell -PMP *baluk₂

sell in small quantities

sell in small quantities - *(loan)

sell well

merchandise for sale; to sell well - *(loan)

semen

semen, smegma -PMP *biRas₁

semen, smegma -PMP *biRaq₂

semen, smegma, grease -POC *biRas₂

semen, smegma, grease -POC *biRaq₃

semialata

a plant:Rhus semialata -PAN-F *beRuS

semicircular

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PMP *taliŋa nu kahiw

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PAN *Caliŋa nu kaSiw

send

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

accompany, escort; send, return -PAN *SateD

deep resounding sound; slit-gong, hollowed tree trunk used to send messages -PAN *kuŋkuŋ₁

return, send back -PMP *pa-uliq

send -PMP *katu

send - *(loan)

send - *(noise)

send (?) -PAN *pa-SateD

send for, allow to go -PPH *tubuy

send off with a message -PWMP *tuRun₂

send on a mission, command someone to do something -PWMP *utus₂

send out new growth, of vegetation -POC *tupul

send, accompany -PWMP *maŋ-hateD

to deliver, send something to someone -PPH *tugen

to send -PAN *pa-kaCu

to send away -PAN-F *pa-uSa

to send someone on an errand -PPH *tubul

senile

silly, senile, doting -PWMP *aŋu aŋu

senior

old, elder, senior -PAN *ma-tuqaS tuqaS

sensation

intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge -PMP *nilu

painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour -PAN *ŋilu

painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour -PMP *ñilu

painful sensation, teeth or joints -PMP *ma-ñilu

ticklish sensation -PWMP *gilek

sense

to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR

to hear; what is heard, news; to perceive by any sense other than sight -POC *roŋoR

sensitive

prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf.*kali-) -PAN *qali-

prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf.*qali-) -PAN *kali-

sent

be sent; messenger -PWMP *suRuq-en

to catch, receive something thrown or sent one’s way -PWMP *sambut₂

sentinel

guard, sentinel; to stand guard -PPH *tánud

separate

block, obstruct; something which separates one area from another -PWMP *ataŋ₁

depart, separate from -PPh *ayáw

divide, separate things that are joined -POC *pokaq

loosen, untie, undress; to separate -PWMP *hukas

part, separate, divide -PWMP *ceray

peel off, separate - *(noise)

separate - *(loan)

separate the chaff from the grain -PMP *siji

separate two things -PMP *elak

separate, disconnect -PMP *peka

separate, disunite -PMP *le(ŋ)kaŋ

separate, remove -PWMP *re(n)tes

sift, separate by sifting -PWMP *qayag

sift, separate by sifting -PWMP *ayak₂

split off, separate - *-bak₃(root)

to separate - *(noise)

to separate gently, as in weaning -PWMP *Retas

to separate grain from chaff -PPH *tiktik₄

to separate people who are fighting -PPH *awat₂

to separate people, disperse a gathering -PWMP *butas₁

to separate, as two people -PAN *waray

to separate, untie -PWMP *maR-hukas

to split, separate sections -PWMP *piqak

separated

apart, separated -PWMP *kawaŋ

be separated, untied -PWMP *hukas-en

separated, left behind -PPh *ma-bílin

separation

parting, separation, as in divorce -PWMP *sarak

separation - *(noise)

sepia

gall, gall bladder, octopus sepia -POC *qasu₂

sequence

pave with stones; pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence -PMP *qatuR₁

series

prefix of the *qali, *kali- series -PAN *buli-

serious

difficult, taxing (of work); serious (of illness) -PWMP *payaq

seriously

seriously ill - *(loan)

sermon

lecture, sermon, harangue -PPH *hulit

serow

Formosan serow, mountain goat -PAN-F *Sidi

servant

maid, female servant - *(loan)

serve

to serve food, dish up food -PPH *dúlut

services

payment for services -PPH *taŋ(e)dan

serving tray

serving tray - *(loan)

sesame

a plant, sesame:Sesamum indicum -PAN-F *Samud

sesame -PMP *leŋa

Sesamum

a plant, sesame:Sesamum indicum -PAN-F *Samud

Sesbania

a plant:Sesbania grandiflora -PPH *katúday

tree sp.:Sesbania grandiflora -PMP *tudiq

set

a set or group of five -PWMP *lima-an

closely spaced, set close together -PAN *ma-pizpiz

coiled base on which cooking pots are set or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *riken

coiled base on which cooking pots are set, or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *Riken

coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *reken

coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *Reken

enter, penetrate; to set, of the sun -PMP *surup₁

ignite, set aflame -PWMP *deket₂

ignite; kindle; set fire to -PPH *súlsul

kindle, light a fire, set ablaze -POC *bula₁

lie in wait, set an ambush in hunting game -PPH *apat

loosen, untie, set free -POC *takas

mend, repair, set in order -POC *tupak

mother, mother's sister; female animal; largest member of a set -PCEMP *ina

pair, matching set -PMP *pasaŋ₁

prefix variant of the *qali/kali- set -PAN *qaCi-

push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad

seed set aside for the next planting -PAN *bineSiq

seed set aside for the next planting (esp. rice) -PMP *binehiq

set a snare -POC *taqon

set a snare -PMP *taqen

set adrift -PAN *pa-añud

set alight, apply fire to -PWMP *culcul

set close together, dense, luxuriant -PMP *lebet

set fire to - *(noise)

set fire to, smoke out -PMP *sunuR

set free -PMP *lumbar

set in order - *(noise)

set on fire -PWMP *maŋ-hapuy

set on fire, burn -PWMP *tutuD

set, of the sun -PWMP *si(n)dep

sink, immerse oneself in water, dive into the water; to set, of the sun -PAN *selem₁

sink, set (sun) -PMP *teñej

snare trap; set a snare trap -PAN *taqan₁

to bait a trap, set the bait for -PPH *paen-an

to burn or set a fire under to smoke out -PPH *sunúg-en

to ignite, set fire to -PMP *tutuŋ

to massage, set bones -PPh *hílut-en

to sail, set sail -PWMP *maR-layaR

to set (of the sun) -PMP *sedep₁

to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end -PWMP *lepas

to set out a lavish meal -PPH *lámak

to set, of the sun -POC *sorop

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq-a

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq

Setaria

millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PMP *betem

millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PMP *beteŋ₁

millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PAN *beCeŋ

millet sp.:Setaria italica (?) -PAN *zawa₂

setting

massaging, setting of bones -PPh *hílut

settle

come to rest in a definite place, settle down, as birds on a tree -PMP *tekas

come to shore, settle down in a place; sit, squat -POC *toka₂

sit, squat; come to rest; stay in a place; settle down, as birds on a tree -POC *toka₃

to land, settle down -POC *toko

settlement

outskirts, edge of settlement -PPh *hilít

Seven

a constellation: the Seven Sisters, Pleiades -PWMP *pariama

seven

be divided into seven parts -PWMP *pitu-en

divide into seven parts (?) -PWMP *maR-pitu

seven -PAN *pitu₁

seven (of humans) -PAN *pa-pitu

seven by seven, seven at a time -PAN *pitu pitu

seven each -PAN *pi-pitu

seven hundred (700) -PMP *pitu ŋa Ratus

seven times -PMP *paka-pitu

seven times -PMP *ka-pitu

seventh

seventh -PMP *ika-pitu

seventh -PAN *Sika-pitu

seventh month (?) -PAN *ka-pitu-an

seventy

seventy -PMP *pitu ŋa puluq

sever

break, cut off, sever -POC *kutu₂

cut off, sever; ring a tree -PWMP *geleŋ

cut through, sever -PWMP *butas₂

cut through, sever, divide by cutting -PWMP *qutas

cut, sever -POC *otok

cut, sever -PAN-F *ketun

cut, sever, chop -PMP *hetek

cut, sever, chop -PAN *Setek

sever, cut through, rip out stitches -PAN *tastas

sever, rip, cut through; short cut - *-tas(root)

sever, tear -PMP *rutas

sever, tear -PMP *Ratas₁

to cut, sever -PWMP *ketas

to sever, cut off -PAN *keret

several

a few, several (?) -POC *pica pica

break into several large pieces -PAN *peceq₁

break into several large pieces; hatch -PMP *pesak

break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -POC *posaq

break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -PMP *peceq₂

interrogative of quantity: how much?, how many?; adjective of indefinite quantity: some, several, a few -PAN *pijax

some, several -PAN *pija pija

Seville

Bitter orange Seville orange:Citrus aurantium - *(loan)

sew

to sew -PPH *daqit-en

to sew -PCMP *sora

to sew -POC *saqit

to sew -PMP *zaqit

to sew -PAN *C<um>aqiS

to sew -PMP *tahiq

to sew -PAN *CaqiS

sewing

fasten together by sewing or tying -PAN *kapit

place of sewing -PMP *taqih-an

place of sewing -PAN *CaqiS-an

thread used for sewing (?) -PAN *Ca-CaqiS

work produced by sewing or stitching -PAN *C<in>aqiS

sex

elder same sex sibling -POC *tuaka

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *kaka₂

elder sibling of the same sex -POC *toka

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *teka₂

sibling-in-law of the same sex -POC *ipaR-

twins of the same sex -PMP *habij

twins of the same sex -POC *apic

twins of the same sex -PAN *Sabij

younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PMP *huaji-q

younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PWMP *huaji-ŋ

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -POC *taci

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *ta-huaji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PWMP *paR-huaji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PCEMP *waji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *huaji

sexes

relationship between the sexes - *(noise)

sexual

copulate, have sexual intercourse -PAN *qiut

copulate, have sexual intercourse -PWMP *ayut

copulate, have sexual intercourse -PWMP *ayud

copulate; copulation, sexual intercourse -POC *qait

link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance -PWMP *kawiŋ

movement in coitus; sexual intercourse -PPH *iut₂

movement in coitus; sexual intercourse -POC *kiuq

movement in coitus; sexual intercourse -PMP *kiuq

movement in coitus; sexual intercourse -PWMP *kiut

movement in coitus; sexual intercourse -PMP *kiud

sexual arousal, sexual excitement -PAN *qeCuR

sexual heat, sexual excitement -POC *tolaq

sexual heat, sexual excitement -PMP *telaq₂

sexual indulgence, orgy -PPH *urag

sexual jealousy, suspicion -PPh *qímun

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp.; sexual itch -PMP *biRaq₁

sexually

itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated -PMP *gatel

sexually impotent -PWMP *basiR

sexually impotent -PWMP *baciR

shabby

shabby looking, in disarray, of the feathers of fowls -PWMP *kuyu

shabby looking, in disarray, of the feathers of fowls -PWMP *kuyut

shack

hut, shack - *(loan)

shackle

neck shackle to prevent an animal from passing through fences -PMP *pagal

shackles - *(loan)

shad

kind of marine fish, probably gizzard shad:Anodontostoma spp. -PWMP *kabasi

shade

shade -PEMP *maluRu

shade, darkness -PMP *elem₁

shade, darkness, gloom -PWMP *qiem₂

shade, shadow -PMP *aluŋ

shade, shelter -PWMP *heluŋ

shelter, cover, protection; shade -PAN *liduŋ

shelter, protect; shade, shadow - *-duŋ(root)

sun hat, used to provide shade -PPH *taduŋ

to shelter, shade - *-luŋ₂(root)

shaded

shaded, shadowy -PPH *ledem

shady, shaded, sheltered (?) -POC *maluRu maluRu

shadow

shade, shadow -PMP *aluŋ

shadow -PMP *qanunu

shadow -PWMP *qaninuŋ

shadow -PAN *liŋaw₁

shadow -PPh *alinaw

shadow, indistinct image -PPh *qaninaw

shadow, reflection -PMP *qaninu

'shadow, reflection -PAN *qaNiŋu

shadow; reflection; soul -POC *qanunu

shelter, protect; shade, shadow - *-duŋ(root)

silhouette, shadow; glimpse of something -PMP *ilap₂

time of lengthening shadows; afternoon -PWMP *liŋay₁

shadowy

shaded, shadowy -PPH *ledem

shady

shady, shaded, sheltered (?) -POC *maluRu maluRu

shake

brush or shake off dust or dirt -PPH *pagpág

loosely embedded, wobbly; to shake -PWMP *ugaq

shake - *(noise)

shake grains on winnowing tray - *(loan)

shake off, flick off -PPh *waksí

shake or move from side to side -PWMP *hiwal

shake out - *(noise)

shake something in the water -POC *luluk

shake something in the water; shake something with water in it -PMP *luglug

shake something to determine its unseen contents -PWMP *kutug

shake something vigorously (as a sack to remove the contents) -PPh *wagwág₂

shake something, rinse clothes by shaking in clear water -PPh *waswás₁

shake the head in negation, shake the head from side-to-side -PWMP *iliŋ₃

shake, shake something -PPh *wigwíg

shake, shiver, tremble -PAN *gerger₁

shake, shiver, tremble - *-ger(root)

shake, sway -PWMP *guyuŋ

shake, sway -PWMP *iuŋ

shake, sway -PWMP *guyeŋ

shake, sway -PWMP *guyaq

shake, sway, as the ground in an earthquake -PMP *huyuŋ

shake, sway, rock -PWMP *huyaŋ

shake, sway, stagger -PMP *uyuR

shake, sway, stagger -PWMP *uyug

shake, sway, stagger -PWMP *uyeg

shake, sway, stagger -PWMP *Ruyuŋ

shake, sway, stagger -PWMP *kuyuŋ

shake, sway, stagger -PWMP *huyug

shake, sway, swing -PWMP *hayun

shake, tremble -PAN *keRkeR

shake, tremble, rock -PCEMP *nini

shake, tremble, rock -PMP *ninih

shake, vibrate, tremble -PMP *eter

shake, wave (hand, something in the hand) -PPh *witwít₂

shake, wobble -PWMP *Ruyag

shiver, shake, tremble -PAN *birbir₂

sway, shake, wiggle -PWMP *giwaq

to brush or shake off dust or dirt -PPH *i-pagpág

to shake -PWMP *gurgur₂

to shake a stick at something -PPH *tiwatiw

to shake off water droplets -PWMP *piRpiR₂

to shake repeatedly -POC *kañul-kañul

to shake something, as an egg or coconut -PPH *kalug

to shake, as a house in an earthquake -POC *kañu-kañu

to shake, as a tree to bring down fruit -PPH *yegyeg

to shake, as a tree to bring down fruit fruit -PPH *yugyúg

to shake, as the earth in an earthquake -POC *kañul

to shake, as the ground in an earthquake -PPH *Riduq

to shake, get shaken -PPH *ma-yegyeg

to shake, shiver, quiver, tremble -PWMP *tiRtiR₂

to sprinkle, shake off water -PWMP *pispis₃

wag, shake back and forth -PWMP *kilay

wag, shake, move repeatedly from side to side -PAN *wiŋawiŋ

shake hands

shake hands - *(loan)

shaken

to be shaken (as from having a rough ride in transport) -PPH *ma-tagtág

to shake, get shaken -PPH *ma-yegyeg

shaking

shake something, rinse clothes by shaking in clear water -PPh *waswás₁

shallow

bamboo punting pole; to pole a boat in shallow water -POC *tokon

be poled forward, of a boat in shallow water -PWMP *teken-en

place covered by shallow water -PWMP *limbuŋ

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak

scratch a line, make a long shallow cut -PAN *turis

shallow -PWMP *babaw₂

shallow - *-baw₂(root)

shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan -PAN *balaŋa

small shallow body of water -PWMP *baqeluŋ

shallow (of dishes)

shallow (of dishes) - *(near)

shaman

shaman (probably a transvestite or hermaphrodite), shamaness; shamanistic ceremony -PWMP *balian

shaman in ritual transvestite attire -PWMP *asug

shamaness

shaman (probably a transvestite or hermaphrodite), shamaness; shamanistic ceremony -PWMP *balian

shamanistic

shaman (probably a transvestite or hermaphrodite), shamaness; shamanistic ceremony -PWMP *balian

shame

shame - *(noise)

shame, shyness -PWMP *ka-heyaq

shyness, embarrassment; shame -PMP *heyaq

shyness, embarrassment; shame -PAN *Seyaq

too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame! -PWMP *sayaŋ

shameful

cowardly; shameful -PWMP *putiq mata

shampoo

a tree from which a sort of shampoo is derived:Albizia spp. -PWMP *laŋiR

a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo:Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. -PPH *gúguq

shape

a plant with flowers the shape of a dog's tail, used to treat abscesses -PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu

body shape -PWMP *paR-hawak-an

crushed or squeezed out of shape -PWMP *lu(q)luq

to adze, shape wood with an adze -PWMP *bala₁

shaped

broad, flat rock shaped like a plank -PWMP *batu papan

hook shaped - *-wit(root)

kind of tree with leaves shaped like butterflies -PWMP *qali-baŋbaŋ

share

a division, share -POC *wa(n)se-ŋa

a tithe, share given for help in harvesting the crops -PPH *húnus

divide, share; portion (as of food) -POC *boi₁

share the possession of something with someone else; co-wife (?) -PWMP *duha-i

share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property -PMP *baqagi

to distribute, pass out shares (as of food) -PPH *bunuŋ

to distribute, pass out shares of food -PPH *tagtág

to divide into shares, give out portions -PPH *hátaR

to divide, share out -POC *tupa₃

to divide, share out (as an inheritance?) -POC *pari₂

to share food with another -PPH *subu₂

shark

implement with curved blade: adze; hammerhead shark -PMP *biŋkuŋ

shark -POC *bakewak

shark -PAN *qiSu

shark - *(near)

shark - *(noise)

shark sp. -POC *kwarara

sharp

barbed; sharp -PWMP *ruit

plant with sharp leaves -PWMP *aqedas

sharp -POC *matan V

sharp -POC *aŋi₂

sharp -PMP *tasim

sharp -PAN-F *maNaŋ

sharp (of blade or point) -PWMP *ma-tazem

sharp (of point or blade) -PAN *Cazem

sharp point; to whet, -PMP *tazim

sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts; digging stick, coconut husking stick -POC *kojom

throw at, hit, strike with a sharp object; kill; extinguish (a fire) -PMP *bunuq₂

thrust downward with sharp implement -PWMP *tuzaq

sharpen

person or instrument that grinds or sharpens -PWMP *paŋ-hasaq

sharpen -PAN *t<um>azem

sharpen - *(near)

sharpen (transitive) -POC *asaq-i

sharpen to a point - *(noise)

sharpen, rub, grate -PEMP *asaq

to sharpen -PMP *tasim-i

to whet, grate, sharpen -PAN-F *s<um>upay

to whet, sharpen -POC *tasim

whet, sharpen -PWMP *maŋ-hasaq

whet, sharpen -PMP *hasaq

whet, sharpen -PAN *Sasaq

sharpened

be sharpened; thing sharpened -PWMP *hasaq-en

pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo -POC *suca

pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo -PMP *suja

sharpened -PWMP *t<in>azem

sharpened blade or point -PMP *tazem

spear; sharpened pitfall stake -POC *ona₂

sharpening

whetting, sharpening -PAN-F *supay

whetting, sharpening -PWMP *paŋ-hasaq-an

sharply

speak sharply or in anger -POC *boŋa

sharpness

sharpness -PWMP *ka-tazem

sharp-pointed

sharp-pointed object, possibly sea urchin -PEMP *sala

shatter

shatter -POC *poro poro

shatter, break -PMP *peta

shattered

broken, shattered -PPh *búquŋ

shave

scrape, shave -POC *kori

scrape, shave (as rattan) -PWMP *aRud

to shave, scrape off -PAN *kiskis

whittle, shave wood with knife -PPH *káyas

shaved

shaved off, made smooth -PWMP *paras₁

shavings

sawdust, wood shavings - *(loan)

shawls

cloth used for shawl - *(loan)

she

3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, it -PAN *si ia₁

3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it -PAN *ia₁

sheaf

a bundle or sheaf, as of rice -PPH *betek₄

a sheaf or bundle of rice stalks -PPH *taq(e)nay

sheaf to which rice grains are attached -PPh *quhut

to bind together in a sheaf -PCMP *peu

shearing off

pinching off, shearing off - *(loan)

sheath

bark, rind, sheath; to peel off bark -PWMP *upak₁

carrying vessel made from folded palm leaf sheath -PWMP *timbalaŋ

sheath for bolo or knife -PPH *kaluban

sheath of a coconut? -POC *kamu₁

sheath, covering -PWMP *sambuŋ

sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon -PWMP *saruŋ

sheathe

sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon -PWMP *saruŋ

sheath-like

sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon -PWMP *saruŋ

sheaves

to bind into bundles or sheaves -PPH *betek-en

shed

canoe shed, storehouse -POC *pale

cooking shed -PWMP *baŋsal

temporary shed -PPh *pala pala₂

to molt, shed the skin -POC *uñus

to molt, shed the skin -PMP *huñus

to shed tears, weep -PPH *l<um>uheq

to shed tears, weep -PMP *maR-luheq

to shed tears, weep -PAN *maR-luSeq

to slough, shed the skin, as a snake -POC *nunu₂

shed light on

clarify, shed light on - *(loan)

sheep

sheep - *(loan)

sheet

sheet; flat, wide object -PPh *qelad₁

yardarm, sheet of a sail, sticks used to turn the sail -POC *jila

shelf

bamboo platform, shelf -PPH *papag

crosswise beam or shelf -POC *barat₁

crosswise beam or shelf -POC *baRat, paRat

shelf -PMP *pataR₁

shelf; bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths -PMP *pa(n)tar₂

storage shelf above the hearth -POC *paRa, baRa

storage shelf; attic, loft -PMP *paRa paRa

storage shelf; attic, loft -PAN *paRa₁

to line, as a shelf or box, provide a lining for -PPH *hapin-an

shell

cateye shell -PMP *qaliliŋ

coconut shell -POC *koi

coconut shell bowl or water scoop -PPH *húŋut

coconut shell drinking cup -POC *lasa₂

coconut shell drinking cup or dipper -PPH *úŋut

coconut shell receptacle for food or water -PPH *duyuR

conch shell trumpet -POC *tapuRi

conch shell trumpet -PMP *tabuRi

conch shell trumpet -POC *tapuRiq

conch shell trumpet -PMP *tabuRiq

conch shell trumpet -POC *buu₅

conch shell trumpet -PCEMP *buu₂

cowrie shell:Cypraea mauritiana -POC *buliq₁

cowrie shell:Cypraea mauritiana -PMP *buliq₁

cowrie shell:Cypraea spp. -PWMP *sigay

kind of shell -PWMP *kapis

kind of shellfish; eye of cateye shell -PMP *bulan₁

kind of volute shell -PWMP *biŋaR

kind of volute shell -PMP *biŋaq

make lime by burning shells -PWMP *maŋ-qapuR

moon, month; menstruation; shell disk collar piece -PMP *bulan₃

plastron, turtle shell -PPH *karáy

scale of fish, lizard or snake; shell of turtle or tortoise -PMP *siksik₂

scale of fish, shell of turtle -POC *qunap₂

scale of fish, turtle shell -PCEMP *qunap₁

shell - *(noise)

shell - *(noise)

shell disk used as ear-ring -POC *sabi-sabi

shell, peeling, skin -POC *bwara

shell, peeling, skin -POC *bwala

skin, bark, peel, shell -POC *kulit

the auricle or shell of the ear -POC *raun ni taliŋa

the auricle or shell of the ear -PMP *dahun nu taliŋa

to scrape, as coconut meat from a shell; to grate, as coconut meat -POC *isi₄

to scrape; scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell:Asaphis spp. -POC *kasi

tortoise shell (?) -PPH *kara

trochus shell -PMP *lalak

type of shell, possibly nautilus -POC *bio

shellfish

edible shellfish -PMP *qibaw₁

hunt for shellfish on the reef -POC *paŋoda

kind of shellfish -POC *pulan₁

kind of shellfish -POC *biŋa

kind of shellfish, probably oyster -PPH *talabá

kind of shellfish; eye of cateye shell -PMP *bulan₁

shellfish sp. -POC *pina

shellfish sp. -PCEMP *bina

shellfish sp. - *(noise)

shell (useful)

shell (useful) - *(loan)

shelter

a shelter -POC *uruŋ

cover with a hollow container; shelter over a grave -PWMP *suŋkub

cover with a hollow container; shelter over a grave -PWMP *cuŋkub

field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan

hut, temporary shelter -PMP *uduŋ

rock shelter, cave under a rock -PAN-F *Nihib

shade, shelter -PWMP *heluŋ

shelter -PMP *suluŋ₁

shelter -PMP *ru(n)duŋ

shelter -PWMP *ci(n)duŋ

shelter, conceal - *(noise)

shelter, cover, protection; shade -PAN *liduŋ

shelter, protect; shade, shadow - *-duŋ(root)

shelter, space under something -PPH *siluŋ

shelter, temporary hut -PPH *luŋáluŋ

take shelter, cover the head -PMP *teduŋ₁

temporary hut, shelter -PPH *hábuŋ

to cover, shelter, protect -PWMP *tiduŋ

to give shelter to -PPH *pa-siduŋ-en

to shelter, give shelter to -POC *paka-maluRu

to shelter, shade - *-luŋ₂(root)

sheltered

shady, shaded, sheltered (?) -POC *maluRu maluRu

sheltered place -PWMP *siduŋ

sheltered place (?) -PWMP *linduŋ-an

sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon -PMP *namaw

sheltered, as from the weather -POC *ruruŋ

sheltered, as from wind, rain, or sun -PMP *duŋduŋ

sheltering

sheltering cover -PWMP *tabiŋ

shield

^shield -PPH *keluŋ₂

shield - *(noise)

type of shield -PMP *tamiŋ

type of shield -PWMP *kalasag

shift

budge, shift, move -PMP *isud

budge, shift, move aside -PMP *isu₁

budge, shift, move aside -PMP *isuR

budge, shift, move aside -PMP *iseR

budge, shift, move aside -PMP *ised

budge, shift, move aside -PMP *icud

shift, alternate -PWMP *seli₁

shim

wedge, shim, piece inserted to prevent movement -PPH *baŋil

shin

shin -PAN *luluj

shine

brightness; to shine -PPH *sel(e)daŋ

dazzle, shine - *-daŋ₁(root)

flash, shine -PMP *ke(R)lap

flash, sparkle, shine -PMP *dilep

light, radiance; shine -PWMP *edaŋ

ray of light; to shine -PMP *siŋaR

reflect, shine -POC *iro iro

shine - *-lak(root)

shine, bright - *(noise)

shine, flash repeatedly -PMP *kila-kilat

shine, flickering or flashing light - *-laC(root)

shine, gleam - *(near)

shine, glitter -PMP *gilak

shine, glitter -PMP *bilak₁

shine, polish -PWMP *sinaw

shine, sparkle - *-naŋ(root)

shine, sparkle, twinkle -PMP *kerap

shine, sparkle, twinkle -PMP *kelap₂

shine; radiance -PWMP *sinaŋ

sparkle, shine -PMP *dilap₁

to shine -POC *silak

to shine, of heavenly bodies -PMP *cilak

to shine, of the sun -PMP *sanaR

to shine, of the sun -PAN *saheNaR

to shine, of the sun -PPH *siŋgít

to shine, of the sun -PAN *q<um>ajaw

to shine, radiate light -PAN *s<um>uNaR

to shine, radiate light -PMP *s<um>unaR

to shine; shining, bright -POC *ma-ramaR

shining

to shine; shining, bright -POC *ma-ramaR

shiny

bright, shiny -PWMP *ma-silaw

deep black, shiny black -PWMP *li(n)tem

healed, of a wound with shiny skin -PPH *luq(e)nit

shiny (of a smooth and polished surface) -PMP *licaw

shiny, dazzling -POC *liso

shiny, dazzling - *(near)

small bird with shiny black plumage: drongo -PWMP *cawi

shirt

shirt, jacket - *(loan)

shiver

shake, shiver, tremble -PAN *gerger₁

shake, shiver, tremble - *-ger(root)

shiver -PMP *ge(s)ges

shiver, shake, tremble -PAN *birbir₂

shiver, tremble -PMP *gigil

shiver, tremble -PAN *tirtir₁

shiver, tremble -PAN *terter

shiver, tremble -PWMP *girgir

shiver, tremble -PMP *berber₂

shiver, tremble - *-ter(root)

to shake, shiver, quiver, tremble -PWMP *tiRtiR₂

to shiver, quiver -PWMP *keter

to tremble, shiver -PAN *teRteR

shivering

cold, shivering -PAN *giŋgiŋ

shoal

sandbank, sand spit, shoal -PWMP *buhaŋin

sandbank, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR

sandbar, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR-an

shoo

cry to drive away fowls: shoo! -PWMP *siuq

shoo! - *(loan)

sound used to shoo away domestic animals -PWMP *cik

to chase away or shoo off small animals -PMP *sika

to drive away, shoo off -PPH *tabuR₂

shoot

bamboo shoot -PPH *taŋ(e)buq₂

bamboo shoot -PPH *dabuŋ

bamboo shoots -PPH *rabuŋ

new shoot of vines or creepers -PPH *Raŋaw₁

new shoots of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) -PMP *mimis₁

plant shoot -POC *robuŋ

plant shoot -PAN *Supiq

plant shoot, sprout -PWMP *taruk

plant shoot, sprout, cutting -PMP *suli₁

plant shoot. esp. bamboo shoot -PMP *rebuŋ

shoot - *(loan)

shoot an arrow -PWMP *ma-manaq

shoot at, throw a spear at -POC *lusa

shoot up - *(noise)

shoot with a blowpipe -PWMP *ma-numpit

shoot with a blowpipe -PWMP *ma-ñeput

shoot with a bow -PAN *p<um>anaq

shoot with a bow -PAN *p<in>anaq

shoot, sound of shooting -PAN *paleCuk

sprout, plant shoot -PWMP *tunas

sprout, plant, shoot - *(noise)

throw something at a target; shoot with bow and arrow -PAN *panaq

tip or shoot of growing plant -PPH *ugbús

young plant shoot -PMP *taluk

young shoot -PWMP *seli₂

shooting

shoot, sound of shooting -PAN *paleCuk

shooting star -PWMP *taqi nu bituqen

shooting star, meteor -PPH *dúlit

shooting star, meteor -PPH *dúlis

shooting star, meteor; spirit of the shooting star -PPh *bulalákaw₂

shoot of a plant

offshoot shoot of a plant - *(loan)

shore

a shore tree with edible nuts:Terminalia catappa -POC *talise₁

a shore tree with edible nuts:Terminalia catappa -PMP *talisay

a shore tree:Barringtonia spp. -PWMP *butuŋ

a shore tree:Barringtonia spp. -POC *putun₁

a shore tree:Barringtonia spp. -PMP *butun

a shore tree:Calophyllum inophyllum -POC *pitaquR

a shore tree:Calophyllum inophyllum -PMP *bitaquR

a shore tree:Calophyllum inophyllum -PWMP *bintaŋuR

a shore tree:Casuarina equisetifolia -PMP *qaRuhu

a shore tree:Casuarina equisetifolia -POC *aRu

a shore tree:Casuarina equisetifolia -PMP *aRuhu

a shore tree:Heritiera littoralis -PWMP *duŋun

a small shore tree:Hibiscus tiliaceus -PMP *baRu

beach, shore -PPh *baybáy

brink, edge, shore - *(near)

come to shore, settle down in a place; sit, squat -POC *toka₂

edge, bank, shore -PWMP *taŋepi

estuary, shore near the mouth of a river -PMP *sabaŋ₁

kind of shore bird, possibly snipe -POC *pwipipi

littoral sea, sea near the shore -PMP *daRat

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak

sandbank, sandbar; shore, beach -PWMP *pantad

shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover -POC *kiwiwi

slippery, as wet rocks by the shore -POC *madrali

Shorea

a tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany:Shorea albus Foxw. -PMP *bulah

a tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany:Shorea albus Foxw. -PAN *buleS

a tree:Shorea polysperma -PPH *taŋíliq

the Philippine mahogony:Shorea orHopea sp. -PPH *yakál

shore-bird

long-legged shore-bird, the sandpiper or snipe -PPh *balalaŋ₂

shoreline

curved, as a shoreline -PWMP *teluk

short

cut short, as a bird’s tail -PWMP *puŋgu

cut short, bobbed; short in stature -PWMP *putut₂

lower surface, bottom; short, low; below, beneath, under -PMP *babaq₁

quick, do quickly; do in a short time -PPH *dalíq

sea urchin with short spines -POC *saRawaki

sever, rip, cut through; short cut - *-tas(root)

short -POC *tuku₂

short -POC *boto

short - *(loan)

short and stocky -PWMP *beŋkek

short in height, squat and compact in build, of a person -PMP *pandak

short snouted unicornfish:Naso spp. -POC *taRa

short, high-pitched sound -PWMP *qepik

to cut the hair short -PPH *kiskis-an

to shorten, cut short or abbreviate -PWMP *putuŋ₂

trimmed short, as grass; bare (of a field) -PWMP *palpal₁

shortcut

go directly, take a shortcut -PWMP *la(n)t(e)qas

shorten

to shorten, cut short or abbreviate -PWMP *putuŋ₂

short-haired

short-haired -PPH *pugus

short-necked

short-necked - *(near)

short-tailed

short-tailed; cropped, of the tail -PPH *kibul

short-tempered

short-tempered -PPH *tubág

short-tempered, hot-headed, quick to fight -PMP *buteŋ

should

drop off to sleep, fall asleep when one should stay awake -PWMP *ka-tuduR-en

should, ought to -PPH *dapat₄

shoulder

carry by a strap over the shoulder -POC *sape

carry in a shoulder cloth -PWMP *qawis

carry on a shoulder pole -PWMP *taŋguŋ

carry on a shoulder pole between two people -PWMP *ataŋ₂

carry on the shoulders -PMP *pasaqan

carry slung over the shoulder -PPh *qambijay

carry slung over the shoulder -PPh *qambiday

drape over the shoulder or from a line, as a cloth -PAN *sapay

drape over the shoulder or from a line, as a cloth -PMP *sampay₁

hang of drape over the shoulder -PWMP *salampay

scapula, shoulder blade -PWMP *balikat

shoulder -PAN *qabaRa₁

shoulder (?) -PAN *qabaRa-an

shoulder pole; carry with a shoulder pole -PAN *pasaqaN

shoulder; carry on the shoulder -POC *qapaRa₁

shoulder; carry on the shoulder -PMP *qabaRa₁

sling over the shoulder -PPh *abijay

to carry on a shoulder pole -PCMP *lemba

to carry on the shoulder -POC *pua₂

to carry something by shoulder strap -PPH *sakeláy

wear across the shoulder -PWMP *sandaŋ

shoulder pole

shoulder pole - *(loan)

shout

cry out, shout -PMP *iak

cry out, shout -PMP *iag

cry, shout -PWMP *kuriak

howl, shout, scream - *-ŋar(root)

ritual shout(?) -PWMP *pekaw

roar, shout -POC *oRoŋ

shout - *(loan)

shout at -PWMP *talu₁

shout in anger -PMP *palak

shout, exclaim -POC *pela pela

shout, shouting -PWMP *Riak

shout, yell at someone -PWMP *siŋgit

shouting; to shout -PPH *giaw

to shout, talk loudly -PWMP *R<um>iak

to shout, to argue with -POC *ŋeŋe

shouting

shout, shouting -PWMP *Riak

shouting; to shout -PPH *giaw

to bark, as a hunting dog; shouting -PWMP *giak

shove

push shove - *(noise)

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak

push, shove -POC *qusur

shove, thrust forward -PWMP *unzur

shovel

shovel - *(loan)

spoon, ladle, spade, shovel -PMP *suduk

show

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

grin, show the teeth -POC *sisir₂

grin, show the teeth -POC *sisiq₂

grin, show the teeth -PMP *zizir

grin, show the teeth -POC *ŋiŋis

grin, show the teeth -PWMP *ŋiŋi

grin, show the teeth -PMP *ŋisŋis₁

grin, show the teeth -PMP *ziziq

middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road; guide who shows the way -PMP *mata nu zalan

show annoyance or irritation -PAN *ŋiCŋiC

show off -PWMP *asi₂

show the teeth - *(noise)

show the teeth, as in grinning -POC *sisi₂

sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc. -PPH *sikát

to grin, show the teeth -PMP *ŋisi

to pick at one’s food, show little interest in eating -PPH *kimkím

to point at, point out, show by pointing -PWMP *ma-nuzuq

to point out, show, teach -POC *akot

to show -PAN *pa-kita

to show off -PPH *pa-sikat

to show respect for someone -PPH *galaŋ-en

to show respect to -PPH *i-gálaŋ

to show, display -PPH *i-pa-kita

to teach, show someone how to do something -PPH *nau

showing

grin widely, showing the teeth -PMP *beŋis₂

shown

thing pointed out, shown, or taught -PWMP *ka-tuzuq-an

shred

to grate or shred foodstuffs -PPH *yadyád

to rip, tear, shred -PWMP *testes

shriek

shriek, as of laughter -PWMP *dekak

shriek, creak, cluck, chuckle - *-kek(root)

squeak, shriek -PMP *ekit

squeak, shriek, shrill cry -PWMP *qikqik

squeal, screech, shriek, etc. -PMP *ŋikŋik

squeal, screech, shriek, etc. -PMP *ŋik

shrill

shrill buzz or hum; ring - *-ŋiŋ(root)

shrill cry -PWMP *kicek

shrill cry -PMP *e(ŋ)kik

shrill sound -PCEMP *serik

shrill sound -PMP *keriqik

shrill sound -PPh *iŋqiiŋ

shrill sound of an insect, probably cricket or cicada -PWMP *pispis₂

shrill throaty sound - *-gik (or *-giqik?)(root)

shrill throaty sound - *-kik(root)

shrill throaty sound - *-ŋik(root)

shrill whistle or chirrup -PPh *wiwí

shrill whistle or chirrup - *(noise)

shrill, of the voice -PMP *cerik

squeak, shriek, shrill cry -PWMP *qikqik

shrimp

antennae of shrimp (?) -PWMP *suŋu₁

catch fish or shrimp with the hands -PWMP *gamaʔ

shrimp, crayfish, lobster -POC *quraŋ

shrimp, crayfish, lobster -PAN *qudaŋ

shrimp, lobster -PAN-F *kabus₂

small shrimp -PPh *hípun₂

small shrimp sp. -PPh *balaw₁

shrimps (small)

shrimps (small) - *(loan)

shrink

deflate, shrink -PMP *ki(m)pes

deflate, shrink -PMP *kampis

shrink -PMP *kuŋkuŋ₃

shrink -PMP *kunkun

shrink -PMP *keŋkeŋ₃

shrink (of living things) -PMP *eRes

shrink, contract -POC *Rokoŋ

shrink, contract -PMP *Re(ŋ)keŋ

shrink, decrease -PWMP *kekes

shrink, shrivel -PWMP *ke(m)pis

shrink, shrivel - *-keŋ₄(root)

to subside, shrink, reduce in size -PPH *keles

shrivel

shrink, shrivel -PWMP *ke(m)pis

shrink, shrivel - *-keŋ₄(root)

shriveled

shriveled, wrinkled -PWMP *kerut

shrivelled

dried up, scorched, shrivelled -POC *koRaŋ₁

shroud

bind, bundle, wrap in cloth; death shroud; cloth(ing) -PMP *balun₅

bind, bundle; wrap in cloth; death shroud; cloth(ing) -PCEMP *balun₃

burial shroud; to enshroud a corpse -PMP *saput₁

shrub

a leguminous shrub:Leucaena glauca -PPh *ipil ipil

a moderate-sized shrub:Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea -PWMP *sabasaq

a shrub or tree:Gnetum gnemon -PWMP *baguh

a shrub or tree:Melanolepis multiglandulosa -PPH *álem

a shrub with edible figs:Ficus tinctoria -POC *taŋa₃

a shrub, the Jew’s mallow:Corchorus spp., fam.Malvaceae -PPH *salúyut

a shrub:Acalypha sp. -POC *kalaqabusi

a shrub:Cordyline spp. -PWMP *sabaqaŋ

a shrub:Cordyline,Dracaena -PMP *siRi

a shrub:Euphorbia neriifolia L. -PWMP *sudu-sudu

kind of shrub -PPH *dalúpaŋ

ornamental shrub used for hedgesGraptophyllum pictum -PWMP *qatay qatay₂

shrub or small tree:Abroma augusta L. -PWMP *anabu

shrub sp. - *(noise)

shrub sp., kind of shrub -POC *bele

shrunken

deflated, shrunken -PPh *qepés

empty, deflated, shrunken -PMP *i(m)pes

shudder

shudder -PWMP *kirig

shudder -PWMP *kilig

shut

close, shut -PWMP *cakep

close, shut -PWMP *sa(ŋ)kep

close, shut -PMP *qentep

close, shut off -PMP *si(m)pet

close, shut; enclose -PWMP *tikup

cover, shut - *(noise)

cover, shut in -PWMP *lekeb

cover, shut in -PWMP *lekep₁

shut off -POC *boboŋ₁

to close up, shut, as a door -PPH *liŋkep

to close, shut -PWMP *maŋ-iŋkem

to close, shut -PWMP *iŋkem

to close, shut; door -PMP *qeneb₁

to close, to shut -POC *qonop

to close, to shut; door -PAN *qeNeb₁

to cover, shut -PMP *tekub

to enclose, shut in -PMP *kebkeb₁

to enclose, shut in’ -POC *kokop

to shut, close -PPH *liqekep

to shut, close -PPH *keleb

shuttle

spool, shuttle; thread holder (in weaving or making nets) -PWMP *sikuqan

shy

ashamed; shy -PAN-F *Sikad

ashamed; shy; modest -PAN-F *ma-Sikad

shy - *(noise)

shy, ashamed -PWMP *ilah-an

shy, embarrassed, ashamed -PCEMP *ma-mayaq

shy, embarrassed; ashamed -PMP *ma-heyaq

shy, embarrassed; ashamed -PAN *ma-Seyaq

to shy away, of animals -PWMP *dura

wild, shy, skittish -PWMP *ma-ilah₂

wild, shy, skittish -PWMP *ma-ilah₁

wild, timorous, shy -POC *ila₁

wild, timorous, shy -PMP *ilah

shyness

shame, shyness -PWMP *ka-heyaq

shyness, embarrassment; shame -PMP *heyaq

shyness, embarrassment; shame -PAN *Seyaq

Siamese

conjoined fruits; Siamese twins -PPH *síŋin

sibling

be in a sibling relationship -PWMP *maR-huaji

called or regarded as siblings (?) -PAN *Suaji-an

elder same sex sibling -POC *tuaka

elder sibling -PAN *kaka₂

elder sibling -PWMP *aka

elder sibling (vocative) -PWMP *aka-q

elder sibling (vocative) -PWMP *aka-ŋ

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *kaka₂

elder sibling of the same sex -POC *toka

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *teka₂

father, uncle, elder sibling - *(noise)

parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of*ama -PMP *mama

parents' elder sibling -PMP *uaʔ

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me -PMP *ua₂

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ -PMP *uaq

relationship between spouses of siblings -PPH *bilas

same-sex sibling (?) -POC *tuRa-

younger sibling -PAN *Suaji

younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PMP *huaji-q

younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PWMP *huaji-ŋ

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -POC *taci

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *ta-huaji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PWMP *paR-huaji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PCEMP *waji

younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *huaji

sibling-in-law

sibling-in-law (probably of the same sex only) -PMP *hipaR₁

sibling-in-law of the same sex -POC *ipaR-

siceraria

the bottle gourd:Lagenaria siceraria -PWMP *labuq₂

sick

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

fall ill, become sick -POC *masakit-ia

hurt someone; make someone sick -PMP *pa-sakit

hurting; sick with something, suffering from an illness -PWMP *sakit-en

sick, painful -POC *masakit

sick, painful -PMP *ma-sakit

sick, painful -PMP *sakit

sick; illness -PSHWNG *bisik₂

to be sick -PWMP *maR-sakit

to fall ill, become very sick -PMP *ma-saki-sakit

was hurt or sick -PPH *na-sakit

sickle

sickle - *(loan)

sickle for harvesting grain -PAN-F *kawkaw₁

sickle; to harvest rice with a sickle -PPH *gápas

sickly

sickly - *(noise)

sickness

sickness, illness -PWMP *pa-ñakit

spirit that causes sickness -PPh *abat₂

side

answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -POC *bali₇

approach or strike from the side or at an oblique angle -PPH *sarijsij

board, plank, side of canoe -POC *baban

border, side, edge -PWMP *p<al>idpid

corner; side, edge -PWMP *zuRu

dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -PMP *baliw₁

flat (of things that are expected to rounded), flat on one side -PWMP *sapaD

ford a river, cross to the other side (of a river, street, etc.) -PPH *dákit

free side of canoe, opposite the outrigger -POC *katae

front side; belly (of an animal?) -POC *qarop

gunwale, side plank on canoe - *(loan)

inclination, leaning to the side -PWMP *keleŋ₂

incline one's head to the side -PAN *qipiŋ

lay long objects side by side; raft -PMP *Rakit

left side -POC *kauRi

left side or direction -PEMP *mauRi

left side or direction -POC *mawiRi

left side or direction -PAN *ka-wiRi

left side or direction -PAN *wiRi

lie on one's side -PWMP *tumbiriŋ

look from side to side, turn the head in this way -PWMP *liŋaR

on the opposite side -PPH *di-baliw

on the opposite side (esp. of a river) -PWMP *di hipaR

one side, one half -PWMP *pihak

opposite side (esp. of a river) -PMP *hipaR₂

opposite side (esp. of a river) -PAN *SipaR

right hand, right side -PMP *ka-taqu₂

right side -PMP *ma-wanan

right side -PMP *tuqu₁

right side -PMP *ma-taqu₂

right side -PMP *taqu₁

shake or move from side to side -PWMP *hiwal

side by side -PPH *abay

side of canoe opposite the outrigger -POC *qatai

side of the face, cheek; side planks of a canoe -POC *babaR

side of the head -POC *tabal

side path, branch or fork in path or stream; take a side path or way; crossroads -PMP *simpaŋ

side, edge -PPH *gílij

side, edge -POC *piriŋ₂

side, edge -PMP *biriŋ₁

side, edge -POC *piriŋ₁

side, edge -PMP *bidiŋ

side, edge, border -PWMP *piRpiR₁

side, edge, border -POC *taba₂

side, flank -PWMP *sampiŋ

side, flank - *(loan)

side, flank - *(noise)

side, go to the side -PWMP *sisiq₁

side, half -PCEMP *pali₁

side, part -POC *balaŋ₄

side, part -PCEMP *balaŋ₂

slope, mountain side - *(noise)

spicy condiment side dish with rice - *(loan)

take a side path -POC *siba₁

temple, side of the head -PWMP *pilis

tipped on the side (?) -PPH *ta-gílij

to carry at the side or on the hip, pressed under the arm -PPH *kilít

to join, unite with in taking sides -PPH *k<um>ampi

to pass, cross over to the other side; to be past, of time for an action -PWMP *lapas

to wind, curve, turn to the side; to tack, sail into the wind -PMP *biluk

turn one’s head to the side to look back -PPH *liŋiq

turn to the side -PMP *liŋak

turn up at the edge, expose the bottom side -PWMP *lukab

wag, shake, move repeatedly from side to side -PAN *wiŋawiŋ

wag, swing from side to side -PAN *witiwit

work (object, instrument) from side to side -PPH *walwáR

work (object, instrument) from side to side -PPh *walwál

side-dish

protein side-dish eaten with rice (typically fish) -PPh *sidáq

side-dish (fish, meat or vegetables eaten with rice) -PWMP *qulam

side-to-side

shake the head in negation, shake the head from side-to-side -PWMP *iliŋ₃

sideways

extend both arms sideways -PPH *maR-depa

extend the arms sideways -PPH *i-depa

leaning sideways, listing (as a boat) -PMP *kiliŋ

to move sideways -PPH *iwad

siege

to surround, lay siege to -PPH *kubkub₁

sieve

a sieve; to sift -PWMP *agag

sieve, strainer -PWMP *ayak-an

sift

a sieve; to sift -PWMP *agag

sift, separate by sifting -PWMP *qayag

sift, separate by sifting -PWMP *ayak₂

to sift -PWMP *maŋ-agag

to sift -PWMP *maŋ-ayak

sifting

sift, separate by sifting -PWMP *qayag

sift, separate by sifting -PWMP *ayak₂

Siganus

marine fish sp. with venomous dorsal spines, Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus -PWMP *kiteŋ

Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus (familysiganidae) -POC *kitoŋ

rabbitfish:Siganus sp. -POC *palaja

sigh

sigh - *(loan)

sight

fade from sight -PWMP *silem

in the line of sight, clearly visible -PPH *aŋ(ə)tad

look; sight; to look, see -PPH *tiŋén

sink, vanish from sight -PMP *teleb

to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR

to hear; what is heard, news; to perceive by any sense other than sight -POC *roŋoR

sign

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

sign - *(loan)

sign, signal, mark - *(loan)

signal

raise the eyebrows as a signal to another person; to furrow the brows (?) -PWMP *kindat

sign, signal, mark - *(loan)

sucking noise made as a signal to another person -PMP *misik

sika

deer of the genusCervus, either the sika deer or sambar deer -PAN-F *benan

silence

deep silence -PWMP *leplep

suffer in silence, conceal an illness -PWMP *pelaqam

silent

brood, think, be silent -PMP *sendem

keep something to oneself; silent, secret -PWMP *hidem

silent, taciturn -PWMP *Renek

to fall silent; keep quiet about something; keep a secret -PPH *hipes

silhouette

silhouette, shadow; glimpse of something -PMP *ilap₂

silk

silk cotton tree:Ceiba pentandra Linn. -PPh *buybuy

silk cotton, kapok -PAN-F *kapua

silk-cotton

kapok; silk-cotton tree -PWMP *kapuk

silly

silly, senile, doting -PWMP *aŋu aŋu

stupid, silly, ignorant -PPH *taŋah

silver

a marine fish, probably the silver bream -PWMP *kapas kapas

inlay of gold or silver -PWMP *tataq

silver - *(loan)

similar

adze or similar tool -PWMP *sa(ŋ)kal

chigger or similar insect -PPH *kuykúy₁

civet cat and similar small predatory mammals of the familyViverridae -PMP *musaŋ

exude or escape, of air, gases or similar substances (?) -PMP *heŋaw

like, similar to, resemble -PMP *buat₂

mate, companion; like, similar to -POC *jama

similar; imitate -PPh *iriŋ₂

sparrow or similar bird -PAN *tutut

tree with fruit similar to breadfruit -PWMP *si teRep

tree with fruit similar to breadfruit -PWMP *teRep

wild palm tree with fruit similar to areca nut:Heterospathe elata -PPH *sagisí

simple-minded

simple-minded -PWMP *laŋaq₂

simultaneous

simultaneous, at once -PMP *lepes

simultaneously

do something simultaneously -PWMP *maR-deŋan

unite, do simultaneously -PMP *raŋkep₂

unite, do simultaneously -PWMP *raŋkeb

sincere

real, genuine, true, sincere -PWMP *tunay₂

sinensis

the Formosan hare: Lepus sinensis formosus -PAN-F *lutuk₁

sinew

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon -PAN *huRaC

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root -PMP *uRat

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; sinew; tendon; ligament; fiber; tough, sinewy -POC *uRat

veins, sinews (collective) -PMP *uRat uRat

sinewy

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; sinew; tendon; ligament; fiber; tough, sinewy -POC *uRat

sing

sing - *(loan)

sing in unison -PMP *saRup₂

sing, song - *(noise)

sing; song -POC *kanam

sing; song -PCEMP *wari

sing; song -POC *bubu₈

sing; song -PCEMP *bubu₉

to sing in unison, as in traditional festivals -PWMP *ñañuy

to sing; song, tune, melody -PAN-F *quyaS

singe

to burn, singe -PPH *seReb

to roast; singe, cauterize -PPH *pasúq-en

to singe, blacken the surface with fire -PPH *sárab

to singe, burn off -PWMP *sadab

to singe, burn slightly -PPH *sajab

to singe, scorch -PPH *sirub

singing

choral singing; to blend voices in song -POC *jaRu

single

alone, single -PPh *bug(e)túŋ

single - *(loan)

single log bridge (?) -PMP *taytay

single log bridge; stairs, ladder -POC *tete

to seize property and run off with it; to elope with a single woman -PPH *taŋaR

single-file

walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PWMP *aRak-aRak

walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PWMP *maŋ-aRak

walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PMP *aRak

singular

genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni

nominative case marker for singular common nouns -PAN *ya

nominative case marker for singular personal names or kin terms used as personal names -PAN *si₁

oblique case marker for singular personal nouns -PMP *ki₂ₐ

sink

to sink something; to destroy -PWMP *ma-ŋaRem

capsize, of a boat; sink -PWMP *kaRem

dive; sink, disappear under water - *-Neb₁(root)

dive; sink, disappear under water - *-ñep(root)

sink -PWMP *qeled

sink -PWMP *taR-benem

sink - *-lej(root)

sink - *-lem(root)

sink - *(near)

sink down, subside; landslide -POC *solo₃

sink, disappear - *-leb(root)

sink, disappear under water -PWMP *leñej

sink, disappear under water -PWMP *teleŋ

sink, disappear under water -PMP *telem

sink, drown -PMP *keñej

sink, immerse oneself in water, dive into the water; to set, of the sun -PAN *selem₁

sink, set (sun) -PMP *teñej

sink, submerge -PCEMP *seleb

sink, submerge -PMP *celeb

sink, submerge - *-lep(root)

sink, submerge; overflow -PMP *lebleb₂

sink, vanish from sight -PMP *teleb

sink; drown -PWMP *benem₂

submerge, sink -PMP *le(p)lep

submerge, sink -PMP *delep

submerge, sink, drown - *-ñej(root)

to sink -PPH *lúnud

to sink, soak into -PPH *reneb

to sink, submerge, capsize -PPH *ma-lúnud

sinuous

sinuous, winding -PPH *kiwal

sip

sip, as soup -POC *iRup

sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl -PMP *hiRup

sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl -PAN *SiRup

sip, suck -POC *susup

sip, suck -PAN *sepsep

sip, suck -PAN *supsup

sip, suck -PAN *sipsip

sip, suck -PWMP *sedut

sip, suck -PAN *qesep

sip, suck -PMP *cupcup

sip, suck - *-sep(root)

sip, taste slightly -PPH *timtim

to sip or suck in or out -PWMP *ma-ñepsep

to sip, as hot soup -PPH *ilep

to sip, as through a straw -PAN *siRup

to sip, suck on -PCEMP *ñopñop

to sip, to drink -PWMP *maŋ-hiRup

to sip, to suck -POC *sosop-i

to sip, to suck -PMP *sepsep-i

to suck, sip -PAN *s<um>epsep

to suck, sip, soak up -PWMP *maŋ-qisep

sipped

was sipped by -PWMP *hiRup-en

Sipunculus

edible sea worm:Sipunculus spp. -POC *ibo

Sister

a constellation: the Seven Sisters, Pleiades -PWMP *pariama

sister

brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking) -PWMP *anak-en

child, offspring; son, daughter; brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking); young animal or plant; young; small (for its kind); dependent or component part of something larger; native, resident, inhabitant; interest on a loan -PMP *anak

father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband -PMP *aya₂

father's sister, possibly address term -PMP *ema-q

father's sister, possibly address term -PMP *ema₁

mother, mother's sister -PAN *ina

mother, mother's sister (address, vocative) -PAN *iná-q

mother, mother's sister (address, vocative) -PMP *iná-ŋ

mother, mother's sister (address, vocative) -PMP *iná-i

mother, mother's sister; female animal -PMP *ina

mother, mother's sister; female animal; largest member of a set -PCEMP *ina

mother's sister, father's sister -PWMP *kam-ina-en

sister (man speaking) -PMP *betaw

wife's sister's husband -PWMP *biras₂

woman; female; sister (male speaker) -POC *papine

sister-in-law

brother-in-law, sister-in-law - *(noise)

sit

brood, sit on eggs -PWMP *qerem

brood, sit on eggs -POC *opi

brood, sit on eggs -PMP *ekep

brood, sit on eggs; cover completely -PMP *ukup

come to shore, settle down in a place; sit, squat -POC *toka₂

cooled off, as cooked food that has been left to sit too long -PAN *ma-baSaw

sit cross-legged - *(loan)

sit deferentially - *(loan)

sit on the ground -PWMP *timpuhuq

sit, squat - *(near)

sit, squat; come to rest; stay in a place; settle down, as birds on a tree -POC *toka₃

sit; stay or stop moving; reside -POC *nofo

to brood, sit on eggs -PWMP *eden

to sit -PMP *iŋkud

to sit -PAN *ikud

to sit -PWMP *tujaw

to sit -PMP *tu(n)daŋ

to sit on eggs, of a hen -PPH *qebqeb

to sit, be seated -PWMP *dukduk₃

to squat, sit on one’s heels -POC *tiko

site

clear the ground for a garden site -POC *poki

situation

take advantage of a situation or opportunity, exploit an advantage -PPH *sambut₁

six

divide into six (?) -PMP *pa-enem

do six times -PAN *paR-enem-en

do six times -PWMP *ka-enem

group of six -PPh *enem-an

six -POC *onom

six -PEMP *onəm

six -PAN *enem

six (of humans) -PAN *a-enem

six by six, six at a time -POC *onom onom

six by six, six at a time -PMP *enem enem

six times -POC *paka-onom

six times -PMP *paka-enem

six times -PWMP *iŋg-enem

six times (frequentative multiplicative) -PAN *maka-enem

sixth

sixth -POC *ika-onom

sixth (ordinal) -PMP *ika-enem

sixty

sixty -POC *onom ŋa puluq

sixty -PMP *enem ŋa puluq

size

little, small in size or amount -POC *liki

small in size or amount -PAN *kedi

small in size or amount -PWMP *kedit

small in size or amount -PWMP *kedik

swell, increase in size -PMP *beŋkak

to subside, shrink, reduce in size -PPH *keles

sizzle

hiss, sizzle -PAN *qesir

to hiss, sizzle -PPH *sagitsit

sizzling

sound of sputtering, sizzling, etc. -PMP *sit

skate

skate, stingray (generic); a constellation -PMP *paRih

skewer

pierce, skewer - *(noise)

pierce, skewer or string together -PAN *tusuk

skewer -PMP *cukcuk

skewer something so as to pick it up without touching it -PPH *tuRsúk

skewer, pointed stick -PWMP *sulah

skewer, spit for roasting -PMP *tuduk

skewer; to skewer (as meat) -PWMP *te(n)duk

to pierce, penetrate, skewer -PWMP *ma-nusuk

to string (beads, fish, etc.); to skewer (candlenuts, etc.) -POC *tuRi₁

skewered

be strung, be skewered -PAN *CuSuR-en

skewering

stringing of beads, skewering of fish, etc. -PMP *tuhuR

skidding

skidding, stumbling, losing balance -PPH *ma-dapílus

skidding, stumbling, losing balance -PPH *dapílus

skill

ability, skill, knowledge how to do something -PWMP *ka-taqu₁

forget a skill, make a mistake -PWMP *beluy

knowledge, skill, intelligence -PPH *dunuŋ

skilled

accustomed to, skilled at, used to -PPH *anad

skilled, adept - *(loan)

skilled, knowing how (to do something) -PWMP *ka-taqu-an

to know how, be able to, be skilled at -PMP *taqu₂

to know how, be able to, be skilled at -PAN *Caqu

skillful

dextrous, agile, skillful -PWMP *sikap₂

skim

scoop up, skim from the surface -PPH *saRap

to scoop up, skim from the surface -PPH *s<um>aRap

to skim over the surface -PMP *tapis₂

skin

a skin disease: framboesia, yaws -PMP *puRu₁

a skin disease: ringworm -POC *lapa₂

abrasion of the skin -PWMP *laslas

animal skin, hide, leather -PMP *qanit

animal skin, hide, leather -PAN *qaNiC

any natural mark on human skin: birthmark, freckle, mole -PMP *qila

be affected by itching, be infected with scabies or other itchy skin disorders -PWMP *gatel-en

body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁

cracked, peeling, of skin -PWMP *kur(i)siŋ

dirt on skin; dandruff -PAN *daki

dirt on skin; dandruff; tartar on teeth -PMP *daki

disease which produces scaly skin: ichthyosis -PWMP *bugis

flaky skin disease -POC *kaka₁

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin:Tinea flava orPityriasis -PMP *panaw₁

get a splinter in the skin -PPH *ma-salugsug-án

get a splinter or sliver under the skin or nail -PPH *salugsúg

have dark blotches on the skin -PMP *qila-qila

healed, of a wound with shiny skin -PPH *luq(e)nit

inflammation of the skin -POC *tubu₁

marine fish with thorny skin -PMP *utik

node, joint; knuckle; swelling under the skin -POC *buku-buku

oily, as the hair or skin -PWMP *lumek

oily, as the hair or skin -PMP *lumuk

peel off, of skin; remove the bark of a tree -PMP *bakbak₁

peeling skin - *-bak₁(root)

reddish; discolored, as the skin over a bruise -PWMP *baŋbaŋ₈

scratch or wale on the skin -PMP *balar

scratch or wale on the skin -PMP *balan

scruffiness of the skin; dirt, dregs -POC *kani-kani

scurfy skin disease; scabies -PAN *kuris₁

scurfy skin disease; scabies -PAN *kudis

shell, peeling, skin -POC *bwara

shell, peeling, skin -POC *bwala

skin -PAN-F *baŋeS

skin disease -POC *kuli-kulit

skin disease - *(loan)

skin disease - *(noise)

skin, bark -POC *pinut

skin, bark, peel, shell -POC *kulit

skin; hide; rind; bark -PMP *kulit

sore on skin -POC *pwasa

spotted, speckled, as the skin of an animal -PAN *paCak

swelling; lump or bump under the skin -PWMP *buŋkug

swelling; lump or bump under the skin; wad of something -PMP *buŋkul

thick or hard skin, buffalo hide, leather; callus -PWMP *balulaŋ

to be skinned, have the skin removed -PWMP *kulit-an

to flay, peel back or off, as bark or skin -PCEMP *sisi₃

to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains -PWMP *beRas-en

to molt, shed the skin -POC *uñus

to molt, shed the skin -PMP *huñus

to peel off skin, bark or leaves; excoriated, decorticated, defoliated -PWMP *laklak

to peel, skin off -PMP *kelas

to skin an animal -PWMP *qanit-an

to skin an animal -PMP *q<um>anit

to skin an animal -PAN *q<um>aNiC

to skin or peel, remove the skin or peeling -PWMP *ma-ŋulit

to skin peel off - *-NiC(root)

to skin, flay -PWMP *panit

to skin, flay -PAN *baNiC

to skin, remove the skin -PWMP *kulit-en

to slough, shed the skin, as a snake -POC *nunu₂

to wrinkle, be wrinkled, as the skin -PPH *kuretret

wart; cyst; non-purulent skin eruption -POC *putiR

wart; cyst; non-purulent skin eruption -PCEMP *butiR

wart; cyst; non-purulent skin eruption -PMP *buteliR

wrinkled, as the skin -PWMP *kure(n)dut

wrinkled, of the skin, as from age -PPH *kubet-kubet

skinned

peeled, skinned -PWMP *bebak₁

to be skinned, have the skin removed -PWMP *kulit-an

skinny

protruding, of the bones of a skinny (bony) person -PWMP *ka-tuqela-tuqelaŋ

skinny, thin, underweight -PAN *ma-kuliC

thin, skinny (?) -PWMP *ma-Rusuk

thin, slender, skinny - *(loan)

skip

step, stride; to omit or skip over -PMP *laŋkaq₁

skipjack

a fish, the skipjack tuna or bonito -POC *qatun

skirt

apron, skirt -PWMP *tapiq₂

skirt - *(loan)

woman’s grass skirt -POC *nai

woman’s skirt; cloth used for clothing -PWMP *kain

skittish

wild, shy, skittish -PWMP *ma-ilah₂

wild, shy, skittish -PWMP *ma-ilah₁

wild; skittish (as animals) -POC *kila

wild; skittish; insane -PMP *gila

skull

skull -PPH *buŋuq

skull -PMP *batuk₃

skull, cranium - *(noise)

sky

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PWMP *hawan hawan

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PWMP *hawan

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PMP *awaŋ

sky -PMP *laŋit

sky -PAN *laŋiC

space between earth and sky - *(noise)

year, season; sky, heaven -PAN-F *kawaS₁

slab

stone slab, thin layer -PMP *lapis

slack

loose, slack -PWMP *kenduR

soft, weak, slack -PWMP *lemaq

slam

slam down with force -PWMP *dakdak

slam down, ram down -PMP *qetak

slam something down -PMP *la(m)bak

smack, slap, slam -PWMP *lapak

slander

gossip, slander -PWMP *buat buat

slant

slant - *(near)

slant, incline -PWMP *qiriŋ₂

slant, lean over (as a tree) -POC *(bp)alalan

slanted

slanted, of the eyes -PPH *siŋkít

slanting

askew, in a slanting direction -PMP *liliŋ₁

slanting, awry -PMP *hiwid

slanting, awry -PAN *Siwid

slanting, inclined -PWMP *sunduŋ

slanting, sloping -POC *siba₂

slanting, sloping -PMP *simpa

slap

clap, flap, slap -PWMP *epap

clap, slap, pound -PWMP *upuk

hit, slap -PWMP *lipak

loud slap -PWMP *dagepak

pat, light slap -PAN *tepik

pat, light slap - *-pik (or *-piqik?)(root)

pat, slap lightly -POC *tapik

pat, slap lightly -PMP *tapik

slap, beat on -PMP *bebak₂

slap, clap - *-pak₁ (or *-paqak?)(root)

slap, clap - *(noise)

slap, clap on the ear -PWMP *tampar₂

slap, hit with open hand -PMP *tampek

slap, hit, beat -PWMP *upak₂

slap, pat - *-bik(root)

slap, smack -PPh *hampak

slap, sound of collision -PWMP *ragepak

slap, sound of collision -PWMP *lagepak

slap, sound of slapping or clapping -PWMP *tipak

slap, strike with the hand -PWMP *ta(m)pak

smack, slap, slam -PWMP *lapak