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Rabbitfish

marine fish sp. with venomous dorsal spines, Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus -PWMP *kiteŋ

Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus (familysiganidae) -POC *kitoŋ

rabbitfish

rabbitfish:Siganus sp. -POC *palaja

race

a race, running competition -PWMP *lumbeq

race - *(loan)

Radermachera

a tree:Radermachera gigantea -PWMP *tui₂

radiance

light, radiance -PMP *sunaR

light, radiance -PAN *suNaR

light, radiance; shine -PWMP *edaŋ

radiance -PMP *gilap

radiance -PWMP *gilaŋ

radiance, as of rising sun -PMP *banaqaR

shine; radiance -PWMP *sinaŋ

radiate

to shine, radiate light -PAN *s<um>uNaR

to shine, radiate light -PMP *s<um>unaR

radish

radish - *(loan)

raffle

raffle - *(loan)

raft

join along the length, raft -POC *rakit

join along the length; raft -PMP *dakit

lay long objects side by side; raft -PMP *Rakit

rafter

one of the four principal rafters -PPh *paR(e)bu

rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed -PMP *kasaw₁

rage

struggle in rage -PWMP *rabut

raid

raid, go headhunting -PWMP *ayaw

rain

abundance of rain -PWMP *ka-quzan

ditch, rain channel caused by water dripping from a house roof -PWMP *paspas₃

drizzle, drizzling rain -PWMP *rinis

drizzle, light rain -PPH *taRihtih

drizzle, light rain -PPH *tariktik₁

drizzling rain, mist; fog -PMP *Rabun

foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *ma-lebleb

foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *lebleb₁

get caught in the rain -PWMP *ka-quzan-an

get drenched by the rain -PPH *ma-quzan-an

head cover, protection from sun or rain -PMP *tuduŋ

rain -POC *qusan

rain -PMP *quzan

rain -PAN *quzaN

rain cloud -POC *kadapuR

rain intermittently -POC *qusan qusan

rain intermittently -PMP *quzan quzan

sheltered, as from wind, rain, or sun -PMP *duŋduŋ

sound of grating, rain pounding, etc. -PPH *kaRitkit

sound of rain on roof -PPH *taRiktík

sound of ticking, rain drops falling -PPH *tagiktik

steady dripping, as of sweat or drizzling rain -PMP *rintik

stop, cease, of rain -PMP *hedaw

swiftly flowing, of water; heavy, of rain -PMP *deRes

to evaporate, as vapor rising from the ground after rain -PPH *suŋáw

to pour, of heavy rain -PAN-F *salaw

to rain -PMP *q<um>uzan

to rain -PWMP *maR-quzan

to rain -PWMP *maŋ-quzan

to rain on (something) -PMP *quzan-i

to rain; it is raining -PAN *q<um>uzaN

wind-driven rain -PWMP *ampias

rainbow

a fish, the rainbow runner:Elagatis bipinnulata -POC *kamaRi

rainbow -PAN *-waRwaR

rainbow -PWMP *duniq

raincoat

raincoat - *(loan)

rained

to be rained on -PAN *quzan-en

raining

to rain; it is raining -PAN *q<um>uzaN

rainy

north; rainy season -PPh *qamihan-an

rainy -PAN *ma-quzaN

raise

care for, raise (an animal) -PAN *pa-qudip

lift or raise up -PWMP *maŋ-atas

lift, raise - *(loan)

lift, raise up -PWMP *aŋkat-an

lift, raise, carry -PWMP *maŋ-aŋkat

lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *taR-aŋkat

lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *maR-aŋkat

lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *aŋkat

raise chickens -PWMP *maR-manuk

raise the eyebrows as a signal to another person; to furrow the brows (?) -PWMP *kindat

raise, place something upright -PWMP *baŋun-an

to bruise, raise welts -PPh *banéR

to lift the head, raise the head -PPH *háŋad

to lift, raise -PPH *batun

to lift, raise up -PWMP *katkat₁

to lift, raise, uncover, bare something -PCMP *silu₁

raised

raised flesh over a wound -POC *pupula

raised flooring -PWMP *pa(n)duŋ

raising

act of lifting or raising -PWMP *paŋ-aŋkat

rake

a rake -PAN-F *ka-kuRi

comb, comb-like structure; rake, harrow -PMP *sisir

rake -PPH *k<ar>aykáy

rake -PAN-F *kuRi

scratch up, sweep or rake up -PPH *kaykáy

to rake -PAN-F *k<um>uRi

ram

slam down, ram down -PMP *qetak

rambutan

hairy; kind of hairy fruit, rambutan:Nephelium lappaceum -PWMP *bulu-an

ramie

ramie - *(loan)

ramiflora

an evergreen tree with decorative flowers:Cynometra ramiflora L. -PMP *namut

ram into

hit, ram into - *(loan)

rancid

rotten, turned rancid or mildewed -PPH *tag(e)bák

sour, rancid -PMP *maŋsit

to rot, spoil, become rancid -PPH *laŋeg

rank

rank, position - *(loan)

title of rank - *(loan)

ransom

redeem, ransom -PMP *tebus

rap

rap or tap lightly -PPH *tiltil

rap, tap -PWMP *tirtir₂

to hit, pound, rap on something -PWMP *latuk

to rap, knock, make a booming sound -PAN *tekuŋ₂

rape

force, rape - *(near)

rapid

flutter, flap, sound of rapid wingbeats -PMP *berber₁

quick, rapid -POC *taku₁

rushing of water; rapids, cascade -PPH *dalágan

sound of rapid talking -PPH *kata

to talk excessively, or in a rapid, meaningless stream -PPH *yamyám

rapidly

grow rapidly, thrive, be healthy -PPH *talúbuq

move the lips rapidly, as in gnawing or nibbling on something -PPH *kútib

moving about rapidly or restlessly -PPH *kidas

puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun -PMP *putput₂

to flow, stream, move out rapidly -POC *rere₂

raptorial

kind of raptorial bird, eagle or hawk -PWMP *kaŋkaŋ₄

raptorial bird

raptorial bird - *(near)

rare

far apart, rare -PWMP *ma-laka

far apart; rare -PWMP *la(ŋ)ka

rash

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

rasp

a file, rasp -POC *kikir

grater, rasp, as for coconuts -PWMP *kuDkuD-an

rasp, file -PMP *parud

rasp, file -PAN *kiRkiR

scrape, grate, rasp -PMP *kaRud

scrape, rasp -PAN *karut₁

to file, rasp -PMP *kiDkiD

to scrape, rasp, grate, as in grating coconuts -PMP *kuDkuD

raspberry

the Japanese raspberry:Rubus parvifolius (Linn.),Rubus taiwanianus (Matsum.) -PAN *RiNuk

rasped

be rasped or cut off (?) -PWMP *sapsap-en

raspy

hoarse, raspy (of the voice) -PWMP *gaRaw

Rastrelliger

kind of mackerel:Rastrelliger spp. -PPH *tuliŋan

'rat'

bandicoot, marsupial ‘rat’ -PCEMP *mansar

bandicoot, marsupial 'rat' -PCEMP *mansər

mouse, rat - *(loan)

rat -PAN *labaw₁

rat -POC *kusupe

rat -POC *kasupe

rat -PCEMP *kazupay

rat - *(loan)

rat - *(noise)

rat, mouse -POC *kalapo

rat, mouse -PCEMP *kalabaw

rat, mouse -PMP *balabaw

rat, mouse -PWMP *babaw₁

to make holes in sacks of rice, etc., as chickens or rats do -PPH *butbut₃

rattan

a species of rattan -PWMP *seka

gather rattan -PPh *maŋ-quay

kind of rattan -PWMP *segaʔ

kind of rattan -PWMP *apis

kind of sour edible fruit, possibly fruit of rattan -PWMP *libas₁

kind of thick rattan -PMP *naŋa₂

peel rattan -PMP *raut

peel rattan, bamboo -PAN *rauC

rattan - *(noise)

rattan basket used to carry garden produce, etc. -PWMP *karanzaŋ

rattan gatherer -PPh *paŋ-quay

rattan sleeping mat -PWMP *lampit

rattan sp. -PPH *lilit

rattan sp. -PPH *parásan

rattan sp. - *(loan)

rattan sp. - *(noise)

rattan variety -PWMP *away₄

rattan,Calamus sp. -POC *que

rattan,Calamus sp. -PAN *quay

type of rattan -PPH *barit

rat-weed

rat-weed, arsenic -PWMP *baraŋen₂

rat-weed, arsenic -PWMP *baraŋan₃

raucous

caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people -PWMP *gakgak

laugh loudly; loud or raucous laughter -PWMP *hakhak

raucous sound -PCEMP *ŋaŋak

raucous sound -PMP *ŋakŋak

raucous sound -PMP *ŋak

raucous throaty sound - *-gak₂(root)

ravine

ravine, glen, valley -PWMP *lebak₂

raw

eat raw meat -PPH *kilaw₁

eat something raw -POC *qodaq

eat something raw -PCEMP *qentaq

eat something raw -PAN *qetaq

eat something raw -PAN *qataq

raw energy, animal appetite -PMP *ganas

raw, eat something raw -PMP *qamataq

raw, uncooked -PMP *ma-hataq

raw, uncooked -PWMP *hataq

raw, unripe -POC *mataq

raw, unripe -PAN *ma-qataq

raw, unripe -PPh *hiláw

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PCEMP *ma-qetaq

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PAN *ma-qetaq

to eat raw fish or meat -PPH *kilaw-en

ray

large rayfish, probably manta or eagle ray -PMP *paRih manuk

ray of light -PWMP *sinar

ray of light - *-NaR (or *-NagaR?)(root)

ray of light, sunbeam -PMP *sinaR

ray of light; to shine -PMP *siŋaR

rays of the sun -PPH *inaR

tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.; rays of the sun -POC *kawe₁

tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.; rays of the sun -POC *kawe₂

rayfish

large rayfish, probably manta or eagle ray -PMP *paRih manuk

razor

razor - *(loan)

reach

able to fetch, get, take, reach -PPh *maka-alap

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

jump up to reach something -PWMP *lunzag

reach across - *(noise)

ripe, ripen, of fruit; reach a ‘ripe’ stage, of a head cold, a boil, etc. -PPH *hinuR

tap, touch, or reach in with the finger -PWMP *kuhit

to arrive, reach a place -PMP *dateŋ

to come, arrive; reach as far as; reach a destination; to complete -PMP *teka₁

to grasp, reach for; grasping, greedy -PPH *sakém

to put something in a high place or reach a high place by climbing -PPH *saŋ(e)qát

to reach, attain -PPH *q<um>-ábut

to reach, catch up with -PPH *qábut-en

to reach, extend to -PMP *taRus

to reach, overtake, catch up with -PPH *qábut

within reach (?) -PPH *ma-qábut

ready

eat something before it is ready to eat -PWMP *maŋ-qataq

quick, ready, alert - *(loan)

ready, prepared - *(noise)

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PEMP *ma-qosak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PMP *ma-qesak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PAN *qesak

real

real, genuine, true, sincere -PWMP *tunay₂

true, real -PMP *tatuqu

true, real, genuine -PEMP *molaŋ

true, real; truly, really -PMP *tuqu₂

realis

stative marker in irrealis constructions, counterpart to*ma- in realis constructions -PAN *ka-₂

realized

spoiled, gone to waste; never realized, of potential for fertility -PPH *báqug

really

true, real; truly, really -PMP *tuqu₂

truly, surely, really, in fact -PPH *talagá

very thick, really thick -POC *matolu-tolu

reap

cut something slender or soft; reap crops -PAN *keRet

reaping knife; to reap grain -PWMP *ketep₂

to harvest, reap -PPh *qanih-en

reaping

reaping knife; to reap grain -PWMP *ketep₂

rear

be at the rear -PWMP *maŋ-ikuR

buttocks, rear end -PWMP *buri₂

hind part, rear, back -POC *burit₃

hind part, rear, back -PMP *burit₁

hind part, rear, back -POC *buRit₂

hind part, rear, back; base, bottom -PMP *buRit₁

rear end of a chicken -PMP *buntut₁

rear end of an animal -POC *buntut₂

rear part -PPh *íwit

rear part, stern or rudder of a boat -PMP *kama-udehi

rear, back, behind - *(noise)

the last, at the rear -PWMP *ka-udehi-an

rear end

rear end, posterior - *(loan)

reason

reason, pretext, excuse for doing something -PWMP *dalih-an

to assume, act on a supposition, be the reason for an action, escuse for something -PWMP *dalih

why, for what reason -PWMP *buhat apa

reasoning

will; intellect; reasoning, intention, mental presence, mind -PPH *nákem

rebel

to fuss, complain; to rebel, cause a disturbance -PPH *idal

rebound

bounce, rebound -PWMP *untul

bounce, rebound -PWMP *entul

recall

recall or drag up disagreeable past experiences -PWMP *uŋkat

recall, recollect, remember -PWMP *te(n)dem

to remember, recall -PPH *ma-tanda-an

recant

divulge secrets; recant -PPH *buybúy

receive

accept, receive - *(loan)

acknowledge; receive, accept -PWMP *aku-en

receive - *(loan)

receive, accept -PWMP *taŋgap

to catch, receive something thrown or sent one’s way -PWMP *sambut₂

to meet, receive; greet a guest -PWMP *temu₂

to receive, accept -PPH *dawat-en

to receive; to ask for -PPH *dáwat

recent

new, fresh; recent(ly); youth, bachelor; beautiful, in one's prime -PMP *baqeRu

new, recent; young, fresh -PEMP *baqoRu

receptacle

coconut shell receptacle for food or water -PPH *duyuR

reciprocal

prefix of reciprocal or collective action -PEMP *paRi-

reciprocal prefix -PCEMP *paRa-

reciprocate

reciprocate good or evil -PWMP *baras

to answer, retaliate; reciprocate good or evil -PAN *bales₁

reckon

reckon, calculate, count -PWMP *maŋ-bilaŋ

reckon, calculate, count -PPh *ma-bilaŋ

recline

lean on, recline - *-daR(root)

recognize

to know (a person), recognize, be acquainted with; to feel, perceive -PAN *kilala

to notice, take note of; recognize -PWMP *ma-ŋilala

recollect

recall, recollect, remember -PWMP *te(n)dem

recollected

whatchamacallit, filler for word that cannot be recollected -PWMP *kua₂

recover

living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip

to recover something lost -PPH *bawiq-en

to recover something lost, regain -PPH *báwiq

to recover, regain something lost -PPH *b<um>áwiq

rectangular

kind of long rectangular fishing net -POC *kupwena

rectum

rectum, anus, buttocks -PMP *buliq₂

red

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -POC *rarap

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -PMP *dapdap₁

a tree with roots that furnish a red dye:Morinda citrifolia -POC *gurat

a vine with red flower clusters, the Chinese honeysuckle,Quisqualis indica -PPH *taluluŋ

dark hue, possibly dark red -POC *piRiŋ

dark hue, possibly dark red -PMP *biRiŋ₁

dark hue, possibly dark red -PMP *biReŋ

kind of cockatoo with red neck feathers -POC *supiri

kind of cockatoo with red neck feathers -POC *sipiri

kind of large red tree ant with bad bite -PWMP *alagaq

large red tree ant -POC *loRo

red -PCEMP *meRaq

red -PAN-F *taNah

red -PWMP *ma-rara

red -PMP *rara

red -PMP *ma-iRaq

red -PMP *pula₁

red -PMP *pulaq

red -PWMP *deRaŋ

red - *-Raq(root)

red - *(loan)

red - *(noise)

red parakeet -POC *siri

red, reddish -PCEMP *meRaq meRaq

red, reddish color of flames -PMP *siRa₂

red; embarrassed -PWMP *ma-iraŋ

striped with red and black -PWMP *kuriŋ

tiny red itch mite -PWMP *tuŋaw₁

trade cloth (bright red) - *(loan)

tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -PMP *depdep

redden

redden - *(loan)

redden - *(noise)

reddish

red, reddish -PCEMP *meRaq meRaq

red, reddish color of flames -PMP *siRa₂

reddish brown -POC *meRaq

reddish, color of flames -PMP *siRaq

reddish; discolored, as the skin over a bruise -PWMP *baŋbaŋ₈

redeem

redeem, ransom -PMP *tebus

redness

redness; embarrassment -PWMP *iraŋ₁

reduce

reduce, lower (as a price) -PPH *bawas

to subside, shrink, reduce in size -PPH *keles

reed

game played with thrown reeds -POC *tika

kind of reed or cane, includingSaccharum spontaneum -POC *pijo

reed -POC *kaso₁

reed-like

kind of reed-like plant (?) -PMP *kasaw₂

reef

broken off; islet; detached reef -POC *motus

coral reef -POC *papo₃

deep, of the sea; deep sea beyond the reef -POC *laman

ebb tide, dry reef -POC *maqati

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

hunt for shellfish on the reef -POC *paŋoda

reef -PMP *sakaRu

small reef fish, perhaps damselfish -POC *tokuku

smaller types of reef squid -POC *nuse

smaller types of reef squid -POC *nusa₂

smaller types of reef squid -POC *nuso

submerged rock or coral reef -POC *mwaloq

reel

reel, spool (in weaving) -PWMP *ulak-an

reel, spool (in weaving) -PWMP *ulak

reel, stagger -PWMP *ruyuŋ₁

reference

1p deixis and spatial reference: this; here -PAN *ti

1p deixis and spatial reference: this; here -PAN *i-ti

2pl deixis and spatio-temporal reference: that; there, then -PAN *-Cu

3p deixis and spatial reference: that, there (distant?) -PMP *-di

prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf.*kali-) -PAN *qali-

prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf.*qali-) -PAN *kali-

term of reference for older female relative -PPH *dada₂

reflect

reflect, shine -POC *iro iro

reflection

shadow, reflection -PMP *qaninu

'shadow, reflection -PAN *qaNiŋu

shadow; reflection; soul -POC *qanunu

refresh

refresh oneself, go out for some fresh air -POC *paka-aŋin-aŋin

refreshments

refreshments taken with drink - *(loan)

refuse

deny, refuse to acknowledge -PWMP *uŋkir

dregs, refuse - *(loan)

driftwood and scum (?); lit. 'refuse of the current' -PWMP *taqi qaRus

regain

to recover something lost, regain -PPH *báwiq

to recover, regain something lost -PPH *b<um>áwiq

regard

consider, regard - *(loan)

regard as a grandparent or grandchild (?) -PPh *apu-en

regarded

called or regarded as siblings (?) -PAN *Suaji-an

region

plain, region of level land -PAN *ka-dataR-an

regret

regret, remorse for something done -PWMP *selsel₂

reiterate

repeat, reiterate - *(noise)

rejoice

rejoice - *(noise)

relapse

relapse -PPh *beRnát

related

originate; related by common origin; be born -POC *pusa₁

relationship

be in a sibling relationship -PWMP *maR-huaji

co-parent-in-law, the relationship between parents of spouses -PPh *balaqih

genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni

relationship between spouses of siblings -PPH *bilas

relationship between the sexes - *(noise)

relationship of father and child -PWMP *paR-ama-en

relationship of father and children -POC *paRi-tama

relationship of father and children -PWMP *paRi-amax

relationship between spouses of siblings

relationship between spouses of siblings - *(near)

relative

affinal relative - *(noise)

affinal relative, probably son-in-law and daughter-in-law -PPH *ma-nuRaŋ

anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place -POC *ai₁

companion, close relative, other one -PWMP *ka-ibah-an

companion, close relative, other one -PMP *ibah-an

companion, close relative, other one -PMP *ibah

companion, close relative, other one -PAN *ibaS

kinsman, relative (undefined) -POC *tuRaŋ

kinsman, relative (undefined) -PMP *tuRaŋ

relative (?) -PMP *anak buaq

relative of the third ascending or descending generation -PCMP *usi

relative of the third or fourth ascending or descending generation -PMP *piut

relatives -PWMP *daŋ-sa-anak

term of address for older female relative -PPH *nana₂

term of reference for older female relative -PPH *dada₂

release

open, undress, remove, release -PMP *lekas₁

release, loosen, untie -PWMP *pukas₂

release, loosen, untie -PWMP *hekas

release, undo -PAN *bukas

to release something pent-up, let something go -PPH *buaŋ

relent

to relent or subside of appetite, passions, storms, etc. -PWMP *puas

religion

religion - *(loan)

religious

religious feast, festivity -PWMP *gaway₂

religious official - *(loan)

reluctant

averse, unwilling; reluctant -PWMP *butul

remainder

leftover, remainder -POC *tira

leftover, remainder -PMP *tidaq

leftover, remainder -POC *tira

leftover, remainder -PMP *tida

leftover, remainder -PAN *teda

remainder, surplus -POC *iba iba₂

remainder, surplus -PMP *iba iba₁

remaining

the remaining one -PAN *isa-ŋa

remains

take all that remains -PPH *simut

remarry

period in which a widow may not remarry - *(loan)

remember

brood, hold a grudge, remember, keep still -PAN *demdem₁

recall, recollect, remember -PWMP *te(n)dem

remember -PWMP *ta(n)dem

remember -PWMP *iŋet

remember - *(loan)

remember, think about -PWMP *maŋ-iŋat

think, ponder, brood; remember - *-dem₂(root)

to note, remember; care, attention, caution -PMP *iŋat

to remember -PWMP *tendem

to remember, recall -PPH *ma-tanda-an

remembered

person whose name is avoided or cannot be remembered: So-and-so -PMP *sanu

person whose name is avoided or cannot be remembered: So-and-so -PWMP *i-anu, si-anu

person whose name is unknown, avoided or cannot be remembered: who? -PPh *si-nu

place which is unknown or cannot be remembered: where? -PAN *i-nu

thing whose name is unknown, avoided, or cannot be remembered: what? -PMP *a-nu

remnant

remnant, leftover -PAN-F *samaq

stump, remnant -PWMP *puŋpuŋ₁

remora

suckerfish, remora -POC *komi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -POC *komi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -PMP *kemi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ -PMP *gemi

remorse

regret, remorse for something done -PWMP *selsel₂

sulk; feel remorse -PPH *tampuq

remote

remote - *(loan)

remove

open, undress, remove, release -PMP *lekas₁

peel off, of skin; remove the bark of a tree -PMP *bakbak₁

peel off, remove bark -PWMP *bakbak-an

pierce or remove with a needle -PMP *sulam

pull off, remove covering -PPH *ukap

remove coconut husk; scrub with coconut husk -PPh *maŋ-bunut

remove coconut husk; scrub with coconut husk -PPh *bunut-an

remove hair or feathers -PPh *hi-bulbul

remove the bones from meat or fish -PWMP *ma-nuqelaŋ

remove the clothes, undress -PPH *luas₂

remove, loosen, untie -PMP *lu(ŋ)kas

scrub hard to remove dirt -PPH *ludlud₁

separate, remove -PWMP *re(n)tes

solid residue left after squeezing to remove coconut oil, etc. -PPH *lunek₂

take off, remove (+ noun) -PAN *Su-

to remove something from an attached position -PPH *úkit

to remove, take off -PPH *taŋtáŋ₂

to remove, take off or out -PPH *ekal

to scrape or scrub out, remove by scraping -PPh *kuskus-an₂

to skin or peel, remove the skin or peeling -PWMP *ma-ŋulit

to skin, remove the skin -PWMP *kulit-en

to sweep, remove trash -PAN *aSik

untie (a knot), undress, remove clothes -PAN *lapus

removed

to be skinned, have the skin removed -PWMP *kulit-an

removing

turn the soil over, as in removing stones prior to planting -PWMP *suŋkal

renowned

fame; famous, renowned -PPH *bantug

rent

rent -PWMP *abaŋ₃

repair

mend, repair, set in order -POC *tupak

return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro -PMP *uliq₁

repay

cluster (b) == repay, return in kind; retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt) -PMP *baliw₄

repay - *(loan)

repay, replace; take revenge -POC *bali

repeat

change, exchange; repeat, return; again -PPh *baliw-an

change, exchange; repeat, return; again -PMP *baliw₂

do again, repeat -PWMP *q<um>uman

repeat -PWMP *ulit

repeat oneself monotonously -PWMP *quman-quman

repeat oneself monotonously -PAN *quman

repeat, do again -PAN *ulaŋ

repeat, reiterate - *(noise)

return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro -PMP *uliq₁

repeated

prefix of repeated action -PWMP *para-

transport piecemeal; tranport through repeated trips -PAN *SakuC

transport piecemeal; transport through repeated trips -PWMP *maŋ-hakut

transport piecemeal; transport through repeated trips -PMP *hakut

repeatedly

cough repeatedly -PWMP *batuk batuk

flap the wings repeatedly -POC *kaba-kabak

jump repeatedly; knock or fillip repeatedly -POC *pitik-pitik

repeatedly -PMP *uliq uliq

shine, flash repeatedly -PMP *kila-kilat

to paddle repeatedly, paddle about -POC *pose pose

to pound repeatedly, crush -PPH *dukduk₂

to shake repeatedly -POC *kañul-kañul

wag, shake, move repeatedly from side to side -PAN *wiŋawiŋ

wind around repeatedly - *-bej(root)

winding, curving repeatedly -PWMP *liku-likuq

wrap around repeatedly, bind by wrapping; bundle of wrapped material -PAN *bejbej₁

repel

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak

replace

repay, replace; take revenge -POC *bali

to replace someone, fill a vacancy -PPH *pulih-an

to replace, substitute for; to return in kind something given or done -PWMP *ganti

replacement

replacement -PPH *puli

substitute, replacement -PPH *sulit₂

replenishment

replenishment, restoration - *(noise)

replete

complete, replete -PWMP *lekep₂

reply

answer, reply -PMP *saRut

reproduce

reproduce, multiply -PWMP *babaD

request

order, request -PPh *hi-bilín

order, request, command; message; something left for another -PWMP *bilin

request, petition - *(loan)

rescue

save, rescue -POC *saRop

save, rescue -PMP *saRep

to save, rescue -PPH *lig(e)tas

resemble

like, similar to, resemble -PMP *buat₂

resemble -PWMP *alaq₃

something that resembles a tail feather (?) -PWMP *lawi-lawi

resembling

to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains -PWMP *beRas-en

resent

resent, blame; resentment, jealousy -PAN *qijap

resentful

(lit. 'sick/hurt liver') resentful, offended -PMP *X₄ + qatay

jealous, resentful (?) -PWMP *qiRih-an

resentment

anger, resentment -PWMP *i(ŋ)git

anger, resentment - *-git(root)

resent, blame; resentment, jealousy -PAN *qijap

reserve

to hold back, keep in reserve -PWMP *taqan₂

reside

dwell, reside -PWMP *geneŋ

dwell, reside, live in a place -PAN *ian₂

loft in house where unmarried girls reside -PPH *pintuq

sit; stay or stop moving; reside -POC *nofo

to stay, dwell, reside -PWMP *um-ian

residence

abode, place of residence -PMP *tahan

place of residence -PWMP *ian-an

place of residence - *(noise)

village, place of residence - *(loan)

village; place of residence -PAN *taNaS

resident

child, offspring; son, daughter; brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking); young animal or plant; young; small (for its kind); dependent or component part of something larger; native, resident, inhabitant; interest on a loan -PMP *anak

flesh (of humans, animals, fruits, tubers); contents; blade of a knife; inhabitants, residents -PAN *isi₅

residential

hamlet; kin-based residential unit -PAN *kuan₁

residue

coconut residue - *(loan)

residue, dregs - *(loan)

solid residue left after squeezing to remove coconut oil, etc. -PPH *lunek₂

resilient

resilient, springing back when pressed down -PWMP *endut

resin

sap, resin, sticky secretion -PWMP *gateq

tree resin used in torches (?) -PAN *damaR₁

resinous

a tree, probablyDipterocarpus spp.; resinous substance obtained from this tree -PWMP *balaw₂

resist

able to resist or persist, as rice grains that are difficult to husk -PWMP *betaq₁

struggle against, resist -PWMP *sukul₁

resonance

dull resonance -PMP *re(ŋ)geŋ

resonant

deep resonant sound; name of a bird with deep resonant cry -PAN *ku(ŋ)kuŋ

harsh resonant sound -PWMP *raŋ

high-pitched sound of striking against something hard but not resonant -PMP *katik

resonant sound -PAN *tuRtuR

resound

resound - *(near)

to boom, resound -PAN *teguŋ

resounding

deep resounding sound -PAN-F *kaluŋkuŋ

deep resounding sound -PAN *guŋguŋ

deep resounding sound -PMP *buŋ

deep resounding sound -PPh *buŋbuŋ₂

deep resounding sound - *-Cuŋ(root)

deep resounding sound - *-guŋ (or *-guquŋ?)(root)

deep resounding sound - *-kuŋ₂(root)

deep resounding sound; slit-gong, hollowed tree trunk used to send messages -PAN *kuŋkuŋ₁

dull resounding sound -PMP *geŋ

dull resounding sound - *-beŋ₃(root)

dull resounding sound - *(noise)

hollow, resounding sound -PMP *keŋ₁

hollow, resounding sound -PAN *keŋkeŋ₁

hollow, resounding sound - *-keŋ₃(root)

loud resounding sound -PAN *baŋbaŋ₆

resounding noise -POC *rourou

resounding sound -PAN *kaŋkaŋ₂

resounding sound -PWMP *sa(ŋ)kuŋ₁

resounding sound -PAN *keRuŋ

small bird that produces a deep resounding call -PAN *kukuŋ₁

respect

object of respect; distinguished or respected person -PWMP *empu-an

respect, reverence -PPH *gálaŋ

respect, venerate -PWMP *qasi₁

title of respect -PMP *puaŋ

to show respect for someone -PPH *galaŋ-en

to show respect to -PPH *i-gálaŋ

what is honored, object of honor or respect -PWMP *paŋ-empu-an

respected

object of respect; distinguished or respected person -PWMP *empu-an

respectful

respectful, polite -PPH *ma-gálaŋ

respiration

to sob, choke, have broken respiration -PMP *sekuk

respond

exclamation to express surprise, call to a friend, respond to a distant call, etc. -PMP *huy

responsibility

to answer (a call, a question); to assume responsibility for, be answerable for -PPH *sagút

rest

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

come to rest in a definite place, settle down, as birds on a tree -PMP *tekas

lean or rest on -PAN *saŋeday

place where one rests the head: wooden headrest -PMP *qulun-an

quiet, still, at rest -PMP *qeneŋ

rest the foot on; touch or knock with the foot -PMP *sakil

rest the head on -PMP *qulun₂

rest the head on; wooden headrest -POC *quluŋ-an

sit, squat; come to rest; stay in a place; settle down, as birds on a tree -POC *toka₃

stop an activity, take a break, rest -PAN-F *Seked

to breathe; to rest, take a ‘breather’ -POC *mañawa

to lean or rest on -PMP *sanday

to rest the head against something; pillow -PPH *puŋan

to rest, take a break from work or other activity -PAN-F *Ceked

resting

in a resting position -PPH *lupasáy

restless

anxious, nervous, restless - *(near)

move about in restless anger -POC *ŋali-ŋali

restless -PWMP *gesaq

restless, fidgeting -PWMP *Resaq

restless, fidgety - *(loan)

restless, impatient, annoyed -PWMP *deŋut

restlessly

moving about rapidly or restlessly -PPH *kidas

restlessness

restlessness, wild or unruly movement -PPH *garáw

restoration

replenishment, restoration - *(noise)

restore

return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro -PMP *uliq₁

return something; restore -PWMP *maŋ-uliq

return, restore - *-liq(root)

restrain

impede, obstruct, restrain -PMP *qempeŋ

thwart, crosspiece, as one used to restrain person; lie athwart or across -PWMP *balagbag

restraining

restraining device on animals -PAN *sakal

to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered; restraining rope -PMP *Rapus

restriction

fetter, restriction -PWMP *letak₂

taboo, ritual restriction; purifying rite -PAN *paliSi

result

be afflicted with a swollen abdomen as a result of violating customary law. -PWMP *busuŋ

fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁

produce fruit; produce results -PPh *paŋ-búŋa

swollen, of the abdomen as a result of the violation of customary law -PWMP *ma-busuŋ

title, yield, results - *(loan)

yield, result - *(noise)

retaliate

cluster (b) == repay, return in kind; retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt) -PMP *baliw₄

retaliate, take revenge -PPH *beles

to answer, retaliate; reciprocate good or evil -PAN *bales₁

retaliation

revenge, retaliation - *(loan)

retching

sound of retching -PMP *uak₂

retention

hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention -POC *popol

hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention -PMP *belbel₂

retreat

retreat - *(noise)

retreat, fall back -PWMP *undur

retreat, move backward -PWMP *unduD

retreat, move backward - *(near)

retreat, move backwards -PPh *isul

to retreat, run from battle -PWMP *takaw₂

return

able to return -PPh *maka-uliq₂

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

accompany, escort; send, return -PAN *SateD

change, exchange; repeat, return; again -PPh *baliw-an

change, exchange; repeat, return; again -PMP *baliw₂

cluster (b) == repay, return in kind; retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt) -PMP *baliw₄

return -PCEMP *oliq, uliq

return -PAN *baliw₂

return - *(noise)

return home -POC *m-ule

return home -PMP *um-uliq

return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro -PMP *uliq₁

return something to someone -PMP *paka-uliq

return something; restore -PWMP *maŋ-uliq

return to its previous condition -PWMP *puliq

return, come back -PAN *wili

return, go back -PWMP *pulaŋ

return, go back -PAN *Cikel

return, restore - *-liq(root)

return, send back -PMP *pa-uliq

return; go back -PPh *maR-uliq

to replace, substitute for; to return in kind something given or done -PWMP *ganti

revenge

cluster (b) == repay, return in kind; retaliate, take revenge (hence: to equalize a loss or debt) -PMP *baliw₄

repay, replace; take revenge -POC *bali

retaliate, take revenge -PPH *beles

revenge, retaliation - *(loan)

reverberate

reverberate, of a sound -PMP *kauŋ

reverberating

deep reverberating sound -PMP *keRaŋ₁

reverberating sound - *-leŋ(root)

reverence

respect, reverence -PPH *gálaŋ

reverse

do wrong, do in reverse -PAN *suŋa

reverse, turn around -PMP *bali₅

reverse, turn around -PMP *balik₂

reverse, turn around -PPh *baliketád

reverse, turn over or around -PPh *balikid

to reverse, turn around -PAN *suli₂

to reverse, turn around -PMP *suliq

reversed

inverted, reversed, upside-down -PPH *tumbalik

revive

living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip

revived

be awakened, be revived -PWMP *baŋun-en

revolted

disgusted, revolted -PWMP *zizi

revolve

to revolve, twirl round -PPH *íkut₃

turn, revolve -PWMP *libet

turn, revolve -PMP *biliŋ

turn, revolve -PWMP *baliliŋ

turn, revolve, turn around - *-liŋ₃(root)

reward

compensation, reward -PMP *upaq

reward, pay -POC *taba₁

rhetorical

particle used to soften questions or turn statements into rhetorical questions -PPH *taq₂

rheumatic

arthritic or rheumatic pain -POC *ŋuŋul

arthritic or rheumatic pain -PMP *ŋulŋul₁

rhinoceros

rhinoceros - *(loan)

rhinoceros beetle

rhinoceros beetle - *(near)

Rhipidura

a bird, the fantail:Rhipidura sp. -POC *takere

Rhus

a plant:Rhus semialata -PAN-F *beRuS

a tree:Rhus taitensis -POC *tawasi

rhythmic

beat, pound; sound of rhythmic pounding -PMP *tugtug₂

sound of rhythmic pattering -PWMP *tepak-tepak

rib

rib (?) -PAN-F *baRaŋ

transverse beams that support the roof of a house; thwart or ribs of a boat -PMP *seŋkar

ribbon

anklet, ribbon worn around leg -PPh *bagiat

ribbon - *(loan)

ribbon, band - *(loan)

ribcage

ribcage -PAN *Rusuk

ribcage -PAN *tageRaŋ

rice

a bundle or sheaf, as of rice -PPH *betek₄

a sheaf or bundle of rice stalks -PPH *taq(e)nay

able to resist or persist, as rice grains that are difficult to husk -PWMP *betaq₁

basketlike container used to steam rice -PWMP *kuskus-an₂

be eaten by someone; cooked rice -PAN *kaen-en

boiled foods other than rice -PMP *t<in>anek

boiled foods other than rice? -PAN *t<in>aNek

boundary between adjacent rice fields -PAN-F *Naqeji

burnt rice which adheres to the pot -PWMP *etip

compressed in the fist; what is compressed in the fist, as a ball of rice -PWMP *kepel

container in which rice is stored -PAN *beRas-an

cooked rice -PMP *hemay

cooked rice -PAN *Semay

cooked rice? -PWMP *in-asi

crumbs of food, esp. rice -PPH *muhmuh

crumbs that drop when eating rice -PWMP *mukmuk

dessert made of rice -PPH *ibus₂

empty, of rice ears -PWMP *buqaw

fermented rice -PWMP *nasi

fermented rice -PWMP *asi₃

field hut in the rice fields -PMP *kubu

fish; accompaniment to rice -PPH *sedaq

giving off smoke or steam; to steam cook rice -PWMP *kukus

growth stage of rice - *(noise)

hard crust of rice that adheres to the bottom of the cooking pot -PPh *itíp

immature rice grain (?) -PWMP *ubek

infertile rice grain, husk without grain inside -PPH *lupes

insect destructive to rice -PWMP *zaŋaw

large jar used to store rice wine -PWMP *tapay-an

make rice wine (?) -PWMP *maŋ-asi

malodorous insect that damages rice plants -PWMP *tanaŋaw

non-staple food eaten with rice -PPH *siraq₂

overcooked until mushy, as rice or vegetables -PPH *lusa₂

packet of cooked rice - *(loan)

paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field -PAN *baŋaw

popped rice -PWMP *Retiq

popped rice -PWMP *retiq

popped rice, roasted rice -PWMP *beRtiq

pound rice in tandem -PPh *maR-qasúd

pound rice in tandem -PPh *qasúd

pounded rice -PPh *b<in>eRas

protein side-dish eaten with rice (typically fish) -PPh *sidáq

rice barn, granary -PMP *lumbuŋ₂

rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PMP *beRas

rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PAN *beRas

rice bird, small bird found in rice fields -PPH *máya

rice cake -PPH *súman

rice cake - *(loan)

rice delicacy - *(loan)

rice field -PPh *ka-hemay-an

rice flour -PPH *tapuŋ

rice gruel; rice porridge; to mix - *-buR₁(root)

rice husk -PWMP *padek

rice husk, chaff -PWMP *qepah

rice husk, rice bran -PMP *qeta

rice husk, rice bran -PAN *qeCah

rice in the field; rice plant -PAN *pajay

rice mortar -PMP *lusuŋ

rice mortar -PMP *lesuŋ

rice mortar -PMP *lusuŋ

rice mortar -PAN *Nusuŋ

rice mortar -PMP *esuŋ

rice or sago cake (used as an offering?) -PWMP *tumpiq

rice panicle -PPh *quhay

rice pestle -PWMP *lalu₂

rice pestle -PWMP *laq(e)lu

rice pestle -PMP *balu₂

rice pestle -PMP *anak i lesuŋ

rice porridge -PPH *l<in>ugaw

rice porridge -PPH *lúgaw

rice porridge -PPh *b<in>uRbuR

rice porridge, rice gruel -PMP *buRbuR₁

rice seedling -PMP *bunubun

rice seedling -PAN *bunabun

rice straw -PWMP *gaRami

rice straw -PAN *zaRami

rice straw; flute made from a rice stalk -PMP *zaRami

rice variety -PPH *guyud₂

rice variety -PPh *ípun₃

rice variety -PPh *wagwág₁

rice variety (?) -PWMP *candur

rice wine -PWMP *paŋasih

rice wine; yeast; fermented rice; fermented rice cake -PWMP *tapay

roasted rice, popped rice -PPh *butíq

second pounding of rice -PPH *deR(e)qas

seed rice -PWMP *benehiq

seed-bed for rice -PWMP *paR-binehiq-an

sheaf to which rice grains are attached -PPh *quhut

sickle; to harvest rice with a sickle -PPH *gápas

sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl -PMP *hiRup

sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl -PAN *SiRup

small hand knife for harvesting rice -PPH *yátab

soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant -PMP *sumaŋed

soul of the rice plant -PMP *sumaŋet nu pajay

sow rice -PWMP *maŋ-binehiq

spicy condiment side dish with rice - *(loan)

sticky confection made of rice and coconut -PWMP *kalamay

sticky rice cake -PMP *pusuq₂

sticky rice cake -PAN-F *qemu

swell up, as boiling rice; boil over -PMP *luab

thresh with the feet, as rice -PAN *qiRik

to cook anything but rice -PMP *t<um>anek

to cook anything but rice -PAN *t<um>aNek

to cook anything but rice -PAN *taNek

to cook in water, cook rice -PMP *zakan

to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains -PWMP *beRas-en

to make holes in sacks of rice, etc., as chickens or rats do -PPH *butbut₃

to make into gruel, rice porridge -PPH *lugaw-en

to pound rice -PWMP *la(m)buk

to pound rice -PAN *bayu

to pound, as rice -PWMP *tebuk₁

to wash rice or plants preparatory to cooking -PPH *unab

tubular basket used to carry and store rice or sago -PWMP *basuŋ

type of finch, rice bird -PWMP *apiRit

type of finch, rice bird -PWMP *ampeRij

type of rice -PPH *mímis₂

unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains -PWMP *ataq

weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice; dust produced by the boring of this insect; tooth decay, dental caries -PMP *bukbuk₃

wooden rice mortar -PAN *iŋsuŋ

wrapped packet of cooked rice -PWMP *lepet₃

rice bird

rice bird - *(near)

rice bug

rice bug - *(near)

rice cake

rice cake - *(loan)

rice confection

rice confection - *(loan)

ricefield

irrigated ricefield? -PWMP *sabaq

rich

to cook fish in a rich, spicy sauce -PWMP *paŋat

Ricinis

the castor oil plant:Ricinis communis -PWMP *taŋan-taŋan

Ricinus

castor bean:Ricinus communis L. -PAN *katawa

the castor bean plant:Ricinus communis L. -PPH *katana

ride

carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back -PMP *baba₁

carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back -PAN *baba₁

catch a ride, join a group, ride on something -PMP *sakay₁

take passage, catch a ride in someone else’s boat -PWMP *tumpaŋ₂

to be jolted or knocked around on a rough ride -PPH *tagtag

to ride together with someone else, ride tandem -PPH *aŋkás

ridge

edge, ridge - *(noise)

mountain ridge -PPH *taytáy

ridge of the roof -PMP *ubuŋ

ridge of the roof -POC *pupuŋan

ridge of the roof - *-buŋ(root)

ridge of the roof; ridge of a mountain, peak; deck of a boat; cover the ridgepole with thatch -PMP *bubuŋ₁

roof; ridge of the roof -PMP *bubuŋ-en

roof; ridge of the roof -PMP *bubuŋ-an

ridgepole

log or bamboo ridgepole cover -PWMP *kulub₁

place where ridgepole covering has been attached -PWMP *b<in>ubuŋ-an

ridge of the roof; ridge of a mountain, peak; deck of a boat; cover the ridgepole with thatch -PMP *bubuŋ₁

ridicule

mock, ridicule -PWMP *ulug

ridicule, derision - *(loan)

to mock, ridicule, jeer at -PPH *uyaw-en

to mock, ridicule, jeer at -PPH *uyaw

riding

vehicle for riding -PWMP *sakay-an

rifle

butt of a rifle - *(loan)

gun, rifle - *(loan)

right

appropriate, suitable, right; fit together; hit the mark -PAN *tama₁

be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true -PAN *keNa

go right through, penetrate through and through -PWMP *terus

right (side, hand, direction) -PAN *ka-wanaN

right (side, hand, direction) -PMP *wanan

right (side, hand, direction) -PAN *wanaN

right (side, hand, direction) -PMP *wanan

right (side, hand, direction) -PAN *waNan

right correct - *(loan)

right hand, right side -PMP *ka-taqu₂

right side -PMP *ma-wanan

right side -PMP *tuqu₁

right side -PMP *ma-taqu₂

right side -PMP *taqu₁

righteous

straight; correct, proper; righteous -POC *tonuq

true, righteous, honest -PMP *bener

righteousness

truth, righteousness, honesty -PWMP *ka-bener-an

rigid

stiff, rigid; cramps - *-kaŋ₃(root)

rigor

cramps, stiffening of the limbs, rigor mortis -PMP *kaŋkaŋ₃

rim

edge, rim - *(loan)

edge, rim, flat container - *(noise)

rim used to fortify (as on a basket) -PWMP *biŋkay

rim, edge - *-bir(root)

rim, edge, border -PWMP *su(m)bir

rim, edge, border -PMP *birbir₁

rind

bark, rind, sheath; to peel off bark -PWMP *upak₁

peeling, rind - *(noise)

rind or peeling - *(noise)

rind, peeling of fruits or tubers -PAN *kuliC

skin; hide; rind; bark -PMP *kulit

ring

cut off, sever; ring a tree -PWMP *geleŋ

encircle tigthly; band or ring around something -PWMP *selut

ring - *(loan)

shrill buzz or hum; ring - *-ŋiŋ(root)

to ring - *-Riŋ(root)

to ring, buzz, etc. -PWMP *deRiŋ

to ring, make a ringing sound -POC *titiŋ

to ring, of a small bell -PPH *kuliliŋ₂

ringing

clear ringing sound - *-kiŋ(root)

clear ringing sound - *-liŋ₁(root)

clear ringing sound - *-tiŋ(root)

ringing of a bell -PPH *kililíŋ

ringing of a bell -PPH *kilíŋ₁

ringing sound -PMP *tiŋ

ringing sound -PWMP *tiliŋ

ringing sound -PMP *kiŋ

ringing sound -PAN *kiŋkiŋ₁

ringing sound -PAN *giRiŋ

ringing sound, as of a bell -PPH *batiŋtiŋ

sound of ringing -PMP *liŋ₁

to ring, make a ringing sound -POC *titiŋ

ringworm

a skin disease: ringworm -POC *lapa₂

have ringworm -PPh *ma-buqeni

ringworm -POC *karak₂

ringworm -PAN *kurap

ringworm:Tinea imbricata -POC *puni₃

ringworm:Tinea imbricata -PMP *buqeni

rinse

gargle, rinse the mouth -PWMP *kali-muRmuR

gargle, rinse the mouth -PMP *kumuR

gargle, rinse the mouth -PAN *muRmuR

gargle, rinse the mouth - *-muR(root)

rinse the mouth -PAN-F *timuRmuR

rinse the mouth, gargle -PCEMP *pupuR

rinse wash off - *(noise)

rinse, rinse off -PPh *bal(e)ñáw

rinse, wash -PAN *ñawñaw

shake something, rinse clothes by shaking in clear water -PPh *waswás₁

to rinse -PAN *rawraw

to rinse, wash -POC *puqi

wash, bathe, rinse - *-ñaw(root)

wash, rinse -PMP *hawhaw

wash, rinse -PAN *SawSaw

wash, rinse off -PWMP *mam-bañaw

rip

a tear, small hole, or rip -PPH *punit

rip or tear open -PMP *tetas

sever, cut through, rip out stitches -PAN *tastas

sever, rip, cut through; short cut - *-tas(root)

split, rip open -PPh *busiq

tear or rip off - *-pas(root)

tear, rip -PWMP *sitsit

tear, rip -PMP *bitas

tear, rip - *-tes(root)

tear, rip - *(noise)

tear, rip open (as cloth or stitches), snap (as string) -PMP *be(R)tas

tear, rip open, cut open -POC *potas

to rip out stitches -PWMP *ma-nastas

to rip, tear, shred -PWMP *testes

to tear, rip -PMP *birit₁

to tear, rip -PAN *biriC

to tear, rip (as cloth) -PPH *litas

ripe

coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened -POC *kulu₂

cooked, ripe -PWMP *ma-lutuq

cooked, ripe -POC *maosak

cooked, ripe -PMP *ma-esak

cooked, ripe -PMP *esak

ripe -POC *madrar

ripe -PMP *tasak

ripe -PAN *luem

ripe coconut -PWMP *buntan

ripe, cooked -PEMP *masak

ripe, cooked -PMP *ma-hasak

ripe, cooked -PMP *ma-tasak

ripe, overripe -PCEMP *madar

ripe, ripen, of fruit; reach a ‘ripe’ stage, of a head cold, a boil, etc. -PPH *hinuR

ripe; cooked -PAN *ma-Sasak

ripe; cooked -PMP *hasak

ripe; cooked -PAN *Sasak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PEMP *ma-qosak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PMP *ma-qesak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PAN *qesak

use while still ripe -PWMP *maŋ-hataq

ripen

ripe, ripen, of fruit; reach a ‘ripe’ stage, of a head cold, a boil, etc. -PPH *hinuR

to ripen -PPH *ma-hinuR

ripen fruit

ripen fruit - *(loan)

ripping

sound of ripping, etc. - *-riC₁(root)

sound of ripping, gnawing, etc. -PAN *geriC

ripples

ripples on water -POC *ruru₂

rise

hummock, small rise of land -PPH *taluktuk

rise (of smoke) - *(noise)

rise and fall like the swells at sea -PWMP *humbak-humbak

rise to the surface of water -PWMP *ubal

rise, climb up -PAN *sakat

to ascend, rise up -POC *sake

to climb, ascend, rise up -PMP *sakay₄

to rise, of the sun, moon or stars -PPH *sebaŋ

rising

radiance, as of rising sun -PMP *banaqaR

rising of smoke or steam -PWMP *kuskus₁

rising to a point - *(noise)

sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc. -PPH *sikát

to evaporate, as vapor rising from the ground after rain -PPH *suŋáw

to wake up early, be early in rising -PPH *lukag

rite

taboo, ritual restriction; purifying rite -PAN *paliSi

ritual

curing ritual conducted by a medium in trance -PWMP *dawak

incense, ritual smoke -PWMP *asep

ritual - *(noise)

ritual for calling back the soul (?) -PPH *lawit₂

ritual shout(?) -PWMP *pekaw

shaman in ritual transvestite attire -PWMP *asug

taboo, ritual restriction; purifying rite -PAN *paliSi

ritually

defiled, ritually polluted, ceremonially unclean - *(loan)

purify ritually, exorcise -PWMP *lukat₁

ritually sacrificed monkey? -PAN-F *uŋay

river

a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah

bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum -PAN *paheku

cross a river -PWMP *etes₂

current, deep channel in the middle of a river -PMP *qaluR₂

current, deep channel in the middle of a river -PAN *qaluR₁

deep place in a river -PMP *liku₁

deep place in river; pool of water left when a stream dries up -PPH *lib(e)túŋ

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

estuary, mouth of a river -PMP *naŋa₁

estuary, shore near the mouth of a river -PMP *sabaŋ₁

eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata

ford a river, cross to the other side (of a river, street, etc.) -PPH *dákit

fresh water; stream, river -PMP *wahiR

headwaters of a river -PMP *qulu ni wahiR

large catfish that lives in river estuaries: genusArius -PWMP *tambaŋuŋu

lower part of a river; tidal bore -PMP *bena

mouth of a river -PPh *wáqwaq

mouth of a river, estuary -PMP *minaŋa

mouth of a river, estuary -PCEMP *naŋa₃

mouth of a river, estuary -PMP *binaŋa

river - *(near)

river channel -PAN *iluR₂

river otter -PAN-F *Sanaq

rushing of water in a river -PWMP *awer

sandbank, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR

sandbar, shoal in river or sea -PWMP *pasiR-an

sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon -PMP *namaw

small river fish -PWMP *palaw

soft-shelled river turtle -PWMP *labi-labi

spring of water, source of a river -POC *mata ni waiR

spring of water, source of a river -PMP *mata nu wahiR

stream, river -PAN *sapaq₁

tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PEMP *ipun₁

tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PMP *hipun₁

to go upstream, ascend a river -PPH *súbaq

to overflow its banks, of a river; to flood field (for planting) -PPH *layas₂

to overflow, flood, of a river -PPH *laq(e)nab

transport someone across a river (?) -PWMP *dapit

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

upstream part of a river -PWMP *udahik

wash clothes by pounding on river rocks -PPH *piqpiq

riverbank

riverbank -PPh *ka-paŋpaŋ-an

river mouth

estuary, river mouth - *(loan)

river otter

river otter - *(near)

road

middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road; guide who shows the way -PMP *mata nu zalan

path, road, way -POC *jalan

roam

roam about -PWMP *ansaw

roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered -PMP *lambeR

roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered -PAN *labeR₂

roar

groan, moan, roar -PWMP *qereŋ

groan, moan, roar, growl -PMP *heReŋ

groan, roar -POC *uRuŋ

low guttural or rumbling sound; snore, roar -PWMP *eŋker

roar -PWMP *heRuŋ

roar of a current, crashing waves, etc.; moan, groan (as in pain or when near death) -PMP *huRuŋ

roar, moan -PWMP *quRuŋ

roar, rumble - *-Ruŋ (or *-Ruquŋ?)(root)

roar, shout -POC *oRoŋ

to groan, moan, roar -PWMP *maŋ-heReŋ

roaring

roaring sound -POC *roRoŋ

sound of groaning, moaning, roaring, etc. -PMP *deReŋ

thunder; roaring or thunderous sound -PAN *deŋdeŋ₂

roast

bake or roast in an earth oven -POC *qumun-a

roast food over a fire -POC *tunu tunu

roast food over a fire -PMP *tunu

roast food over a fire -PAN *CuNuh

roast in hot ashes -PWMP *benem₁

roast over a fire, toast -PWMP *paŋgaŋ

to roast -PWMP *maR-tunuh

to roast -PMP *ma-nunuh

to roast -PAN *tunuh-an

to roast -PAN *CuNuh-an

to roast (intr.) -PMP *t<um>unuh

to roast (intr.) -PAN *C<um>uNuh

to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn -PPH *pásuq

to roast, burn -POC *mwaRi

to roast; singe, cauterize -PPH *pasúq-en

to stir-fry, dry roast -PWMP *ma-naŋelaR

roasted

be roasted (by someone) -PMP *t<in>unuh

be roasted (by someone) -PAN *C<in>uNuh

be roasted by someone -PPh *tunuh-en

food that is dry roasted -PMP *s<in>aŋelaR

popped rice, roasted rice -PWMP *beRtiq

roasted -PAN *ma-tunuh

roasted -PAN *ma-CuNuh

roasted rice, popped rice -PPh *butíq

what is stir-fried or roasted in a pan without oil -PWMP *saŋelaR-en

roasting

skewer, spit for roasting -PMP *tuduk

roast pig

roast pig - *(loan)

rob

rob, plunder -PWMP *Rampas

snatch, seize, rob -POC *paqaRok

snatch, seize, rob -POC *paRo₂

snatch, take away by force, rob -PAN *qaRaw

steal or rob -POC *tako

to plunder, rob -PMP *raŋ(e)pas

robber

bandit, robber, thief - *(loan)

robe

robe, long garment -PPH *lambuŋ

rock

a cleft, space between two rocks -PEMP *mawa

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod -PWMP *kurapu

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu

broad, flat rock shaped like a plank -PWMP *batu papan

crab taxon, probably a rock crab (Grapsidae) -POC *kape₂

rock cod, grouper -POC *kalika

rock cod, grouper sp. -POC *kawa-kawa

rock or hover back and forth -PWMP *kindaŋ-kindaŋ

rock shelter, cave under a rock -PAN-F *Nihib

shake, sway, rock -PWMP *huyaŋ

shake, tremble, rock -PCEMP *nini

shake, tremble, rock -PMP *ninih

slippery, as wet rocks by the shore -POC *madrali

submerged rock or coral reef -POC *mwaloq

swing, sway, rock -PMP *ayuŋ₂

the Formosan rock monkey:Macaca cyclopis -PAN *luCuŋ

to pile up earth or rocks, heap up so as to obstruct -PWMP *t<um>ambak

to turn over, to dig by turning over, as rocks -POC *kili

turn over, rock back and forth, swing -POC *pui pui

turn over, rock back and forth, swing -POC *pui₂

wash clothes by pounding on river rocks -PPH *piqpiq

rocky

rocky, stony -PWMP *ma-batu

roe

be laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean -PAN *piRaS-an

be laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean -PMP *piRah-an

fish eggs, roe -PPh *bujiq

fish eggs, roe -PWMP *bihed

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -POC *biRa

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -PMP *piRah

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -PAN *piRaS

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -POC *piRa₁

roe, fish eggs -PAN *biRaS

roiled

murky, roiled, of water -PPH *libeg

roll

crush, roll over -PWMP *li(ŋ)gis

crush, roll over -PWMP *li(n)dis

ear plug, roll of leaves, etc. inserted through pierced ear -PWMP *subeŋ

lift up the clothes, roll up the pant legs (as when crossing shallow water) -PPH *lesles₁

roll into balls - *(noise)

roll of leaves or cloth -PWMP *ampin

roll of thunder -PWMP *deRu

roll or crumple up -PMP *lukut

roll or wrap something up -PWMP *balut₂

roll together into a ball - *(noise)

roll up a leaf, as a tobacco leaf -PPH *tustus

roll up, curl up tightly -PAN-F *kuCkuC

roll, curl up -PMP *lekes

to roll -POC *piliŋ

to roll down or over something -PPH *pulin

to roll on the ground, wallow -POC *bu(lR)i

to roll over and over -PWMP *ligid

to roll up -PCMP *lunu₁

to roll up -PWMP *lulun-en

to roll up sleeves or pant legs -PPH *lislís

to roll up, as a mat -PMP *lulun

to roll up, as a mat -PAN *luluN

to roll, roll over -POC *puri

to turn, roll over; grind up -PWMP *g<um>iliŋ

turn over, roll over; transform; upside down -POC *buliŋ

wind around, roll up -PWMP *letlet

roller

rollers for beaching a canoe -POC *luŋan

rollers for beaching a canoe -POC *laŋon

rollers for beaching a canoe -PMP *laŋen₁

to turn, rotate; to grind with a stone roller -PWMP *maŋ-giliŋ

rolling

a person who turns or grinds something; an instrument used for rolling or grinding -PWMP *paŋ-giliŋ

distant rolling thunder -PAN *deRuŋ₁

fall and continue rolling downhill -PPH *pulij

long rolling wave, swell, billow -PMP *qalun

to grind, as by rolling over -PMP *giliŋ

roll with fingers

roll with fingers - *(near)

roof

bamboo cross-lath used to hold down roof thatch -PWMP *belit₁

borderline, edge, as of roof or garment -PPH *sanipa

ditch, rain channel caused by water dripping from a house roof -PWMP *paspas₃

flat roof - *(noise)

have a roof -PWMP *maR-qatep

ridge of the roof -PMP *ubuŋ

ridge of the roof -POC *pupuŋan

ridge of the roof - *-buŋ(root)

ridge of the roof; ridge of a mountain, peak; deck of a boat; cover the ridgepole with thatch -PMP *bubuŋ₁

roof covering - *(noise)

roof, thatch -POC *qatop

roof, thatch -PMP *qatep

roof; ridge of the roof -PMP *bubuŋ-en

roof; ridge of the roof -PMP *bubuŋ-an

sound of rain on roof -PPH *taRiktík

to leak, as a roof -PWMP *ma-nuduq

to leak, drip, as a leaky roof; a drop of water -PAN *tuduq

to thatch a roof, put thatch on a house -PWMP *maŋ-qatep

transverse beams that support the roof of a house -POC *sokar

transverse beams that support the roof of a house; thwart or ribs of a boat -PMP *seŋkar

what is used to roof -PWMP *paŋ-qatep

roofed

be thatched, be roofed -PWMP *q<in>atep

roofing

cut or collect palm leaves for roofing -PMP *sasah

pinch, press between; fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house -PMP *kapit

room

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

room -PMP *bilik

spacious room or area -PWMP *Ruqaŋ-an

to move aside; make room for, as by moving a little -PPH *denden

roomy

loose sparse roomy - *(noise)

outside; outside area; spacious, roomy -PMP *luas₁

roost

to roost, of chickens; time of roosting -PPh *hápun

rooster

cock, rooster -PMP *laluŋ

cock, rooster; male bird or chicken - *(loan)

crowing of a rooster -PPH *taraquk

feathers under chin of rooster, chin whiskers -PWMP *bauk

long tail feathers of bird or rooster -PMP *lawi₁

rooster - *(loan)

rooster, cock -PPH *kawitan

strut as rooster around hen - *(near)

to crow, of a rooster -PPH *tuRauk

to crow, of a rooster -PPH *taRaquk

wild chicken; rooster -PPH *labúyuq

roosting

perch, roosting place for chickens -PPH *hapun-an

to roost, of chickens; time of roosting -PPh *hápun

root

a plant with root used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PWMP *tub(e)liq

a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah

a tree with roots that furnish a red dye:Morinda citrifolia -POC *gurat

aerial root - *(loan)

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root -PMP *uRat

buttress root -POC *ralic

buttress root -PWMP *daliŋ

buttress root -PMP *dalij

buttress root -PPH *dalig

fibrous roots, as of grass -PMP *Ramut₁

kind of root -PCEMP *wakir

lift up with a lever, lever up, root up -PMP *suaR₁

mangrove root -PMP *wakat

mangrove root (?) -PWMP *waket

pull up, root up -PMP *abut₁

root -PAN-F *RamiS

root -PAN-F *RameC

root -PEMP *wakaR-i

root -POC *wakaR-a

root -PMP *wakaR

root -PWMP *lakat₁

root -PMP *akaR

root plant in the ginger family -PWMP *temu₃

root up the ground, of a pig; uproot -PMP *sual

root up, lever up -PMP *suat₂

to plant root crops, plant cuttings -PPH *lubaŋ₂

to take root, grow roots -PWMP *maka-Ramut

tree with inedible white fruit and root that yields a useful dye:Morinda citrifolia L. -POC *ñoñu

tree with white fruit and roots that yield a useful dye:Morinda citrifolia -PCEMP *ñəñu

tree with white fruit and roots that yield a useful dye:Morinda citrifolia -PWMP *baŋkudu

uproot, pull out by the roots -POC *Raput

uproot, pull out by the roots -PMP *Rabut

uproot, pull out by the roots -PAN *RabuC

visible tree roots above the ground -PWMP *paŋkal

was poisoned byDerris root -PWMP *t<in>uba

rooted

pull out something rooted in soft matter, as flesh -PWMP *raq(e)but

rope

a strand, as of rope -PWMP *idas₂

break under tension, as a rope -PMP *utus₁

broken piece of rope or string -PWMP *butes

coil around, wrap with rope -PWMP *libej

fasten with a rope -POC *sau(rR)

intertwine, braid, as strands to make rope -PPH *labid

lower or let down, as on a rope -PAN *SuluR

lower or let down, as on a rope; pay out fishline; launch a boat -PMP *huluR

lower something, pay out rope -PWMP *maŋ-huluR

made of three parts, as triple-strand rope -PPH *t<in>elu

make a rope or string, make something into rope or string -PWMP *ma-nalih

material used to make rope -PWMP *pa-nalih

node (as in bamboo or sugarcane); joint; knuckle; knot in wood; knot in string or rope -PMP *bukuh

node (as in bamboo or sugarcane); joint; knuckle; knot in wood; knot in string or rope; Mons veneris -POC *buku

node (as in bamboo or sugarcane); joint; knuckle; knot in wood; knot in string or rope; Mons veneris -PCEMP *buku

pay out a rope -PWMP *lu(m)baR

rope, cord, twine, string -PMP *talih

rope, cord, twine, string -PAN *CaliS

rope, string, cord -POC *tali₁

snap, break, as a rope under tension -PMP *butus

string, rope, cordage made by twining fibers -PPH *lúbid

tail; end of something long, as a rope; tip of a leaf -POC *siku

thick, heavy rope -PWMP *kalat

to be manufactured, of string or rope -PWMP *talih-en

to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered; restraining rope -PMP *Rapus

to come apart, as the fibers of a rope -PPH *basbas₅

to lower, let something down, as with a rope -PPH *tuntún

to pay out a rope -PWMP *lumbaR

to tie up, tighten a rope -PPH *higút

to tie with rope, fasten with rope -PAN *C<um>aliS

to twist into rope (?) -PMP *t<um>alih

to twist together, make rope -PWMP *quntay₂

twine together, as strands of rope -PWMP *pa-talih

twist together rope out of three strands -PWMP *ma-nelu

was made into rope; what was made into rope -PMP *t<in>alih

was made into rope; what was made into rope -PAN *C<in>aliS

wear out through overuse, as fabric or a rope -PPH *rúnut

roratus

male Eclectus Parrot:Eclectus roratus -POC *kaRa

rose-myrtle

rose-myrtle - *(near)

rot

dry rot in wood -PMP *rebuk

over-ripe, beginning to rot -PPH *tupúk

rot; rotten -POC *popok

to rot, spoil, become rancid -PPH *laŋeg

rotate

to rotate, turn around (of an object) -PPH *baliweswes

to turn, rotate; to grind with a stone roller -PWMP *maŋ-giliŋ

turn round, rotate -PMP *puliŋ₁

turn, rotate -PWMP *liget

turn, rotate -PMP *ileŋ

rotten

decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood) -PMP *lapuk

decayed, rotten, putrid; stinking -PMP *busuk

rot; rotten -POC *popok

rotten -POC *pusa₂

rotten - *(noise)

rotten meat; addled eggs; bad character -PAN *buRuk

rotten smell, stench -PAN *baŋ(e)qeR₁

rotten smell, stench (as of stagnant water) -PMP *baŋ(e)qeR₂

rotten to brittleness, of wood -PMP *reput

rotten, as meat; addled, as eggs; bad, of character -PMP *ma-buRuk

rotten, crumbling -PWMP *Rapuq₁

rotten, crumbling, pulverized - *-bek₂(root)

rotten, spoilt -PWMP *bucek

rotten, stinking -POC *mabusuk

rotten, stinking -PPh *buyúk

rotten, turned rancid or mildewed -PPH *tag(e)bák

to have become rotten -PAN *b<in>uRuk

rough

rough, of a turbulent sea -POC *ñoro

to be jolted or knocked around on a rough ride -PPH *tagtag

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough -PMP *garaŋ-gasaŋ

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough -PMP *garaŋ₂

round

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PMP *kanawah

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PAN *kaNawaS

circle round, circumvent -PMP *liu₂

kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth -POC *buŋa₃

open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes -PWMP *maŋ-bulat

open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes -POC *bulat₂

open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes -PMP *bulat₁

round -PMP *bunteR

round - *(loan)

round (holes) - *(noise)

round about, around, in one’s surroundings; go around -PMP *kuliliŋ

round dance - *(noise)

round object; young coconut -POC *poku

round stone (?) -PMP *buaq na batu

round, spherical; rounded -PWMP *buled₂

spiral or circle round -PWMP *baliŋ baliŋ

to complete, make full, round out -PWMP *pa-genep

to revolve, twirl round -PPH *íkut₃

turn round, rotate -PMP *puliŋ₁

twine round and round; thing made by braiding -POC *piri-piri

rounded

round, spherical; rounded -PWMP *buled₂

small heap, rounded mass -PWMP *tumpuk

roundish

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

round-tailed

tailless (of birds or fowls), round-tailed (of fowls) -PWMP *tukuŋ

roundworm

roundworm, ascaris, intestinal worm; also earthworm? -PMP *bulati

rouse

to wake up, rouse someone from sleep -POC *paŋun

wake someone, rouse someone from sleep; erect something, put something in an upright position -PMP *baŋun₂

row

file, line, row - *(loan)

oar; to row a boat -PPH *gáqud

row - *(loan)

row - *(noise)

row, line - *(loan)

stack up; in a row, lined up; to order, arrange -PCEMP *qatuR₂

Roxb

a tree:Acalypha amentacea Roxb. -PPH *beRus

rub

rub (it), wipe (it) -POC *usuq-a

rub against, scrape, scratch -PMP *garut

rub on -POC *bubu₅

rub something off -PPH *gidgíd

rub two things together, create friction, as sticks to make fire, or the hands -PMP *kusu₁

rub, abrade -PMP *gasgas

rub, massage -PPh *hap(e)rus

rub, massage -PPh *hapRus

rub, scour - *(noise)

rub, scour, scrub -PMP *isut₂

rub, scrape against -PAN *gisgis₁

rub, scrub - *(noise)

rub, wipe -PMP *usuq

scrape or rub off -PPh *hírud

scrape, rub -PWMP *rudrud

scrape, rub against -PWMP *saRud

sharpen, rub, grate -PEMP *asaq

to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line -PMP *garis

to grate, scour, rub hard on something -PPH *ŋusŋús

to paint; smear or rub on -POC *wali₁

to rub -POC *kunji

to rub against, scrape, scratch -PMP *g<um>arut

to rub hard on a surface -PAN *qiSqiS

to rub the eyes -PAN *ledled

to rub vigorously, scour -PPH *RasRas

to rub, rub together -PPH *desdes

to scrape, scratch, rub -PAN *gusgus

to touch someone lightly, rub the back -PPH *ap(e)rus

to wipe, rub, scrub -PPH *nisnís

rubbery

tough, rubbery, elastic -PPH *kúñat

rubbish

rubbish - *(noise)

rubbish - *(noise)

rubiginosa

a plant with toxic properties,Erioglossum edule orLepisanthes rubiginosa -PWMP *kalayu

Rubus

the Japanese raspberry:Rubus parvifolius (Linn.),Rubus taiwanianus (Matsum.) -PAN *RiNuk

rudder

rear part, stern or rudder of a boat -PMP *kama-udehi

rudder - *(loan)

rudder; steer (a boat) -PMP *quliŋ

rudder; steer (a boat) -PMP *qulin

rudderfish

a sea fish, the rudderfish:Kyphosus cinerascens -PPH *hilek

rude

bold, rude; brave -PPH *tapaŋ₂

ruin

collapse, fall into ruin -PWMP *rebas

to destroy, ruin -PPH *bagbág

rule-governed

orderly rule-governed - *(noise)

rumble

low rumble - *(noise)

purr, rumble - *-gur(root)

roar, rumble - *-Ruŋ (or *-Ruquŋ?)(root)

rumbling

deep rumbling sound; thunder -POC *guRuŋ

low guttural or rumbling sound; snore, roar -PWMP *eŋker

rumbling or low murmuring sound -PWMP *geRuŋ

rumbling sound -PWMP *erut

ruminant

kind of wild ruminant -PWMP *tamadaw

large ruminant species -PAN *qiNuaŋ

large ruminant species: carabao, water buffalo (?) -PMP *qanuaŋ

large ruminant species: carabao, water buffalo (?) -PAN *qaNuaŋ

rumor

gust, draft, current of air; rumor -PMP *haŋin-haŋin

rumphii

a cycad:Cycas rumphii -PMP *patuRu

Rumphii

fan palm:Licuala Rumphii -POC *piRu

fan palm:Licuala Rumphii -PMP *biRu

run

attack, run amuck -PMP *hamuk

for water to run downhill, as in artificial irrigation on terraced hillsides -PPH *bawaŋ₂

run amuck -POC *lilim

run away, flee; flight, escape; fugitive -PMP *pa-laRiw

run out, come to an end, of supplies; be poor -PMP *kabus₁

run, run away, flee -PAN *ma-laRiw

run, run away, flee, escape -PAN *laRiw

to flow, run, of water -POC *tape₁

to retreat, run from battle -PWMP *takaw₂

to run -PPH *taray

to run aground, be beached -PPH *s<um>aŋ(e)lád

to run aground, be beached, of a boat -PPH *saŋ(e)lád

to run out of supplies, lack something needed -PPH *kapus

to seize property and run off with it; to elope with a single woman -PPH *taŋaR

run across

meet, run across, welcome - *(loan)

rung

rung of a ladder; runged ladder -PMP *taŋga₁

runged ladder; rung of a ladder -PWMP *tukad₁

step or rung of a ladder -PWMP *anak i haRezan

runged

rung of a ladder; runged ladder -PMP *taŋga₁

runged ladder; rung of a ladder -PWMP *tukad₁

runner

a fish, the rainbow runner:Elagatis bipinnulata -POC *kamaRi

running

a race, running competition -PWMP *lumbeq

have a running sore -PWMP *biRiŋ-en

running sore -PWMP *biRiŋ₂

running, running away, flight -PWMP *pa-laRiw-an

snatch with the mouth, as a dog seizing something in its mouth and running away with it -PPH *sak(e)mál

runny

a cold; nasal mucus, runny nose -PPH *sip(e)qun

ruse

trick, ruse, scheme, wits - *(loan)

rush

kind of grass or rush -PWMP *sedsed₁

rush forward, charge -PPH *sugud

to rush forward -PPH *s<um>ugud

to rush, hurry -PPH *sambut₃

rushing

flow through a small opening, of rushing water -PPh *bug(e)ris

rushing of water in a river -PWMP *awer

rushing of water; rapids, cascade -PPH *dalágan

sound of rushing water or air -PPh *híŋak

rust

rust -PWMP *karat₁

rust; hematite -PAN-F *diNaŋ

rustling

dull rustling sound -PPH *kaRuskus

light rustling sound -PWMP *risris

rustling or swishing sound -PWMP *sik

rustling sound -PPH *kaRaskas

rustling sound -PWMP *rusrus₁

rustling sound - *-ris₁(root)

rustling sound - *-rus₁(root)

rustling sound, as of leaves in wind -PWMP *kerus₂