Updated: 6/21/2020
| Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Finderlist
1 2 3 6 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
pace to speed up, increase the pace of something -PPH *paspas-an₂ Pachycephala a bird, the Golden Whistler,Pachycephala spp. -POC *sau Pacific shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover -POC *kiwiwi pack pack in tightly -PMP *pedet pack in tightly (?) -PPh *maŋ-qunej press together, pack solid -PAN *pedped₁ stuff, pack tightly -PPH *saksák to stuff, pack, fill up -POC *sosok package bundle (as of firewood); package -PMP *beRkes bundle, package; to wrap up -PWMP *buŋkus bundle; package -PEMP *bokes container for solid objects; package -POC *busa₃ packed compact, compressed, packed in tightly -PWMP *pa(n)det constipation; packed hard and firm -PMP *etel crowded together, packed in tightly -PWMP *degdeg packed in, compressed - *-det(root) packed tightly -PWMP *sa(n)det packed tightly together -PAN *detdet tightly packed, in space or time -PWMP *ma-seksek packet packet of cooked rice - *(loan) wrapped packet of cooked rice -PWMP *lepet₃ pad pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc. -PPH *dikén padding liner, layer, insulation, padding; sleeping mat -PMP *hapin lining, insulation, padding; underlayer, as of clothing -PPH *sapín paddle canoe paddle, paddle a canoe -PEMP *boRse canoe paddle; paddle a canoe -POC *pose canoe paddle; paddle a canoe -PMP *beRsay leaf; blade of paddle or oar; ‘table’ for eating -PMP *dahun to back water with a paddle -POC *ruru₁ to paddle -POC *aluca to paddle -POC *paluca to paddle -PAN *pa-aluja to paddle -PAN *aluja to paddle repeatedly, paddle about -POC *pose pose paddy paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field -PAN *baŋaw paddy leech -PWMP *qali-metaq paddy leech -PAN *qaNi-meCaq paddy leech -PAN *-meCaq trample earth, turn into mud, as a paddy field prior to planting -PWMP *lucak paddy field scarecrow device in paddy field - *(near) paid be paid; payment -PWMP *upaq-an consumed; paid up -PPH *impas one to whom tribute is paid -PPh *buhis-an paid off, of a debt -PMP *qimpas pail bucket, pail - *(loan) pain a state of pain or difficulty; be afflicted by illness -PWMP *ka-sakit-an abdominal pain -PPH *hilab arthritic or rheumatic pain -POC *ŋuŋul arthritic or rheumatic pain -PMP *ŋulŋul₁ cry out, as in pain or fear -PMP *beŋit emotional pain - *(near) exclamation of pain -PPH *aráy exclamation of pain - *(near) exclamation of pain or surprise -PWMP *ajiq exclamation of pain, distress, etc. -PMP *aduq exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc. -PMP *qi₁ exclamation of pain; ouch! -PPH *ananay₁ exclamation of surprise, pain, etc. -PMP *iqi exclamation of wonder, pain, etc. -PMP *inda₁ gas pains -PPH *kábag grimace at pain -PMP *reŋit₂ grimace at pain -PAN *teŋiC grimace at pain -PAN *reŋiC howl, cry out in pain -PWMP *qeraŋ interjection of pain, surprise, etc. -PWMP *qau pain - *(noise) painful; to pain -POC *ŋuŋut₁ smarting, stinging pain -PMP *hapejiq smarting, stinging pain -PAN *Sapejiq smarting, stinging pain -PMP *hapejis smarting, stinging pain -PMP *hapejes throb with pain or exhaustion -PPH *seŋet-seŋet throbbing pain -PMP *ŋutŋut₂ to exclaim in pain, distress, etc. -PWMP *maŋ-aduq to hurt, cause pain or trouble -PWMP *sakit-an painful become painful (?) -PWMP *s<um>akit have a painful feeling in the teeth, as when eating something very sour or cold, or hearing a screeching or scratching sound -PWMP *ŋilu-an large black ant with painful sting, probably bulldog ant -POC *kadik painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour -PAN *ŋilu painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour -PMP *ñilu painful sensation, teeth or joints -PMP *ma-ñilu painful swelling in limbs -POC *tupa₁ painful, as of teeth on edge from eating something very sour -PAN *ma-ŋilu painful; to pain -POC *ŋuŋut₁ sick, painful -POC *masakit sick, painful -PMP *ma-sakit sick, painful -PMP *sakit paint apply oil or paint to the body -POC *pani₂ kind of seaweed used to paint canoes -POC *boma smear, paint over -POC *bubuni to paint; smear or rub on -POC *wali₁ pair friend, partner; one of a pair; trading partner? -POC *soRa pair - *(loan) pair of boats joined by a connecting platform -PWMP *banduŋ pair, matching part - *(loan) pair, matching set -PMP *pasaŋ₁ smaller thing of a pair (?) -PWMP *paŋ-anak to match, form a pair -PPH *tupáj palanquin litter, palanquin -PWMP *usuŋ-an palanquin - *(loan) Palaquium hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber:Palaquium spp. -PMP *ñatuq palate palate -PMP *ŋadas palate - *(noise) palate; canopy -PWMP *laŋit laŋit pale light-skinned, pale -PWMP *pudak pale - *(loan) pale, albino -POC *balaR₂ pale, unnaturally white -PMP *balaR₁ palisade enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field -PMP *pager palm a palm, probablyOncosperma sp. -PMP *qanibuŋ a palm:Corypha spp. -PPH *silaR a swamp palm:Nipa fruticans -PMP *nipaq areca nut and palm; heart -POC *buaq bag of plaited palm leaves -PWMP *bayuquŋ blossom of the areca or coconut palm -PWMP *mayaŋ carrying vessel made from folded palm leaf sheath -PWMP *timbalaŋ cut or collect palm leaves for roofing -PMP *sasah extract the pith from the sago palm -PMP *saku₁ fan palm:Licuala Rumphii -POC *piRu fan palm:Licuala Rumphii -PMP *biRu fermented drink made from coconut juice, palm juice, etc. -PPH *lambanug flower spathe of areca palm -PMP *hupiq frond of a palm -PMP *papaq₁ fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq fungus that grows on the sugar palm; tinder -PMP *baruk heart of palm, palm-cabbage -PMP *qubuj lines in the palm of the hand -PMP *uRat i lima liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay palm flour -PWMP *natek palm leaf awning, usually on boats -PMP *kazaŋ₂ palm of hand, sole of foot -PMP *palaj₁ palm of the hand -PAN *dapa palm of the hand, sole of the foot -PPH *dalukap palm of the hand, sole of the foot -PWMP *tapak₁ palm sp. -PWMP *baŋa₁ palm sp:Corypha elata -PMP *buri₁ palm tree sp. - *(noise) palm used to make hats and fans -PWMP *silad palm wine -PMP *tuak plaited palm leaf bag or pouch -PWMP *kampil processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm -PMP *sagu₁ sago palm -PMP *Rumbia sago palm -POC *Rabia sago palm -PMP *Rambia sago palm - *(noise) species of palm used for making spears and bows; palm-wood spear or bow -POC *bual bual substance used in fermenting palm wine - *(noise) sugar palm:Arenga spp. -PMP *qanahaw the gebang palm:Corypha gebanga -PWMP *ibus₁ the hard outer wood of a palm trunk, used in making bows -PPH *báhiq the sugar palmArenga saccharifera,Arenga pinnata -PWMP *izuk torch, probably of dried palm frond -PMP *suluq umbrella made of palm leaves -PWMP *saeŋ width of the palm (?) -PWMP *dapal wild palm tree with fruit similar to areca nut:Heterospathe elata -PPH *sagisí palm-cabbage heart of palm, palm-cabbage -PMP *qubuj palm wine palm wine - *(loan) palm-wood species of palm used for making spears and bows; palm-wood spear or bow -POC *bual bual palolo palolo worm - *(loan) Palolo Palolo worm - *(noise) pan potsherd used as a frying pan -POC *palaŋa shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan -PAN *balaŋa to stir-fry, cook in a frying pan without oil -PMP *saŋelaR what is stir-fried or roasted in a pan without oil -PWMP *saŋelaR-en pancreas an internal organ, probably spleen or pancreas -PAN *paliq₁ internal organ, pancreas (?) -PPH *dilas pancreas, spleen -PAN *a(lR)im Pandanus Pandanus dubius -POC *pakum pandanus a pandanus,Pandanus odoratissimus; a mat made from the leaves of this plant -POC *kiRe pandanus kind of pandanus -POC *pakuŋ kind of pandanus -PMP *bakuŋ₂ kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting -PCEMP *ima₂ large pandanus sp. -POC *pwasa(rR) pandanus -POC *padran pandanus -PMP *paŋedan pandanus -PAN *paŋudaN pandanus sp. -POC *poipoi pandanus sp. -POC *kiRe-kiRe pandanus sp., probablyPandanus conoideus -POC *mwaña pandanus pandanus sp., used in making mats -PMP *kiRay panel door panel -PAN *qaNeb-an rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed -PMP *kasaw₁ Pangium a tree:Pangium edule -PWMP *paŋi pangolin pangolin - *(loan) pangolin, scaly anteater -PAN *qaRem panicle rice panicle -PPh *quhay paniculatum plant with leaves used as a vegetable:Talinum paniculatum orTalinum triangulare -PPH *talínum paniculatus a tree with edible fruit:Diplodiscus paniculatus Turz. -PPH *baRubu Panicum broomcorn millet:Panicum miliaceum -PAN-F *baCaR pant blow hard; snort, pant -PMP *qembus gasp, pant -PWMP *cuŋ(e)qab lift up the clothes, roll up the pant legs (as when crossing shallow water) -PPH *lesles₁ pant, be out of breath - *(noise) sniffle, pant -PPh *eŋus to pant, as a dog with open mouth -PPH *halhál to pant, be out of breath -PAN *ŋesŋes to roll up sleeves or pant legs -PPH *lislís panting panting, gasping for breath -POC *ŋoŋop papaya papaya - *(loan) paper paper mulberry tree:Brousonnetia papyrifera, used to make bark cloth; men’s loincloth made from this material -PCEMP *malaw papyrifera paper mulberry tree:Brousonnetia papyrifera, used to make bark cloth; men’s loincloth made from this material -PCEMP *malaw parade sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc. -PPH *sikát parakeet red parakeet -POC *siri small parrot or parakeet kept as a pet -PPH *kulasísi parallel younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PMP *huaji-q younger sibling of the same sex (vocative); younger parallel cousin of the same sex (vocative) -PWMP *huaji-ŋ younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -POC *taci younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *ta-huaji younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PWMP *paR-huaji younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PCEMP *waji younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex -PMP *huaji paralyzed die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay paralyzed -PWMP *m-atay uRat paralyzed, lame -PWMP *lumpuq parasite tiny parasite on the body, itch mite, chicken louse -PMP *kuman parasitic parasitic plant sp. -PAN *lukuC parasol to hold an umbrella or parasol over someone -PWMP *payuŋ-an to use an umbrella or parasol -PWMP *ma-mayuŋ umbrella, parasol -PWMP *payuŋ parch to dessicate, parch near a fire -PWMP *salay parched parched, bone-dry -PWMP *baRetiq pardon pardon, forgive -PWMP *maŋ-ampun-i pardon, forgive -PWMP *maŋ-ampun pardon, forgiveness -PWMP *ampun-an pardon, forgiveness -PMP *ampun pardon, forgiveness - *(noise) to pardon, forgive -PPH *táwad pare to peel, pare -PPH *tajip-an to peel, pare - *(noise) to peel, pare, as fruit or yam; to cut into slices -PPH *tájip to peel, pare, as yams -PEMP *supi parent co-parent-in-law, the kinship tie between the parents of a married couple -PWMP *baisan co-parent-in-law, the relationship between parents of spouses -PPh *balaqih parent and child -PAN *maRe-anak parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of parents -PMP *ina ama parents' elder sibling -PMP *uaʔ parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me -PMP *ua₂ parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ -PMP *uaq parent-in-law parent-in-law - *(noise) Parinari putty nut:Parinari laurinum -POC *katita Parinarium the putty nut:Parinarium laurinum -POC *qatita the putty nut:Parinarium laurinum -POC *qarita Parkia a tall tree:Parkia spp. -PPH *kúpaŋ Parrot male Eclectus Parrot:Eclectus roratus -POC *kaRa parrot member of the parrot family -PEMP *kaRa parrot fish:Scarus spp. -PPH *mulmúl parrot sp. -POC *sipi parrot sp. -POC *seŋa₂ parrot sp. - *(loan) parrot sp., possibly Eclectus parrot -POC *kiRak parrot, probablyTrichoglossus sp. -POC *pwirip small parrot or parakeet kept as a pet -PPH *kulasísi parrotfish double-headed parrotfish -POC *kamatu double-headed parrotfish -POC *amatu kind of parrotfish -POC *kosa parry defend oneself, parry a blow -PWMP *taŋgul to parry, turn an attack or accusation aside -PWMP *taŋkis part answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -POC *bali₇ back, posterior part -POC *muru be divided into seven parts -PWMP *pitu-en bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku bend; bending part, joint -PAN *lekuq₁ bending part -POC *lokuq body part -PAN *kiCiŋ child, offspring; son, daughter; brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking); young animal or plant; young; small (for its kind); dependent or component part of something larger; native, resident, inhabitant; interest on a loan -PMP *anak cover, overlapping part -PWMP *ta(ŋ)keb disease that causes swelling of body parts -PWMP *baguq divide into multiple parts -POC *wa(n)se wa(n)se divide into seven parts (?) -PWMP *maR-pitu divide into two parts -PWMP *man-duha divided into ten parts (?) -PWMP *puluq-en dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -PMP *baliw₁ external part of something -PWMP *dapuR dapuR eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata eye, focal point, center or most prominent part -PAN *maCa flesh, lean part of meat; grain of wood -POC *pisiko flesh, lean part of meat; grain of wood -POC *pijiko foundation, first part? -PWMP *p<am>uqun front, facing part -PMP *qadep head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu head-end, upper part -PAN *qulu qulu head-end, upper part -PMP *qulu-an hind part, rear, back -POC *burit₃ hind part, rear, back -PMP *burit₁ hind part, rear, back -POC *buRit₂ hind part, rear, back; base, bottom -PMP *buRit₁ insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings -POC *ralom insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings, liver (fig.) -PMP *dalem interior hill country, hilly or mountainous part of island -POC *solos knock against, of body parts -PMP *ga(n)tuk lower part of a river; tidal bore -PMP *bena made of three parts, as triple-strand rope -PPH *t<in>elu majority, largest part -PPH *ka-dakel-án middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road; guide who shows the way -PMP *mata nu zalan part fraction - *(noise) part of something split -PAN *belaq part of the loom -PAN *qatip-an part of the loom -PAN *qatip₁ part of the lower body -PPH *puéj part of the lower leg, possibly the ankle -PWMP *beŋil part split off -PWMP *bilaq₁ part, separate, divide -PWMP *ceray press together, press between two surfaces; part of the loom -PMP *hapit protruding part of the lower leg -PPh *buqel protuberant part -POC *putul₂ pull at body part; hold something dangling from the fingers -PMP *bitbit₂ pull at some part of the body -PAN *bitbit₁ rear part -PPh *íwit rear part, stern or rudder of a boat -PMP *kama-udehi side, part -POC *balaŋ₄ side, part -PCEMP *balaŋ₂ small protruding part - *-til(root) spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -POC *puRa spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -PMP *buRah to divide into three parts -PWMP *maR-telu to part the hair, as when searching for lice -PPH *sukáy to quarrel, part company -PPH *suay top part; high -PMP *umbaw upstream part of a river -PWMP *udahik wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PEMP *uRas wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PMP *huRas wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PAN *SuRas wash private parts (?) -PWMP *puqpuq₂ partially suddenly appear, come into view suddenly or partially -PPH *tuq(e)maw participate join, participate in; accompany -PPh *báli participle past participle/achieved state -PMP *ka-₇ particle affirmative particle - *(noise) anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place -POC *ai₁ clause-final particle - *(noise) collective particle -PMP *paRa₂ conjunctive particle, and -PAN *ka₁ deictic particle: this -PAN-F *nay emphatic particle -PWMP *ta₂ emphatic particle -PMP *lagi fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁ food particles caught between the teeth -PMP *tiŋah food particles caught between the teeth -PAN *CiŋaS genitive particle -PWMP *u₁ grammatical particle -PAN *qu₂ hesitation particle -PAN *a₄ interrogative particle -PAN-F *qa₂ locative particle -PMP *ha₃ locative particle -PAN *Sa₂ locative particle -PAN *qa₁ particle - *(noise) particle expressing confirmation: indeed -PPH *qa particle expressing solidarity, concession, qualification, or emphasis -PPH *man particle of doubt or interrogation -PMP *ias₁ particle of negation -PPh *diq particle used to soften questions or turn statements into rhetorical questions -PPH *taq₂ postverbal interrogative particle -PWMP *ba₅ pound into fine particles -PWMP *maŋ-bekbek question particle -PMP *aw question particle -PAN *Saw particulars details, particulars -PPH *bágay-bágay parties peace, empathy, harmony between parties -PWMP *damay parting parting, separation, as in divorce -PWMP *sarak partition division, partition, intervening space -PMP *belat₁ wall of a house; partition off -PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ partner answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -POC *bali₇ dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -PMP *baliw₁ eating partner; eat together -PPH *ka-laŋlaŋ friend, partner; one of a pair; trading partner? -POC *soRa mate, partner, cohort -PPH *ka-₄ partridge a bird: the Formosan bamboo partridge -PAN *tikuRas Formosan hill partridge -PAN-F *kuNkuN part-to-whole genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni parvifolius the Japanese raspberry:Rubus parvifolius (Linn.),Rubus taiwanianus (Matsum.) -PAN *RiNuk pass able to pass through -PWMP *taR-selat copy, imitate, pass on -POC *usuri pass by or near -PWMP *qaliwat pass by, overlook something when searching; to pass by (of time) -PPH *labas pierce, penetrate; pass through -PWMP *la(m)pus₂ to distribute, pass out shares (as of food) -PPH *bunuŋ to distribute, pass out shares of food -PPH *tagtág to let something pass by -PPH *pa-labas-en to pass around or near someone or something -PWMP *liwet to pass by -PPH *l<um>ábas to pass by, overlook -PPH *labas-an to pass one another in coming from opposite directions -PWMP *sulaŋ to pass one another while going in different directions -PPH *sub(e)líq to pass someone by, overtake in walking, go past -PWMP *libas₂ to pass through -PWMP *z<um>alan to pass through or by something, esp. after stopping -PPH *lahús to pass, cross over to the other side; to be past, of time for an action -PWMP *lapas to pass, of time; to pass time idly -PAN *SuRay to pass, pass by -PAN *lipas to slip through, pass through -PPH *lusút passage go through a narrow passage -POC *solso hack a passage through -PWMP *maŋ-bentas hack a passage through vegetation, blaze a trail -PMP *bentas narrow opening or passage between two things -PWMP *selat passage for a boat? -PCEMP *solat split, torn; opening or water passage between two capes of land -PMP *beŋat₁ take passage, catch a ride in someone else’s boat -PWMP *tumpaŋ₂ to block passage, oppose movement; come to a temporary stop -PPH *saR(e)ked passageway door, gate, passageway -PWMP *lawaŋ₂ passageway -POC *salan-an passageway, place where one has walked -PAN *zalan-an passed to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end -PWMP *lepas passengers outrigger canoe with dugout hull; passengers in a canoe -POC *waga passing improvised trail, trail made by passing through? -PAN *ka-zalan-an neck shackle to prevent an animal from passing through fences -PMP *pagal sound of swishing, as of hand passing through water -PPH *kisaw stop and visit when passing by -PMP *tuluy₂ passion passion - *(loan) passion, excitement - *(loan) to relent or subside of appetite, passions, storms, etc. -PWMP *puas passionate passionate, quick-tempered -PWMP *Rampaŋ passive 2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb -PMP *-mu marker of the adversative passive -PAN *ka- -an₁ passive affix - *(noise) pass slowly pass slowly, of time - *(loan) past go beyond, go over, go past -PWMP *la(m)baŋ go past, go beyond -PCEMP *sepat marker of past time in temporal expressions -PAN *ka-₁ past one’s prime, outdated, obsolete -PPH *laqús past participle/achieved state -PMP *ka-₇ past tense marker - *(noise) past, done, gone - *(loan) past, of time -POC *waRi₂ recall or drag up disagreeable past experiences -PWMP *uŋkat to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line -PMP *garis to go past, go beyond, be excessive -PPH *lampás to pass someone by, overtake in walking, go past -PWMP *libas₂ to pass, cross over to the other side; to be past, of time for an action -PWMP *lapas to walk past in a stooping posture -POC *roko-roko paste glue, paste, plaster, caulk -PMP *dalit₁ paste - *(loan) paste - *(noise) paste, adhesive (probably made of overcooked rice) -PMP *deket₁ paste, adhesive (probably made of overcooked rice) -PAN *dekeC paste, stick to -PMP *pilit₁ to stick or paste on -PMP *pa-deket to stick or paste on -PAN *pa-dekeC pasturage pasturage; grazing -PPH *hárab₂ pasty sticky, pasty -PPH *lap(e)qut thick, sticky, pasty -PPH *lap(e)qút pat pat, clap -PWMP *ampik pat, light slap -PAN *tepik pat, light slap - *-pik (or *-piqik?)(root) pat, slap lightly -POC *tapik pat, slap lightly -PMP *tapik slap, pat - *-bik(root) patch a patch, as on clothing -PWMP *tapal a patch, as on clothing -PMP *tapel a patch, as on clothing -PMP *tapaŋ₁ a patch, as on clothing -PAN *Capaŋ a patch; to patch -PAN *Capel to mend, patch -PMP *tambal₁ to patch -PWMP *ma-nambel to patch -PWMP *tambel to patch a hole in a net or mat -PPH *udip patches fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin:Tinea flava orPityriasis -PMP *panaw₁ path animal path, trail -PMP *qenuR follow a path -PPH *taluntún middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road; guide who shows the way -PMP *mata nu zalan path, made by a human as opposed to an animal; way or means to do something -PAN *zalan path, made by a human as opposed to an animal; way or means to do something; wake of a boat; the Milky Way -PMP *zalan path, road, way -POC *jalan side path, branch or fork in path or stream; take a side path or way; crossroads -PMP *simpaŋ small path or trail -PAN *zalan-zalan split, forked, as a branch or path -PMP *ma-saŋa take a side path -POC *siba₁ to block, obstruct a path; ambush -PWMP *qadaŋ trim, prune, clear a path -PWMP *basbas₃ patient to put up with, endure, be patient -PPH *tiqís to wait, be patient -PMP *huRay verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action -PAN *-en patron customer, patron - *(loan) pattering sound of rhythmic pattering -PWMP *tepak-tepak pattern cloth with checkered pattern - *(loan) kind of weaving pattern for basketry -PPH *p<in>usej link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance -PWMP *kawiŋ mottled pattern -PWMP *patik textile pattern - *(noise) to cut out, as a pattern -PWMP *tabas₂ veining pattern on wood or other material -PWMP *kuray patting sound of patting or tapping -PAN *pikpik paunch paunch - *(noise) paunchy paunchy, big-bellied -PPh *buyequŋ-an paunchy, big-bellied -PWMP *buyequŋ pave pave with stones; pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence -PMP *qatuR₁ pave with stones; pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *qatuR-an pawn pawn - *(loan) pledge, pawn - *(loan) pawned pawned, pledged in place of something else -PWMP *sanda pay drop by, pay a visit -PWMP *lawa₃ lower or let down, as on a rope; pay out fishline; launch a boat -PMP *huluR lower something, pay out rope -PWMP *maŋ-huluR pay -PMP *bayaD pay a visit, drop by to see someone -PPH *dálaw pay for the use of something -PWMP *maŋ-upaq pay out a rope -PWMP *lu(m)baR reward, pay -POC *taba₁ to pay for in advance -PPH *taŋ(e)paq to pay out a rope -PWMP *lumbaR payment accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD be paid; payment -PWMP *upaq-an money, payment, medium of commercial exchange -PCEMP *matay₂ payment for services -PPH *taŋ(e)dan pea bean, pea (generic) -PAN-F *qaRidaŋ peace peace, empathy, harmony between parties -PWMP *damay peach peach -PAN-F *lupas₁ peak apex, peak -PWMP *pa(n)tuk₁ mountain peak, cape of land; tip of anything -PMP *quzuŋ peak of a mountain -PAN *qapucuk peak, summit -PPH *pantuk peak, summit -PWMP *puncek peak, summit, top -PWMP *puncu peak, top -PMP *tuŋtuŋ₂ ridge of the roof; ridge of a mountain, peak; deck of a boat; cover the ridgepole with thatch -PMP *bubuŋ₁ peanut peanut - *(loan) pearl pearl - *(loan) pearl - *(noise) peck beak of a bird; to peck -PAN *tuktuk₁ beak, bill; to peck, of birds, to bite, of a snake -PPH *tukaq beak; to peck -PWMP *tu(ŋ)kuk poke, prod, peck -PMP *tukik to peck -PCMP *tetu pectoral ear; various types of bracket fungi; pectoral fins of a fish -POC *taliŋa peek peek, peep at - *(near) peel bark of a tree; peel off bark -PWMP *pakpak₂ bark, rind, sheath; to peel off bark -PWMP *upak₁ peel - *(near) peel off bark -POC *babak₂ peel off, of skin; remove the bark of a tree -PMP *bakbak₁ peel off, remove bark -PWMP *bakbak-an peel off, separate - *(noise) peel rattan -PMP *raut peel rattan, bamboo -PAN *rauC person who peels; thing used to peel (?) -PWMP *pa-ŋulit scratch, scrape, peel -POC *orit skin, bark, peel, shell -POC *kulit split, peel off -PWMP *hupak to flay, peel back or off, as bark or skin -PCEMP *sisi₃ to nibble at, peel with the teeth -PPH *kutím to open, peel off -PWMP *ruŋkab to peel -POC *pisik₂ to peel -PCEMP *bisik₁ to peel - *(noise) to peel by hand -POC *pilit₂ to peel off -PWMP *lekup to peel off skin, bark or leaves; excoriated, decorticated, defoliated -PWMP *laklak to peel sugarcane with the teeth -PPH *kúlit to peel, pare -PPH *tajip-an to peel, pare - *(noise) to peel, pare, as fruit or yam; to cut into slices -PPH *tájip to peel, pare, as yams -PEMP *supi to peel, skin off -PMP *kelas to peel, strip off -PCEMP *isi₂ to scrape off, peel off -POC *karasi to skin or peel, remove the skin or peeling -PWMP *ma-ŋulit to skin peel off - *-NiC(root) peeled peeled, skinned -PWMP *bebak₁ peeling cracked, peeling, of skin -PWMP *kur(i)siŋ peeling skin - *-bak₁(root) peeling, rind - *(noise) rind or peeling - *(noise) rind, peeling of fruits or tubers -PAN *kuliC shell, peeling, skin -POC *bwara shell, peeling, skin -POC *bwala to skin or peel, remove the skin or peeling -PWMP *ma-ŋulit peep a peep, squeak, giggle -PMP *kik baby chick; to peep, of chicks -PMP *piqek chirp, peep -PWMP *ciap peep, cheep -POC *piok peep, cheep -PMP *piek peep, cheep -PMP *kiuk peep, peer at -PWMP *liŋliŋ peep, twitter -PWMP *pit to peep, spy on -PPH *siq(e)rip-en to peep, spy on -PPH *siq(e)rip to peep, spy on, to stalk -PWMP *subuk₁ to peep, squeak -PWMP *kihik peep at peek, peep at - *(near) peeping baby chick; peeping of chick -PAN *piak peeping of chick -PWMP *piuk-piuk peeping of chicks -PWMP *piqek-piqek peer border on, neighbor; peer, equal -PWMP *sidiŋ peep, peer at -PWMP *liŋliŋ peltata a vine:Merremia peltata -POC *paliaRua pen cage, as for an animal; to enclose in a cage or pen -PWMP *kuruŋ coop, as for chickens; pen, as for pigs -PPH *taŋkal enclosure, pen for animals -PWMP *kandaŋ fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *bara₄ fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *baRa fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *bala₄ pen, enclosure for domesticated animals -PMP *bara₁ pen, enclosure for domesticated animals -PMP *baRa₂ pen, enclosure for domesticated animals -PMP *bala₂ pencil pencil - *(loan) pendant ear pendant -PWMP *tiŋgaʔ penetrate enter, penetrate -PMP *selep enter, penetrate -PAN *sejep enter, penetrate -PWMP *hacuk enter, penetrate -PMP *dusuk enter, penetrate, insert -PWMP *hasuk enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tamaq₂ enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tama₂ enter, penetrate; to set, of the sun -PMP *surup₁ go right through, penetrate through and through -PWMP *terus insert, penetrate, enter - *-suk (or *suquk?)(root) insert, pierce, penetrate -PAN *Cesek penetrate -PMP *serep penetrate, get attached to -PWMP *sebet pierce, penetrate -PMP *tesek pierce, penetrate -PMP *tektek₂ pierce, penetrate -PAN *CekCek pierce, penetrate - *(near) pierce, penetrate - *(noise) pierce, penetrate; insert -PAN *suksuk pierce, penetrate; pass through -PWMP *la(m)pus₂ press into, penetrate; enter crouching; drive in stakes -PMP *usuk to enter, penetrate, pierce -PAN *s<um>uksuk to pierce, penetrate, skewer -PWMP *ma-nusuk peninsula peninsula cape - *(loan) penis erect, of the penis -PPh *qutuR hernia; to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis -PMP *luslus notch, as in a tree trunk; notch-shaped area under theglans penis -PWMP *etak penis -PMP *lasuq₂ penis -POC *ule₁ penis -POC *na qutin penis -PMP *qutin penis -PAN *qutiN penis - *(loan) penis of a little boy -PPH *tutuy wood; strong; stiff; penis (colloquial) -POC *kayu pennant banner, pennant - *(loan) pentandra silk cotton tree:Ceiba pentandra Linn. -PPh *buybuy the kapok tree:Ceiba pentandra -PMP *kabu-kabu pent-up to release something pent-up, let something go -PPH *buaŋ people carry a load between two people -PPH *tuaŋ₂ carry on a shoulder pole between two people -PWMP *ataŋ₂ caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people -PWMP *gakgak crowded with people -PPh *ma-tau crowded; mass of people -POC *puŋa₂ disposal of objects, banishment of people -PWMP *paŋ-buaŋ-an it is said, people say..... -PWMP *kenu it is said, people say..... -PWMP *ken it is said, people say..... -PPH *kunuq it is said, people say..... -PMP *kunu₂ link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance -PWMP *kawiŋ old, of people -PAN *ma-tuqaS old, of people -PWMP *laki₂ old, of people -PAN *Rudaŋ old, of people; mature, as fruit -PMP *tuqah old, of people; primary forest, old forest -PAN *tuqaS old, of people; very, extremely; to die, dead (euphemism) -PMP *ma-tuqah older people, elders -PMP *tuqah tuqah older people, elders -PAN *tuqaS tuqaS outsiders, alien people -PMP *qulun₁ outsiders, alien people -PMP *qaRta someone; other people; be different -PAN *duma thin, of people and animals -PMP *ma-niwaŋ thinness, of people and animals -PMP *niwaŋ to leave things or people alone; to abandon -PPH *bayáq to separate people who are fighting -PPH *awat₂ to separate people, disperse a gathering -PWMP *butas₁ to separate, as two people -PAN *waray two, of people -POC *ra-rua two, of people -PMP *da-duha two, of people -PAN *da-duSa pepper betel pepper -PPH *gawed betel pepper -PWMP *Rawed betel pepper - *(loan) betel pepper:Piper betle -POC *pu-pulu betel pepper:Piper betle -PMP *bu-bulu fruit of the betel pepper -PAN *pudu leaf of a vine chewed with betel nut, betel pepper:Piper betle -PWMP *buyuq leaf of the betel pepper -POC *puqulu pepper; to sting, of a wound or spices in food -PMP *lajaq pepper (black) pepper (black) - *(loan) perceive to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR to hear; what is heard, news; to perceive by any sense other than sight -POC *roŋoR to know (a person), recognize, be acquainted with; to feel, perceive -PAN *kilala perceived unnoticed, not perceived - *(noise) perception mental perception -PMP *mata nu qatay perch a fish, the climbing perch:Anabas testudineus -PWMP *puyu-puyu a fish, the climbing perch:Anabas testudineus -PWMP *puyu₁ a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod -PWMP *kurapu a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu marine fish: sea perch -PWMP *kaReteŋ perch, roosting place for chickens -PPH *hapun-an sea perch:Lutjanus sp. -POC *tasiwa to perch, of birds -PPH *dapuq percussive a percussive musical instrument or ensemble: the gamelan -PWMP *kulintaŋ perfect to complete, perfect something -PMP *bales₂ to perfect, complete something -POC *palos perfective perfective marker -PAN *<in> perforate a hole; make a hole in, perforate -PPH *lubut drill through, pierce, perforate -POC *paRo₁ perforated have a hole; be perforated -POC *posuk have a hole; be perforated -PMP *pesuk have a hole; be perforated -POC *posu punctured, perforated so that the contents spill out -PWMP *busbus-en perform do something with someone else, perform an action together -PAN *mi-da-duSa do, make, create, perform; to work; to wager: deed; thing; creation; behavior, conduct, performance; work; a bet; because, on account of, through the action of; need, use for something; necessary; for (benefactive) -PMP *buhat₂ do, perform - *(noise) make, do, perform -PWMP *maR-buhat weak, feeble, unable to perform -PPH *ma-kápuy weakness, debility; feeble, unable to perform -PPH *kápuy performance deed, action, performance -PWMP *paR-buhat-an do, make, create, perform; to work; to wager: deed; thing; creation; behavior, conduct, performance; work; a bet; because, on account of, through the action of; need, use for something; necessary; for (benefactive) -PMP *buhat₂ perfuming plant used for perfuming the body -POC *bubu₃ perhaps a small stinging plant, perhapsLaportea interrupta -POC *karat₂ coastal tree, perhapsPongamia pinnata -POC *pesi conjunction: or, if; perhaps; because -PMP *ba₁ marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully; or; any -POC *baraŋ₂ marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully; or; any -PMP *baraŋ₁ maybe, perhaps, possibly -PPH *bakáq or, because, but, perhaps -POC *ba₁ small reef fish, perhaps damselfish -POC *tokuku period duration of time, time period -PWMP *tagal field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan period in which a widow may not remarry - *(loan) periodically periodically stopping -PWMP *endaŋ endaŋ periwinkle small snail or periwinkle -PMP *sisi₁ permission ask permission - *(noise) permission - *(loan) permission - *(noise) permit allow, agree, accept, permit -POC *taRamwi to allow, permit -PWMP *tuRut-i perplexity confusion, perplexity -PAN *ulaw pers 1st pers. incl. genitive; our -PAN *n-ita persimmon kind of ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish:Diospyros spp. -PPH *kanúmay persimmon -PAN *qalupaR persist able to resist or persist, as rice grains that are difficult to husk -PWMP *betaq₁ persist in an endeavor -PWMP *atag to continue, persist in something -PPH *layun person a person who turns or grinds something; an instrument used for rolling or grinding -PWMP *paŋ-giliŋ bachelor; young unmarried person -POC *tau paqoRu balanced, as a person in walking, or two weights opposite one another -PWMP *timbaŋ bald; a bald person -POC *palala be married, person married -PPh *qasawa-en bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back -PMP *baba₁ carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back -PAN *baba₁ carry between two or more persons -PMP *bintiŋ carry between two persons -PMP *qusuŋ carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PPh *bulig-an carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PWMP *bulig enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tamaq₂ enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tama₂ exhortation to call a person or animal -PAN *kati₁ heart of a person or animal; purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant -PMP *pusuq₁ nudge, bump against another person -PWMP *da(m)pil object of respect; distinguished or respected person -PWMP *empu-an old, older person, elder; old stand forest -POC *matuqa one who has died, dead person -POC *m<in>ate person - *(loan) person or instrument that grinds or sharpens -PWMP *paŋ-hasaq person or place from which something is borrowed -PWMP *hinzam-an person who leads or escorts another; means of leading or escorting -PWMP *paŋ-hateD person who peels; thing used to peel (?) -PWMP *pa-ŋulit person who suffers from extreme flatulence -PWMP *paŋ-qetut-an person whose name is avoided or cannot be remembered: So-and-so -PMP *sanu person whose name is avoided or cannot be remembered: So-and-so -PWMP *i-anu, si-anu person whose name is unknown, avoided or cannot be remembered: who? -PPh *si-nu person, human being -PMP *tau-mata person, human being -PMP *tau₁ person, human being -PAN *Cau protruding, of the bones of a skinny (bony) person -PWMP *ka-tuqela-tuqelaŋ raise the eyebrows as a signal to another person; to furrow the brows (?) -PWMP *kindat short in height, squat and compact in build, of a person -PMP *pandak soul, spirit of a living person -PPH *ka-du-duhá sound produced by an animal; unintelligible muttering of a person -PAN *ŋawŋaw sucking noise made as a signal to another person -PMP *misik thin, of persons and animals -PAN *ma-Niwaŋ thwart, crosspiece, as one used to restrain person; lie athwart or across -PWMP *balagbag to bend over, as a person -PMP *pikut to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered; restraining rope -PMP *Rapus to bypass, miss contact with another person -PPH *sub(e)laR to call on a person to do something -PAN *suRuq₂ to trot, of a horse, to jog, of a person -PPH *yagyág was escorted or brought; person escorted, thing brought -PWMP *h<in>ateD wrestle, seize and throw a person to the ground -PPH *ludeg personal 2pl. personal pronoun, you all -PPH *ka-yú 2sg. personal pronoun: you -PMP *iu₃ 2sg. personal pronoun: you -PAN *iSu 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, it -PAN *si ia₁ 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it -PAN *ia₁ genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni genitive of plural personal names -PAN *na₃ locative case marker for plural personal names -PMP *daₐ long feathers used for personal adornment -PAN-F *RiNaS nominative case marker for plural personal names -PAN *sa₁ nominative case marker for singular personal names or kin terms used as personal names -PAN *si₁ oblique case marker for personal nouns -PAN *ki₂ oblique case marker for plural personal names -PAN *ka₃ oblique case marker for singular personal nouns -PMP *ki₂ₐ personal article -PAN *i₃ personality weak, frail; gentle in personality -PWMP *lemu perspiration sweat, perspiration -PPH *hulas sweat, perspiration -PMP *qatiŋ sweat, perspiration -PWMP *liŋ(e)qet persuade entice, persuade - *(noise) pes-caprae beach creepers, includingIpomoea grandiflora andIpomoea pes-caprae -POC *puRe₂ creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory:Ipomoea pes-caprae -PPH *balinu peso (unit of Spanish currency) peso (unit of Spanish currency) - *(loan) pestle pestle -PMP *qahelu pestle -PAN *qaSelu pestle - *(loan) rice pestle -PWMP *lalu₂ rice pestle -PWMP *laq(e)lu rice pestle -PMP *balu₂ rice pestle -PMP *anak i lesuŋ to pound with a pestle -PMP *lubuk₂ pet pet animal, animal that is tamed by humans feeding it -POC *paŋan-i small parrot or parakeet kept as a pet -PPH *kulasísi to play; plaything, toy; pet -PWMP *qayam₃ vulva, vagina; pet name for girls -PWMP *uki petition request, petition - *(loan) phalanger cuscus, phalanger -POC *kadoRa cuscus, phalanger -PCEMP *kandoRa Phaseolus lima bean:Phaseolus lunatus -PPH *patániq the mung bean:Phaseolus spp. -PWMP *balatuŋ pheasant Argus pheasant - *(loan) the male of Swinhoe’s blue pheasant -PAN-F *RiNaS-an pheasant-dove kind of bird: pheasant-dove? -POC *kua kua phenomena power in natural phenomena; thunder, storm wind -POC *mana₂ Philippine a tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany:Shorea albus Foxw. -PMP *bulah a tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany:Shorea albus Foxw. -PAN *buleS kind of citrus fruit, Philippine orange -PPH *kutay Philippine cedar tree:Cedrela sp. -PPH *kalantas the Philippine mahogony:Shorea orHopea sp. -PPH *yakál phlegm phlegm; cough up phlegm -PWMP *dahak phosphorescent phosphorescent centipede (?) -PWMP *andap Phragmites a plant,Phragmites spp. -PAN *qaReNu pick lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *taR-aŋkat lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *maR-aŋkat lift, raise, pick up -PWMP *aŋkat pick or clean the teeth -PWMP *sisig pick or knock down fruit with a pole -PMP *su(ŋ)kit pick out with the fingers -PCMP *kisi pick up -PWMP *pu(n)zut pick up - *(noise) pick up or carry dangling from the fingers -PWMP *maR-bitbit pick up or carry dangling from the fingers -PWMP *maŋ-bitbit pick up with both hands -POC *agup pick up with the fingers -PWMP *pundut pick, pluck (as fruit) -PMP *puqpuq₁ pick, pluck (as fruit) -PMP *pupu₁ pick, pluck, break off -PMP *ketuq pinch, squeeze, press between two surfaces; pluck, pick off -PAN *pitpit₂ skewer something so as to pick it up without touching it -PPH *tuRsúk to choose, select, pick out -PAN *p<um>iliq to choose, select, pick out -PWMP *maR-piliq to choose, select, pick out -PWMP *ma-miliq to choose, to select; to pick out -PAN *piliq to pick at one’s food, show little interest in eating -PPH *kimkím to pick up with something to avoid getting dirty or burned -PAN *saput₂ to pick up with tongs or pincers -PPh *sipít-en to pick, as fruit from a tree using a pole with a hook -PPH *su(ŋ)kit-en to pick, pluck fruit -PWMP *putik₂ pick-a-back carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back -PMP *baba₁ carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back -PAN *baba₁ carry pick-a-back -PPh *aba₂ pickaxe pickaxe, mattock, hoe - *(loan) picked be picked up or carried dangling from the fingers -PWMP *bitbit-en picking picking of fruit; falling out of teeth -PPH *tipuq pickle pickles, to pickle - *(loan) pickles, to pickle - *(loan) to pickle, preserve meat or fish -PAN-F *umaS pickled pickled fish - *(loan) pickpocket to draw out; to pickpocket someone -PPH *dúkut pick up pick up, take with fingers - *(loan) pictum ornamental shrub used for hedgesGraptophyllum pictum -PWMP *qatay qatay₂ piece add a piece -PWMP *timbaw₁ be chopped into pieces, be minced, as meat or vegetables; what is chopped up or minced -PAN *tektek-en break into several large pieces -PAN *peceq₁ break into several large pieces; hatch -PMP *pesak break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -POC *posaq break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -PMP *peceq₂ break off a component piece of something, as twigs or branches from a tree, a banana from a bunch, a section from a fruit, etc. -PPH *sipíq break to pieces -PWMP *Repik break to pieces -PMP *Repak break up into small pieces -PPH *sagsag-en break up, fall into pieces, scatter, disperse -PWMP *baRbaR broken piece of rope or string -PWMP *butes chop or hack into pieces -PWMP *ma-nektek chopping to pieces, cutting up, as meat or vegetables -PAN *tektek₁ connecting piece - *(noise) connecting piece - *(noise) crumble, break into small pieces -PWMP *remay cut into pieces -PMP *keleŋ₁ cut, slice into pieces, as breadfruit or taro -POC *siba fragment, piece broken off - *(noise) fragment, piece of something -PCEMP *ŋaŋar fragment, split-off piece -PMP *ŋarŋar hack, chop into pieces -PAN *saksak₁ in pieces, break open - *-ceq(root) large piece or chunk of meat, etc. -PWMP *la(m)paŋ moon, month; menstruation; shell disk collar piece -PMP *bulan₃ piece (of cloth...) - *(loan) piece broken off, husk -PWMP *upek piece of something that has been cut -PPH *petpet₃ piece of wood used for a purpose; lie athwart, as a beam -PWMP *bali(n)taŋ piece, numeral classifier - *(loan) slice, cut into pieces -PWMP *sayat split apart; piece split off -PWMP *buŋkaq to cut off a piece -PCMP *lolan to cut off small pieces; to chip off bit by bit -PWMP *ma-ñapsap to take one piece of fruit from a bunch -PPH *siŋiq wedge, piece used to stabilize surfaces -PPH *taŋén wedge, shim, piece inserted to prevent movement -PPH *baŋil piecemeal transport piecemeal; tranport through repeated trips -PAN *SakuC transport piecemeal; transport through repeated trips -PWMP *maŋ-hakut transport piecemeal; transport through repeated trips -PMP *hakut pier dock, pier, wharf - *(loan) pierce drill through, pierce, perforate -POC *paRo₁ insert, pierce, penetrate -PAN *Cesek pierce or remove with a needle -PMP *sulam pierce, as wth a needle; extract by piercing -PMP *suŋkit pierce, penetrate -PMP *tesek pierce, penetrate -PMP *tektek₂ pierce, penetrate -PAN *CekCek pierce, penetrate - *(near) pierce, penetrate - *(noise) pierce, penetrate; insert -PAN *suksuk pierce, penetrate; pass through -PWMP *la(m)pus₂ pierce, skewer - *(noise) pierce, skewer or string together -PAN *tusuk pierce, stab -PAN *tebek pierce, stab -PMP *rusuk stab, pierce, kill -PWMP *maR-bunuq stick with a pin, pierce -PPH *tedák strike, beat; pierce; kill; extinguish (a fire) -POC *punuq₃ thrust into, pierce with -PMP *desek₂ to enter, penetrate, pierce -PAN *s<um>uksuk to pierce, as with a needle -PPH *tud(e)lúk to pierce, penetrate, skewer -PWMP *ma-nusuk to pierce, stab -PCMP *dodok to pierce, to stab -PWMP *maŋ-tebek to pierce, to stab -PAN *t<um>ebek to poke into, pierce, insert -PWMP *ma-ñuksuk to prick, pierce -POC *susuk pierced be pierced, be stabbed -PWMP *tebek-en ear plug, roll of leaves, etc. inserted through pierced ear -PWMP *subeŋ was pierced, was stabbed -PWMP *t<in>ebek piercing pierce, as wth a needle; extract by piercing -PMP *suŋkit piercing sound -PPH *tileŋ piety works of piety, charity - *(loan) pig coop, as for chickens; pen, as for pigs -PPH *taŋkal domesticated pig -PAN *beRek domesticated pig -PMP *babuy lebu domesticated pig -PMP *babuy banua drive pigs into a net -POC *bubuR₂ lair of a wild pig for giving birth -PPH *dug(e)mún male pig, boar -PPh *butakál mix foods, as in preparing pig’s fodder -PWMP *bahuR mud puddle, wallow for wild pig or carabao -PPH *tebug pig -POC *boRok pig -PAN *babuy₃ pig - *(loan) pig - *(noise) pig bristles; type of sea urchin with thin black spines -PMP *bulu ni babuy piglet, suckling pig -PPH *baketin pork, flesh of a pig -PPH *lamán root up the ground, of a pig; uproot -PMP *sual slurp up food or water, eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *sabsab slurp up food or water; eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *tabtab₂ to gulp, devour, eat like a pig -PPH *habhab to squeal, cry out, as a pig -POC *ŋek₂ wild pig -PMP *babuy halas pigeon dove, pigeon -PWMP *acaŋ kind of dove or pigeon -POC *kurukuru pigeon or dove sp. -POC *kupuR pigeon sp. -POC *bona₂ pigeon, dove (domesticated) - *(loan) piggery pigpen, pigsty, piggery -PAN *babuy-an piggyback carry piggyback -POC *papa₁ piglet piglet, suckling pig -PPH *baketin pigpen pigpen - *(noise) pigpen, pigsty, piggery -PAN *babuy-an pigsty pigpen, pigsty, piggery -PAN *babuy-an pile group, pile -PMP *hebun heap up, pile up (as earth); dam -PMP *limbun heap, pile -POC *upun₂ heap, pile -POC *opun heap, pile, collection -PWMP *umpuk-an heap, pile, collection -PWMP *umpuk heap, pile, collection -PMP *hubun₂ heap, pile, cover with earth; collect, assemble - *-bun (or *-bequn?)(root) heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather -PMP *ebun heap, pile; cover up -PWMP *tumbun heap, pile; elevated platform used as a look-out -PWMP *paŋguŋ pave with stones; pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence -PMP *qatuR₁ pave with stones; pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *qatuR-an pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *maŋ-qatuR pile up, as stones -PAN *dapuR₂ to heap up, make a pile -PWMP *simpuk to pile up earth or rocks, heap up so as to obstruct -PWMP *t<um>ambak to stack up, pile in layers -PMP *susun pilfering pilfering, filching, stealing small amounts -PPH *kúpit piling drive in, erect, as a piling -PMP *uzeg pillage to seize, take by force, snatch from another’s hands; pillage -PPH *samsám pillar housepost, pillar -PAN-F *qelud post, pillar -POC *tura post, pillar - *(loan) post, stake, pillar -PPH *tendek₁ pillow to rest the head against something; pillow -PPH *puŋan wooden headrest, pillow -PMP *qalunan pimple pimple -PMP *gintil to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains -PWMP *beRas-en pin stick with a pin, pierce -PPH *tedák pincer pincer of crustaceans; press together, pinch, squeeze -PMP *qipit pincer of crustaceans; tongs; press together, pinch, squeeze -PAN *qipit pincers, tongs -PWMP *sa(R)pit pincers, tongs -PWMP *ca(R)pit to pick up with tongs or pincers -PPh *sipít-en tongs, pincers -PPH *pa-nípit tongs, pincers, claw of a crab or lobster; to pinch or squeeze -PAN *sipit pinch clamp, pinch together -PWMP *sapit narrow; pinch between tongs, etc. -PAN *kipit narrow; to pinch; tongs -PWMP *supit pincer of crustaceans; press together, pinch, squeeze -PMP *qipit pincer of crustaceans; tongs; press together, pinch, squeeze -PAN *qipit pinch -PWMP *kuzut pinch -PMP *kunut pinch -PCMP *bitil₂ pinch - *(noise) pinch off -PAN *ketil pinch or squeeze between two surfaces -PPh *hig(e)pít pinch together -PMP *atip pinch together; narrow -PWMP *gu(m)pit pinch together; tongs, etc. for pinching things together -PWMP *biR(e)tiŋ pinch, nip, pluck -PMP *kinit pinch, press between; fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house -PMP *kapit pinch, squeeze -POC *bibit pinch, squeeze -POC *apit pinch, squeeze between -PMP *gepit pinch, squeeze, enclose -PWMP *maŋ-hapit pinch, squeeze, press -PWMP *zapit pinch, squeeze, press between two surfaces; pluck, pick off -PAN *pitpit₂ pinch, squeeze, press together -PMP *qatip₂ pinch, squeeze; knead -PAN *pisel pinch, take up with the fingers -PWMP *zepit squeeze between; pinch, take between fingers -PMP *Ri(m)pit to pinch -PPH *k<um>ezut to pinch -PAN *getil to pinch -PMP *getel to pinch -PAN *geCel to pinch between two surfaces, clip -PPH *qiR(e)pit to pinch off -PPH *ketél to pinch or squeeze, as with tongs -PWMP *s<um>ipit to pinch someone -PWMP *kedut-en to pinch someone or something -PWMP *ma-ŋezut to pinch, as with the nails -PWMP *kezut₂ to pinch, hold between the fingers -PPH *pidut to pinch, squeeze between -PWMP *ma-ñipit tongs, pincers, claw of a crab or lobster; to pinch or squeeze -PAN *sipit pinched be pinched off -PPH *ketel-én be pinched or squeezed by -PPh *hig(e)pít-en be pinched, squeezed, or pressed -PAN *pitpit-en pinching blow the nose by pinching off one nostril -PMP *eseŋ pinch together; tongs, etc. for pinching things together -PWMP *biR(e)tiŋ pinching apparatus -PWMP *hapit hapit pinching apparatus -PWMP *hapit-an tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching -PMP *qapit tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching -PAN *qapiC pinching off pinching off, shearing off - *(loan) pine pine tree, pitch pine -PAN *saleŋ pineapple pineapple - *(loan) pinkie little finger, pinkie -PMP *anak i lima pinky little finger, pinky -PWMP *kaliŋkiŋ little finger, pinky -PMP *kiŋkiŋ₃ Pinna bivalve mollusc, possiblyPinna sp. -POC *sapulu pinnata coastal tree, perhapsPongamia pinnata -POC *pesi kind of fruit tree:Pometia pinnata -PMP *tawan the sugar palmArenga saccharifera,Arenga pinnata -PWMP *izuk pipe smoking pipe - *(loan) Piper betel pepper:Piper betle -POC *pu-pulu betel pepper:Piper betle -PMP *bu-bulu leaf of a vine chewed with betel nut, betel pepper:Piper betle -PWMP *buyuq Pipturus a plant:Pipturus argenteus -PMP *adamay Pisonia a fruit-bearing plant:Pisonia umbellifera -PMP *añuliŋ pit burial pit -PAN *lubaŋ₁ cavity, pit, den; to excavate a pit -PMP *baŋbaŋ₃ hole, pit -PWMP *Ruqaŋ hole, pit -PMP *lubaŋ₁ hole, pit -PAN *buhaŋ pit of the stomach -PWMP *qulu ni qatay pit two opponents against each other; cockfight -PWMP *sabuŋ₁ pit, deep cavity in the ground -PMP *lumbuŋ₁ pit, hole; well; waterhole -PPh *bítu pull up, as out of a pit or out of water -PMP *bantun to bury, place in a pit or hole -PAN *l<um>ubaŋ to dig a hole or pit -PWMP *maR-lubaŋ vessel for fetching water from a well, objects from a pit, etc -PMP *timba pitch pine tree, pitch pine -PAN *saleŋ pitch black, as a moonless night -PPH *ŋitŋit₃ pitfall pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo -POC *suca pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo -PMP *suja spear; sharpened pitfall stake -POC *ona₂ pith extract the pith from the sago palm -PMP *saku₁ liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay pith - *(noise) pith of a tree -POC *quto pith of plants or trees; core or middle of something -PMP *qunej pithy pithy ball inside sprouted coconut, coconut endosperm -POC *piri pithy; central -PPh *qunej-en pithy; central -PPh *ma-qunej pity expression of pity or affection -PMP *ka-qasiq-an mercy, pity, affection -PMP *ka-qasiq pity, compassion - *(noise) pity, compassion, affection, love, sympathy, forgiveness -PMP *qasiq to pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for -PMP *ma-qasiq too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame! -PWMP *sayaŋ Pityriasis fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin:Tinea flava orPityriasis -PMP *panaw₁ pl 2p. pl. pronoun: you -PCEMP *imi place abode, place of residence -PMP *tahan anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place -POC *ai₁ animal haunt, place frequented by animals -PMP *qenuR-an₂ animal haunt, place frequented by animals -PAN *qenuR-an₁ back area, place at the back? -PAN *likud-an backrest, place to lean back against -PWMP *sandaR-an clothesline, place to hang washed clothing -PMP *sampay-an come to rest in a definite place, settle down, as birds on a tree -PMP *tekas come to shore, settle down in a place; sit, squat -POC *toka₂ cover with thatch; place of thatching -PWMP *qatep-an covered with thatch; place of thatching -PWMP *q<in>atep-an deep place in a river -PMP *liku₁ deep place in river; pool of water left when a stream dries up -PPH *lib(e)túŋ deep place in water - *(noise) dwell, reside, live in a place -PAN *ian₂ eating place (?) -PWMP *amaq-an elevated place -PWMP *paŋguŋ-an fortified place; village -POC *koro₂ frighten off birds or animals from the fields; place used to frighten off birds or animals from the fields -PWMP *buRaw-an grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them -PWMP *giliŋ-an hearth, cooking place -PWMP *dapuR-an hide, stay in a tight or hidden place -PPH *lukluk last compartment in a fishtrap, place where fish are caught -PWMP *bunuq-an₂ location, place where one stays -PWMP *paR-ian-an look over a wide area, search for something with the eyes while standing in place -PPH *nanaw lost, as in a crowd or in an unfamilar place -PWMP *tawtaw mooring place, place where a boat is tied -PWMP *talih-an move something to another place -PPH *hubuq-en move something to another place -PPH *hubuq move, change place -PMP *aliq nest, nesting place -PPH *pugad-an passageway, place where one has walked -PAN *zalan-an pawned, pledged in place of something else -PWMP *sanda perch, roosting place for chickens -PPH *hapun-an person or place from which something is borrowed -PWMP *hinzam-an place covered by shallow water -PWMP *limbuŋ place in the mountains -PWMP *bukij-an place in the sun -PPh *qalejaw-an place into which something is poured -PPh *buqbuq-an place of ashes -PWMP *paR-qabu-an place of ashes; hearth -PAN *qabu-an place of blowing -PMP *heyup-an place of blowing -PAN *Seyup-an place of burning - *(noise) place of drinking -PWMP *hiRup-an place of flowing water -PPH *lanaŋ-an place of killing or slaughtering -PWMP *bunuq-an₁ place of residence -PWMP *ian-an place of residence - *(noise) place of sewing -PMP *taqih-an place of sewing -PAN *CaqiS-an place salted -PWMP *qasin-an place something near a fire -PAN *daŋdaŋ-an place that has been dug up -PMP *k<in>ali-an place that has been dug up -PAN *k<in>alih-an place to dry wood -PWMP *salay-an place where chickens are kept -PWMP *manuk-an place where fish or meat are smoked -PWMP *tapa-an place where one eats -PAN *ka-kaen-an place where one eats; food -PAN *kaen-an place where one rests the head: wooden headrest -PMP *qulun-an place where one spends the night -PWMP *paR-beRŋi-an place where one washes -PMP *hiñaw-an place where one washes -PAN *Siñaw-an place where ridgepole covering has been attached -PWMP *b<in>ubuŋ-an place where salt is found; salt beds -PPh *paŋ-qasin-an place where something grows or is added -PWMP *tubuq-an place where something is fetched -PWMP *paŋ-alap-an place where water flows -PMP *qaliR-an place which is unknown or cannot be remembered: where? -PAN *i-nu place, location, direction -PWMP *dapít place, spot - *(loan) pool, deep place in water; swamp -PCMP *tibu₁ pound together, place of pounding together -PPh *qasud-án prefix indicating place of origin (for ethnic groups) -PPH *taga- put in place - *(noise) raise, place something upright -PWMP *baŋun-an sacred place -PWMP *tampuk₂ secret place -PWMP *sulib sheltered place -PWMP *siduŋ sheltered place (?) -PWMP *linduŋ-an sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon -PMP *namaw sit, squat; come to rest; stay in a place; settle down, as birds on a tree -POC *toka₃ sleeping place; bed -PWMP *tuduR-an sleeping place; bed -PWMP *pa-tuduR-an stay, dwell in a place -POC *mono step on, place one's foot on -PMP *re(n)zak stony place, stony ground -PWMP *ka-batu-an taking place at night -PPH *Rabi-en the place where something is stolen (nonpast local passive) -PWMP *paŋ-takaw-an to arrive, reach a place -PMP *dateŋ to bury, place in a pit or hole -PAN *l<um>ubaŋ to carry off, kidnap, loot a place -PWMP *maR-taban to carry off, kidnap, loot a place -PWMP *ma-naban to change place or activity -PPH *qalis-an to change place or activity -PPH *qalís to desert a place, flee -PPH *layas₁ to place a bet -PPH *i-tayáɁ to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely -PPH *dápat₁ to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely -PMP *dapet to put something in a high place or reach a high place by climbing -PPH *saŋ(e)qát to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq village, place of residence - *(loan) village; place of residence -PAN *taNaS placed coiled base on which cooking pots are set or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *riken coiled base on which cooking pots are set, or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *Riken pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc. -PPH *dikén stand or be placed near to someone or something -PPH *saiŋ trivet, arrangement of three stones on which the cooking pot is placed -PMP *dalikan what is laid, placed or put down -PWMP *t<in>aRuq placenta placenta, afterbirth -POC *tapuni placenta, afterbirth -PMP *tabuni₁ plain coastal plain, promontory (?) -PCMP *tetun level ground; plain -PWMP *pataR₂ plain, flat ground -PWMP *pataR-an plain, region of level land -PAN *ka-dataR-an plait plait (mats, baskets, etc.) -PMP *añam plait a cord, twist, wrap around -PMP *pirit plait, braid -PMP *añem plait, weave -PWMP *ayam plait, weave (mats, baskets) -PWMP *maŋ-añam plait, weave (mats, baskets) -PWMP *ma-añam to plait (as a mat) -POC *tikV to plait, as mats or baskets -PWMP *man-laja to plait, weave -POC *patuR to plait, weave (as mats, baskets) -PMP *batuR₁ to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats -PPH *l<um>aja to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats -PWMP *laja to weave, plait (as a basket, door, fence) -POC *pai₂ plaited bag of plaited palm leaves -PWMP *bayuquŋ plaited palm leaf bag or pouch -PWMP *kampil what has been plaited or woven -PWMP *añam-en plaiting a plant, the bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting:Maranta dichotoma -PWMP *banban kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting -PCEMP *ima₂ plaiting of a mat -POC *tiki plaitwork kind of plaitwork -PWMP *kalamata wattle, bamboo plaitwork construction for walls -PWMP *sasag plan plan, design, project - *(noise) to plan, prepare to do something -PPH *gayák Planchonella a tree:Planchonella obovata -PPH *banisah plane carpenter’s plane - *(loan) to scrape smooth, to plane a surface -PAN-F *RuSRuS planed lumber planed lumber - *(loan) plank board, plank - *(noise) board, plank, side of canoe -POC *baban broad, flat rock shaped like a plank -PWMP *batu papan gunwale, side plank on canoe - *(loan) log or plank bridge -PWMP *taytay-an plank, board; floor boards of house -PMP *papan side of the face, cheek; side planks of a canoe -POC *babaR thick, as a plank -PWMP *ma-kapal thick, as a plank -PWMP *kapal walk over a plank or log bridge -PWMP *ma-naytay plan something plan something, prepare - *(loan) plant a climbing plant:Wedelia biflora -PMP *qatay qatay₁ a creeping plant:Hydrocotyle asiatica -PWMP *paŋgaga a flowering plant:Ixora spp. -PPH *santán a fruit-bearing plant:Pisonia umbellifera -PMP *añuliŋ a lily-like plant:Crinum asiaticum L. -PAN *bakuŋ₁ a pandanus,Pandanus odoratissimus; a mat made from the leaves of this plant -POC *kiRe a plant in the banana family, probablyMusa textilis -PPH *qaRutay a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -POC *punat a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PMP *bunat a plant with flowers the shape of a dog's tail, used to treat abscesses -PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu a plant with medicinal value, probablyBlumea spp. -PPH *qalibun a plant with root used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PWMP *tub(e)liq a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah a plant with toxic properties,Erioglossum edule orLepisanthes rubiginosa -PWMP *kalayu a plant yielding useful fibers:Thespesia populnea -PMP *balu₁ a plant,Leea spp. -PMP *mali-mali a plant,Phragmites spp. -PAN *qaReNu a plant,Solanum spp. -PPH *sili-sili a plant, sesame:Sesamum indicum -PAN-F *Samud a plant, the bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting:Maranta dichotoma -PWMP *banban a plant:Acalypha spp. -PPH *abilus a plant:Amorphophallus sp. -PWMP *bagaŋ a plant:Aralia decaisneana (Hance) -PAN-F *tanaq a plant:Astronia spp., Melastomataceae -PPH *tuŋaw₂ a plant:Begonia aptera (Hay) -PAN-F *qanus₁ a plant:Bixa orellana -PWMP *galugaʔ a plant:Calamus spp. -PWMP *zariaŋaw a plant:Cassia sp. -PWMP *asuntiŋ a plant:Erechtites spp. -PAN-F *Sina a plant:Falcataria Moluccana -POC *pail a plant:Falcataria Moluccana -PCEMP *bail a plant:Glochidion spp. -PPH *anam a plant:Guettarda speciosa -POC *pwano-pwano a plant:Heliconia spp. -POC *paqo a plant:Impatiens balsamina -PPH *kamantigi a plant:Ixora sp. -PWMP *tabuŋ a plant:Kleinhovia hospita -POC *pau a plant:Lactuca indica Linn., andSonchus oleraceus Linn. -PAN-F *Samaq a plant:Leea spp. -PMP *mali a plant:Litsea cubeba (Lour.) -PAN-F *maqaw a plant:Lunasia amara -PPh *paqit-an a plant:Pipturus argenteus -PMP *adamay a plant:Rhus semialata -PAN-F *beRuS a plant:Sambucus formosana -PAN *Nayad a plant:Sesbania grandiflora -PPH *katúday a plant:Solanum nigrum -PMP *hameti a plant:Solanum nigrum -PAN *SameCi a plant:Urena lobata -PAN *puluC a plant:Wrightia spp. -PWMP *bitaqus a plant:Alpinia galanga -PWMP *laŋkuas a seaside plant:Wedelia biflora -PWMP *sarunay a small stinging plant, perhapsLaportea interrupta -POC *karat₂ a strongly-scented plant:Ocimum sanctum L. -PWMP *kamaŋi a woody plant or tree:Vitex cofassus -POC *pasa(rR) abaca fiber; fiber-yielding plant; kind of tree with bark that yields a vine-like fiber -PPH *lánut able to plant or bury -PWMP *ma-tanem an edible plant, swamp cabbage:Ipomoea aquatica -PPH *taŋkuŋ an edible plant:Amaranthus spinosus -PWMP *bayaŋ any plant with hairs that sting or cause itchiness -PWMP *amiaŋ body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants -POC *pulu₃ body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁ body hair; fur; feather; down; floss on plant stems; color; type, kind -PMP *bulu₁ bundle of thread or plant fibers -PPH *lábag child, offspring; son, daughter; brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking); young animal or plant; young; small (for its kind); dependent or component part of something larger; native, resident, inhabitant; interest on a loan -PMP *anak covering membrane of plants - *(noise) cut down small plants to clear a way -PWMP *takebas dibble, plant seeds with a dibble stick -PMP *hasek₁ dried up, wilted, of plants -PPH *lanét drive in, as a stake; to plant (crops) -PCEMP *pasekₐ edible sea animal or plant -PWMP *gamet eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata flattened, as plants to the ground -PMP *hapiq food plant - *(noise) ghost, ancestral spirit; nature spirit; corpse; owl; various plants -PMP *qanitu ginger plant with fragrant white flower -PPH *kamiá grave; to bury; to plant -PMP *tanem hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -POC *bulut₂ hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -PMP *bulut₁ hairy; hair-like growths; plants with hair-like growths -PMP *bulu bulu heart of a person or animal; purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant -PMP *pusuq₁ hemp plant; hemp -PAN-F *keRiw indigo plant and dye:Indigofera suffruticosa (Mill.) andIndigofera tinctoria L. -PMP *taRum kind of medicinal plant -PWMP *suma kind of plant, unident. -PWMP *kalamuntiŋ kind of reed-like plant (?) -PMP *kasaw₂ malodorous insect that damages rice plants -PWMP *tanaŋaw mortar or gin for crushing plant material -PPH *lubaŋ₃ offshoot shoot of a plant - *(loan) outer layer of abaca plant -PPH *lupis₂ parasitic plant sp. -PAN *lukuC pith of plants or trees; core or middle of something -PMP *qunej plant fiber; coconut husk, fibers of areca nuts, fibers covering mango seeds, etc. -PWMP *sabut plant fibers -PMP *Runut plant from which a dyestuff is obtained -PWMP *gamat plant in holes in the ground -POC *asok plant seed by sprinkling in dibble holes -PWMP *maŋ-bubud plant shoot -POC *robuŋ plant shoot -PAN *Supiq plant shoot, sprout -PWMP *taruk plant shoot, sprout, cutting -PMP *suli₁ plant shoot. esp. bamboo shoot -PMP *rebuŋ plant sp. -PWMP *taRabas plant sp. -PWMP *tanduk tanduk plant sp. -PWMP *tali tali plant sp. -PWMP *rambayuŋ plant sp. -PMP *lumbu plant sp. -PWMP *lambayuŋ plant sp. -PWMP *katud plant sp. -PWMP *kasep plant sp. - *(loan) plant sp. - *(noise) plant sp. (?) -PWMP *dilaq-dilaq plant sp. (lit. crocodile tongue) -PWMP *dilaq ni buqaya plant sp.:Diospyros discolor -PAN *kamaya plant sp.:Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets -PMP *niniq₁ plant sprout -PAN *Cubuq plant used as fish poison -POC *(bp)una plant used for perfuming the body -POC *bubu₃ plant with leaves used as a vegetable:Talinum paniculatum orTalinum triangulare -PPH *talínum plant with sharp leaves -PWMP *aqedas rice in the field; rice plant -PAN *pajay root plant in the ginger family -PWMP *temu₃ safflower,Carthamus tinctorius - *(loan) sap of a tree or plant -PAN *Niteq sap of a tree or plant -PMP *liteq small sour plant with clover-like leaves -PWMP *qalesem qalesem small, wild herbaceous plants; scrub-land, bush -PMP *qutan snake venom; plant poison used on tips of arrows -PPH *dítaq soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant -PMP *sumaŋed soul of the rice plant -PMP *sumaŋet nu pajay spine on fish or plant -PWMP *siqit sprout, plant shoot -PWMP *tunas sprout, plant, shoot - *(noise) sprouting tip of a plant -PWMP *pucuk stalk or stem of a plant -PMP *paqa₂ stem of a plant, stalk -POC *take₁ stem of a plant, stalk -PMP *taŋkay stem, stalk of a plant -PWMP *tampuk₃ the castor bean plant:Ricinus communis L. -PPH *katana the castor oil plant:Ricinis communis -PWMP *taŋan-taŋan tip or shoot of growing plant -PPH *ugbús to bury, to plant -PWMP *maR-tanem to bury, to plant -PPH *i-tanem to bury; to plant -PWMP *ma-nanem to bury; to plant -POC *tanom to dibble, plant seeds with a dibble stick -PWMP *maŋ-hasek₁ to flourish, of plants -PPH *lagúq to plant -PWMP *suan to plant -PAN *t<um>anem to plant -PAN *mula to plant (crops) -POC *pasok to plant cuttings or transplant seedlings -PPH *rubaŋ to plant on or in -PMP *tanem-i to plant root crops, plant cuttings -PPH *lubaŋ₂ to plant seeds by dibbling -PPH *hesek₁ to plant yams -POC *pasi to plant, bury -POC *tanum₂ to stun fish with plant poison -PWMP *tuba-en to stun fish with plant poison -PAN *t<um>uba to stun fish with plant poisons -PMP *pa-tuba to stupefy fish with natural plant poisons -PWMP *ma-nuba to sway back and forth, as plant stems in the wind -PWMP *liŋgaŋ to wash rice or plants preparatory to cooking -PPH *unab to wilt, wither, droop, as plants; dangling, hanging loosely -PPH *layláy tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ trellis for plants to grow up -PWMP *paraq paraq various plants, etc. with a bad smell -PWMP *qetut qetut young plant shoot -PMP *taluk young, immature, primarily of plants -PPH *ma-ŋuhed young, immature, primarily of plants -PPH *ŋuhed young, of plants -PMP *ŋuda plantain banana or plantain sp. -PMP *susu large cooking banana or plantain variety -PPH *tinduk plant: black nightshade plant: black nightshade,Solanum nigrum - *(near) plant chewed with betel plant chewed with betel that invigorates - *(loan) planted area that is planted(?) -PAN *tanem-an area that is planted(?) -PAN *ka-tanem-an enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field -PMP *pager what has been planted (?) -PWMP *t<in>anem what is buried or planted -PAN *CaNem-en planting ceremony at planting to insure the well-being of the crops -PWMP *buhat₁ clear forest for planting - *(noise) clearing of a garden for planting (?) -POC *sani end of tuber that is kept for planting -PEMP *upe seed set aside for the next planting -PAN *bineSiq seed set aside for the next planting (esp. rice) -PMP *binehiq sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts; digging stick, coconut husking stick -POC *kojom to cut grass or weeds, as in preparing a field for planting -PPH *sipsíp to prepare yams for planting -POC *sopu trample earth, turn into mud, as a paddy field prior to planting -PWMP *lucak turn the soil over, as in removing stones prior to planting -PWMP *suŋkal plant:Leucaena leucocephala plant:Leucaena leucocephala - *(loan) plant shoot young leaf, plant shoot - *(loan) plant sp. plant sp., turmeric,Curcuma longa - *(loan) plant: Spilanthes spp. plant: Spilanthes spp. - *(loan) plaster glue, paste, plaster, caulk -PMP *dalit₁ to plaster over something -PWMP *pulpul₂ plastron plastron, turtle shell -PPH *karáy Platax batfish:Platax spp. -PMP *buna batfish:Platax spp. -PMP *bunaR plate dish, plate -PAN-F *piad plate dish - *(loan) plate, dish - *(loan) platform bamboo matting or platform -PWMP *lantay bamboo platform, shelf -PPH *papag heap, pile; elevated platform used as a look-out -PWMP *paŋguŋ pair of boats joined by a connecting platform -PWMP *banduŋ platform -POC *pala₁ platform - *(loan) platform - *(loan) sleeping platform -PWMP *paŋgaw play play - *(near) play a flute -PWMP *ma-nurali play games -PWMP *sulaʔ to knock on something, play a musical instrument -PPH *tugtug-én to play, to frolic -PPH *dagaw to play; plaything, toy; pet -PWMP *qayam₃ played game played with thrown reeds -POC *tika playing playing cards - *(loan) playing of gongs -PPH *basal plaything to play; plaything, toy; pet -PWMP *qayam₃ pleasant fragrance, pleasant odor -PPH *baŋ(e)lúh fragrance, pleasant odor or smell -PMP *beŋi good, kind, pleasant -PWMP *bait₁ pleasant, agreeable - *(loan) pleasant, agreeable; tasty, delicious -PWMP *sedep₂ Plectorhinchus a fish, the banded sweetlips,Plectorhinchus spp. -POC *lau pledge oath, pledge; curse -PWMP *sapaq₂ oath, pledge; curse -PWMP *sumpaq pledge, pawn - *(loan) vow, pledge - *(noise) pledged engaged, pledged to be married -PWMP *tunaŋ pawned, pledged in place of something else -PWMP *sanda Pleiades a constellation: the Pleiades -POC *punuq₂ a constellation: the Pleiades -PCEMP *bunuq₁ a constellation: the Pleiades -PAN *buNuq₁ a constellation: the Pleiades -POC *puluq₂ a constellation: the Pleiades -PMP *buluq₁ a constellation: the Seven Sisters, Pleiades -PWMP *pariama the Pleiades (= 'seven stars') -PMP *bituqen pitu plentifully satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating); fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food -POC *masuR plenty many, much, plenty -PAN *Sadu much, many, plenty -PMP *hadu pliable soft, pliable -PCEMP *malua plop pop!, plop!, splash! -PMP *puk₂ plot plot evil - *(noise) plough harrow, plough - *(loan) plough -PAN-F *tabi plover kind of plover and its cry -POC *kekekeke Plover shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover -POC *kiwiwi plover sp. sandpiper sp., plover sp. - *(near) plow plow - *(loan) pluck pick, pluck (as fruit) -PMP *puqpuq₁ pick, pluck (as fruit) -PMP *pupu₁ pick, pluck, break off -PMP *ketuq pinch, nip, pluck -PMP *kinit pinch, squeeze, press between two surfaces; pluck, pick off -PAN *pitpit₂ pluck - *(noise) pluck (as fruit) - *(noise) pluck (as fruit), strip off (as leaves) -POC *puput pluck out -PWMP *Ranebut pluck out -PWMP *ranebut pluck, as fruit -PPh *bujas pluck, pull out -PMP *gutgut₂ pluck, pull out -PMP *ubut pluck, pull out -PWMP *zutzut pluck, pull out -POC *rurut pluck, pull out -PAN *ubuC pluck, pull out -PMP *Radut pluck, pull out -PAN *guCguC₁ pluck, pull out -PMP *dutdut pluck, pull up (as weeds) -PMP *hebut pluck, pull up (as weeds) -PAN *SebuC pluck, uproot -PMP *paRut pull out, uproot (as plants); pluck (as hair or feathers) -POC *puput-i pull out, uproot, pluck -PMP *butbut-i pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) -PMP *butbut₂ pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) -PAN *buCbuC to pick, pluck fruit -PWMP *putik₂ to pluck, as fruit -PPh *maŋ-bujas to pluck, as fruit; strip off leaves -PWMP *pulpul₁ to pluck, pull out -PAN *putput₁ to pluck, pull out, uproot -PWMP *maŋ-butbut to weed, pluck, pull out - *-buC(root) uproot, pluck, pull out - *-dut(root) plucked be pulled out, be plucked; what is pulled or plucked out -PPh *butbut-en plucky brave, plucky -PMP *gagar plug cork, stopper, plug -POC *joŋjoŋ cork, stopper, plug -PAN *seŋseŋ ear plug, roll of leaves, etc. inserted through pierced ear -PWMP *subeŋ insert, plug -PMP *suled insert, plug -PMP *sulen insert, plug -PAN *suleN plug or dam up -PWMP *tampeŋ plug up, dam; cover - *-peŋ(root) plug up, stop something up, as with a cork -PWMP *suŋsuŋ₂ plug, obstruct -PMP *umpaŋ plug, stop up -PWMP *lepet₁ plug, stopper, cork -PWMP *sumbad plug, stopper; to cram - *-pel(root) stopper, plug, cork -PWMP *sumpel to insert, plug something in -PPH *i-saksák to plug, put a stopper in a hole -PWMP *seŋseŋ-en plugged blocked, plugged, dammed; mute, unable to speak -PWMP *beŋbeŋ dull, blunt; blocked, plugged; stupid -PCEMP *bebel dull, blunt; blocked, plugged; stupid -PMP *belbel₁ plugged, stopped, blocked -PMP *ka(m)pet plugged, stopped, closed off - *-pet(root) stopped up, plugged -POC *bonor₂ stopped up, plugged -PMP *pened₁ plum a tree and its fruit, the Java plum:Syzygium cumini -PPH *luŋ(e)búy plumage small bird with shiny black plumage: drongo -PWMP *cawi plunder rob, plunder -PWMP *Rampas to plunder, rob -PMP *raŋ(e)pas plunge plunge, dive into -PPH *tapuák to plunge, dive into water -PWMP *sesed plural 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.) -PMP *aten 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.) -PAN *iten genitive of plural personal names -PAN *na₃ locative case marker for plural personal names -PMP *daₐ nominative case marker for plural personal names -PAN *sa₁ oblique case marker for plural personal names -PAN *ka₃ plural marker - *(noise) plurality prenominal marker of plurality -PMP *maŋa₁ netbag, sack, pocket -POC *taŋa₂ pocket - *(loan) Pogostemon kind of aromatic herb:Pogostemon cablin -PPH *kab(e)liŋ point a long slender point, as of land jutting into the sea -PPH *ráwis barb, point; canine tooth? -PAN-F *waqit corner, edge, point -PCEMP *buu₃ eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata eye, focal point, center or most prominent part -PAN *maCa obsidian spear point (?) -POC *koto point at, aim for; intend to do something; do something intentionally -PPH *tuyuq point at, point out -PMP *tuzuk point of an arrow -POC *mata ni panaq point of an arrow -PMP *mata nu panaq point of the compass, direction -POC *mata ni aŋin point of the compass, direction of the wind -PMP *mata nu haŋin point out directions - *(noise) point, tip - *(noise) rising to a point - *(noise) sharp point; to whet, -PMP *tazim sharpen to a point - *(noise) sharpened blade or point -PMP *tazem spread wide apart, as the legs or any two things joined at a point -PMP *pikaŋ tapering, attenuating to a point -PWMP *tirus to point at, indicate -PMP *tusiq to point at, indicate; teach, instruct -PWMP *i-tuzuq to point at, point out, lecture or instruct, give advice -PAN *t<um>uzuq to point at, point out, show by pointing -PWMP *ma-nuzuq to point at, point out; give directions -POC *tusuq to point at, point out; give directions -PAN *tuzuq₁ to point out -PAN *tudiŋ to point out, give directions (?) -PAN *pa-tuzuq to point out, instruct -PMP *tuzuq₂ to point out, show, teach -POC *akot to point, indicate; teach, instruct -PMP *tuzuq-i to point, indicate; to point out, instruct -PPh *tulduq point; direction point; direction - *(loan) pointed be pointed at, be pointed out -PAN *tuzuq-en pointed - *(loan) pointed or prominent, of the nose -PPH *táŋus prick or poke with a pointed object -PWMP *tulesuk sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts; digging stick, coconut husking stick -POC *kojom skewer, pointed stick -PWMP *sulah thing pointed out, shown, or taught -PWMP *ka-tuzuq-an was pointed out (?) -PWMP *t<in>uzuq pointed implement pointed implement - *(loan) pointer pointer, index finger -PWMP *tu-tuzuq pointing keep pointing at -PMP *tuzu-tuzuq to point at, point out, show by pointing -PWMP *ma-nuzuq poison a tree:Antiaris toxicaria; poison for blowpipe darts made from the sap of this tree -PWMP *qipuq fish poison:Derris spp. -POC *tupa₂ plant used as fish poison -POC *(bp)una poison -PPH *gamut poison -PWMP *hilu poison - *(loan) poison, venom of a snake -PMP *upas₁ snake venom; plant poison used on tips of arrows -PPH *dítaq tasteless; neutralize something efficacious, as an antidote for poison -PWMP *tawaR₁ to poison -PPH *gamut-en to stun fish with plant poison -PWMP *tuba-en to stun fish with plant poison -PAN *t<um>uba to stun fish with plant poisons -PMP *pa-tuba to stupefy fish with natural plant poisons -PWMP *ma-nuba venom, poison -PPH *dalit₃ vine from which poison is obtained -PWMP *ziteq poisoned was poisoned byDerris root -PWMP *t<in>uba poisonous bitter, poisonous -POC *ŋaŋa₁ fish with poisonous dorsal spines -POC *lopu fish with poisonous dorsal spines -PMP *lepuq₂ fish with poisonous dorsal spines -POC *lopu fish with poisonous dorsal spines -PMP *lepu poisonous -PWMP *ma-hilu poisonous arthropod -PPh *átaŋ átaŋ tree sp. with poisonous sap -PPH *dayaŋdáŋ tree with poisonous sap -PWMP *iŋas tree with poisonous sap -PMP *butaq₂ tree with poisonous sap, (probablyAntiaris toxicaria) -PMP *laji₁ venom of a poisonous snake or insect -PPH *kamandag poisonous insect or snake poisonous insect or snake - *(near) poke poke, as with finger -PPH *tundek poke, prod with the tip of something -PWMP *suŋkul poke, prod, peck -PMP *tukik prick or poke with a pointed object -PWMP *tulesuk to poke into, pierce, insert -PWMP *ma-ñuksuk poked to be elbowed, nudged or poked with an elbow -PWMP *siku-en poking clatter of a stick poking around in something -PWMP *degaq pole bamboo punting pole; to pole a boat in shallow water -POC *tokon carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PPh *bulig-an carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PWMP *bulig carry on a shoulder pole -PWMP *taŋguŋ carry on a shoulder pole between two people -PWMP *ataŋ₂ downward pressure; bamboo punting pole -PMP *teken mast, pole - *(loan) pick or knock down fruit with a pole -PMP *su(ŋ)kit pole, mast - *(noise) rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed -PMP *kasaw₁ shoulder pole; carry with a shoulder pole -PAN *pasaqaN suspend from poles - *(noise) to carry on a shoulder pole -PCMP *lemba to pick, as fruit from a tree using a pole with a hook -PPH *su(ŋ)kit-en poled be poled forward, of a boat in shallow water -PWMP *teken-en push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak polish kind of brush made from coconut husk, used to scrub or polish a surface or to treat threads before weaving -PWMP *sikat shine, polish -PWMP *sinaw polite polite term of address to an older woman (?) -PPH *úyaŋ respectful, polite -PPH *ma-gálaŋ politely to address a younger woman politely -PPH *uyáŋ-en polluted defiled, ritually polluted, ceremonially unclean - *(loan) Polyporus bracket fungus,Polyporus spp. -PMP *kulat₂ bracket fungus,Polyporus spp. -PAN *kulaC polysperma a tree:Shorea polysperma -PPH *taŋíliq polywog tadpole, polywog -PAN *qulu-qulu pomegranate pomegranate:Punica granatum L. - *(loan) pomelo a citrus fruit, the pomelo -PPH *luk(e)bán a fruit tree, the pomelo:Citrus decumana -PPH *suháq citrus fruit, pomelo - *(near) Pometia kind of fruit tree:Pometia pinnata -PMP *tawan pond deep pool or pond -PAN-F *waCaN pond - *(loan) pond, pool; lagoon -PPH *lebeŋ₂ small pond(?) -PAN-F *waCa-waCaN ponder think, ponder, brood; remember - *-dem₂(root) think, ponder, brood;-remember - *-nem₂(root) think, ponder; brood -PWMP *qendem to think, ponder -POC *kana-kana Pongamia a tree:Pongamia spp. -PPH *bani₂ coastal tree, perhapsPongamia pinnata -POC *pesi pool deep place in river; pool of water left when a stream dries up -PPH *lib(e)túŋ deep pool or pond -PAN-F *waCaN pond, pool; lagoon -PPH *lebeŋ₂ pool, deep place in water; swamp -PCMP *tibu₁ pool of water mud puddle, pool of water - *(near) puddle, pool of water - *(near) poor ignorant, uneducated; poor - *(loan) poor - *(noise) poor, needy -PPH *lised poor, of vision -PWMP *radam run out, come to an end, of supplies; be poor -PMP *kabus₁ pop knock; pop, burst -PWMP *pe(R)tak pop!, plop!, splash! -PMP *puk₂ popped popped rice -PWMP *Retiq popped rice -PWMP *retiq popped rice, roasted rice -PWMP *beRtiq roasted rice, popped rice -PPh *butíq popping bang! loud popping sound -PMP *paŋ make a popping sound -PMP *epuk make a thudding or popping sound -PWMP *lagetub₁ popping or knocking sound -PWMP *lagetuk populnea a plant yielding useful fibers:Thespesia populnea -PMP *balu₁ the Indian tulip tree:Thespesia populnea -PMP *banaRu porcelain porcelain, chinaware - *(loan) porcupine porcupine -PWMP *landak porcupine fish -PMP *taRutum porcupine fish, puffer fish,Diodon sp. -PMP *taRutuŋ porcupinefish pufferfish, porcupinefish -POC *potok pork pork, flesh of a pig -PPH *lamán porous kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth -POC *buŋa₃ porridge rice gruel; rice porridge; to mix - *-buR₁(root) rice porridge -PPH *l<in>ugaw rice porridge -PPH *lúgaw rice porridge -PPh *b<in>uRbuR rice porridge, rice gruel -PMP *buRbuR₁ to make into gruel, rice porridge -PPH *lugaw-en portable stove portable stove - *(loan) portion divide, share; portion (as of food) -POC *boi₁ share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property -PMP *baqagi to divide into shares, give out portions -PPH *hátaR position for force something open or out of its position -PPH *tu(ŋ)kab-án in a resting position -PPH *lupasáy rank, position - *(loan) to remove something from an attached position -PPH *úkit wake someone, rouse someone from sleep; erect something, put something in an upright position -PMP *baŋun₂ positioned walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PWMP *aRak-aRak walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PWMP *maŋ-aRak walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PMP *aRak possessed 3sg. possessor of inalienable possessed nouns -POC *-ña possession classifier for edible possession -POC *kana- genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni goods, belongings, things, possessions - *(loan) prefix marking possession of some object -PAN *mi- share the possession of something with someone else; co-wife (?) -PWMP *duha-i sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc. -PPH *sikát wealth, possessions - *(loan) possessive 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.) -PMP *aten 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.) -PAN *iten 1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our -PAN *ata 1pl. incl. possessive suffix -POC *-da₂ 1pl. incl. subject prefix and possessive suffix; we (incl.); our (incl.) -POC *da₂ 1sg possessive pronoun; my -POC *-gu possessive marker used with inalienable pronouns -POC *o₂ preposition with locative and possessive functions -PCEMP *ta₁ possessor 2sg possessor and non-subject agent -PAN *-nu₂ 2sg. agent/possessor -PAN *Suʔu 2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb -PMP *-mu 3sg. agent/possessor -PAN *ni-a 3sg. possessor of inalienable possessed nouns -POC *-ña owner, possessor -PWMP *empu-ni-a possible formal gathering, as of chiefs, with possible connections to announcing temporary taboos -POC *ponor spy, scout, one who looks for possible danger ahead -PMP *mata-mata possibly a tree:Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut:Inocarpus edulis -PMP *gayam a vine, possibly arrowroot; famine food -PPH *baháy bivalve mollusc, possiblyPinna sp. -POC *sapulu cave, cavern, possibly submarine -PWMP *lubuk₁ dark hue, possibly dark red -POC *piRiŋ dark hue, possibly dark red -PMP *biRiŋ₁ dark hue, possibly dark red -PMP *biReŋ father's sister, possibly address term -PMP *ema-q father's sister, possibly address term -PMP *ema₁ fish sp., possibly murrel -PWMP *buzuk grandparent, possibly vocative -PMP *pa-ampu kind of shore bird, possibly snipe -POC *pwipipi kind of snake, possibly cobra -PWMP *teduŋ₂ kind of sour edible fruit, possibly fruit of rattan -PWMP *libas₁ kind of wild lemon tree, possiblyCitrus hystrix -PPH *kabuRaw maybe, perhaps, possibly -PPH *bakáq parrot sp., possibly Eclectus parrot -POC *kiRak part of the lower leg, possibly the ankle -PWMP *beŋil sharp-pointed object, possibly sea urchin -PEMP *sala small dark surgeonfish, possiblyCtenochaetus -POC *bolo bolo type of boat, possibly dugout with outrigger -PWMP *bilug type of shell, possibly nautilus -POC *bio post center post, main housepost -PCEMP *hadiRi bubuŋ-an drive in stakes or posts -PMP *esek₂ drive in stakes or posts -PAN *hesek₂ post, pillar -POC *tura post, pillar - *(loan) post, stake, pillar -PPH *tendek₁ prop, post -PAN *tuku₁ stake, free-standing post -PMP *turus stake, post -POC *turus posterior back, posterior part -POC *muru buttocks, posterior -PMP *ubet rear end, posterior - *(loan) postpone put off, delay, postpone, break one’s promise -PPH *liwag postposition postposition of location or direction -POC *solo₁ posture to walk past in a stooping posture -POC *roko-roko postverbal postverbal interrogative particle -PWMP *ba₅ pot burnt food which adheres to the pot -PMP *epit₁ burnt food which adheres to the pot -PMP *epiq burnt rice which adheres to the pot -PWMP *etip clay cooking pot -PAN *kudeŋ clay cooking pot -PMP *kudin clay cooking pot -PAN *kuden clay cooking pot -PWMP *kurin coiled base on which cooking pots are set or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *riken coiled base on which cooking pots are set, or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *Riken coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *reken coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *Reken earthenware cooking pot -PAN *pariuk hard crust of rice that adheres to the bottom of the cooking pot -PPh *itíp pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc. -PPH *dikén shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan -PAN *balaŋa trivet, arrangement of three stones on which the cooking pot is placed -PMP *dalikan water pot - *(loan) potato potato yam, aerial yam:Dioscorea bulbifera -POC *pwatika potential spoiled, gone to waste; never realized, of potential for fertility -PPH *báqug verbal prefix marking potential action or ability to do something -PWMP *maka- pothole pothole, hole in road - *(loan) potion give a love potion to someone -PPH *lumay-en potsherd broken bit of pottery, potsherd -PWMP *biqbiq₁ potsherd -PWMP *bika potsherd used as a frying pan -POC *palaŋa pottery broken bit of pottery, potsherd -PWMP *biqbiq₁ pouch basket pouch - *(noise) carrying pouch or small basket -PWMP *uyut₁ plaited palm leaf bag or pouch -PWMP *kampil pouch (?) -PPH *súput small bag, pouch -PWMP *pu(n)tir poultices kind of tree the leaves of which are used as poultices for boils -PMP *buqaR pound beat, pound -PWMP *seqseq beat, pound -PAN *CelCel beat, pound - *(noise) beat, pound, bump, thump -PAN *tutuh beat, pound, hit -PAN *CegCeg beat, pound; sound of rhythmic pounding -PMP *tugtug₂ clap, slap, pound -PWMP *upuk for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound -PPH *kebá hit, pound on -PMP *tambak₁ hit, pound, beat -PMP *bukbuk₂ hit, pound, chop -PMP *retuk knock, pound on -PWMP *getuk knock, pound, as with a hammer -PWMP *tabak₁ knock, pound, beat -POC *rabuk knock, pound, beat -PMP *rambuk knock, pound, beat -PWMP *tugtug knock, pound, beat -PMP *ra(m)buk knock, pound, beat -PMP *lambuk knock, pound, beat -PMP *tegteg knock, pound, beat -POC *putuk knock, pound, beat -PMP *butuk knock, pound, beat - *-Cuk (or *-Cuquk?)(root) knock, pound, beat - *-tuk₂ (or *-tuquk?)(root) knock, pound, thud -PMP *etuk pound -PCEMP *dədək pound in a mortar -PWMP *lumpaŋ pound into fine particles -PWMP *maŋ-bekbek pound on, hit, beat, or crush -PWMP *pilpil pound rice in tandem -PPh *maR-qasúd pound rice in tandem -PPh *qasúd pound together, place of pounding together -PPh *qasud-án pound, beat -PMP *dabuk₁ pound, hit - *-tug(root) pound, throb -PAN *tibuk pound, thud -PWMP *lebak₁ pound, thud -PWMP *debak pound, thud, heavy splash - *-buk₂(root) punch, hit, pound -PMP *tumbuk strike from above, pound -POC *qatu thing used to knock or pound -PWMP *p<um>ekpek to beat or pound -PWMP *ma-mekpek to beat, pound -PWMP *ma-nutu to beat, pound on -PAN *CegCeg to hammer, pound (something) -PMP *tuktuk-i to hammer, pound, beat -PAN *pukpuk to hammer, pound, crush -PAN *tuqtuq to hammer, pound, hit -PAN *palu₃ to hit, pound, rap on something -PWMP *latuk to knock, pound -PWMP *kutuk₂ to knock, pound -PMP *ketuk to knock, pound, beat -PWMP *ma-nuktuk to knock, pound, beat -POC *tutuk₂ to knock, pound, beat; crush -PAN *tuktuk₃ to pound (rice, etc.) in a mortar -PPh *lebék to pound into powder, as grain -PWMP *ledek to pound repeatedly, crush -PPH *dukduk₂ to pound rice -PWMP *la(m)buk to pound rice -PAN *bayu to pound with a pestle -PMP *lubuk₂ to pound, as rice -PWMP *tebuk₁ to pound, crush by pounding -PWMP *seseg to pound, of the pulse -PWMP *embut to pound, thud -PWMP *lebuk poundbeat to hack, chop off, trim with a bolo; pound,beat, knock on -PWMP *tabtab₁ pounded a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah delicacy of pounded foods - *(noise) kind of ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish:Diospyros spp. -PPH *kanúmay pounded rice -PPh *b<in>eRas pounded taro with coconut cream -POC *moñak₁ pulverized, pounded fine - *-dek₂(root) to be pounded, struck with force -PWMP *tutu-en pounding beat, pound; sound of rhythmic pounding -PMP *tugtug₂ fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁ hammer, mallet, instrument for pounding or hammering -PAN *palu-palu loosen by pounding -PWMP *taltal₁ pound together, place of pounding together -PPh *qasud-án pulverize, crush by pounding -PMP *dekdek second pounding of rice -PPH *deR(e)qas sound of breaking or pounding -PWMP *lutuk₂ sound of grating, rain pounding, etc. -PPH *kaRitkit sound of heavy clapping or pounding, smacking sound -PAN *bakbak₂ sound of pounding or knocking -POC *pupuk₁ to pound, crush by pounding -PWMP *seseg wash clothes by pounding on river rocks -PPH *piqpiq pour decant, pour liquid out for drinking -PPH *tíqiŋ drip or pour out -POC *pupus-a give off smoke continuously, pour out smoke -PMP *qasu qasu leak, pour out; loose or crumbling; crumble and fall -POC *pupus pour -PMP *iliŋ₁ pour from one vessel into another; translate, interpret -PWMP *salin pour out, of liquids -PWMP *buhus pour water on -PWMP *ma-nanum pour water on; to douse (as a fire) -POC *puqi puqi pour water on; to douse (as a fire) -PCEMP *buqi₂ pour, pour out, as water or grain from a container -PMP *buqbuq pour, sprinkle -PWMP *bujbuj stream, pour - *(noise) to pour -PCEMP *liŋi to pour out (possibly only solids) -PPH *bukbuk₄ to pour out contents (of solids?) -PPH *i-bukbuk to pour out, tilt to pour -PWMP *tuaŋ₁ to pour, of heavy rain -PAN-F *salaw to spill out, pour out -PWMP *tumpaq to spill, pour out -PPH *tik(e)buq poured place into which something is poured -PPh *buqbuq-an poverty poverty - *(noise) powder ash, cinder, powder -PAN *qabu ash, hearth, cinder, powder, dust; gray -PMP *qabu crush to powder -PWMP *maŋ-bukbuk crush, pulverize; powder - *-mek(root) crush, pulverize; powder - *-muk(root) decay, crumble; powder - *-buk₁(root) decay, crumble; sound of breaking; powder - *-pek (or *-peqek?)(root) decaying wood; dust, powder -PMP *Rabuk dust, powder -PMP *ebuk fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁ grind to a powder, pulverize -PWMP *begbeg powder -PWMP *purpur powder, face powder - *(loan) to pound into powder, as grain -PWMP *ledek to powder, put powder on someone -PWMP *ma-murpur powdery powdery substance -PPH *budbud₂ powdery substance, dust -PMP *habuk power power force - *(loan) power in natural phenomena; thunder, storm wind -POC *mana₂ power, venom - *(loan) to have spiritual power -POC *mana-mana powerless tasteless, insipid; powerless; antidote, as against snakebite -PWMP *tabaR praise praise - *(loan) to praise someone -PPH *dáyaw to praise, eulogize, honor someone -PWMP *i(n)dan prayer afternoon prayer - *(loan) prayer - *(noise) prayer, worship - *(loan) precatorius a vine and the seeds of its fruit:Abrus precatorius -PWMP *saga precede first, foremost; to precede -POC *muqa precede, go before -PPh *unah-unah precede, go or be first; earlier, former -PMP *unah preceding foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *ma-lebleb foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *lebleb₁ precipice chasm, precipice -PPh *beŋ(e)qáw precipitous aslant, steep, precipitous - *(noise) precise exact, precise -PWMP *tepet₁ exact, precise - *(loan) predatory civet cat and similar small predatory mammals of the familyViverridae -PMP *musaŋ predilection leaning, inclination, predilection - *(loan) preeminent tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ preen delouse; preen the feathers -PWMP *ma-ñiksik delouse; preen the feathers -PWMP *siksik₁ preference was chosen; what was chosen, one’s preference -PWMP *na-piliq prefix 1pl. incl. subject prefix and possessive suffix; we (incl.); our (incl.) -POC *da₂ adjectival prefix -POC *a- adjectival prefix for adjectives of measure -PMP *ha-₁ causative prefix -POC *paka- causative prefix -PAN *pa-₂ derivational prefix, used to form deverbal nouns -PWMP *paR- future prefix -PAN *ma-₂ movement prefix -PAN *mu- nominal prefix marking instruments, or products of an action -PWMP *paŋ- numeral prefix -PCEMP *i₄ numeral prefix, divide into x (x = numeral) -PMP *pa-₁ numeral prefix; cardinal numeral marker -POC *e prefix - *(noise) prefix for ordinal numbers -PAN *Sika- prefix for ordinal numerals -POC *ka- prefix for ordinal numerals -PMP *ika- prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf. prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf. prefix indicating place of origin (for ethnic groups) -PPH *taga- prefix marking possession of some object -PAN *mi- prefix marking spontaneous or involuntary action -PAN *taR- prefix marking spontaneous or involuntary action -PMP *ta-₂ prefix of reciprocal or collective action -PEMP *paRi- prefix of repeated action -PWMP *para- prefix of the *qali, *kali- series -PAN *buli- prefix variant of the *qali/kali- set -PAN *qaCi- reciprocal prefix -PCEMP *paRa- social prefix, indicating action together with another -PPH *maki- stative prefix -PMP *ha-₂ stative prefix -PAN *Sa-₁ stative prefix -PAN *ma-₁ stative prefix marking high degree of some quality; extremely; superlative marker -PPH *ka-₃ variant of the *qali/kali- prefix -PAN *qaNi- verb prefix -PMP *hin- verb prefix -PAN *Sin- verb prefix: third-party causative-command -PPh *ipa- verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice -PAN *Si-₁ verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’ -PMP *i- verbal prefix marking potential action or ability to do something -PWMP *maka- prefixed prefixed to a noun means ‘to get, obtain, collect, gather’ (noun) -PAN *ki- prefix indicating ‘from a place’ prefix indicating 'from a place' - *(loan) pregnancy fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq pregnant bulge, as the belly of a pregnant woman, a hunchback -PPh *buk(e)tút cravings of a pregnant woman -PWMP *ŋidam pregnant -PAN *maliqi pregnant -PPh *ma-buntís pregnant -PPh *buq(e)tis pregnant - *(loan) pregnant - *(noise) pregnant (lit. ‘in the belly') -PMP *tian-an weight, heaviness, weightiness; difficult; pregnant -PMP *beReqat premasticate chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food -PMP *mamaq premasticate food for infant -PMP *paqpaq₁ premasticated chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food -PMP *mamaq premasticated food for infants -POC *meme premasticated food for infants -PMP *maymay prenominal prenominal marker of plurality -PMP *maŋa₁ preparatory scrape, grate, as coconut preparatory to cooking -POC *korit to chop, to mince, as meat, fish or vegetables preparatory to cooking -PWMP *sagsag₂ to wash rice or plants preparatory to cooking -PPH *unab prepare chopping block used to prepare food -PWMP *saŋkalan insert, wedge in; prepare something for use -PWMP *pasaŋ₂ plan something, prepare - *(loan) prepare betel chew with lime -PPh *maR-qapuR prepare the warp threads in weaving -PPH *saud to plan, prepare to do something -PPH *gayák to prepare yams for planting -POC *sopu prepared processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm -PMP *sagu₁ ready, prepared - *(noise) to be laid out after death, prepared for interment -PPH *burul preparing felling of trees, as in preparing a swidden -PWMP *tebeŋ mix foods, as in preparing pig’s fodder -PWMP *bahuR to cut grass or weeds, as in preparing a field for planting -PPH *sipsíp to fell trees, as in preparing a swidden -PWMP *ma-nebeŋ preposition preposition with locative and possessive functions -PCEMP *ta₁ preposition, on, upon; applicative marker -PWMP *aken₂ preposition: at, on, in, to -PMP *ba₃ prepuce prepuce, foreskin; pull back the prepuce -PPH *lusiq presence will; intellect; reasoning, intention, mental presence, mind -PPH *nákem present give, present gifts to; gift -PMP *beRay presenting touching, adjacent, as fighters presenting a united front -PWMP *sundul presently soon, presently; almost -PAN *daNi preservation to smoke fish or meat for preservation -PWMP *man-tapa to smoke fish or meat for preservation -PMP *tapa₁ to smoke fish or meat for preservation -PAN *Capa preserve preserve meat in salt or brine -PAN *baleŋ₂ to pickle, preserve meat or fish -PAN-F *umaS preserved preserved meat -PWMP *pindaŋ preserved meat or fish -PMP *kenas preserved, protected - *(noise) what has been salted; food preserved in salt -PWMP *q<in>asin press bear down, press out, as in defecation or childbirth -PMP *maŋ-qezen crush between weights; press out -PPH *gimpis crush, press in -PMP *picak flatten; press down in order to squeeze in -PWMP *petpet₁ instrument used to press -PWMP *paŋ-hapit pincer of crustaceans; press together, pinch, squeeze -PMP *qipit pincer of crustaceans; tongs; press together, pinch, squeeze -PAN *qipit pinch, press between; fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house -PMP *kapit pinch, squeeze, press -PWMP *zapit pinch, squeeze, press between two surfaces; pluck, pick off -PAN *pitpit₂ pinch, squeeze, press together -PMP *qatip₂ press - *(noise) press between two flat surfaces -PMP *liq(e)pit press between two flat surfaces; to press down, crush -PMP *luqepit press down -PMP *Reneg press down - *(noise) press down hard on something -PPH *mudmúd press down on -PAN *qedet press down, squash -PMP *qeñek press feet against -PPH *sikád-an press in by force -PMP *pucek press in, cram, crowd -PMP *hasek₂ press into -POC *usok press into -PMP *u(n)sek press into, penetrate; enter crouching; drive in stakes -PMP *usuk press together, close tightly -PAN *kupit press together, make compact, as the threads or leaves in weaving -PPH *sensén press together, pack solid -PAN *pedped₁ press together, press between two surfaces -PAN *Sapit press together, press between two surfaces; part of the loom -PMP *hapit press together; pressed together -POC *kobit₁ press together; pressed together -PAN *kepit press together; pressed together; carry under the arm, press between the legs -PMP *kepit press, cram in with force -PWMP *hasek-i press, cram in with force -PWMP *maŋ-hasek₂ press, squeeze together -PWMP *upit press, squeeze together; narrow - *-pit(root) push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad squeeze, press between -PAN *qepit squeeze, press down -PWMP *tepes squeeze, press together -PPH *pekel stuff or press in, be squeezed in -PWMP *qasak stuff or press in, be squeezed in -PWMP *haseg to fold, press -PMP *luqemit to press against, crowd in on -PWMP *sulsul₂ to press down, crush -POC *lupit to press down, press together -PWMP *desek₁ to press into, force or cram in -PWMP *ma-ñeksek to press, knead -POC *lomiq to press, knead -PMP *lemiq₂ to squeeze or press with the hand -PPH *pisel-en to stuff, press in by force -PWMP *maR-seksek to urge, press on insistently -PWMP *perper₂ pressed be pinched, squeezed, or pressed -PAN *pitpit-en press together; pressed together -POC *kobit₁ press together; pressed together -PAN *kepit press together; pressed together; carry under the arm, press between the legs -PMP *kepit resilient, springing back when pressed down -PWMP *endut to carry at the side or on the hip, pressed under the arm -PPH *kilít pressing bearing down, pressing out, as in defecation or childbirth -PMP *qezen pressure downward pressure; bamboo punting pole -PMP *teken split open, burst under pressure -PMP *besiq prestations value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PEMP *poli value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PMP *beli pretend feign, pretend - *(noise) pretend -PWMP *asih asih pretend -PWMP *asih pretext reason, pretext, excuse for doing something -PWMP *dalih-an pretty pretty - *(noise) prevent neck shackle to prevent an animal from passing through fences -PMP *pagal push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad snag, be snagged, caught in something that prevents it from falling -PPH *saq(e)ŋit wedge, shim, piece inserted to prevent movement -PPH *baŋil previous hurt, frightened, or discouraged by previous bad experience -PWMP *zeRa return to its previous condition -PWMP *puliq previously anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place -POC *ai₁ prey bird of prey; to swoop down and seize prey (of raptorial birds) -PPH *daRit for fish to prey on other fish -PPH *hárab₁ paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field -PAN *baŋaw to attack, as an animal attacking its prey -PPH *tekeb₂ to scent, as an animal following prey -PPH *sáŋu to seize prey in the water, as a crocodile -PPH *sa(ŋ)kab to soar, glide, hover, as birds of prey -POC *tapa₃ price price - *(loan) price, worth, cost -PPH *ŋina to bargain, haggle over the price -PWMP *tawaD value, cost, price of something -PWMP *beli-en value, price -POC *pili value, price -PMP *bili value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PEMP *poli value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PMP *beli prick prick or poke with a pointed object -PWMP *tulesuk to prick, pierce -POC *susuk prickly flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa thorny, prickly -PPH *ma-tenek pried be pried open -PPH *tiŋkab-én priest lineage priest (?) -PMP *datu primarily young, immature, primarily of plants -PPH *ma-ŋuhed young, immature, primarily of plants -PPH *ŋuhed primary old, of people; primary forest, old forest -PAN *tuqaS primary forest -PMP *tuqan primary forest, primeval jungle -PMP *halas + "dark" primary forest, virgin jungle (lit. 'big forest') -PWMP *halas Raya prime first of anything; first fruits; prime, new, untainted, virgin -PMP *buŋas first of anything; first fruits; prime, new, untainted, virgin -PWMP *buŋaR new, fresh; recent(ly); youth, bachelor; beautiful, in one's prime -PMP *baqeRu past one’s prime, outdated, obsolete -PPH *laqús primeval primary forest, primeval jungle -PMP *halas + "dark" princess princess, noble woman - *(loan) principal one of the four principal rafters -PPh *paR(e)bu principle living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip trace, track, mark, print (as footprint) -PMP *bekas₃ prior notch, as in a tree that has been cut prior to felling -PWMP *baŋbaŋ₇ trample earth, turn into mud, as a paddy field prior to planting -PWMP *lucak turn the soil over, as in removing stones prior to planting -PWMP *suŋkal prise pry up, prise up -PCMP *uli prisoner prisoner - *(loan) private wash private parts (?) -PWMP *puqpuq₂ probably a bird and its call, probably the tailor bird:Orthotomus atrogularis -PPH *tiwtiw a bird, probably the swamphen -PPH *tiúk a dove: probablyDucula spp. -PMP *baluj a dove: probablyDucula spp. -PAN *baRuj a marine fish, probably the silver bream -PWMP *kapas kapas a marine fish: probably the horse mackerel -PWMP *talaŋ-talaŋ a palm, probablyOncosperma sp. -PMP *qanibuŋ a plant in the banana family, probablyMusa textilis -PPH *qaRutay a plant with medicinal value, probablyBlumea spp. -PPH *qalibun a tree and the tannin that it yields: probablyMacaranga tanarius -PWMP *samak a tree with edible fruit, and medicinal uses, probablyBuchanania arborescens -PMP *balunuR a tree, probablyDipterocarpus spp.; resinous substance obtained from this tree -PWMP *balaw₂ a tree: probablyOctomeles spp. -POC *iRimo a vine with gourd or cucumber-like fruit, probablyLuffa sp. -PPH *kabatíti affinal relative, probably son-in-law and daughter-in-law -PPH *ma-nuRaŋ an evergreen tree, probablyAcacia confusa -PAN-F *tuquN an internal organ, probably spleen or pancreas -PAN *paliq₁ bamboo of very large diameter, probablyDendrocalamus sp. -PAN *betuŋ₁ bamboo,Bambusa spp., probablyBambusa spinosa -PAN *kawayan black ant, probably sugar ant -PWMP *sejem crab taxon, probably a rock crab (Grapsidae) -POC *kape₂ derivational circumfix, probably used to form deverbal nouns of location -PWMP *paR- ... -an edible marine invertebrate - probably sea cucumber -PPh *balát fruit dove, probablyTreron spp. -POC *bune heron, probablyEgretta sp. -POC *kao interrogative; probably 'when?' -PAN *ka-nu₁ join, fasten together, probably lengthwise -PWMP *diq(e)pit kind of marine fish, probably gizzard shad:Anodontostoma spp. -PWMP *kabasi kind of shellfish, probably oyster -PPH *talabá kind of small bird, probably finch or sparrow -PWMP *pipiqit kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy -PMP *paya kind of white bird: probably gull sp. -PMP *kanaway kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp. -POC *kanawe large black ant with painful sting, probably bulldog ant -POC *kadik large fish, probably grouper -POC *kalia large rayfish, probably manta or eagle ray -PMP *paRih manuk mango tree and its fruit, probablyMangifera altissima -PMP *pahuq₁ marine fish, probably snapper sp. -PPH *dapak millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PMP *betem millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PMP *beteŋ₁ millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PAN *beCeŋ one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage -PMP *suku pandanus sp., probablyPandanus conoideus -POC *mwaña parrot, probablyTrichoglossus sp. -POC *pwirip shrill sound of an insect, probably cricket or cicada -PWMP *pispis₂ small tree, probablyMorinda citrifolia Linn. -PPH *apatut soil, probably clay -PAN-F *daRiq soil, probably clay -PAN *daReq taro sp., probablyColocasia antiquorum -PWMP *kaladi to bind, tie tightly, probably of tying one thing which is moveable to another which is fixed -PPH *kedked torch, probably of dried palm frond -PMP *suluq problem to advise, help someone with a problem -PPH *tambaR to explain, elucidate, talk through a problem -PPH *usay proboscis proboscis - *(loan) proceed continue doing something, proceed without stopping -PWMP *tarus processed processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm -PMP *sagu₁ prod poke, prod with the tip of something -PWMP *suŋkul poke, prod, peck -PMP *tukik to prod or knock with the elbow -PWMP *maka-siku to prod or knock with the elbow -PWMP *ka-siku prod into action incite, prod into action - *(loan) produce chirp, tweet, crow, produce sound (of birds) -PMP *huni disease which produces scaly skin: ichthyosis -PWMP *bugis fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin:Tinea flava orPityriasis -PMP *panaw₁ hiccup, produce a sound in the throat -PPH *sin(e)qek produce fruit; produce results -PPh *paŋ-búŋa rattan basket used to carry garden produce, etc. -PWMP *karanzaŋ small bird that produces a deep resounding call -PAN *kukuŋ₁ strike two hard objects together to produce a spark -PPH *piŋkíq to flower, produce fruit -PWMP *maŋ-buŋa produced insect that infests wood and bamboo; dust produced by the boring of this insect -POC *pupuk₂ snap the fingers; the sound produced by snapping the fingers -PWMP *ketik sound produced by an animal; unintelligible muttering of a person -PAN *ŋawŋaw the dye produced from theMorinda citrifolia -POC *kurat weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice; dust produced by the boring of this insect; tooth decay, dental caries -PMP *bukbuk₃ what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding -PPH *g<in>iliŋ work produced by sewing or stitching -PAN *C<in>aqiS product nominal prefix marking instruments, or products of an action -PWMP *paŋ- verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action -PAN *-en proffer proffer, offer -PWMP *e(n)zuk profit profit, gain - *(loan) profit, gain, fortune, luck - *(loan) profusely abundant, growing profusely -PPH *labuŋ drool profusely (?) -PWMP *ibeR ibeR progress to arrest the progress of something by stopping or catching it; to support, keep from falling -PWMP *saŋgaq to progress, push forward -PWMP *su(n)duŋ prohibited forbidden, prohibited, taboo - *(loan) project plan, design, project - *(noise) project above, stick up -PPH *labaw₂ stand out, project - *(loan) to have ‘buck teeth’, project forward, of the teeth -PWMP *suŋar projectile throw at, hit with a projectile -PAN *buNuq₂ prolific fruitful, prolific -PWMP *biak prominent eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata eye, focal point, center or most prominent part -PAN *maCa pointed or prominent, of the nose -PPH *táŋus tendon, ligament; prominent veins -PPH *lítid promiscuous easy, promiscuous (of women) -PWMP *hampaŋ promise fulfill a promise, comply with a wish -PPH *tupád put off, delay, postpone, break one’s promise -PPH *liwag promontory coastal plain, promontory (?) -PCMP *tetun prone lie prone, face down -PWMP *tiŋkeb lie prone, face-down -PWMP *leŋkeb to lie face down, lie prone -PPH *keléb to lie face down, prone -PPH *sakeb to lie prone, face down -PAN *kebkeb₂ pronged forked, pronged -PAN *paŋaq pronoun 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.) -PMP *aten 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.) -PAN *iten 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive) -PAN *k-ami 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive) -PAN *ami 1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun -POC *-da₁ 1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun -PAN *ta-₁ 1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our -PAN *ata 1sg possessive pronoun; my -POC *-gu 2dl. pronoun -POC *koro₁ 2p pronoun: you -PMP *imu 2p pronoun: you -PAN *Simu 2p. pl. pronoun: you -PCEMP *imi 2pl. nominative pronoun -PAN *amu 2pl. personal pronoun, you all -PPH *ka-yú 2sg. personal pronoun: you -PMP *iu₃ 2sg. personal pronoun: you -PAN *iSu 2sg. subject pronoun -PMP *ka₄ 2sg. subject pronoun -PEMP *u₂ 2sg. subject pronoun -PMP *huʔu 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, it -PAN *si ia₁ 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it -PAN *ia₁ demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here; that, there -PAN *si ia₂ demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here; that, there -PMP *ia₂ genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni possessive marker used with inalienable pronouns -POC *o₂ proof proof - *(loan) prop lever; prop -PWMP *tuil prop, post -PAN *tuku₁ prop, support -PWMP *sekad prop, support -PAN *tuked prop, support -PAN *tukud prop, support -PMP *teked prop, support - *-kad(root) prop, support, as the boom of a sail -PWMP *sukuŋ prop, support, boom of a sail - *(loan) prop, support; staff -PWMP *tu(ŋ)kad prop, support; staff - *-ked(root) prop, support; to prop up or support -PAN *suked prop, supporting beam in house -PPH *tukal to prop half-open -PMP *tukaŋ to prop up -PWMP *ma-nuked to prop up, support -PWMP *maR-tuked proper correct, proper -PWMP *tuman proper, fitting, appropriate - *(loan) straight; correct, proper; righteous -POC *tonuq to arrange, make something neat or proper -PPH *áyus properties a plant with toxic properties,Erioglossum edule orLepisanthes rubiginosa -PWMP *kalayu property property - *(loan) share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property -PMP *baqagi to seize property and run off with it; to elope with a single woman -PPH *taŋaR propped be propped open -PWMP *tukaŋ-an to be supported, propped up -PWMP *tuked-en prostitute prostitute -PPH *pampám prostitute, whore - *(loan) protect cover something to protect it or oneself -PPH *salúkub defend, protect one’s interests -PPH *agum-an shelter, protect; shade, shadow - *-duŋ(root) surrround in order to confine or protect -PWMP *kuŋkuŋ₄ to cover, shelter, protect -PWMP *tiduŋ to take care of, protect -PWMP *k<um>upkup protected preserved, protected - *(noise) protection carved wooden figure, charm used to provide magical protection -PMP *uduq₂ head cover, protection from sun or rain -PMP *tuduŋ shelter, cover, protection; shade -PAN *liduŋ protective protective covering or enclosure; mosquito net -PPH *kubuŋ₂ talisman, protective charm - *(loan) protein protein side-dish eaten with rice (typically fish) -PPh *sidáq protracted long, of time; protracted -PPH *lawig protruding protruding part of the lower leg -PPh *buqel protruding, of the bones of a skinny (bony) person -PWMP *ka-tuqela-tuqelaŋ small protruding part - *-til(root) to bend backward, protruding the abdomen -PWMP *liad protuberances have joints, have protuberances -POC *buku-an protuberant protuberant part -POC *putul₂ proud (lit. 'big liver') brave, courageous; proud, arrogant -PMP *X₁ + qatay proud - *(loan) proud, arrogant - *(loan) proud, boast - *-gak₁(root) proud, boastful -PPh *hambúg proud, haughty -PWMP *ambuŋ provide Hibiscus tiliaceus, a tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage; to lash, tie, bind -POC *paRu carved wooden figure, charm used to provide magical protection -PMP *uduq₂ sun hat, used to provide shade -PPH *taduŋ to line, as a shelf or box, provide a lining for -PPH *hapin-an provided however, provided that -PPH *daput provided that, in spite of - *(noise) provided~that origin, cause, provided that - *(loan) provision provisions for a journey -POC *qoso provisions for a journey -PWMP *bekel provisions for a journey -PWMP *balun₂ provisions, food for a journey -POC *tamaji to provision, fill up -PWMP *penpen₁ provoke provoke a fight -PWMP *atis provoke fear (?) -PWMP *pa-nakut to provoke, annoy or irritate -PPH *sugsúg prow face; front; prow of canoe -POC *nago head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu prow of a canoe -PWMP *duluŋ proximal proximal deictic: this -PAN *qani₁ proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now -PAN *-ni this, proximal deictic - *(noise) proximity next to, in close proximity -PPH *sípiŋ prune cut off, prune -PWMP *eteb prune, cut off the tip -PMP *puŋgul prune, cut off the tip -PWMP *puŋgel prune, cut off the tip -PWMP *puŋgal prune, trim - *(loan) prune, trim branches -PWMP *tutuq prune; graze - *-teb(root) to prune a tree; new growth from pruning -PPH *saliŋsíŋ trim, prune, clear a path -PWMP *basbas₃ pruning to prune a tree; new growth from pruning -PPH *saliŋsíŋ Prunus a tree:Prunus sp. -PPH *taŋa₄ pry pry open -PMP *qu(ŋ)kaq pry up - *(noise) pry up, prise up -PCMP *uli to gouge or pry out -PWMP *lugit to pry open -PPH *tiŋkáb to pry open slightly -POC *makaka prying lever, instrument for prying something up -PWMP *quŋkil Pseudobalistes brown triggerfish:Pseudobalistes fuscus -POC *lio-lio Pterocarpus a tree:Pterocarpus indica -PMP *nara a tree:Pterocarpus indica -PMP *naRah Pteropus fruit bat, flying fox:Pteropus spp. -PMP *paniki Pterospermum a tree:Pterospermum sp. -PMP *bayuR pubescens a tree:Vitex pubescens -PMP *pa(m)pa pubic pubic hair -POC *koRo pubic hair -PAN-F *kumeS pubic hair -PAN-F *kumiS pubic hair -PAN-F *qubiS public public building, community house, guest house -PMP *balay public space in village -POC *malaqe puddle mud puddle, wallow for wild pig or carabao -PPH *tebug puddle, pool of water - *(near) Pueraria a hairy vine:Pueraria hirsuta -PMP *bahay a hairy vine:Pueraria hirsuta -PAN *baSay puff puff (O) - *-put(root) puff, blow suddenly -PWMP *eput puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun -PMP *putput₂ puffer porcupine fish, puffer fish,Diodon sp. -PMP *taRutuŋ puffer fish sp. -POC *puntal puffer fish sp. -PMP *buntal puffer fish, globe fish:Tetrodon lunaris -PWMP *butiti pufferfish pufferfish - *(near) pufferfish, porcupinefish -POC *potok puffing puffing sound -PWMP *put₁ puffy puffy area around the throat of some birds -PWMP *tambuluk puling puling sound of a bird -PAN *kiaw pull bend or pull down (as a branch) -PMP *tekuk₁ drag, pull -PWMP *batak drag, pull -PWMP *hilah drag, pull - *(loan) hernia; to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis -PMP *luslus pluck, pull out -PMP *gutgut₂ pluck, pull out -PMP *ubut pluck, pull out -PWMP *zutzut pluck, pull out -POC *rurut pluck, pull out -PAN *ubuC pluck, pull out -PMP *Radut pluck, pull out -PAN *guCguC₁ pluck, pull out -PMP *dutdut pluck, pull up (as weeds) -PMP *hebut pluck, pull up (as weeds) -PAN *SebuC prepuce, foreskin; pull back the prepuce -PPH *lusiq pull - *(loan) pull at body part; hold something dangling from the fingers -PMP *bitbit₂ pull at some part of the body -PAN *bitbit₁ pull back and forth -PMP *buis pull inward or towards oneself -PWMP *paqud pull off, remove covering -PPH *ukap pull or drag a heavy object along, as on a sled -PWMP *guyud₃ pull or jerk at something -PWMP *santak pull out something rooted in soft matter, as flesh -PWMP *raq(e)but pull out with force -PMP *cabut pull out, extract -PWMP *Rebut pull out, extract -PMP *benut₂ pull out, extract -PAN *beNuC pull out, uproot -POC *iput₂ pull out, uproot -PMP *ibut₁ pull out, uproot (as plants); pluck (as hair or feathers) -POC *puput-i pull out, uproot, pluck -PMP *butbut-i pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) -PMP *butbut₂ pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) -PAN *buCbuC pull up weeds - *(noise) pull up, as out of a pit or out of water -PMP *bantun pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth -PPH *ganút-en pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth -PPH *gánut pull up, root up -PMP *abut₁ pull with a jerk - *-gut₂(root) pull, draw -PAN *SuRut pull, draw, drag -PWMP *irid₂ pull, jerk at something -PWMP *sintak snatch at, pull with a jerk -PWMP *raŋgut stretch, pull something that stretches (as a rope) -PWMP *iñat suck, pull at with the lips -PWMP *ñutñut to grab and pull -PPH *rab(e)nut-en to grab and pull -PPH *rab(e)nút to hold or pull with a hook -PMP *kaqit to pluck, pull out -PAN *putput₁ to pluck, pull out, uproot -PWMP *maŋ-butbut to pull -PPH *beteŋ₃ to pull back the foreskin -PPH *lusiq-en to pull by the hair; to pull out hair -PPH *sabunut to pull on or out with the fingers -PPH *húRut to pull out -PPH *bag(e)qut-en to pull out -PPH *bag(e)qut to pull out or up -PPH *gábut to pull out, as hair -PPH *bagut-en to pull out, as hair -PPH *bagut to pull out, uproot -PPH *bunút-en to pull out, uproot -POC *saput to pull something toward oneself -PPH *enat-en to pull something toward oneself -PPH *enat to pull, draw, drag -PWMP *ŋ-irid to pull, haul, drag -PCMP *dada₁ to undo stitches, pull out tying material -PPH *tastas-en to weed, pluck, pull out - *-buC(root) touch lightly, nudge; pull trigger -PPH *kal(e)bit-en touch lightly, nudge; pull trigger -PPH *kal(e)bit uproot, pluck, pull out - *-dut(root) uproot, pull out by the roots -POC *Raput uproot, pull out by the roots -PMP *Rabut uproot, pull out by the roots -PAN *RabuC withdraw, pull out, extract -POC *unus-i withdraw, pull out, extract -POC *unus withdraw, pull out, extract -PMP *hunus withdraw, pull out, extract -PAN *SuNus pull~up pull up - *(loan) pulled be pulled or dragged along -PPH *gúyud-en be pulled or drawn -PAN *SuRut-en be pulled out, be plucked; what is pulled or plucked out -PPh *butbut-en pulley pulley - *(loan) pulling pulling out, uprooting -PPH *búnut pulp inner pulp or young leaves -PPH *sepet₁ pulpy pulpy leaf - *(noise) pulpy, fleshy, as a fruit; soft flesh around the seeds of a fruit -PWMP *lunek₁ pulse beat, throb, pulse -PWMP *petuk beating of the heart; pulse -PWMP *keteg to pound, of the pulse -PWMP *embut pulverize crush, pulverize; crumble -PMP *remek crush, pulverize; crumble -PMP *Remek crush, pulverize; powder - *-mek(root) crush, pulverize; powder - *-muk(root) fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁ grind to a powder, pulverize -PWMP *begbeg pulverize, crush by pounding -PMP *dekdek pulverize; crumble -PAN *Cumek pulverized dust, pulverized stone -PAN *bulbul pulverized, pounded fine - *-dek₂(root) rotten, crumbling, pulverized - *-bek₂(root) was crushed or pulverized; what is crushed or pulverized -PWMP *b<in>ekbek pumice pumice -PPh *búgaq pump pump - *(loan) pump, pumping motion -PWMP *umbak umbak pumping pump, pumping motion -PWMP *umbak umbak pumpkin gourd, pumpkin - *(noise) punch punch, hit, pound -PMP *tumbuk to punch -PPH *suntúk to punch, hit with the fist -PPH *danug punctatus marine fish sp. with venomous dorsal spines, Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus -PWMP *kiteŋ Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus (familysiganidae) -POC *kitoŋ punctual early; punctual -PPH *ága punctured punctured, having a hole -PWMP *lesu₁ punctured, perforated so that the contents spill out -PWMP *busbus-en pungent acrid, pungent, of odor -PMP *seŋ(e)hit acrid, pungent, of odor -PMP *seŋ(e)hij acrid, pungent, of odor -PMP *seŋet₁ pungent odor, strong disagreeable smell -PWMP *saŋ(e)hid punish judge, punish - *(loan) punish - *(loan) to blame, accuse of error or fault; to punish -PMP *pa(ka)-salaq punishment suffer from an inflated abdomen as punishment for wrongdoing -PWMP *busuŋ-en punk tinder, punk -PWMP *lulug punting bamboo punting pole; to pole a boat in shallow water -POC *tokon downward pressure; bamboo punting pole -PMP *teken pupil human effigy; pupil of the eye -PMP *tau tau pupil of the eye -PAN *CaCaw pupil of the eye -PMP *anak i mata pupil of the eye (‘child of the eye’) -PMP *anak nu mata pupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’) -PMP *tau nu mata pupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’) -PAN *Cau nu maCa puppies sound used to call puppies -PWMP *kuyuk puppy puppy -PPH *ituq₂ puppy -PMP *titu puppy (?) -PWMP *u(ŋ)kuq puppy; young animal in general? -PAN *titu purchase to barter, purchase by exchange -POC *poli-a value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PEMP *poli value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PMP *beli pure clear, pure, of water -PPH *tin(e)qaw pure - *(loan) pure - *(noise) pure, high quality -PPH *dalísay pure-hearted (lit. 'white liver') pure-hearted -PMP *X₆ + qatay purify purify by sprinkling with holy water -PWMP *basbas₄ purify ritually, exorcise -PWMP *lukat₁ purifying taboo, ritual restriction; purifying rite -PAN *paliSi purple heart of a person or animal; purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant -PMP *pusuq₁ purple - *(loan) purpose collect stones(?), use stones for a purpose -PWMP *ma-matu for the purpose of; in order to -POC *puat₃ intention, purpose - *(noise) on purpose, intentionally -PPH *tikís piece of wood used for a purpose; lie athwart, as a beam -PWMP *bali(n)taŋ purpose, intention -PWMP *layak species of climber used for decorative purposes -POC *bua bua to spray spittle, etc. from the mouth for magical purposes -POC *puRuk purr purr, rumble - *-gur(root) purring purring sound -PMP *gur purse improvised purse or bag, folded cloth used to carry things -PWMP *puyuŋ purse, money belt - *(loan) pursue chase, pursue -PPH *hápaR pursue - *(noise) pursue, chase -PWMP *um-usiR pursue, chase -PWMP *maŋ-usiR pursue, chase - *(noise) pursued be chased, pursued -PPH *hapáR-en pursuit pursuit (as of enemies or game) -PAN *qusiR pus discharge of pus -POC *bura₂ having pus -PWMP *nanaq-an pus -PMP *nanaq pus -PAN *naNaq to suppurate, ooze pus -PWMP *maR-nanaq push crowd, push together -PWMP *da(ŋ)sek push -PAN *sulud₂ push - *(loan) push aside - *(noise) push aside, move aside, step aside -PWMP *siaq push away -PWMP *tupelak push down, trample down, as vegetation -PPH *desdés push shove - *(noise) push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak push something to start it moving; accompany someone to help them start a journey -PPH *tulúd push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad push, launch a canoe -POC *usu push, shove -POC *qusur push, slide or glide forward, as in pushing wood into a fire, or storming the enemy -PWMP *suruŋ step on, push with the foot -PWMP *tinzak to elbow; to push or jab with the elbow -PAN *s<um>iku to progress, push forward -PWMP *su(n)duŋ to push -PPH *i-tulúd to push -PPH *suRud to push -PAN *s<um>ulud to push aside -PPH *lenlen pushing push, slide or glide forward, as in pushing wood into a fire, or storming the enemy -PWMP *suruŋ put a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah arrange, put in order - *(loan) cover with ashes, put ashes on -PWMP *maŋ-qabu curse, put a curse on -PWMP *saraw extended, stretched taut, put under tension -PMP *benteŋ fall forward; put face low down -PWMP *subsub insert, put or drive in -PWMP *ra(ŋ)suk mercy killing; put someone out of their misery -PWMP *hunus pave with stones; pile or stack up, arrange, order, put in sequence -PMP *qatuR₁ pave with stones; pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *qatuR-an pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *maŋ-qatuR put close together -PWMP *lapit put in a straight line -PPH *taraytay put in or over a fire -PWMP *alub put in place - *(noise) put in the lap -PMP *iwa put in the lap -PMP *iwaq put off, delay, postpone, break one’s promise -PPH *liwag put on clothing, wrap around body -PMP *suluŋ₂ put out to sea, embark on a voyage -POC *toka₃ put salt on -PWMP *qasin-i put someone down to sleep -PWMP *pa-tuduR put something (as food) in the mouth -PPH *s<um>úbuq put something into a container -PWMP *dalem-en put something into or through an opening -PPH *súbuq put something on top of something else -PPH *taq(e)paw-an put something on top of something else -PPH *i-taq(e)paw salt something, put salt on -PWMP *qasiRa-i stamp, put one's foot down -PWMP *qantak step into clothing, put on a sarong -PMP *saRuk stretch, put under tension -PWMP *betek₂ strew with flowers, put flowers on -PWMP *buŋa-i to immerse, put under water -PAN *teneb to lay down, put down, put away -PWMP *maR-taRuq to plug, put a stopper in a hole -PWMP *seŋseŋ-en to powder, put powder on someone -PWMP *ma-murpur to put above -PPH *sapat to put food into the mouth -PPH *i-súbuq to put on or over something -PPH *tuqun₁ to put something in a high place or reach a high place by climbing -PPH *saŋ(e)qát to put under water, soak -PPH *rebreb to put up with, endure, be patient -PPH *tiqís to salt, put salt on something -PWMP *maŋ-qasin to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq to string, put on a string -PMP *tuRa to thatch a roof, put thatch on a house -PWMP *maŋ-qatep to wear, put on clothes, etc. -PAN *Si-₃ wake someone, rouse someone from sleep; erect something, put something in an upright position -PMP *baŋun₂ what is laid, placed or put down -PWMP *t<in>aRuq putrid decayed, rotten, putrid; stinking -PMP *busuk having a putrid smell -PWMP *baŋ(e)haw putrid - *(noise) putty putty nut:Parinari laurinum -POC *katita the putty nut:Parinarium laurinum -POC *qatita the putty nut:Parinarium laurinum -POC *qarita python python -PMP *sawa |
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Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email:Blust (content) –Trussel (production)