![]() | Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Finderlist
1 2 3 6 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
habit custom, manner, way, habit -PWMP *ugaliq hack chop or hack into pieces -PWMP *ma-nektek chop, hack off -PWMP *pated chop, hack, cut off -PMP *qetes chop, hack, cut off -PMP *etes₁ chop, hack, mince, cut up -POC *totok clap, beat, hack -PAN *CabCab hack a passage through -PWMP *maŋ-bentas hack a passage through vegetation, blaze a trail -PMP *bentas hack, chop into pieces -PAN *saksak₁ to chop, hack, cut off -PAN *t<um>əktək to hack, chop off, trim with a bolo; pound,beat, knock on -PWMP *tabtab₁ hack off hack off - *(loan) Haemadipsa jungle leech,Haemadipsa spp. -PWMP *sali-matek jungle leech,Haemadipsa spp. -PWMP *qali-matek jungle leech,Haemadipsa spp. -PMP *qala-matek jungle leech,Haemadipsa spp. -PWMP *kali-matek jungle leech,Haemadipsa spp. -PAN *qaNi-matek jungle leech,Haemadipsa spp. -PAN *-matek haggle to bargain, haggle over the price -PWMP *tawaD hail hail -POC *qusan patu₁ hail (lit. ‘stone rain’) -PMP *quzan batu₁ hail, hailstone -POC *qusan patu₂ hail, hailstone -PMP *quzan batu₂ hail; hailstone -PMP *quzan buaq hailstone hail, hailstone -POC *qusan patu₂ hail, hailstone -PMP *quzan batu₂ hail; hailstone -PMP *quzan buaq hair any plant with hairs that sting or cause itchiness -PWMP *amiaŋ body hair -PAN-F *gumuN body hair, feather -POC *lamu₂ body hair, feathers -PPh *bulbúl body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants -POC *pulu₃ body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁ body hair; fur; feather; down; floss on plant stems; color; type, kind -PMP *bulu₁ close-cropped, of hair; bald -PPH *kupkup₄ curly, of the hair -POC *pilul dress the hair (of women); hair bun -PWMP *saŋgul false hair -PWMP *buhek buhek-an for the hair to lie down flat -PPH *kepkép goat hair decoration on a spear or staff -PMP *bandaŋan gray hair -PAN-F *qudaS gray hair -PMP *quban gray hair -PAN *qubaN hair - *(noise) hair of, fur of -PMP *bulu-n hair on the temples -PAN *pispis₁ hair whorl -PAN *qali-puju-an hair whorl -PAN *qali-puju hair, feather -POC *ipu- hairy, covered with hair or fibers -PWMP *ma-bulu hairy, have lots of hair -PWMP *ma-buhek hairy, have lots of hair -PWMP *buhek-en have gray hair -PWMP *quban-en have gray hair -PWMP *ma-quban head hair -PCEMP *buek head hair -PMP *buhek head hair -PAN *bukeS head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu husk, coarse hair or fiber - *-but₂(root) leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects -PEMP *raun leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects -PCEMP *daun lock of hair - *(noise) lose hair or feathers - *(noise) molting, losing hair or feathers -PWMP *ka-butbut-an nit, egg of a hair louse -PMP *lisehaq, liseqah nit, egg of a hair louse -PAN *liseqeS oily, as the hair or skin -PWMP *lumek oily, as the hair or skin -PMP *lumuk pubic hair -POC *koRo pubic hair -PAN-F *kumeS pubic hair -PAN-F *kumiS pubic hair -PAN-F *qubiS remove hair or feathers -PPh *hi-bulbul stench, as of burning hair -PPh *qaŋ(e)téj to cut the hair short -PPH *kiskis-an to part the hair, as when searching for lice -PPH *sukáy to pull by the hair; to pull out hair -PPH *sabunut to pull out, as hair -PPH *bagut-en to pull out, as hair -PPH *bagut wear the hair in a bun or topknot -PPH *puyud whirlwind; hair whorl -PMP *qali-puspus hairless large green hairless stinging caterpillar -PWMP *tatadu large green hairless stinging caterpillar -PMP *katadu hair-like hairy; hair-like growths; plants with hair-like growths -PMP *bulu bulu hairy a hairy vine:Pueraria hirsuta -PMP *bahay a hairy vine:Pueraria hirsuta -PAN *baSay hairy -POC *pulu pulu hairy -PWMP *bulu-en hairy -PPh *ma-bulbul hairy caterpillar -PMP *qulej bulu-an hairy eggplant:Solanum ferox Linn. -PPH *basula hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -POC *bulut₂ hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -PMP *bulut₁ hairy, covered with hair or fibers -PWMP *ma-bulu hairy, have lots of hair -PWMP *ma-buhek hairy, have lots of hair -PWMP *buhek-en hairy; hair-like growths; plants with hair-like growths -PMP *bulu bulu hairy; kind of hairy fruit, rambutan:Nephelium lappaceum -PWMP *bulu-an large forest tree with edible brown, hairy fruits:Diospyros discolor -PPH *kamaguŋ tree with edible hairy brown fruit:Diospyros discolor - *(loan) Halcyon kingfisher,Halcyon spp. -POC *kiki₁ kingfisher:Halcyon spp. -PMP *sikek half middle, center; half -PMP *teŋaq one side, one half -PWMP *pihak side, half -PCEMP *pali₁ to cut in half -PPH *tebteb-en half-heartedly insufficient, half-heartedly -PWMP *alaŋ-alaŋ₁ half-open to prop half-open -PMP *tukaŋ halibut halibut, sole, flounder -PMP *alali halt interjection used to halt a carabao in the fields -PPH *luá hamlet hamlet; kin-based residential unit -PAN *kuan₁ hammer hammer - *(loan) hammer, mallet, instrument for pounding or hammering -PAN *palu-palu knock, pound, as with a hammer -PWMP *tabak₁ to hammer -POC *tutup₂ to hammer, pound (something) -PMP *tuktuk-i to hammer, pound, beat -PAN *pukpuk to hammer, pound, crush -PAN *tuqtuq to hammer, pound, hit -PAN *palu₃ to hammer, to hit with a hard implement -PMP *palu hammerhead implement with curved blade: adze; hammerhead shark -PMP *biŋkuŋ hammering hammer, mallet, instrument for pounding or hammering -PAN *palu-palu hammock hammock - *(loan) hand beckon with the hand -PMP *away₁ break off with the hand -POC *baki₁ bring down the flat of the hand on something -PWMP *tepap carry in the hand -PWMP *biŋbiŋ₁ catch fish or shrimp with the hands -PWMP *gamaʔ catch with the hands -PMP *cikep clap hands -POC *pwajaR cover nose and mouth with hand -PWMP *penpen₂ cup the hands -PMP *Raqup do with the hand -PPH *kemet do with the hand -PMP *kamet feel, hold in the hand -PWMP *gamak fire saw; tie a tool around the hand or some other fixture -PPH *kulili gather in the cupped hands -PMP *ra(ŋ)kup give a supporting hand -PWMP *abat₁ grab with the hand, catch -PAN *sapet hand -PAN *qalima hand -PAN *qa-lima hand -PAN *kamay hand -POC *paRa₃ hand arm - *(noise) hand of bananas -PPH *sápad hand over - *(loan) hand over - *(noise) hand, arm -PMP *baRa₁ hit, beat with hand or club in order to kill -PPH *palpál₁ hold in the hand -POC *taur hold in the hand -PAN *biNiC kind of large basket or fish weir held in the hand -PWMP *qalat lines in the palm of the hand -PMP *uRat i lima link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance -PWMP *kawiŋ liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay maimed, lacking a hand, arm or leg -PPH *pukul₂ palm of hand, sole of foot -PMP *palaj₁ palm of the hand -PAN *dapa palm of the hand, sole of the foot -PPH *dalukap palm of the hand, sole of the foot -PWMP *tapak₁ pick up with both hands -POC *agup right hand, right side -PMP *ka-taqu₂ rub two things together, create friction, as sticks to make fire, or the hands -PMP *kusu₁ scoop up with both hands -PMP *saRup₁ scoop up with both hands; a double handful -PMP *aŋkup₁ scrape or scratch with the hand - *(noise) seize with the hands -PMP *ambit slap, hit with open hand -PMP *tampek slap, strike with the hand -PWMP *ta(m)pak small hand knife for harvesting rice -PPH *yátab sound of swishing, as of hand passing through water -PPH *kisaw squeeze with the hand -PWMP *pecel take hold of, grasp, touch with the hand -POC *taŋop take in the hand, clasp, grasp -PMP *kemel take in the hand, clasp, grasp -PAN *gemel take with hand - *(noise) take with the hands -PWMP *maR-ambit take with the hands -PWMP *maŋ-ambit to bind, tie the hands or feet -PWMP *Rapus-en to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered; restraining rope -PMP *Rapus to bring the hands together -PPH *daup₂ to detach a hand, or bunch of bananas from the stalk -PPH *sapád-en to hand something to someone -PPH *dúhul to peel by hand -POC *pilit₂ to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats -PPH *l<um>aja to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats -PWMP *laja to seize, take by force, snatch from another’s hands; pillage -PPH *samsám to squeeze or press with the hand -PPH *pisel-en to take in one’s hand; handful -PMP *kaut to take in one’s hand; handful -PAN *kahut to wave the hand, as in beckoning someone or in fanning oneself -PPH *paypáy to wave the hand, to fan oneself -PWMP *kiap topmost hand of banana stalk -POC *qapaRa₂ topmost hand of banana stalk -PMP *qabaRa₂ wash hands, feet or face -PMP *hiñaw wash the hands -POC *pulu₂ wash the hands -PMP *bulu₂ wash the hands -PMP *ma-bañaw wash the hands -POC *paño wash the hands -PMP *bañaw wash the hands or face -PWMP *huñaw wash, as the hands -PMP *puRiq wash, as the hands -PMP *buRiq wave the hand or arms; call by waving -PMP *kaway₁ handcuffs handcuffs - *(loan) handful handful of something -PWMP *kaup scoop up with both hands; a double handful -PMP *aŋkup₁ to take in one’s hand; handful -PMP *kaut to take in one’s hand; handful -PAN *kahut handle able to cope, able to handle things -PPH *sapal handle -PAN *pulu₁ handle of a knife or sword -PWMP *daŋanan handle of an axe or adze -POC *paRara handle of an axe or adze -PMP *paRada handle of an implement -PWMP *pakaw head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu k.o. small basket with a handle -PWMP *bakaq-bakaq handle of a tool handle of a tool - *(loan) handshake handshake - *(loan) handsome handsome - *(loan) handspan handspan -PPH *daŋaw handspan -PWMP *zaŋkal handspan -PMP *zaŋan₁ handspan -PWMP *kilan hand-to-hand hand-to-hand combat -PPH *ramas hang (of a person) to hang by the arms, dangle -POC *tuku₃ clothesline, place to hang washed clothing -PMP *sampay-an dangle, hang down loosely -PPh *waywáy dangle, hang down loosely -PWMP *quntay₁ hang -PPh *bítay hang of drape over the shoulder -PWMP *salampay hang one's head -PMP *su(ŋ)kuk hang, suspend -PPh *bítin-bítin hang, suspend -PPh *bítin hook; to hang up -PAN *saqit to hang down, to lower -PPH *tustús to hang on a hook, suspend from something -PPH *i-saqebít to hang someone -PPh *maŋ-bítay to hang the head, look downward -PPH *yuŋyúŋ to hang up -POC *tau₂ to hang, as something on a nail -PPH *sad(e)qaŋ to hang, drape over something -PPH *sab(e)láy to hang, suspend -POC *kukut to hang, suspend -POC *saur₁ hanging commit suicide by hanging -POC *liko₁ hanging down, dangling -PWMP *untay₁ to wilt, wither, droop, as plants; dangling, hanging loosely -PPH *layláy hanging curtain hanging curtain - *(loan) happen become, happen -PWMP *bali₁ happen, become - *(loan) meet, encounter, happen upon -PPH *tag(e)búq to follow instructions, follow an example; carry along, give in, allow something to happen -PWMP *tuRut happening every night, happening every night -PPH *R<in>abiqi every night, happening every night -PAN *Rabi-Rabi what are you doing? what’s happening? -PAN *ma-kuja happy happy - *(loan) joyful, happy -PPH *lípay harangue lecture, sermon, harangue -PPH *hulit harbor estuary, harbor - *(loan) harbor bad feelings toward - *(noise) sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon -PMP *namaw hard become hard or stonelike, harden -PWMP *b<um>atu bite down hard -PAN *kemkem₂ blow hard; snort, pant -PMP *qembus constipation; packed hard and firm -PMP *etel hard - *(noise) hard crust of rice that adheres to the bottom of the cooking pot -PPh *itíp hard of hearing -PWMP *iŋel₁ hard of hearing, deaf -PWMP *beŋeR hard seed; burl, knot in wood -PMP *butequl hard stone used to make tools -POC *nadi hard, firm -POC *patu₃ hard, solid -POC *ma-toRas hard, solid -PMP *ma-teRas hard, strong -PWMP *ma-tuqa hard, strong, inflexible; vehement -PMP *keRas heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree -PMP *teRas high-pitched sound of striking against something hard but not resonant -PMP *katik hit, strike hard -PWMP *batbat nibble at, gnaw at something hard -POC *bari press down hard on something -PPH *mudmúd scrub hard to remove dirt -PPH *ludlud₁ strike two hard objects together to produce a spark -PPH *piŋkíq the hard outer wood of a palm trunk, used in making bows -PPH *báhiq thick or hard skin, buffalo hide, leather; callus -PWMP *balulaŋ to crush or mash between two hard surfaces -PMP *pipis₂ to grate, scour, rub hard on something -PPH *ŋusŋús to hammer, to hit with a hard implement -PMP *palu to hit, strike, or hard objects colliding -PPh *beRták to rub hard on a surface -PAN *qiSqiS to slap hard -POC *sabak to slap something hard -PWMP *pagpag to tap lightly on a hard surface -PWMP *ma-niktik to tap, strike lightly on a hard surface -POC *titik₂ to tap, strike lightly on a hard surface -PMP *tiktik₁ to tap, strike lightly on a hard surface -PAN *tiktik₁ harden become hard or stonelike, harden -PWMP *b<um>atu harden one's feelings, become inured -PWMP *kalis hardened coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened -POC *kulu₂ harden metal harden metal - *(loan) hardness hardness, strength (of materials) -PWMP *tuqa₃ hardships suffer, bear hardships -PWMP *hidap hardwood a hardwood tree:Intsia bijuga,Afzelia bijuga -PMP *qipil hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber:Palaquium spp. -PMP *ñatuq kind of hardwood tree -PPH *lawaqan various hardwood trees; heartwood of a tree -POC *toRas hare the Formosan hare: Lepus sinensis formosus -PAN-F *lutuk₁ hare-lip hare-lip - *(noise) harelip; missing or crooked teeth -PPH *buŋiq hare-lipped dented, having a jagged edge; hare-lipped -PWMP *sumbiŋ harm evil, harm, disaster - *(noise) harmony agreement, consensus; harmony (especially in material exchanges) -PWMP *payu agreement, harmony -PWMP *sapiq peace, empathy, harmony between parties -PWMP *damay harpoon spear, harpoon -POC *jaot spear, harpoon -PWMP *balabeg trident harpoon or fish spear -PWMP *sarapaŋ harrow comb, comb-like structure; rake, harrow -PMP *sisir harrow - *(loan) harrow, plough - *(loan) harsh harsh cry, bellow, loud cry -PMP *uak₁ harsh loud sound -PWMP *erak harsh resonant sound -PWMP *raŋ harsh throaty sound -PWMP *sukak make a harsh throaty sound -PMP *pikak harvest close the harvest -PWMP *tebas₁ harvest fruits -POC *puat₁ harvest fruits -PMP *buat₁ harvest; to harvest -PAN *maR-qani harvest; to harvest -PMP *qanih harvest; to harvest -PAN *qaniS harvest; to harvest -PWMP *aRani sickle; to harvest rice with a sickle -PPH *gápas the harvest, what is harvested -PWMP *qanih-an to harvest -PWMP *q<aR>anih to harvest, reap -PPh *qanih-en harvested the harvest, what is harvested -PWMP *qanih-an harvesting a tithe, share given for help in harvesting the crops -PPH *húnus rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PMP *beRas rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PAN *beRas sickle for harvesting grain -PAN-F *kawkaw₁ small hand knife for harvesting rice -PPH *yátab hasta a fish, the sea-bream:Sparus hasta -PWMP *bakukuŋ hasten hasten -POC *roRas hasten -PMP *deRas hastily look quickly here and there, look hastily in all directions -PPH *liŋát hat a hat, head covering -PAN *tamuhuŋ hat - *(loan) palm used to make hats and fans -PWMP *silad sun hat, used to provide shade -PPH *taduŋ hatch break into several large pieces; hatch -PMP *pesak break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -POC *posaq break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -PMP *peceq₂ to hatch - *(noise) hate hate - *(loan) haughty proud, haughty -PWMP *ambuŋ haul to pull, haul, drag -PCMP *dada₁ haunt animal haunt, place frequented by animals -PMP *qenuR-an₂ animal haunt, place frequented by animals -PAN *qenuR-an₁ have be, exist, have; not be, not have -PWMP *wada-i be, exist, have; not exist, not have -PWMP *wada-q be, exist, have; wealthy; not exist, not have -PMP *wada having radical mood swings moody, having radical mood swings - *(loan) hawk fish eagle, fish hawk -POC *taragau hawk sp. -PWMP *sikep₁ hawk sp. (harrier?) -PAN-F *qadiS hawk, eagle -PPh *banúR kind of raptorial bird, eagle or hawk -PWMP *kaŋkaŋ₄ screech, as a hawk -PWMP *kuriqik screech, as a hawk -PWMP *kuliqik hawksbill hawksbill turtle:Chelonia imbricata -PCEMP *keRan₂ hawksbill turtle:Chelonia imbricata -PCEMP *keRa haze fog, haze, mist -POC *kaput₂ fog, haze, mist; indistinct, blurry -PMP *kabut hazy cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PPh *bulág cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PWMP *buleheR cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -POC *pulaR₂ cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PAN *bulaR₁ cloudy, misty, hazy -PMP *ma-Rabun misty, hazy, dim -POC *ma-Rapun he 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, it -PAN *si ia₁ 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it -PAN *ia₁ head a hat, head covering -PAN *tamuhuŋ back of the head -POC *keju bow the head -PMP *tekuŋ₁ bow the head, nod -PWMP *tuek bow, lower the head -PMP *tutuk₁ carry on the head -POC *suqun carry on the head -PWMP *zuŋzuŋ carry on the head -PAN *suquN coiled base on which cooking pots are set or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *riken coiled base on which cooking pots are set, or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *Riken crown of the head -POC *tubuŋa eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata flat-topped coral head -POC *lababa fontanel; crown of the head -PWMP *ubun (ubun) fontanelle; crown of the head -PMP *bubun₂ fontanelle; crown of the head -PAN *buNbuN hang one's head -PMP *su(ŋ)kuk head -PAN *buŋuh head -POC *pwau head -POC *batuk head -PAN *quluh head cover for women -PWMP *kuduŋ head cover, protection from sun or rain -PMP *tuduŋ head covering -PPH *panduŋ head covering - *(noise) head covering for women -PWMP *kulubuŋ head hair -PCEMP *buek head hair -PMP *buhek head hair -PAN *bukeS head louse -PAN *kuCux head louse; sparks from a fire; water striker (insect that walks on water) -PMP *kutu₁ head trophy, trophy taken in headhunting (?) -PAN *tabaN head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu huddle, bow the head -PAN *Cukul incline one's head to the side -PAN *qipiŋ kind of wild cane with edible flower head -POC *piso₁ knob on the head of a club -POC *waka knock on the head; crazy, insane -PPH *katúk knock or bump the head -PMP *t<um>ugtug knock or bump the head -PAN *C<um>ugCug knock or bump the head -PMP *tugtug₁ knock or bump the head -PAN *CugCug₂ leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects -PEMP *raun leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects -PCEMP *daun look from side to side, turn the head in this way -PWMP *liŋaR lower the head, bow or bend down -PWMP *tukuk nod the head in drowsiness -PWMP *qantuk nod the head in drowsiness -PWMP *kantuk pad placed under cooking pots, loads to carry on the head, etc. -PPH *dikén place where one rests the head: wooden headrest -PMP *qulun-an rest the head on -PMP *qulun₂ rest the head on; wooden headrest -POC *quluŋ-an ripe, ripen, of fruit; reach a ‘ripe’ stage, of a head cold, a boil, etc. -PPH *hinuR shake the head in negation, shake the head from side-to-side -PWMP *iliŋ₃ side of the head -POC *tabal take shelter, cover the head -PMP *teduŋ₁ temple, side of the head -PWMP *pilis to hang the head, look downward -PPH *yuŋyúŋ to lift the head, raise the head -PPH *háŋad to nod the head, as in agreement -PPH *taŋuq to rest the head against something; pillow -PPH *puŋan turn one’s head to the side to look back -PPH *liŋiq turn the head aside -PWMP *liŋus turn the head aside -PWMP *liŋeR turn the head to look back -PPH *liŋay₂ turn the head to look back -PPH *liŋaw₂ what is carried on the head; a burden -PWMP *zuŋzuŋ-an headcloth head covering, kerchief, headcloth - *(loan) type of headcloth -PWMP *sampir head covering head covering - *(loan) head covering, kerchief, headcloth - *(loan) head-end head-end, upper part -PAN *qulu qulu head-end, upper part -PMP *qulu-an headhunting go headhunting -PMP *ma-ŋayaw head trophy, trophy taken in headhunting (?) -PAN *tabaN headhunting -PMP *kayaw headhunting -PAN *ŋayaw headhunting expedition -PWMP *pa-ŋayaw raid, go headhunting -PWMP *ayaw headland headland -POC *qulu ni panua headless headless, decapitated -PWMP *pugut headrest place where one rests the head: wooden headrest -PMP *qulun-an rest the head on; wooden headrest -POC *quluŋ-an wooden headrest -POC *kalik wooden headrest, pillow -PMP *qalunan head side of a coin head side of a coin - *(loan) headwaters head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu headwaters of a river -PMP *qulu ni wahiR heal living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip to heal, as a wound -POC *mapo healed healed, of a wound with shiny skin -PPH *luq(e)nit healthy feel fit, healthy -PMP *se(ŋ)ger grow rapidly, thrive, be healthy -PPH *talúbuq heap collect, heap up -PMP *impu₁ cover with a heap of earth, etc.; a heap of earth, etc. -PWMP *bunbun-an₂ dam, dyke, embankment; to fill a hole with earth; to heap up -PMP *tambak₂ fall in a heap (of a person whose legs collapse) -PPH *lug(e)múk fill a hole with earth; cover something with a heap of earth -PMP *bunbun heap - *(noise) heap of earth - *(noise) heap up -PWMP *Ri(m)bun heap up, pile up (as earth); dam -PMP *limbun heap, collection; to gather, heap up -PMP *qi(m)pun heap, pile -POC *upun₂ heap, pile -POC *opun heap, pile, collection -PWMP *umpuk-an heap, pile, collection -PWMP *umpuk heap, pile, collection -PMP *hubun₂ heap, pile, cover with earth; collect, assemble - *-bun (or *-bequn?)(root) heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather -PMP *ebun heap, pile; cover up -PWMP *tumbun heap, pile; elevated platform used as a look-out -PWMP *paŋguŋ hoard, heap - *(noise) small heap, rounded mass -PWMP *tumpuk to heap up, make a pile -PWMP *simpuk to pile up earth or rocks, heap up so as to obstruct -PWMP *t<um>ambak heaped heaped up -PWMP *timbun heaped up, as an obstruction -PWMP *ma-tambak hear hear -PMP *diŋeR hear - *-neR(root) hear at a distance -PPh *ántiŋ hear; noise - *-ŋeR(root) to be able to hear -PPH *maka-deŋeR to hear -PAN *kiŋeR to hear -PWMP *d<um>eŋeR to hear -PWMP *man-deŋeR to hear, listen -PAN-F *t<um>imaNa to hear, listen -PAN-F *timaNa to hear, listen -PWMP *liŋa₂ to hear, listen -PAN-F *t<um>umaNa to hear, listen -PAN-F *tumaNa to hear, listen -PMP *diŋa to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR to hear; sound -PAN *deŋeR to hear; what is heard, news; to perceive by any sense other than sight -POC *roŋoR heard to hear; what is heard, news; to perceive by any sense other than sight -POC *roŋoR hearer away, outward, forward, onward; towards the hearer -PMP *wa-tu away, outward, forward, onward; towards the hearer -PMP *a-tu hearing hard of hearing -PWMP *iŋel₁ hard of hearing, deaf -PWMP *beŋeR have a painful feeling in the teeth, as when eating something very sour or cold, or hearing a screeching or scratching sound -PWMP *ŋilu-an heart areca nut and palm; heart -POC *buaq beating of the heart; pulse -PWMP *keteg for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound -PPH *kebá fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq heart -POC *pusa₃ heart -POC *puso₃ heart - *(near) heart (figurative); term of endearment -PMP *buaq ni qatay heart leaves -POC *upur heart leaves -PWMP *buŋbuŋ₃ heart of a person or animal; purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant -PMP *pusuq₁ heart of palm, palm-cabbage -PMP *qubuj heart; heart of banana -PMP *pusuŋ₂ heart; mind -PAN-F *ajem hearth ash, hearth, cinder, powder, dust; gray -PMP *qabu eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata fireplace, hearth -PWMP *hapuy-an fireplace, hearth -PWMP *paR-hapuy-an hearth -POC *rapuR hearth -PMP *dapuR₁ hearth, cooking place -PWMP *dapuR-an place of ashes; hearth -PAN *qabu-an storage shelf above the hearth -POC *paRa, baRa heart-shaped heart of a person or animal; purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant -PMP *pusuq₁ heartwood heartwood - *(noise) heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree -PMP *teRas various hardwood trees; heartwood of a tree -POC *toRas heat affected by heat (?) -PPH *ka-pasuq-an expose to the heat of a fire or the sun -PWMP *maŋ-daŋdaŋ expose to the heat of a fire or the sun -PPH *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa heat or dry something near a fire -PWMP *gaŋgaŋ heat, warmth -PWMP *qinit hot; blistered by heat -PAN *lasuq₁ sexual heat, sexual excitement -POC *tolaq sexual heat, sexual excitement -PMP *telaq₂ to heat -PCEMP *pa-panas to heat food -PMP *la(ŋ)gaq to heat food -PMP *la(ŋ)ga to heat up, warm up -PMP *panas-i warm oneself or something near a fire; heat or dry near a fire -PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ heated be heated or warmed by -PPh *qinit-en heave heave upward -PWMP *hampul heaven year, season; sky, heaven -PAN-F *kawaS₁ heavenly to shine, of heavenly bodies -PMP *cilak heavily heavily laden, as a boat that is low in the water -PWMP *saRad to breathe heavily or with difficulty -PPH *haŋes heaviness weight, heaviness, weightiness; difficult; pregnant -PMP *beReqat heavy cane cord used for heavy binding - *(loan) fall to the ground, of something heavy -PPH *bag(e)sák heavy; burdensome -PMP *ma-beReqat heavy; weighty, important -POC *mapat hit, strike a heavy blow -PMP *sambak pound, thud, heavy splash - *-buk₂(root) pull or drag a heavy object along, as on a sled -PWMP *guyud₃ sound of a heavy smack - *-bag(root) sound of a heavy smack - *-bak₂(root) sound of heavy clapping or pounding, smacking sound -PAN *bakbak₂ swiftly flowing, of water; heavy, of rain -PMP *deRes thick, heavy rope -PWMP *kalat to pour, of heavy rain -PAN-F *salaw waves, heavy weather at sea -PWMP *bakat hedge ornamental shrub used for hedgesGraptophyllum pictum -PWMP *qatay qatay₂ to surround, hedge in, besiege -PPH *k<um>ubkub hedged be surrounded, hedged in, besieged -PPH *kubkub-en heed listen to, heed -PWMP *maR-deŋeR heel heel -PWMP *tumbid heel -PWMP *tumid heel -POC *m-uri qaqe, m-uri waqe heel -PMP *tiked to squat, sit on one’s heels -POC *tiko height equal in height or length -PPH *tepeŋ₂ short in height, squat and compact in build, of a person -PMP *pandak heir heir, inheritance - *(loan) held kind of large basket or fish weir held in the hand -PWMP *qalat Heliconia a plant:Heliconia spp. -POC *paqo help a tithe, share given for help in harvesting the crops -PPH *húnus carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PPh *bulig-an carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PWMP *bulig communal help -PWMP *deRep help someone carry a load -PPh *maR-búlig help, assist -PMP *tabaŋ help, assistance -PWMP *awat₁ help, assistance; to help, assist -PWMP *uRup instruction, guidance, help in getting started -PWMP *tuntun push something to start it moving; accompany someone to help them start a journey -PPH *tulúd to advise, help someone with a problem -PPH *tambaR to aid, assist, help -PWMP *t<um>uluŋ to help, assist -PMP *tuluŋ to help, assist with work -PWMP *saqup hem a fold or hem; to fold -PWMP *lepiq edge, seam, hem -PPH *tebir fold, hem -PWMP *lupiq fold, hem -PWMP *lu(m)pi hem -PPH *lílip to fold, hem -PMP *lumiq hematite rust; hematite -PAN-F *diNaŋ hemp hemp plant; hemp -PAN-F *keRiw Manila hemp:Musa textilis -PPh *abaká to make hemp yarn -PAN *nuka hen hen, egg-laying chicken -PMP *qupa strut as rooster around hen - *(near) to cackle, of a hen -PPH *kuták to sit on eggs, of a hen -PPH *qebqeb her 3sg. genitive, his, her -PAN *ni-ia 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it -PAN *ia₁ accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD his/her unnamed thing: his/hers -POC *anu-ña his/her unnamed thing: his/hers -PMP *a-nu-ni a herb all kinds of medicinal herbs -PWMP *buluŋ buluŋ grass, herbs; medicine -PAN-F *Cemel herb used in making baskets:Donax cannaeformis -PWMP *benben₂ herb used in making baskets:Donax cannaeformis -PWMP *benban kind of aromatic herb:Pogostemon cablin -PPH *kab(e)liŋ kind of herb -PWMP *baŋun-baŋun kind of herb with medicinal value -PPH *disúl medicinal herbs -PMP *buluŋ₂ spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -POC *puRa spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -PMP *buRah various creeping herbs -PWMP *qasin qasin herbaceous small, wild herbaceous plants; scrub-land, bush -PMP *qutan here 1p deixis and spatial reference: this; here -PAN *ti 1p deixis and spatial reference: this; here -PAN *i-ti demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here; that, there -PAN *si ia₂ demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here; that, there -PMP *ia₂ here -PMP *tani₂ here -PWMP *si-ni here -PAN *di-ni here -PWMP *di-ieq look quickly here and there, look hastily in all directions -PPH *liŋát proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now -PAN *-ni this, here -PAN *i-ni this; here -PAN *qa-ni this; here -PAN *ia-ni Heritiera a shore tree:Heritiera littoralis -PWMP *duŋun hermit hermit crab -PMP *kumaŋ hermit crab -POC *koba hermit crab -POC *qumwaŋ hermit crab -PAN *qumaŋ hermit crab -PMP *qumaŋ qumaŋ kind of hermit crab -POC *katou hernia hernia - *(loan) hernia - *(noise) hernia; to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis -PMP *luslus hero hero, war-leader; dare to do -PMP *baRani heron heron - *(noise) heron, egret -POC *sou heron, probablyEgretta sp. -POC *kao herring herring:Megalops cyprinoides -POC *pu-pulan hesitate doubt, hesitation, uncertainty; to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds -POC *rua rua₂ doubt, hesitation, uncertainty; to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds -PMP *duha duha₂ hesitate, not able to act -PPH *taka to hesitate; to doubt -PPH *alaŋ-alaŋ₂ to hesitate; to doubt -PPH *alaŋ-án hesitation continue on with doing something, do immediately, without hesitation -PPH *dágus₁ doubt, hesitation, uncertainty; to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds -POC *rua rua₂ doubt, hesitation, uncertainty; to doubt, hesitate, be of two minds -PMP *duha duha₂ doubt; hesitation -PPH *alaŋ hesitation particle -PAN *a₄ Heterospathe wild palm tree with fruit similar to areca nut:Heterospathe elata -PPH *sagisí Hew Adze it!, Hew it! -PAN *taRaq-i hew to adze wood, hew wood with an adze -PAN *t<um>aRaq to hew with an adze -PWMP *ma-naRaq hewing hewing with an adze -PAN *taRaq₁ hex curse, hex; to bewitch; to criticize, find fault with -PPH *pintás Hibiscus Hibiscus tiliaceus, a tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage; to lash, tie, bind -POC *paRu a small shore tree:Hibiscus tiliaceus -PMP *baRu hiccough hiccough -PWMP *ceguk hiccough -PAN *sedu hiccough, sob - *-dek₁ (or *-deqek?)(root) hiccup hiccup -PWMP *siqedu hiccup, produce a sound in the throat -PPH *sin(e)qek make a gurgling sound in the throat, or hiccup -PWMP *seguk to hiccup -POC *masedru hidden be hidden (?) -PWMP *buni-an hidden - *(noise) hidden behind something else -PPH *limeŋ hidden from view -POC *boñu hide, stay in a tight or hidden place -PPH *lukluk secret, hidden -PWMP *silib secret; hidden -PWMP *b<in>uni that which is hidden or kept secret -PWMP *paŋ-buni to hide, hidden -PWMP *tabuni₂ to hide, hidden -PWMP *sambuni hide animal skin, hide, leather -PMP *qanit animal skin, hide, leather -PAN *qaNiC concealed, secret; to deny, hide something -PPH *liméd hide oneself -PWMP *tapuk₃ hide, conceal -PWMP *liŋed hide, conceal -POC *puni₂ hide, conceal -PMP *buni₁ hide, conceal, do in secret -PWMP *lihim hide, conceal, do in secret -PWMP *lihem hide, stay in a tight or hidden place -PPH *lukluk skin; hide; rind; bark -PMP *kulit take cover, hide behind -PPH *kub(e)li thick or hard skin, buffalo hide, leather; callus -PWMP *balulaŋ to hide -POC *mumuni to hide, conceal -PWMP *maŋ-buni to hide, conceal -PAN *buNi to hide, conceal something -PPH *lipéd to hide, hidden -PWMP *tabuni₂ to hide, hidden -PWMP *sambuni to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq high high - *(loan) high sea or tide - *(noise) high tide (?) -PWMP *taeb high tide, tidal flow -POC *Ruap high tide, tidal flow -PMP *Ruab high up, on top -PWMP *timbaw₂ high water, flood -PWMP *lanab high, lofty -POC *apo high, lofty -PWMP *ambuq high, lofty -PMP *abaw high, on top -PWMP *embaw high, tall -PMP *laŋkaw high, tall -PMP *atas high, tall -PAN *aCas high, tall - *-kaw(root) high; top - *-baw₁(root) pure, high quality -PPH *dalísay stative prefix marking high degree of some quality; extremely; superlative marker -PPH *ka-₃ tall, high -PWMP *ma-atas the high seas, far from land -PWMP *lahud-an to put something in a high place or reach a high place by climbing -PPH *saŋ(e)qát top part; high -PMP *umbaw highlands upper surface, top; highlands; on, upon, over, above -PAN *babaw₃ high-pitched high-pitched cry -POC *ŋiŋik high-pitched sound -PWMP *tekik high-pitched sound -PMP *eliŋ high-pitched sound of complaint -PWMP *eŋik high-pitched sound of striking against something hard but not resonant -PMP *katik high-pitched sound; chirp of a gecko -PAN *tekiq high-pitched throaty sound -PMP *egik high-pitched vocal sound - *-kiq(root) high-pitched vocalization -PPH *ŋisŋis₂ short, high-pitched sound -PWMP *qepik snicker, giggle; high-pitched laughter -PWMP *hikhik hike go overland, hike -PPH *t<um>aneq hill base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun Formosan hill partridge -PAN-F *kuNkuN hill, mountain -POC *puŋa-puŋa interior hill country, hilly or mountainous part of island -POC *solos mountain, hill -POC *oro small hill, knoll -PMP *buntu buntu small hill, knoll -POC *puntu small hill, knoll -PMP *buntu small hill, knoll -POC *putul putul small hill, knoll -PMP *buntul buntul small hill, knoll -POC *putul₁ small hill, knoll -PMP *buntul small hill, knoll -POC *putur small hill, knoll -PMP *buntud valley, watercourse between hills -PWMP *le(m)baŋ valley, watercourse between hills -PWMP *le(m)baq hillsides for water to run downhill, as in artificial irrigation on terraced hillsides -PPH *bawaŋ₂ hilltop mountain, hilltop -POC *koro₃ hilly interior hill country, hilly or mountainous part of island -POC *solos hilt hilt of knife or bolo; to support -PWMP *saŋga him 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it -PAN *ia₁ hind hind part, rear, back -POC *burit₃ hind part, rear, back -PMP *burit₁ hind part, rear, back -POC *buRit₂ hind part, rear, back; base, bottom -PMP *buRit₁ hinder block, hinder, obstruct -PWMP *ayum hindrance ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance -PMP *qambat ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance -PMP *abaŋ₁ hindrance - *(noise) hindrance, obstacle -PWMP *habed hindrance, obstacle -PWMP *aped hip carried under the arm or on the hip -PWMP *kilik₂ hips -PWMP *balakaŋ hips - *(loan) to carry at the side or on the hip, pressed under the arm -PPH *kilít hirsuta a hairy vine:Pueraria hirsuta -PMP *bahay a hairy vine:Pueraria hirsuta -PAN *baSay his 3sg. genitive, his, her -PAN *ni-ia his/her unnamed thing: his/hers -POC *anu-ña his/her unnamed thing: his/hers -PMP *a-nu-ni a parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of hispida the wax gourd:Benincasa hispida -PWMP *kunduR the wax gourd:Benincasa hispida -PWMP *kundul hiss douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire -PMP *sebuh douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire’ -PAN *sebuS hiss -PMP *sitsit hiss -PWMP *pis hiss -POC *isi₃ hiss - *(noise) hiss, sizzle -PAN *qesir hiss, whizzing sound -PMP *pus hiss; whistle -PMP *siuk to hiss -PMP *zitzit to hiss or steam, of water touching a fire -PWMP *s<um>ebuh to hiss or steam, of water touching a fire -PAN *s<um>ebuS to hiss to get attention -PPH *sutsut₃ to hiss, as to call attention to -POC *sisit to hiss, sizzle -PPH *sagitsit hissing hissing sound - *-sir(root) to attract someone’s attention by hissing -POC *sisit to attract someone’s attention by hissing -PWMP *citcit hit appropriate, suitable, right; fit together; hit the mark -PAN *tama₁ appropriate, suitable; fit together; hit the mark -PMP *tamaq₁ be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true -PAN *keNa be hit or beaten -PWMP *pukpuk-en beat, hit -PAN *pekpek₁ beat, pound, hit -PAN *CegCeg beating stick; to hit, beat (esp. clothes in washing them) -PAN *balbal₁ catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc. -PMP *ena collide, hit, strike - *(loan) collide, hit, strike - *(noise) hit something against something else -PAN *CugCug₁ hit with a spear -POC *ona₁ hit with a stick -PWMP *pukul₁ hit, beat -POC *rotuk hit, beat - *-peg(root) hit, beat - *-teg(root) hit, beat on - *-kug₂(root) hit, beat with hand or club in order to kill -PPH *palpál₁ hit, beat, thrash -PWMP *banat hit, making a loud sound -PWMP *latak₁ hit, pound on -PMP *tambak₁ hit, pound, beat -PMP *bukbuk₂ hit, pound, chop -PMP *retuk hit, ram into - *(loan) hit, slap -PWMP *lipak hit, sound of hitting, clapping, thumping -PAN *tepuk hit, strike -PWMP *puqpuq₃ hit, strike -PAN *basbas₁ hit, strike a heavy blow -PMP *sambak hit, strike hard -PWMP *batbat hit, thump - *(noise) pound on, hit, beat, or crush -PWMP *pilpil pound, hit - *-tug(root) punch, hit, pound -PMP *tumbuk slap, hit with open hand -PMP *tampek slap, hit, beat -PWMP *upak₂ strike, hit -PWMP *le(m)pag throw at, hit with a projectile -PAN *buNuq₂ throw at, hit, strike with a sharp object; kill; extinguish (a fire) -PMP *bunuq₂ to hammer, pound, hit -PAN *palu₃ to hammer, to hit with a hard implement -PMP *palu to hit with the fist, beat up -PPH *bugbug-en to hit, pound, rap on something -PWMP *latuk to hit, strike -POC *ŋau₃ to hit, strike, or hard objects colliding -PPh *beRták to hit, to strike -PWMP *ma-ŋena to punch, hit with the fist -PPH *danug to slap, hit -POC *pwasa(r,R) to strike, beat, hit -PWMP *ma-mukpuk hitch to hitch, tie two things together -PPH *Rakéd hither to come; hither -POC *maRi hitting hit, sound of hitting, clapping, thumping -PAN *tepuk hoard hoard, heap - *(noise) hoarse hoarse -PAN *paRaw hoarse -POC *paRak hoarse -PMP *paRaek hoarse - *-Raw(root) hoarse, husky (of the voice) -PPH *pagas hoarse, husky (of the voice) - *(loan) hoarse, husky, of the voice -PWMP *peRaw hoarse, raspy (of the voice) -PWMP *gaRaw hoarse (of the voice) hoarse (of the voice) - *(near) hoe hoe -PAN-F *tatak hoe up weeds; weed a garden -PAN-F *riSriS hoe, mattock - *(loan) pickaxe, mattock, hoe - *(loan) to hoe, chop up soil -PWMP *bacuk hold bamboo cross-lath used to hold down roof thatch -PWMP *belit₁ brood, hold a grudge, remember, keep still -PAN *demdem₁ carry in front of one; hold in the lap -PWMP *paŋku crossbar, strut, something to hold things apart -PMP *sekaŋ enclose; hold something inside the mouth -PMP *qeŋkem feel, hold in the hand -PWMP *gamak fist; hold in the fist -POC *kokom fist; hold in the fist -PAN *gemgem hold a grudge -PWMP *idap hold firmly - *(noise) hold firmly, concentrate -PWMP *pegeŋ hold in the closed mouth -PAN *qemqem hold in the fist -PWMP *kugem hold in the fist -PWMP *kemkem₁ hold in the fist -PMP *gem hold in the hand -POC *taur hold in the hand -PAN *biNiC hold in the lap, as a small child -PPH *sapúpu hold in the mouth -POC *omuR hold in the mouth -PAN *umuR hold in the mouth -PWMP *luqum hold in the mouth -POC *oŋkom hold in the mouth -PMP *emuR hold in the mouth and suck -PAN *mulmul hold in the mouth, hold with the mouth -PWMP *uRem hold onto, cling to -PPH *kapét hold or carry under the arm -PWMP *meŋ-qabin hold or carry under the arm -PMP *qabin hold something in the mouth -POC *qoŋkom hold something inside the mouth -PMP *eŋgem hold something tightly in the fist -PWMP *maŋ-Ragem hold tightly or firmly -POC *tabe hold tightly, clutch to oneself -PPH *sak(e)lut-en hold tightly, clutch to oneself -PPH *sak(e)lút hold up, keep aloft -PWMP *aŋkat aŋkat hold with the fingertips -PCMP *biqit hold within (of emotions, thoughts)? -PMP *dalem qatay hold, get, take -POC *abit₂ hold, grip -PWMP *agem₁ pull at body part; hold something dangling from the fingers -PMP *bitbit₂ squeeze, hold tight, clutch -POC *gomol suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -POC *komi suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -PMP *kemi suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ -PMP *gemi take hold of, grasp -POC *qabi take hold of, grasp -POC *abi take hold of, grasp, touch with the hand -POC *taŋop to clutch, hold tightly -POC *kukup to clutch, hold tightly -PMP *kupkup₃ to count, calculate; hold valuable -PAN *bilaŋ₁ to hold -POC *poso to hold an umbrella or parasol over someone -PWMP *payuŋ-an to hold back, keep in reserve -PWMP *taqan₂ to hold close -POC *kop-i to hold liquid in the mouth; to gargle -POC *gomuR to hold liquid in the mouth; to gargle -PMP *kemuR to hold or pull with a hook -PMP *kaqit to hold tightly -PAN *metmet to pinch, hold between the fingers -PPH *pidut to seize with the teeth, hold by biting -PMP *taŋaR to touch or hold -PPH *kapút tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching -PMP *qapit tongs, anything used to hold things together by pinching -PAN *qapiC touch, hold -PWMP *hemel hold by biting hold by biting carry in the mouth - *(near) holder spool, shuttle; thread holder (in weaving or making nets) -PWMP *sikuqan hold tightly grip, hold tightly - *(loan) hole a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PMP *kali₂ a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PAN *kalih a hole; make a hole in, perforate -PPH *lubut a tear, small hole, or rip -PPH *punit bore a hole, drill - *(noise) caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -PWMP *bulit-en caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -POC *bulit₂ caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -PMP *bulit₁ dam, dyke, embankment; to fill a hole with earth; to heap up -PMP *tambak₂ dig a hole -PPH *kadkad dig a hole, as by scratching -PPH *kawkaw₂ dig a hole, hollow something out -PPH *kabkáb eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata fill a hole with earth; cover something with a heap of earth -PMP *bunbun have a hole; be perforated -POC *posuk have a hole; be perforated -PMP *pesuk have a hole; be perforated -POC *posu hole - *(noise) hole in something -PMP *pesu₁ hole in the ground -PMP *luaŋ₁ hole, cavern -POC *pwaŋa hole, cavern -POC *babaŋ hole, hollow -POC *ŋata hole, opening, vagina -POC *buta hole, pit -PWMP *Ruqaŋ hole, pit -PMP *lubaŋ₁ hole, pit -PAN *buhaŋ leak, spill through, stream out from a hole in a container -PMP *busbus pit, hole; well; waterhole -PPh *bítu plant in holes in the ground -POC *asok plant seed by sprinkling in dibble holes -PWMP *maŋ-bubud punctured, having a hole -PWMP *lesu₁ round (holes) - *(noise) sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes -PMP *budbud₁ sprinkle seed, sow seed in dibble holes -PWMP *bubud to bury, place in a pit or hole -PAN *l<um>ubaŋ to caulk, fill a hole -PWMP *pakal to dig a hole or pit -PWMP *maR-lubaŋ to make holes in sacks of rice, etc., as chickens or rats do -PPH *butbut₃ to patch a hole in a net or mat -PPH *udip to plug, put a stopper in a hole -PWMP *seŋseŋ-en to thrust into a hole, as a stick to catch a crab -PAN *dukduk₄ widen a hole in something -PPH *watwát hole in road pothole, hole in road - *(loan) hollow cover with a hollow container; shelter over a grave -PWMP *suŋkub cover with a hollow container; shelter over a grave -PWMP *cuŋkub curve, curved; hollow -PMP *kuŋkuŋ₂ dig a hole, hollow something out -PPH *kabkáb hole, hollow -POC *ŋata hollow cane for blowing on the fire -PWMP *heyup heyup hollow, resounding sound -PMP *keŋ₁ hollow, resounding sound -PAN *keŋkeŋ₁ hollow, resounding sound - *-keŋ₃(root) knock anything hollow so as to extract what is inside -PWMP *tuŋtuŋ₁ liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay hollowed deep resounding sound; slit-gong, hollowed tree trunk used to send messages -PAN *kuŋkuŋ₁ Holocentrus squirrelfish:Holocentrus spp. -PMP *taRaqan holy holy sacred - *(loan) purify by sprinkling with holy water -PWMP *basbas₄ home go home -PWMP *uliq-en go home -PWMP *uliq-an return home -POC *m-ule return home -PMP *um-uliq return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro -PMP *uliq₁ take something home -PPh *i-uliq homesick homesick; long for something that is missed -PPh *íliw honest true, righteous, honest -PMP *bener honesty truth, righteousness, honesty -PWMP *ka-bener-an honey honey - *(loan) kind of honey bee -PWMP *patiukan the Malayan honey bear:Ursus malayanus -PWMP *biRuaŋ honeybee honeybee -POC *kororo honeybee -PAN-F *waNu honeybee -PMP *wani honeybee - *(loan) honeycomb honeycomb -PPH *kalába honeysuckle a vine with red flower clusters, the Chinese honeysuckle,Quisqualis indica -PPH *taluluŋ honor to praise, eulogize, honor someone -PWMP *i(n)dan what is honored, object of honor or respect -PWMP *paŋ-empu-an honored what is honored, object of honor or respect -PWMP *paŋ-empu-an hoof hoof, lower leg of an ungulate -PAN *kudkud hook barb of a hook -PPH *símaq bend, hook -PMP *tekuq fish hook -PPh *banuít hook -PAN *kawit hook -PAN *kabit₁ hook -PMP *lawit₁ hook -PWMP *kalawit hook - *(loan) hook and line fishing -PWMP *pa-ŋawil hook on to something; entangle -PMP *saqebit hook on, catch with hook -PWMP *cibit hook shaped - *-wit(root) hook together -PWMP *ra(m)bit hook with fingers -PPH *labit hook, clasp; grasp with fingers - *-bit₁(root) hook, thorn -PPH *sibít hook; to hang up -PAN *saqit long fishing line with many hooks; to fish with such a line -PPH *kitáŋ to catch, as with a hook -POC *kau₂ to fish with hook and line -PWMP *ma-ŋawil to hang on a hook, suspend from something -PPH *i-saqebít to hold or pull with a hook -PMP *kaqit to hook -PWMP *maR-kawit to hook something -PWMP *kawit-en to hook something -PWMP *kawit-an to hook, as with a fishhook -PPh *saqebit-án to hook, catch onto something -PWMP *s<um>abit to hook, catch with a hook -PWMP *ma-ŋawit to hook, gaff -PCMP *gae to pick, as fruit from a tree using a pole with a hook -PPH *su(ŋ)kit-en hooked hooked implement -PWMP *sabit hooked instrument or tool -PWMP *pa-ŋawit hoot hoot, as an owl -POC *ŋoŋoŋ hoot, croak -PWMP *ekaŋ hop hop on one leg -PWMP *kiŋkiŋ₂ hop on one leg, limp -POC *tige hope hope - *(loan) Hopea the Philippine mahogony:Shorea orHopea sp. -PPH *yakál hopefully marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully; or; any -POC *baraŋ₂ marker of indefiniteness: if, perhaps, hopefully; or; any -PMP *baraŋ₁ horizon horizon (lit. ‘foundation/beginning of the sky’); stranger, foreigner -PMP *puqun nu laŋit horn horn -PCMP *sulan horn -PCMP *sula horn - *(loan) horn of an animal -PAN *uReŋ horn of an animal -PAN-F *sequŋ horn of an animal; to butt or gore -PPH *súŋay to butt or gore with the horns -PPH *suqag hornbill a bird, the hornbill -POC *binam a bird: the hornbill -PMP *kalaw₁ hornbill - *(noise) horse a marine fish: probably the horse mackerel -PWMP *talaŋ-talaŋ bridle, as for a horse -PWMP *kakaŋ horse - *(loan) to trot, of a horse, to jog, of a person -PPH *yagyág horsefly bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly -PMP *laŋaw horsefly, large biting fly -PWMP *piket₁ horseradish the horseradish tree:Moringa oleifera -PPH *maruŋgay hortative 1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun -POC *-da₁ 1pl. incl. nominative and hortative pronoun -PAN *ta-₁ hortensis the Indian cork tree:Millingtonia hortensis -PMP *taŋga₂ hospita a plant:Kleinhovia hospita -POC *pau hostile hostile -PPH *suŋit₃ hot coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *reken coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *Reken fish wrapped in banana leaf and cooked over hot coals -PWMP *p<in>aqis hot, warm -PPh *ma-qinit hot; blistered by heat -PAN *lasuq₁ roast in hot ashes -PWMP *benem₁ sunny, hot -PAN *ma-qajaw to let food or hot water cool off -PPH *pa-bahaw-en to scald food in hot water -PPH *lapu₁ to sip, as hot soup -PPH *ilep warm, hot -PWMP *panes warm, hot -POC *ma-panas-panas warm, hot -PMP *ma-panas warm, hot -PMP *panas₁ hot-headed short-tempered, hot-headed, quick to fight -PMP *buteŋ hotness hotness of taste, spiciness; bitterness -PAN *paqiC hourglass hourglass drum -POC *kude house bachelor’s house, men’s house -PMP *kamaliR beam, house end - *(noise) board, lumber, beam in house construction -PPH *tapiq₁ ceiling of a house - *(loan) cleared area around house, cleared ground in village -PMP *natad collapse, fall down, as a house -PWMP *rebaq crossbeam in house construction -PPH *barakílan ditch, rain channel caused by water dripping from a house roof -PWMP *paspas₃ extension to a house (?) -PPH *sibay extension to house -PWMP *surambiq extension to house -PWMP *surambi extension to house -PWMP *ambiq floor of a house -PMP *saleR gecko, house lizard -PWMP *cikcek gecko, house lizard -PWMP *cekcek gecko, house lizard -PPh *butikíq gecko, house lizard (onom.) -PAN *tektek₂ house -PAN *Rumaq house beam -POC *oka₂ join together; beams used in house construction -PWMP *lipit kind of house spider -POC *koko loft in house where unmarried girls reside -PPH *pintuq pinch, press between; fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house -PMP *kapit plank, board; floor boards of house -PMP *papan prop, supporting beam in house -PPH *tukal public building, community house, guest house -PMP *balay support beams in a house -PMP *barabara₁ support beams in a house -PMP *bara₂ to lodge, stay in someone else’s house -PPH *dagus₂ to shake, as a house in an earthquake -POC *kañu-kañu to thatch a roof, put thatch on a house -PWMP *maŋ-qatep transverse beams that support the roof of a house -POC *sokar transverse beams that support the roof of a house; thwart or ribs of a boat -PMP *seŋkar wall of a house -POC *ridriŋ wall of a house; partition off -PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ housefly housefly -POC *laŋo housefly -PAN *laŋaw housefly -PMP *lalej housefly -PWMP *dalej housepost center post, main housepost -PCEMP *hadiRi bubuŋ-an housepost -PMP *hadiRi housepost -POC *tuRu₂ housepost -POC *ariRi housepost -PCEMP *adiRi housepost -PAN *SadiRi housepost, pillar -PAN-F *qelud hover rock or hover back and forth -PWMP *kindaŋ-kindaŋ to soar, glide, hover, as birds of prey -POC *tapa₃ how (for) how many days? -PAN *maka-pija ability, skill, knowledge how to do something -PWMP *ka-taqu₁ how many times? -POC *paka-pica how many? (of people) -PAN *pa-pija how much/how many? -PWMP *saŋ-kuja how much?, how many? -POC *ga-pica how much?, how many? -POC *pica how? -PAN *numa how? -POC *kuca how? In what way? -PPh *anu-en how?, how is it? what is the matter? -PMP *kuja how?, how is it? what is the matter? -PAN *kuja how?, How is it? What is the matter? -PMP *kua₁ how interrogative of quantity: how much?, how many?; adjective of indefinite quantity: some, several, a few -PAN *pijax skilled, knowing how (to do something) -PWMP *ka-taqu-an to know how, be able to, be skilled at -PMP *taqu₂ to know how, be able to, be skilled at -PAN *Caqu to teach, show someone how to do something -PPH *nau however however, provided that -PPH *daput howl howl -PMP *lauŋ howl, cry out in pain -PWMP *qeraŋ howl, shout, scream - *-ŋar(root) howl, wail -PWMP *rauŋ moan, hum, howl -PMP *eŋkeŋ mournful howl of a dog -PMP *quŋal screech, howl - *-ŋak(root) to howl or yelp, of a dog -PWMP *maŋ-quaŋ to howl, of a dog -PPH *tahúl to howl, of a dog -PPH *taqul to howl, of a dog -PAN *qauŋ to howl, of dogs -PMP *aluluŋ to howl, of the wind -POC *puuŋ howling howling or yelping of a dog -PAN *quaŋ₂ huddle huddle, bow the head -PAN *Cukul hue dark hue, possibly dark red -POC *piRiŋ dark hue, possibly dark red -PMP *biRiŋ₁ dark hue, possibly dark red -PMP *biReŋ hug to hug, embrace -PPH *kepkep-an to seize, hug, embrace -PMP *kepkep to wrap around; embrace, hug -PAN *takes₁ wrap around; hug -PPH *hag(e)kes huge big, huge; superlative -PCEMP *tinana tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PEMP *ipun₁ tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PMP *hipun₁ hull (small) outrigger canoe or canoe hull -POC *katiR canoe hull, small outrigger canoe -PMP *katiR outrigger canoe with dugout hull -PEMP *waŋka outrigger canoe with dugout hull; passengers in a canoe -POC *waga hum buzz, hum -PCEMP *ŋuŋuŋ buzz, hum -POC *ŋiŋiŋ buzz, hum -PMP *ŋu(ŋ)ŋuŋ buzz, hum -PMP *ŋuŋ buzz, hum -PMP *ŋi(ŋ)ŋiŋ buzz, hum -PMP *ŋiŋ buzz, hum -PMP *ŋeŋeŋ buzz, hum -PMP *ŋeŋ buzz, hum -PMP *teŋ buzz, hum -PWMP *eŋeŋ buzz, hum -PWMP *beŋ buzz, hum -PAN *beŋbeŋ₂ buzz, hum - *-ŋeŋ(root) deep buzz or hum - *-ŋuŋ(root) hum, buzz - *-geŋ(root) hum, drone - *-teŋ₁(root) moan, hum, howl -PMP *eŋkeŋ shrill buzz or hum; ring - *-ŋiŋ(root) human any natural mark on human skin: birthmark, freckle, mole -PMP *qila human effigy; pupil of the eye -PMP *tau tau path, made by a human as opposed to an animal; way or means to do something -PAN *zalan path, made by a human as opposed to an animal; way or means to do something; wake of a boat; the Milky Way -PMP *zalan person, human being -PMP *tau-mata person, human being -PMP *tau₁ person, human being -PAN *Cau pet animal, animal that is tamed by humans feeding it -POC *paŋan-i humble oneself submit, humble oneself - *(loan) humming buzzing or humming sound -PAN *buuŋ buzzing, droning, humming -PAN *b<aR>eŋbeŋ humming sound -PMP *beŋuŋ soothing sound of humming activity, twittering, etc. -PWMP *kicaw hummock hummock, small rise of land -PPH *taluktuk hump bump, hump, lump -PWMP *buŋkul-an fatty hump on the back of a buffalo, etc. -PWMP *kulasa humpbacked humpbacked -PWMP *beketut hunch hunch over, curl up (body) -POC *pokut hunchback bulge, as the belly of a pregnant woman, a hunchback -PPh *buk(e)tút hunchback -PMP *bukut hunchbacked hunchbacked, stoop-shouldered -PPH *kubuq to bend over, bend down (of a person); hunchbacked -PMP *bekut to bend over, bend down (of a person); hunchbacked -PAN *bekuC hunched bent over, hunched -PWMP *ukuq bowed, hunched, as from age -PWMP *ru(ŋ)kuq hunched over -PMP *duŋkuk hunched over -PMP *bikut hunched over - *(loan) hunched over, bent - *-kut(root) hunched over, bowed (as with age) -PMP *quŋkut hunched over, bowed (as with age) -PAN *qukut hunched over, stoop-shouldered -PMP *hekut hunched over, stoop-shouldered -PAN *SekuC hunched, bent over -PWMP *hukuq hundred by hundreds, hundreds at a time -PWMP *Ratus-an hundred -PMP *Ratus hundred -PAN *RaCus one hundred -PMP *sa-ŋa-Ratus one hundred -PWMP *ma-Ratus seven hundred (700) -PMP *pitu ŋa Ratus hung be hung, suspended -PPh *bitay-en hunger hunger, hungry -PWMP *bitin thirst, hunger -PWMP *laqu weakness, as from hunger -PPH *kasay hungry hunger, hungry -PWMP *bitin hungry -PMP *lapaR₁ hungry -POC *pitolon hungry; starve -PMP *bitil₁ hunt hunt - *(loan) hunt for shellfish on the reef -POC *paŋoda hunt with dogs -PWMP *maŋ-asu to hunt -PWMP *maŋ-qanup to hunt wild game -PAN *qanup to hunt, go hunting -PAN *q<um>aNup to hunt, search for something -PPH *lawag hunted what is hunted (?) -PPh *paŋ-asu what is hunted, wild game -PMP *qanup-en what is hunted, wild game -PAN *qaNup-en hunting hunting bow -POC *pusuR hunting bow -PAN *busuR₂ hunting bow; bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber -PMP *busuR₂ hunting dog -PPh *paŋ-qanup hunting ground, hunting territory -PMP *qanup-an hunting ground, hunting territory -PAN *qaNup-an hunting net; net used in hunting -PPH *batéŋ hunting spear -PAN *gayaŋ lie in wait, set an ambush in hunting game -PPH *apat to bark, as a hunting dog; shouting -PWMP *giak to hunt, go hunting -PAN *q<um>aNup hurl sling, hurl - *(noise) hurry do something quickly, in a hurry -PPH *paspás₄ to rush, hurry -PPH *sambut₃ hurt hurt someone; make someone sick -PMP *pa-sakit hurt, frightened, or discouraged by previous bad experience -PWMP *zeRa to hurt or injure others -PWMP *ma-ñakit to hurt, cause pain or trouble -PWMP *sakit-an was hurt or sick -PPH *na-sakit hurting hurting; sick with something, suffering from an illness -PWMP *sakit-en husband accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband -PMP *aya₂ husband -PMP *banah spouse: husband, wife -PAN *qasawa wife's sister's husband -PWMP *biras₂ husk able to resist or persist, as rice grains that are difficult to husk -PWMP *betaq₁ coconut husk -POC *benu coconut husk -POC *put₂ coconut husk -PMP *buʔut coconut husk, coir -POC *bunut₁ coconut husk, coir -PMP *bunut₁ empty husk (of rice, etc.) -PWMP *qapah qapah empty husk (of rice, etc.) -PMP *qapah empty husk (of rice, etc.) -PMP *ampaw fibrous husk of coconut -PMP *benut₁ hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -POC *bulut₂ hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -PMP *bulut₁ husk a coconut with the teeth -POC *saRi husk it! -PPh *bunut-i husk, bark -PWMP *upis husk, coarse hair or fiber - *-but₂(root) husk, fiber - *-nut(root) infertile rice grain, husk without grain inside -PPH *lupes kind of brush made from coconut husk, used to scrub or polish a surface or to treat threads before weaving -PWMP *sikat piece broken off, husk -PWMP *upek plant fiber; coconut husk, fibers of areca nuts, fibers covering mango seeds, etc. -PWMP *sabut remove coconut husk; scrub with coconut husk -PPh *maŋ-bunut remove coconut husk; scrub with coconut husk -PPh *bunut-an rice husk -PWMP *padek rice husk, chaff -PWMP *qepah rice husk, rice bran -PMP *qeta rice husk, rice bran -PAN *qeCah to dig with a digging stick, to husk coconuts with a husking stick -POC *kojom-i to husk a coconut with the teeth -POC *ŋiŋit-i to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains -PWMP *beRas-en husked rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PMP *beRas rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PAN *beRas unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains -PWMP *ataq husking sharp pointed stick used in planting crops and in husking coconuts; digging stick, coconut husking stick -POC *kojom to dig with a digging stick, to husk coconuts with a husking stick -POC *kojom-i husky hoarse, husky (of the voice) -PPH *pagas hoarse, husky, of the voice -PWMP *peRaw husky (of the voice) hoarse, husky (of the voice) - *(loan) hut field hut -PAN *sapaw field hut in the rice fields -PMP *kubu field hut, granary -PMP *lepaw₂ field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan hut -PAN *lepaw₁ hut - *(noise) hut, shack - *(loan) hut, temporary shelter -PMP *uduŋ shelter, temporary hut -PPH *luŋáluŋ temporary hut, shelter -PPH *hábuŋ Hydrocotyle a creeping plant:Hydrocotyle asiatica -PWMP *paŋgaga hydrophyllacea a moderate-sized shrub:Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea -PWMP *sabasaq hydropoesia hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention -POC *popol hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention -PMP *belbel₂ hypersensitive hypersensitive, weeping easily -PPH *ulaqul hypogastrium hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel -PPH *pus(e)qun hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel -PPH *pus(e)quŋ hystrix kind of wild lemon tree, possiblyCitrus hystrix -PPH *kabuRaw |
1 2 3 6 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email:Blust (content) Trussel (production)