ge    gh    gi    gl    gn    go    gr    gu    

gaff

to hook, gaff -PCMP *gae

gag

choke, gag -PWMP *cekuk

gain

gain weight, get fat(ter) -POC *tubu₃

profit, gain - *(loan)

profit, gain, fortune, luck - *(loan)

galanga

a plant:Alpinia galanga -PWMP *laŋkuas

gall

gall, gall bladder -PAN-F *paqeju

gall, gall bladder, bile -PAN *qapejux

gall, gall bladder, bile -PWMP *qapejuq

gall, gall bladder, octopus sepia -POC *qasu₂

gambling

cut of gambling money - *(loan)

stake a bet in gambling -PWMP *pasaŋ₃

stakes in gambling, wager, bet -PPH *tayáq

to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq

game

game played with thrown reeds -POC *tika

kind of children’s game -PPH *pikuq₂

lie in wait, set an ambush in hunting game -PPH *apat

play games -PWMP *sulaʔ

surround, encircle, as game -PWMP *libut

to hunt wild game -PAN *qanup

to lie in wait for an enemy or wild game -PPH *tambaŋ-an

what is hunted, wild game -PMP *qanup-en

what is hunted, wild game -PAN *qaNup-en

gamelan

a percussive musical instrument or ensemble: the gamelan -PWMP *kulintaŋ

game played by children

game played by children - *(loan)

game played with shells

game played with shells - *(loan)

Ganphyllum

a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo:Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. -PPH *gúguq

gantas

to measure bygantas -PPH *salup-en

Ganua

a tree:Ganua obovatifolia.(Merr.),Sapotaceae -PPH *piaŋa

gap

gap, full of gaps -PWMP *Rawaŋ

gap, open space -POC *jiwaŋ

gap, open space, breach -PPH *giwaŋ

gap, open space; groove -PMP *siwaŋ

gap, space, void - *(noise)

having gaps - *(noise)

opened, having a gap or opening -PPh *ma-siwáŋ

opening, gap -PPH *tiwaŋwáŋ

gape

gape, be open -POC *paŋa₃

gape, open the mouth -PMP *ciŋaŋ

gape, open the mouth wide -POC *paŋaŋap

gape, open the mouth wide -PMP *qaŋap

gape, open the mouth wide -PMP *qaŋab

gape, open the mouth wide - *-ŋa(root)

gape, open the mouth wide - *-ŋa(q)(root)

gape, open the mouth wide - *-ŋaq(root)

gape, open the mouth wide; be dazzled, amazed -PMP *beŋaŋ₂

gape, open wide -PMP *laŋaq₁

gape, open, of the mouth - *-ŋab(root)

open the mouth wide, gape -PWMP *taŋaŋaq

open the mouth wide, gape; gaping; opening of abubu fish trap, basket, etc. -PMP *ŋaŋa₂

open the mouth, gape -PWMP *ŋaqŋaq₁

to gape -PCEMP *siŋaŋ

to gape stupidly, gawk -PMP *taŋa

gaping

amazed; gaping - *-ŋaŋ(root)

gaping expanse -PPh *waŋwáŋ

open the mouth wide, gape; gaping; opening of abubu fish trap, basket, etc. -PMP *ŋaŋa₂

open, of the mouth; gaping - *-ŋap(root)

Garcinia

a tree:Garcinia sp. -PWMP *kandis

garden

clear the ground for a garden site -POC *poki

clearing of a garden for planting (?) -POC *sani

cultivated field, garden -PMP *q<in>uma

garden, orchard -PWMP *parelak

hoe up weeds; weed a garden -PAN-F *riSriS

rattan basket used to carry garden produce, etc. -PWMP *karanzaŋ

gargle

gargle, rinse the mouth -PWMP *kali-muRmuR

gargle, rinse the mouth -PMP *kumuR

gargle, rinse the mouth -PAN *muRmuR

gargle, rinse the mouth - *-muR(root)

rinse the mouth, gargle -PCEMP *pupuR

to gargle -POC *muku

to hold liquid in the mouth; to gargle -POC *gomuR

to hold liquid in the mouth; to gargle -PMP *kemuR

garlic

garlic - *(loan)

garment

borderline, edge, as of roof or garment -PPH *sanipa

robe, long garment -PPH *lambuŋ

garter

garter - *(loan)

gas

fart, stomach gas -PCMP *pesu₂

gas pains -PPH *kábag

gaseous

gaseous defecation -PPh *p<aR>utput

gases

exude or escape, of air, gases or similar substances (?) -PMP *heŋaw

gasp

choke, gasp, struggle for breath -PMP *qekak

choke, gasp, struggle for breath -PWMP *eŋkak-eŋkak

choke, gasp, struggle for breath -PMP *e(ŋ)kak

gasp -PWMP *um-egap

gasp - *(noise)

gasp - *(noise)

gasp for air -PMP *ekap

gasp for breath -PWMP *haŋus₁

gasp for breath -PMP *eŋap

gasp, open the mouth to breathe -PWMP *egap

gasp, pant -PWMP *cuŋ(e)qab

muffled sound of a gasp, etc. -PMP *se(m)bek

to gasp, have difficulty breathing -PMP *ŋepŋep

gasping

gasping for air - *(noise)

out of breath, gasping -POC *aŋak

out of breath, gasping -PWMP *haŋak

panting, gasping for breath -POC *ŋoŋop

gate

door, gate, passageway -PWMP *lawaŋ₂

gate, opening -PWMP *gawaŋ

gather

assemble, collect, gather - *-pun(root)

assemble, gather -PWMP *punpun

bunch or cluster of things; to gather -PWMP *kumpul

collect, gather -PWMP *abun

collect, gather -PWMP *tampuŋ

gather - *(noise)

gather in masses, as smoke -PMP *upun₁

gather in the cupped hands -PMP *ra(ŋ)kup

gather rattan -PPh *maŋ-quay

gather sand, use sand -PWMP *maŋ-qenay

gather together -PMP *rempun

gather, assemble -PAN *tapun

gather, collect together -PWMP *emuŋ

gather, collect; swarm around -PMP *quruŋ

gather, flock together - *-puk₃(root)

heap, collection; to gather, heap up -PMP *qi(m)pun

heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather -PMP *ebun

one who gathers firewood (?) -PWMP *pa-ŋahiw

prefixed to a noun means ‘to get, obtain, collect, gather’ (noun) -PAN *ki-

to gather wood, as for fuel; gather firewood -PWMP *ma-ŋahiw

to gather, collect together -PWMP *maŋ-emuŋ

gatherer

rattan gatherer -PPh *paŋ-quay

gathering

collection, gathering, assembly -PAN *puluŋ

formal gathering, as of chiefs -PMP *pened₂

formal gathering, as of chiefs, with possible connections to announcing temporary taboos -POC *ponor

meeting, assembly, gathering - *(loan)

to separate people, disperse a gathering -PWMP *butas₁

gauze

gauze, wick of a lamp - *(loan)

gawk

to gape stupidly, gawk -PMP *taŋa

gaze

look hard at, gaze, stare at - *(loan)

to look, gaze; water used as a mirror -POC *ti-tiro

gebang

the gebang palm:Corypha gebanga -PWMP *ibus₁

gebanga

the gebang palm:Corypha gebanga -PWMP *ibus₁

gecko

cry of the gecko -PMP *tikek

gecko -PWMP *saksak₂

gecko, house lizard -PWMP *cikcek

gecko, house lizard -PWMP *cekcek

gecko, house lizard -PPh *butikíq

gecko, house lizard (onom.) -PAN *tektek₂

high-pitched sound; chirp of a gecko -PAN *tekiq

gelatin

gelatin, agar-agar -PPH *guláman

gem

gem, jewel - *(loan)

genealogy

lineage, genealogy? -PWMP *ka-puqun

general

puppy; young animal in general? -PAN *titu

generation

affine of Ego's generation -PAN *idas₁

affines of the first ascending or zero generation -POC *puŋao

collateral consanguine of the first ascending generation -PAN *tata₁

relative of the third ascending or descending generation -PCMP *usi

relative of the third or fourth ascending or descending generation -PMP *piut

generic

generic for small fish such as gobies -PPH *búnuR

generic marker of location in space or time -PAN *i₂

genitalia

female genitalia -PMP *teli

female genitalia (child’s word?) -PAN *pipi₂

female genitalia, vulva -PWMP *pukak

genitals

genitals - *(noise)

genitals of a young child -PWMP *pipit₂

genitive

1pl. excl. genitive, our -PAN *n-ami

1pl. excl. genitive, our -PMP *m-ami

1pl. incl. genitive suffix -PAN *-ta

1sg genitive (marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me) -PMP *ni-ku

1sg genitive (marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me) -PAN *-ku

1st pers. incl. genitive; our -PAN *n-ita

2pl. genitive, your, by you -PAN *n-amu

2pl. nominate and genitive; you all, your -PCEMP *kamiu

2pl. nominative and genitive; you all, your -PMP *kamu-yu

3sg. genitive, his, her -PAN *ni-ia

genitive case marker for common nouns (cf. *na, *ni) -PAN *nu₃

genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb -PAN *ni

genitive marker (cf *ni) -PMP *qi₂

genitive of plural personal names -PAN *na₃

genitive particle -PWMP *u₁

gentle

gentle breeze; blow gently, of the wind -PWMP *sap(e)quy

soft, tender, gentle -PMP *ma-lumu

soft, tender, gentle -PMP *lumu₂

to become tame or gentle -PPH *h<um>aq(e)muq

weak, frail; gentle in personality -PWMP *lemu

gently

gentle breeze; blow gently, of the wind -PWMP *sap(e)quy

to separate gently, as in weaning -PWMP *Retas

genuine

real, genuine, true, sincere -PWMP *tunay₂

true, real, genuine -PEMP *molaŋ

genus

deer of the genusCervus, either the sika deer or sambar deer -PAN-F *benan

large catfish that lives in river estuaries: genusArius -PWMP *tambaŋuŋu

sowbug, woodlouse: terrestrial isopod of the genusOniscus -PWMP *babuy babuy

trees in the genusBarringtonia -PMP *putat

germinate

germinate, burst out - *(noise)

grow, germinate, sprout -PMP *tubuq, tumbuq

germinating

germinating coconut (?) -PEMP *upu

get

able to fetch, get, take, reach -PPh *maka-alap

catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc. -PMP *ena

fetch, get, take -PAN *um-alaq

fetch, get, take -PWMP *maŋ-alaq₁

fetch, get, take -PAN *alaq₁

fetch, get, take -PWMP *alap-en

fetch, get, take -PWMP *um-alap

fetch, get, take -PWMP *maŋ-alap

fetch, get, take -PAN *alap

gain weight, get fat(ter) -POC *tubu₃

get a mote in the eye -PMP *buta-en mata

get a mote in the eye -PAN *buCa-en maCa

get a splinter in the skin -PPH *ma-salugsug-án

get a splinter or sliver under the skin or nail -PPH *salugsúg

get caught in the rain -PWMP *ka-quzan-an

get drenched by the rain -PPH *ma-quzan-an

get smallpox; get swine disease -PPh *butih-en

get up -PWMP *maR-baŋun

get wrong, be mistaken; forget -PWMP *liŋu

get, bring, take -POC *pa-i

get, obtain -PWMP *uliq₂

get, take, bring -POC *pa₂

hold, get, take -POC *abit₂

marry off, cause to get married -PMP *pa-qasawa

penetrate, get attached to -PWMP *sebet

prefixed to a noun means ‘to get, obtain, collect, gather’ (noun) -PAN *ki-

straightaway, immediately; get done at once; continue on, lasting -PMP *tulus

take, get, fetch, obtain; marry -PAN *ala

thing that gets wet -PWMP *baseq-an

to cheat, lead astray, get someone into trouble -PPH *taliŋu

to fetch, get, take -PAN *um-ala

to get, obtain -PPH *ma-dawat

to hiss to get attention -PPH *sutsut₃

to shake, get shaken -PPH *ma-yegyeg

to slip through or out, get away -PPH *pus(e)lít

to wear, as clothes; to get dressed, slip into -PPH *suq(e)lút

touch someone lightly, as to get attention -PPH *kab(e)lít

use, get use from -PWMP *agem₂

wake up, get out of bed -PAN *baŋuN

getting

instruction, guidance, help in getting started -PWMP *tuntun

it is getting dark, night is coming on -POC *e boŋi

to pick up with something to avoid getting dirty or burned -PAN *saput₂

what is used for getting something -PWMP *paŋ-alaq

ghost

ghost - *(noise)

ghost, ancestral spirit; nature spirit; corpse; owl; various plants -PMP *qanitu

ghost, spirit of the dead; owl -PAN *qaNiCu

ghoul

ghoul, vampire - *(loan)

giant

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod -PWMP *kurapu

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu

giant clam,Tridacna gigas -PMP *kima

giddy

dizzy, giddy -PAN *-medaw

gift

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

give, present gifts to; gift -PMP *beRay

gigantea

a tree:Radermachera gigantea -PWMP *tui₂

elephant grass, miscanthus grass:Themeda gigantea -PMP *taŋelaj

elephant grass, miscanthus grass:Themeda gigantea -PAN *Caŋelaj

kind of tall grass:Themeda gigantea -PPH *taŋ(e)laj

gigas

giant clam,Tridacna gigas -PMP *kima

giggle

a peep, squeak, giggle -PMP *kik

snicker, giggle; high-pitched laughter -PWMP *hikhik

squeak, giggle -PWMP *qi(ŋ)kik

titter, giggle -PMP *gikgik

to squeak, as a mouse; to giggle -PMP *kikik

gilding

gilding, gold-foil - *(loan)

gills

gills -PWMP *isaŋ

gills -PEMP *asaŋ₂

gills -PMP *hasaŋ

gills of -PEMP *asaŋ-i

have gills -PWMP *hasaŋ-an

gin

mortar or gin for crushing plant material -PPH *lubaŋ₃

ginger

ginger -PMP *laqia

ginger -PAN-F *dukduk₁

ginger plant with fragrant white flower -PPH *kamiá

kind of ginger -PWMP *lampuyaŋ

root plant in the ginger family -PWMP *temu₃

type of ginger -PMP *panas₂

ginger tea

ginger tea - *(loan)

girl

loft in house where unmarried girls reside -PPH *pintuq

maiden, virgin, girl of marriageable age -PWMP *anak daRa

maiden, virgin, unmarried girl -PWMP *da-daRa

maiden, virgin, unmarried girl -PMP *daRa₂

term of address for girls - *(loan)

term of address for girls - *(noise)

term of address to girls -PWMP *enzi-q

term of address to girls -PWMP *enzi

to court girls; to womanize -PPh *ma-ba-bahi

vulva, vagina; pet name for girls -PWMP *uki

give

be born, give birth - *(noise)

bear children, give birth -PMP *ma-anak

breastfeed, give the breast to a young child -PPH *mapa-susu

chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food -PMP *mamaq

distribute, divide, give -POC *wa(n)se-a

give -POC *pani₁

give -PWMP *maŋ-beRay

give -PEMP *boRe

give -PAN *beRay

give - *(noise)

give (him, her, it) something to drink (command) -PWMP *pa-inum-en

give a love potion to someone -PPH *lumay-en

give a supporting hand -PWMP *abat₁

give an impression (physical or psychological) -PWMP *pa-bekas

give birth -PMP *pañaRu

give birth -PWMP *anak-an

give birth -PWMP *maŋ-anak

give birth -PPH *i-anak

give birth to -PWMP *mampaR-anak aken

give birth to, have a child -POC *pasu₃

give birth, bear a child -PWMP *um-anak

give birth; have a child -PMP *maR-anak

give knowledge, teach -PAN *pa-bajaq

give off an odor (?) -PWMP *bahu-an

give off smoke continuously, pour out smoke -PMP *qasu qasu

give someone something to drink -PMP *pa-inum

give the breast to, nurse a child -PAN *pa-susu

give, present gifts to; gift -PMP *beRay

join two things to give added length (rope, bamboo, etc.) -PAN-F *Nutud

make alive, give life to -PPh *maŋ-bihaR

sell, give in exchange -PMP *pa-beli

to box, give a blow -PWMP *peRpeR

to box, give a blow -PWMP *pegpeg₁

to direct someone to something, to give instructions -PWMP *tuzuq-an

to divide into shares, give out portions -PPH *hátaR

to follow instructions, follow an example; carry along, give in, allow something to happen -PWMP *tuRut

to give -PPH *tudul

to give -PAN-F *bula₂

to give -PAN *pa-beRay

to give a name to someone or something -PWMP *ŋajan-an

to give shelter to -PPH *pa-siduŋ-en

to lend, give a loan -PPh *ipa-qútaŋ

to lend, give on credit -PWMP *pa-qutaŋ

to name, give a name to -PMP *i-pa-ŋajan

to name, give a name to -PMP *pa(ka)-ajan

to name, give a name to; to call by name -PWMP *i-ŋajan(-an)

to nurse, give a child the breast (to be sucked) -PAN *pa-susu-en

to point at, point out, lecture or instruct, give advice -PAN *t<um>uzuq

to point at, point out; give directions -POC *tusuq

to point at, point out; give directions -PAN *tuzuq₁

to point out, give directions (?) -PAN *pa-tuzuq

to shelter, give shelter to -POC *paka-maluRu

yes; agree, give assent -POC *qo

given

a tithe, share given for help in harvesting the crops -PPH *húnus

allowed to live, given life; made captive -PPh *bihaR-en

assistance given to someone in need -PPH *abúluy

be satiated, given a full belly -PWMP *besuR-en

something given to another for safekeeping (?) -PMP *pa-taRuq

to replace, substitute for; to return in kind something given or done -PWMP *ganti

what is given to someone -PWMP *huluR-an

giving

act of giving birth (?) -PWMP *paR-anak

giving off smoke or steam; to steam cook rice -PWMP *kukus

lair of a wild pig for giving birth -PPH *dug(e)mún

gizzard

kind of marine fish, probably gizzard shad:Anodontostoma spp. -PWMP *kabasi

glance

glance, glimpse -PMP *kilep

glance, look at quickly -PPH *sirap

glancing

glancing blow; chop -PWMP *tigtig

glans

notch, as in a tree trunk; notch-shaped area under theglans penis -PWMP *etak

glaring

dazzled, blinded by glaring light -PWMP *siraŋ

glauca

a leguminous shrub:Leucaena glauca -PPh *ipil ipil

gleam

shine, gleam - *(near)

gleaming

gleaming, luminous -PWMP *gilaw

glen

ravine, glen, valley -PWMP *lebak₂

glide

glide off, slide off - *(noise)

push, slide or glide forward, as in pushing wood into a fire, or storming the enemy -PWMP *suruŋ

slide, glide - *(noise)

to soar, glide, hover, as birds of prey -POC *tapa₃

glimpse

glance, glimpse -PMP *kilep

silhouette, shadow; glimpse of something -PMP *ilap₂

glitter

glitter flash - *-laŋ₁(root)

glitter, flash - *(noise)

glitter, flash, sparkle -PWMP *kidelap

shine, glitter -PMP *gilak

shine, glitter -PMP *bilak₁

sparkle, glitter -PPH *kis(e)láp

globe

puffer fish, globe fish:Tetrodon lunaris -PWMP *butiti

Glochidion

a plant:Glochidion spp. -PPH *anam

gloom

gloom, darkness; dark, overcast, gloomy -PAN *demdem₂

shade, darkness, gloom -PWMP *qiem₂

gloomy

dark, overcast, gloomy -PAN *ma-demdem

foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *ma-lebleb

foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *lebleb₁

gloom, darkness; dark, overcast, gloomy -PAN *demdem₂

glory

creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory:Ipomoea pes-caprae -PPH *balinu

glow

glow or flame of fire -POC *pururuŋ

glowing

ember, glowing coal -POC *koran

ember, glowing coal -PMP *baRah hapuy

ember, glowing coal -PAN *baRah

glue

glue - *(loan)

glue - *(noise)

glue, paste, plaster, caulk -PMP *dalit₁

to stick, adhere; glue -PWMP *seket₂

gluey

sticky, gluey -POC *ñakot

glutinous

sticky, glutinous, adhesive -PPH *dayket

glutted

glutted, sated; swollen (of the belly) -PMP *be(n)tur

glutted, sated; swollen (of the belly) -PMP *be(n)tuR

glutton

glutton -POC *puso₂

glutton -PMP *busaw

gluttonous

gluttonous, greedy with food -PPH *buk(e)law

gluttony

gluttony, uncontrolled appetite -PPH *sibáq

gnash

angry; gnash the teeth - *-ŋeC (or *-ŋeqeC?)(root)

gnash the teeth -PAN *ŋeCŋeC

gnash the teeth in anger or impatience -PWMP *li(ŋ)get

gnat

gnat - *(loan)

gnat, midge -PWMP *reŋit₁

gnat, sandfly -POC *nonok

gnat, sandfly, fruit fly -PMP *neknek

tiny biting insect: gnat, sandfly -PMP *ñikñik

gnaw

chew on, gnaw on -PPh *haŋút

chew, gnaw on -PAN-F *qelqel

front teeth, incisors; gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors -PMP *gutgut₁

gnaw -PAN *ŋitŋit₁

gnaw - *-gut₁(root)

gnaw meat off bones -PWMP *kilkil

gnaw, nibble -PAN *ŋetŋet

gnaw, nibble at -PMP *qitqit

nibble at, gnaw at something hard -POC *bari

nibble off, gnaw off -PAN *qiCqiC

nibble or gnaw at -PPH *kibkíb

nibble, gnaw; moth -PWMP *getget₁

to bite, gnaw -PMP *kitkit

to bite, gnaw -PWMP *ketket

to chew or gnaw on something -PPh *ŋutŋut-en

to gnaw -PMP *ŋutŋut₄

to gnaw, chew at -POC *ŋuŋut₂

to gnaw, chew on -PPH *haŋet

to gnaw, nibble -POC *ŋoti

to gnaw, nibble -POC *ŋoŋot-i

to gnaw, sound of gnawing on something -PMP *keRut

gnawing

move the lips rapidly, as in gnawing or nibbling on something -PPH *kútib

sound of ripping, gnawing, etc. -PAN *geriC

to gnaw, sound of gnawing on something -PMP *keRut

gnemon

a shrub or tree:Gnetum gnemon -PWMP *baguh

a tree:Gnetum gnemon -PMP *suka₁

Gnetum

a shrub or tree:Gnetum gnemon -PWMP *baguh

a tree:Gnetum gnemon -PMP *suka₁

go

accompany, go together with -PWMP *duluR

circumambulate, go around the edge - *(loan)

close the eyes; go out, of a light -PWMP *qezep

come on! let's go! -PWMP *ita₂

come on! let's go! -PWMP *itaq

come; toward the speaker; let’s go! -PAN *aRi

descend, go down -PWMP *h<um>uluR

descend; go down; land from a boat -POC *sipo

exceed, surpass, go beyond -PWMP *lalaw

follow, go after - *(noise)

go -PAN-F *uSa

go -POC *pano

go -PMP *lampaŋ

go -PWMP *lambaq

go -POC *pa₃

go -PCEMP *ba₆

go against the current, oppose, go in the opposite direction -PPH *sudsud₃

go against wind or current -PWMP *suŋsuŋ₁

go around the edge, take a detour -PPH *liklík

go around, encircle -PWMP *liut₁

go around, envelop, surround -PWMP *l<um>iput

go away from -POC *tani₁

go beyond, go over, go past -PWMP *la(m)baŋ

go directly, take a shortcut -PWMP *la(n)t(e)qas

go down, descend -POC *sobu

go down, descend -PEMP *sombu

go downriver, go seaward -PMP *pa-lahud

go first -PMP *um-unah

go fishing; fish at low tide (?) -PMP *qeti₂

go for a walk -PPH *talaq₂

go headhunting -PMP *ma-ŋayaw

go home -PWMP *uliq-en

go home -PWMP *uliq-an

go in a circle -PMP *liliŋ₂

go or do something slowly, take one’s time -PPH *ananay₂

go out for some fresh air -PMP *pa(ka)-haŋin-haŋin

go over and beyond -PPH *l<um>ápus

go over and beyond -PPH *lápus

go overland, hike -PPH *t<um>aneq

go past, go beyond -PCEMP *sepat

go right through, penetrate through and through -PWMP *terus

go straight; straighten -POC *kodos

go through a narrow passage -POC *solso

go to sea, make a sea voyage -POC *pa-laur

go together -PMP *hampil

go upstream -PWMP *um-udahik

go with, accompany someone -PWMP *man-deŋan

go, move -POC *pana

go, walk away, depart -PMP *panaw₂

go, walk away, depart -PAN *paNaw

make something go or move -PWMP *pa-zalan

only child; alone, by onself; go it alone -PPH *buR(e)túŋ

oppose, go against someone -PMP *laban-an

oppose, go against someone -PMP *laban₂

precede, go before -PPh *unah-unah

precede, go or be first; earlier, former -PMP *unah

raid, go headhunting -PWMP *ayaw

refresh oneself, go out for some fresh air -POC *paka-aŋin-aŋin

return, go back -PWMP *pulaŋ

return, go back -PAN *Cikel

return; go back -PPh *maR-uliq

round about, around, in one’s surroundings; go around -PMP *kuliliŋ

send for, allow to go -PPH *tubuy

side, go to the side -PWMP *sisiq₁

submerge, go under water -POC *lomos

to attack, go to war -PPH *gubát

to be in motion; go, walk -PMP *lakaw

to climb, go up -PPH *saka

to descend, come or go down -PWMP *t<um>uRun

to descend, go down; to lower -PMP *tuRun₁

to do or go first -PMP *h<um>una

to do or go first; to lead -PMP *(q)<um>una

to do or go first; to lead -PAN *(q)<um>uNah

to go -PMP *l<um>akaw

to go -POC *lako

to go downstream, go with the current -PPH *usauR

to go past, go beyond, be excessive -PPH *lampás

to go upstream, ascend a river -PPH *súbaq

to go, to walk -PAN-F *um-uSa

to go; to come -POC *oRo

to hunt, go hunting -PAN *q<um>aNup

to oppose, go against -PPH *sudsud-en

to pass someone by, overtake in walking, go past -PWMP *libas₂

to release something pent-up, let something go -PPH *buaŋ

turn, go around -PAN *taliuk

walk, go -PWMP *makaw

walk, go -PMP *lampaq

go ahead!

alright, go ahead! - *(loan)

go ahead!, O.K.! - *(loan)

goal

direction, goal, destination -PMP *tuzu

goat

Formosan serow, mountain goat -PAN-F *Sidi

goat -PWMP *kandiŋ

goat - *(loan)

goat - *(loan)

goat hair decoration on a spear or staff -PMP *bandaŋan

goatfish

goatfish -POC *suaR₂

goatfish sp. -POC *mwasasi

goatfish sp. -POC *tiqo

goatfish spp. -PMP *tiqaw₁

goatfish, familyMullidae -POC *tiqo

goatfish, familyMullidae -PMP *tiqaw₂

gobbled

be gobbled up, eaten voraciously -PPH *sabsab-én

gobies

generic for small fish such as gobies -PPH *búnuR

goby

goby, blenny -POC *kakawa₂

going

be cast adrift, cast ashore after going adrift -PPH *padpád

follow the edge of a body of water, as in going upstream -PMP *sulsul₁

to pass one another while going in different directions -PPH *sub(e)líq

goiter

goiter -PAN *biqel

goiter - *(noise)

goiter - *(noise)

gold

copper-gold alloy - *(loan)

gold -PAN *bulaw-an

gold - *(loan)

gold ore -PPH *balitúk

inlay of gold or silver -PWMP *tataq

Golden

a bird, the Golden Whistler,Pachycephala spp. -POC *sau

golden

golden colored -PAN *bulaw

Golden

shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover -POC *kiwiwi

gold-foil

gilding, gold-foil - *(loan)

gone

finished, completed; all gone -PWMP *puspus₁

finished, gone -PMP *qubus

finished, gone -PWMP *ebus

gone, used up -PMP *mampus

gone, vanished, terminated -PWMP *la(m)pus₁

past, done, gone - *(loan)

spoiled, gone to waste; never realized, of potential for fertility -PPH *báqug

gong

gong - *(loan)

playing of gongs -PPH *basal

good

good -PMP *ma-pia

good -PMP *diqaq

good - *(noise)

good, kind, pleasant -PWMP *bait₁

having a good memory; intelligent -PPH *tandaq

luck, good fortune -PWMP *tuaq

mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order -PWMP *sama

reciprocate good or evil -PWMP *baras

to answer, retaliate; reciprocate good or evil -PAN *bales₁

to balance, be in good balance -PWMP *ma-nimbaŋ

goodness

goodness -PMP *pia₂

goods

goods, belongings, things, possessions - *(loan)

goods, valuables - *(loan)

small basket; a unit of measure for dry goods -PPH *salúp

stolen goods (?) -PWMP *takaw-an

stolen; stolen goods -PWMP *t<in>akaw

what is stolen, stolen goods; was stolen (past tense of direct passive) -PAN *C<in>akaw

goose

goose - *(loan)

gore

horn of an animal; to butt or gore -PPH *súŋay

to butt or gore with the horns -PPH *suqag

gorge

gulp down food, gorge on one food to the exclusion of others -PWMP *lunlun

gossip

gossip, slander -PWMP *buat buat

gotten

fetched, gotten, taken -PWMP *ka-alap-an

fetched, gotten, taken -PWMP *ka-alap

gouge

curved chisel, gouge - *(loan)

to gouge or pry out -PWMP *lugit

gourami: a fish

gourami (fish) - *(loan)

gourd

a vine with gourd or cucumber-like fruit, probablyLuffa sp. -PPH *kabatíti

gourd, pumpkin - *(noise)

kind of edible squash or gourd:Lagenaria leucantha -PPH *tabayaR

lime gourd (for betel chew) -POC *ŋapa₃

the bottle gourd:Lagenaria siceraria -PWMP *labuq₂

the wax gourd:Benincasa hispida -PWMP *kunduR

the wax gourd:Benincasa hispida -PWMP *kundul

government

government - *(loan)

grab

grab with the hand, catch -PAN *sapet

grab, grasp, seize -PAN *za(ŋ)kuC

snatch, grab -PAN *dakuC

to grab and pull -PPH *rab(e)nut-en

to grab and pull -PPH *rab(e)nút

graceful

graceful curve -PWMP *lentik

graceful curve (of body) -PPH *lantik

gradually

gradually sloping (of terrain); soft-spoken -PWMP *la(n)day

grain

(entire) stalk of bananas; ear of grain -PMP *buliR

able to resist or persist, as rice grains that are difficult to husk -PWMP *betaq₁

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root -PMP *uRat

dry measure for grain etc. - *(loan)

fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁

flesh, lean part of meat; grain of wood -POC *pisiko

flesh, lean part of meat; grain of wood -POC *pijiko

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

grain, kernel -PWMP *butir

grain, kernel -PWMP *butil

immature rice grain (?) -PWMP *ubek

infertile rice grain, husk without grain inside -PPH *lupes

pour, pour out, as water or grain from a container -PMP *buqbuq

reaping knife; to reap grain -PWMP *ketep₂

separate the chaff from the grain -PMP *siji

shake grains on winnowing tray - *(loan)

sheaf to which rice grains are attached -PPh *quhut

sickle for harvesting grain -PAN-F *kawkaw₁

thresh grain by trampling -PAN *Riqek

thresh grain with the feet -PWMP *maŋ-Riqek

to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains -PWMP *beRas-en

to measure quantities, as amounts of grain -PAN *tepeŋ₃

to pound into powder, as grain -PWMP *ledek

to separate grain from chaff -PPH *tiktik₄

unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains -PWMP *ataq

grainy

dry, grainy, brittle -PWMP *pera

grammatical

grammatical particle -PAN *qu₂

granary

field hut, granary -PMP *lepaw₂

rice barn, granary -PMP *lumbuŋ₂

grandchild

grandchild -POC *mo-kobu

grandchild -PMP *kempu

grandchild -POC *mokobu

grandchild -PMP *maki-empu

grandparent, grandchild - *(noise)

grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor -PMP *umpu

grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner -PMP *empu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address) -POC *bubu₆

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address) -PAN *bubu₆

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -POC *t-abu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -PEMP *t-ampu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -PMP *ampu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -PAN *apu

grandparent/grandchild (ref.) -PMP *t-empu

grandparent/grandchild (referential term used reciprocally) -PMP *ta-umpu

grandparent/grandchild; ancestor -POC *tubu₂

regard as a grandparent or grandchild (?) -PPh *apu-en

grandfather

grandfather -POC *pa-abu

grandfather -PWMP *lakay

grandfather -PAN-F *baki₂

grandfather - *(loan)

grandfather - *(noise)

grandfather, ancestor -PAN-F *aki

grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative) -PMP *empu-q

grandfather, grandmother; ancestor (vocative) -PWMP *empú-ŋ

grandiflora

a plant:Sesbania grandiflora -PPH *katúday

beach creepers, includingIpomoea grandiflora andIpomoea pes-caprae -POC *puRe₂

tree sp.:Sesbania grandiflora -PMP *tudiq

grandmother

grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative) -PMP *empu-q

grandfather, grandmother; ancestor (vocative) -PWMP *empú-ŋ

grandmother -PAN *baqi

grandmother - *(loan)

grandparent

ancestor, grandparent -POC *tibu₂

grandparent -POC *abu

grandparent -PMP *t-impu

grandparent -PMP *impu₂

grandparent, ancestor, lord, master, owner (voc.) -PPh *apu-q

grandparent, grandchild - *(noise)

grandparent, possibly vocative -PMP *pa-ampu

grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor -PMP *umpu

grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner -PMP *empu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address) -POC *bubu₆

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address) -PAN *bubu₆

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -POC *t-abu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -PEMP *t-ampu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -PMP *ampu

grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) -PAN *apu

grandparent/grandchild (ref.) -PMP *t-empu

grandparent/grandchild (referential term used reciprocally) -PMP *ta-umpu

grandparent/grandchild; ancestor -POC *tubu₂

great grandparent - *(loan)

great grandparent - *(noise)

regard as a grandparent or grandchild (?) -PPh *apu-en

grapple

wrestle, grapple with -PWMP *gumul

Graptophyllum

ornamental shrub used for hedgesGraptophyllum pictum -PWMP *qatay qatay₂

grasp

enclose, cover; grasp - *-kem₁(root)

grab, grasp, seize -PAN *za(ŋ)kuC

grasp in the fist -PMP *Re(ŋ)kem

grasp in the fist - *-gem(root)

grasp, embrace -PWMP *hakep

grasp, grip, squeeze -PAN *mesmes

grip, grasp - *(noise)

hook, clasp; grasp with fingers - *-bit₁(root)

misunderstand, fail to grasp -PWMP *baliŋ₁

seize, grasp -POC *sokop

seize, grasp -PMP *cekep

seize, grasp, embrace - *-kep₂(root)

seize, grasp, wrap around -PWMP *Rakep

take hold of, grasp -POC *qabi

take hold of, grasp -POC *abi

take hold of, grasp, touch with the hand -POC *taŋop

take in the hand, clasp, grasp -PMP *kemel

take in the hand, clasp, grasp -PAN *gemel

to grasp, reach for; grasping, greedy -PPH *sakém

to grip, grasp tightly -PWMP *pigeŋ

to understand, grasp something intellectually -PPH *tarús

touch, grasp -PMP *ibit

grasping

to grasp, reach for; grasping, greedy -PPH *sakém

grass

a cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears:Coix lachryma-jobi L. -PMP *zelay

be overgrown with grass or weeds -PWMP *dukut-en

cane grass,Miscanthus sp. -PAN *biRaSu

elephant grass, miscanthus grass:Themeda gigantea -PMP *taŋelaj

elephant grass, miscanthus grass:Themeda gigantea -PAN *Caŋelaj

fibrous roots, as of grass -PMP *Ramut₁

grass -PMP *dukut₂

grass -PMP *zukut

grass -PAN *udu

grass -PWMP *rikut

grass -POC *palisi₂

grass -POC *palici

grass - *(noise)

grass, brush - *(noise)

grass, herbs; medicine -PAN-F *Cemel

grass; grow densely, as grass -POC *buburu

kind of coarse grass -PPH *taŋ(e)buq₁

kind of grass -PPH *kumpáy

kind of grass -PMP *balizi

kind of grass -PMP *baliji

kind of grass or rush -PWMP *sedsed₁

kind of tall grass:Themeda gigantea -PPH *taŋ(e)laj

lemon grass:Cymbopogon spp. -PWMP *seray

new shoots of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) -PMP *mimis₁

pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth -PPH *ganút-en

pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth -PPH *gánut

swamp grass -PMP *lamun₁

sword grass,Imperata cylindrica -PMP *guRun

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -PMP *keRiq

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -POC *kuRun

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -PAN-F *Rimeja

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -PAN *Riaq

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -PMP *eRiq

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -POC *pitu₂

sword grass:Imperata cylindrica -PCEMP *bitu

to cut grass or weeds, as in preparing a field for planting -PPH *sipsíp

trimmed short, as grass; bare (of a field) -PWMP *palpal₁

uncultivated field, open grassland; field covered with sword grass (Imperata cylindrica) -PWMP *padaŋ

woman’s grass skirt -POC *nai

grasshopper

bait, grasshopper - *(noise)

grasshopper -POC *siko₁

grasshopper -PMP *batik₂

grasshopper -PWMP *bilalaŋ

grasshopper or stick insect -POC *sakwa

grasshopper, locust -PPh *dúdun

grasshopper, locust -PWMP *balalaŋ₁

orthopterus insect: cicada or grasshopper -POC *sisi(rR)

grassland

uncultivated field, open grassland; field covered with sword grass (Imperata cylindrica) -PWMP *padaŋ

grate

scrape, grate -PPH *kagúd

scrape, grate -PWMP *kerud

scrape, grate -POC *pari₁

scrape, grate -PWMP *kerus₁

scrape, grate, as coconut preparatory to cooking -POC *korit

scrape, grate, rasp -PMP *kaRud

scratch, grate -PMP *kerit

scratch, grate, scrape - *-kis₁(root)

sharpen, rub, grate -PEMP *asaq

to grate - *(noise)

to grate or shred foodstuffs -PPH *yadyád

to grate, scour, rub hard on something -PPH *ŋusŋús

to scrape, as coconut meat from a shell; to grate, as coconut meat -POC *isi₄

to scrape, rasp, grate, as in grating coconuts -PMP *kuDkuD

to whet, grate, sharpen -PAN-F *s<um>upay

grater

coconut grater -PPH *yadyad-án

grater - *(loan)

grater, rasp, as for coconuts -PWMP *kuDkuD-an

mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper -POC *kukur

to scrape; scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell:Asaphis spp. -POC *kasi

grating

sound of grating -PWMP *kad(e)rit

sound of grating, rain pounding, etc. -PPH *kaRitkit

sound of grinding or grating -PPH *kaRadkad

to scrape, rasp, grate, as in grating coconuts -PMP *kuDkuD

grave

cover with a hollow container; shelter over a grave -PWMP *suŋkub

cover with a hollow container; shelter over a grave -PWMP *cuŋkub

grave; to bury -PAN *CaNem

grave; to bury; to plant -PMP *tanem

gravel

coarse sand, gravel -PPH *pantaR

grit, coarse sand, gravel -PMP *badas

small stones, gravel -PMP *anak i batu

stony, gravel -PMP *batu-batu

graven image

graven image, statue - *(loan)

gravy

broth, gravy - *(loan)

juice; broth, soup; gravy -POC *suRuq₁

juice; sap; gravy; soup -PMP *zuRuq

gray

ash, hearth, cinder, powder, dust; gray -PMP *qabu

covered with ashes; ashen, gray -PWMP *ma-qabu

gray - *(loan)

gray hair -PAN-F *qudaS

gray hair -PMP *quban

gray hair -PAN *qubaN

have gray hair -PWMP *quban-en

have gray hair -PWMP *ma-quban

grayish

ashen, grayish -PMP *labu₂

whitish, grayish -PPH *pudaw

graze

graze, strike lightly against -PMP *tiŋkuq

prune; graze - *-teb(root)

to graze, brush against, strike at an angle -PPH *dap(e)lis

grazing

pasturage; grazing -PPH *hárab₂

grease

fat, grease; ointment -PMP *miñak

fat, grease; ointment -PMP *meñak

fat, grease; sweet taste -POC *moña-moñak

fat, grease; tasty -PWMP *tabeq

grease, oil, fat -PMP *himaR

grease, oil, fat -PAN *SimaR

oil, grease -POC *lumu₁

semen, smegma, grease -POC *biRas₂

semen, smegma, grease -POC *biRaq₃

greasy

greasy, fatty -PWMP *liñab

lard, fat, greasy scum on the surface of liquids -PPH *lanéb

great

big, great, large -POC *lapat₁

great grandparent - *(loan)

great grandparent - *(noise)

stunned by great noise -PWMP *biRaw

greedy

crocodile; greedy -PMP *buqaya

gluttonous, greedy with food -PPH *buk(e)law

to grasp, reach for; grasping, greedy -PPH *sakém

green

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PMP *kanawah

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PAN *kaNawaS

coconut growth stage 6: green drinking coconut -POC *karut₂

cook in a tube of green bamboo -PWMP *lemeŋ₂

dark green, dark blue -POC *buluŋ₃

green - *(loan)

green jobfish:Aprion virescens -PMP *qutun

green, as vegetation -PPH *luh(e)naw

intense green or blue-green -POC *keja

large green hairless stinging caterpillar -PWMP *tatadu

large green hairless stinging caterpillar -PMP *katadu

large stinging green caterpillar -PWMP *qantatadu

large stinging green caterpillar -PWMP *hantatadu

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PCEMP *ma-qetaq

raw, unripe, green (fruit), uncooked -PAN *ma-qetaq

the green turtle,Chelonia mydas -POC *poñu

the green turtle,Chelonia mydas -PMP *peñu

greenish

fighting cock with greenish feathers on light background -PWMP *hizaw

greenish fruit dove -POC *bune bune

greenish fruit dove -PMP *punay punay

greenish fruit dove -PAN *puna-punay

greenish fruit dove -PAN *punay

greet

to meet or greet someone who is arriving, or who one encounters by surprise -PPH *sabat-en

to meet or greet someone, welcome someone who is arriving -PWMP *sabat

to meet, receive; greet a guest -PWMP *temu₂

greeting

excuse oneself; greeting - *(loan)

Grewia

a tree;Grewia spp. -PMP *qanilaw

grey

mottled brown and grey (of the feathers of cocks) -PWMP *baRunbun

grief

to wail, cry out in grief -PWMP *ŋulŋul₂

grimace

grimace at pain -PMP *reŋit₂

grimace at pain -PAN *teŋiC

grimace at pain -PAN *reŋiC

grime

dirt, grime - *(near)

grin

grin widely, showing the teeth -PMP *beŋis₂

grin, show the teeth -POC *sisir₂

grin, show the teeth -POC *sisiq₂

grin, show the teeth -PMP *zizir

grin, show the teeth -POC *ŋiŋis

grin, show the teeth -PWMP *ŋiŋi

grin, show the teeth -PMP *ŋisŋis₁

grin, show the teeth -PMP *ziziq

to grin, show the teeth -PMP *ŋisi

grind

a person who turns or grinds something; an instrument used for rolling or grinding -PWMP *paŋ-giliŋ

grind to a powder, pulverize -PWMP *begbeg

mill or grind -PWMP *gariŋ

person or instrument that grinds or sharpens -PWMP *paŋ-hasaq

to grind, as by rolling over -PMP *giliŋ

to grind, be ground up by someone -PWMP *giliŋ-en

to grind, crush by grinding -PWMP *galiŋ

to turn, roll over; grind up -PWMP *g<um>iliŋ

to turn, rotate; to grind with a stone roller -PWMP *maŋ-giliŋ

grinding

a person who turns or grinds something; an instrument used for rolling or grinding -PWMP *paŋ-giliŋ

grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them -PWMP *giliŋ-an

sound of grinding or grating -PPH *kaRadkad

to grind, crush by grinding -PWMP *galiŋ

what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding -PPH *g<in>iliŋ

grindstone

whetstone, grindstone -PMP *hasaq-an

whetstone, grindstone -PAN *Sasaq-an

grinning

show the teeth, as in grinning -POC *sisi₂

grip

grasp, grip, squeeze -PAN *mesmes

grip, compress, close in on -POC *komos

grip, compress, squeeze -PMP *kemes

grip, grasp - *(noise)

grip, hold tightly - *(loan)

hold, grip -PWMP *agem₁

seize, grip - *(loan)

to grip with the teeth, as a dog in carrying something -PWMP *saŋal

to grip, grasp tightly -PWMP *pigeŋ

grit

grit, coarse sand, gravel -PMP *badas

groan

deep grunt or groan -PMP *beReŋ

groan, moan -PAN *daRiŋ

groan, moan, roar -PWMP *qereŋ

groan, moan, roar, growl -PMP *heReŋ

groan, moan, snore - *-Reŋ(root)

groan, roar -POC *uRuŋ

grunt, groan - *-ŋek(root)

moan or groan -PMP *iŋus

moan, groan -PPh *hendek

roar of a current, crashing waves, etc.; moan, groan (as in pain or when near death) -PMP *huRuŋ

snore, groan, etc. -PMP *haRuŋ

snore, groan, etc. -PAN *SaRuŋ

to groan, moan, roar -PWMP *maŋ-heReŋ

to moan, groan -POC *osi(rR)

to moan, groan, grunt -POC *ŋuRuR

groaning

sound of groaning, moaning, roaring, etc. -PMP *deReŋ

groin

groin, crotch -PPh *hitaq

groin, inner thigh where it joins the trunk -PCMP *kelen

groove

gap, open space; groove -PMP *siwaŋ

line, groove, mark made by cutting -PPH *getget₂

notch, groove -PMP *geret

grope

feel in the dark, grope -PAN *kapkap

feel, grope -PMP *zemak

feel, grope -PMP *hapuhap

feel, grope -PAN *SapuSap

feel, grope -PMP *haphap

feel, grope -PAN *SapSap

feel, grope - *-kap(root)

to grope -PWMP *dapdap₂

to grope, fumble about -PPH *kapaq-kapaq

gross

big, gross, coarse -PPH *ma-selaR

big, gross, coarse -PPH *selaR

ground

a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PMP *kali₂

a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PAN *kalih

bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku

bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad

burial ground (?) -PAN *m<in>aCay

clear the ground for a garden site -POC *poki

cleared area around house, cleared ground in village -PMP *natad

dig up the ground with a digging stick -PWMP *ma-ñuqan

elevated ground -PMP *bunduk

fall to the ground, of something heavy -PPH *bag(e)sák

flattened, as plants to the ground -PMP *hapiq

grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them -PWMP *giliŋ-an

hole in the ground -PMP *luaŋ₁

hunting ground, hunting territory -PMP *qanup-an

hunting ground, hunting territory -PAN *qaNup-an

insert(ed) vertically in the ground -PWMP *tasek

level ground; plain -PWMP *pataR₂

marshy ground -PPH *sarebséb

mud, ground, earth -PPH *lutáq

mud; earth, ground - *-tak₁(root)

mud; earth, ground - *-taq(root)

muddy, as ground -PPH *lusak

pit, deep cavity in the ground -PMP *lumbuŋ₁

plain, flat ground -PWMP *pataR-an

plant in holes in the ground -POC *asok

root up the ground, of a pig; uproot -PMP *sual

scratch the ground, as a chicken does -PWMP *kahir

scratch the ground, as a chicken does -PWMP *kahiR

scratch up the ground, as chickens -PWMP *kaqis

shake, sway, as the ground in an earthquake -PMP *huyuŋ

sit on the ground -PWMP *timpuhuq

spread out on ground -PPH *latag

spread out, as a net or clothes on the ground to dry -PPH *ladlád

stick into the ground -PWMP *tazuk

stony place, stony ground -PWMP *ka-batu-an

swidden farm in swampy ground -PWMP *latiq

tethering stake; drive a stake into the ground -PPH *palpál₂

to evaporate, as vapor rising from the ground after rain -PPH *suŋáw

to grind, be ground up by someone -PWMP *giliŋ-en

to lay down a walkway over muddy ground -PPH *latay

to roll on the ground, wallow -POC *bu(lR)i

to scratch up the ground, as chickens -PWMP *kais-an

to shake, as the ground in an earthquake -PPH *Riduq

village square; dancing ground -POC *malala

visible tree roots above the ground -PWMP *paŋkal

what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding -PPH *g<in>iliŋ

wrestle, seize and throw a person to the ground -PPH *ludeg

group

a set or group of five -PWMP *lima-an

catch a ride, join a group, ride on something -PMP *sakay₁

cluster, group -PWMP *lumpuŋ

cluster, group -PMP *lumpuk

companion, member of a group (of animals or people); friend -PWMP *kaban₁

divide into groups of five -PWMP *maR-lima

divide into groups of five -PWMP *maŋ-lima

eat together as a group -PPH *laŋlaŋ

five by five, in groups of five -PMP *lima-lima

group of eight -PPh *walu(h)-an

group of four (?) -PWMP *epat-an

group of six -PPh *enem-an

group of ten -PAN *puluq₁

group, company - *-ban(root)

group, company, collection, swarm -PMP *baban

group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster -POC *putu, butu

group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster -PCEMP *butu₂

group, pile -PMP *hebun

leader in a group -PWMP *tuqay

grouper

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu

kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *keRteŋ

large fish, probably grouper -POC *kalia

rock cod, grouper -POC *kalika

rock cod, grouper sp. -POC *kawa-kawa

grow

bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum -PAN *paheku

creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory:Ipomoea pes-caprae -PPH *balinu

fungus that grows on the sugar palm; tinder -PMP *baruk

grass; grow densely, as grass -POC *buburu

grow densely, of vegetation -PWMP *benes

grow rapidly, thrive, be healthy -PPH *talúbuq

grow, germinate, sprout -PMP *tubuq, tumbuq

let something grow, make something grow -PWMP *pa-tubuq-en

let something grow, make something grow -PPh *pa-tubuq

living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip

make something grow -POC *paka-tupuq

place where something grows or is added -PWMP *tubuq-an

tired, weary; to tire, grow tired -PPh *belay

to grow (of plants) -POC *polok

to grow weak or exhausted -PWMP *l<um>esu

to grow, spring up -POC *tubuq, tupuq

to lose weight, grow thin -PMP *sutsut₁

to sprout, begin to grow -PAN *tukul

to sprout, to grow -PMP *t<um>ubuq

to sprout, to grow -PAN *C<um>ubuq

to take root, grow roots -PWMP *maka-Ramut

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

trellis for plants to grow up -PWMP *paraq paraq

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PMP *taliŋa nu kahiw

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PAN *Caliŋa nu kaSiw

growing

abundant, growing profusely -PPH *labuŋ

tip or shoot of growing plant -PPH *ugbús

growl

be angry, growl at -PPh *íŋel₂

groan, moan, roar, growl -PMP *heReŋ

growl -PAN *ŋerŋer

growl - *(near)

growl - *(noise)

growl, whine -PMP *ŋurut

moan, growl -PPh *úŋur

to growl, as a dog -POC *ŋuru

to growl, snarl -PMP *eŋer

to snore, growl, grunt -PAN *ŋusŋus

growth

coconut growth stage 12: sprouted -POC *tabwa

coconut growth stage 6: green drinking coconut -POC *karut₂

coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened -POC *kulu₂

growth stage of rice - *(noise)

growth stage of squid -POC *ñui

growth, increase - *(noise)

hairy; hair-like growths; plants with hair-like growths -PMP *bulu bulu

increase, growth -PMP *bubuq

kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth -POC *buŋa₃

send out new growth, of vegetation -POC *tupul

to prune a tree; new growth from pruning -PPH *saliŋsíŋ

young growth stage of mullet -PMP *qaRuas

grub

sago grub -PMP *qabatiR

sago grub -POC *qapatoR

sago grub -PMP *qabateR

sago grub -POC *qapator

sago grub -PMP *qabated

grudge

brood, hold a grudge, remember, keep still -PAN *demdem₁

hold a grudge -PWMP *idap

gruel

gruel - *(loan)

rice gruel; rice porridge; to mix - *-buR₁(root)

rice porridge, rice gruel -PMP *buRbuR₁

to make into gruel, rice porridge -PPH *lugaw-en

grumble

mumble angrily, grumble -PWMP *uŋut

mumble, grumble -PWMP *temud

grunt

deep grunt or groan -PMP *beReŋ

grunt -POC *ŋok

grunt -PMP *ŋek

grunt, groan - *-ŋek(root)

grunt, moan -POC *ŋuŋuk

grunt, moan, etc. -PMP *ŋukŋuk

grunt, moan, etc. -PMP *ŋuk

grunt; snore -POC *ŋodro

grunt; snore -POC *ŋodra

sound of a grunt, etc. -PMP *ger

to moan, groan, grunt -POC *ŋuRuR

to snore, growl, grunt -PAN *ŋusŋus

to snore, grunt, etc. -POC *ŋoRo

guard

be attentive, stand guard - *(loan)

guard, sentinel; to stand guard -PPH *tánud

guard, watchman - *(loan)

guava

guava - *(loan)

guess

guess, approximate - *(loan)

guess, suspect -PPh *antap

guess, suspect - *(noise)

guest

public building, community house, guest house -PMP *balay

stranger, foreigner; guest -PPH *dáyu

stranger; visitor; guest -PWMP *sakay₃

to entertain guests, look after visitors -PPH *amuma

to live with someone as a free guest -PPH *lumun

to meet, receive; greet a guest -PWMP *temu₂

Guettarda

a plant:Guettarda speciosa -POC *pwano-pwano

guidance

instruction, guidance, help in getting started -PWMP *tuntun

guide

middle of the road, most trodden part of a path or road; guide who shows the way -PMP *mata nu zalan

to lead, guide; leader? -POC *turaŋa

gull

kind of white bird: probably gull sp. -PMP *kanaway

kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp. -POC *kanawe

gulp

eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole -PPH *lamun₂

gulp down food, gorge on one food to the exclusion of others -PWMP *lunlun

gulp, swallow -PWMP *leq(e)guk

slurp up food or water, eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *sabsab

slurp up food or water; eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *tabtab₂

to gulp, devour, eat like a pig -PPH *habhab

to gulp, swallow all at once -PMP *teguk

gummy

gummy secretion -PAN *puteq

gummy secretion of the eyes -PWMP *muteq

sap, gummy secretion -PWMP *geteq

sap, gummy secretion - *-teq(root)

gums

gums -PPH *ŋajes

gums -POC *ŋadasₐ

gums -PAN *gusi

gun

gun, rifle - *(loan)

gunpowder

gunpowder, medicine - *(loan)

gunwale

gunwale, side plank on canoe - *(loan)

gurgle

gurgle, sob - *(loan)

gurgling

make a gurgling sound -PMP *e(ŋ)guk

make a gurgling sound in the throat, or hiccup -PWMP *seguk

sound of gurgling water -PWMP *lagak

gush

gush or bubble up, of spring water -PMP *bual₂

spurt or gush out -PMP *puRcit

gust

gust, draft, current of air -POC *aŋin-aŋin

gust, draft, current of air; rumor -PMP *haŋin-haŋin

gut

gut a fish, eviscerate -PWMP *ebuq

gutter

make a gutter, ditch, or channel -PWMP *ŋ-abaŋ

guttural

deep guttural sound -PMP *heqeguk

guttural sound -PMP *eŋkut

low guttural or rumbling sound; snore, roar -PWMP *eŋker

guzzle

to lap up water, like a dog; to guzzle, drink insatiably -PPH *rakrak