fe    fi    fl    fo    fr    fu    

fabric

kind of fabric (silk?) -PMP *taluki

wear out through overuse, as fabric or a rope -PPH *rúnut

face

anger; make a face - *-ŋuC(root)

eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata

face -PCEMP *ijuŋ mata

face -PWMP *away₂

face - *(loan)

face (human) -PAN *mujiŋ

face downward - *-keb₂(root)

face, countenance -PPH *aŋas

face, looks, appearance -PWMP *paras₂

face, looks, appearance - *(loan)

face; front; prow of canoe -POC *nago

fall face downward -PWMP *taŋkeb

fall forward; put face low down -PWMP *subsub

forehead; face -PCEMP *daqi

forehead; face -PMP *daqih

forehead; face -PAN *daqiS

lie face down -PWMP *la(ŋ)keb

lie face downward -PWMP *kureb

lie face downward - *-kem₂(root)

lie prone, face down -PWMP *tiŋkeb

side of the face, cheek; side planks of a canoe -POC *babaR

to face, confront -PPh *atúbaŋ

to lie face down, lie prone -PPH *keléb

to lie face down, prone -PPH *sakeb

to lie prone, face down -PAN *kebkeb₂

to look upward; face upward -POC *tadal

wash hands, feet or face -PMP *hiñaw

wash the hands or face -PWMP *huñaw

face-down

lie prone, face-down -PWMP *leŋkeb

face powder

powder, face powder - *(loan)

face-to-face

facing, face-to-face -PPH *saru

facial

have an angry facial expression - *(noise)

facing

facing, face-to-face -PPH *saru

front, facing part -PMP *qadep

fact

truly, surely, really, in fact -PPH *talagá

fade

fade - *(near)

fade - *(noise)

fade from sight -PWMP *silem

to fade -PPH *kúpas

faded

faded - *(noise)

withered, faded -POC *maRai

withered, faded -POC *malai

fagiferus

the ‘Tahitian chestnut’:Inocarpus fagiferus orI. edulis -POC *ipi₂

Fagraea

a tree with sweet-smelling flowers:Fagraea berteroana -POC *buRat

fail

misunderstand, fail to grasp -PWMP *baliŋ₁

failure

to forfeit, lose by failure to meet an obligation -PWMP *leleb

faint

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

faint - *(noise)

to feel light-headed; to faint, lose consciousness momentarily -PPH *lipeŋ

faithful

loyal, faithful, devoted - *(loan)

Falcataria

a plant:Falcataria Moluccana -POC *pail

a plant:Falcataria Moluccana -PCEMP *bail

falcatum

a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo:Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. -PPH *gúguq

fall

attack suddenly, fall upon - *(loan)

break up, fall into pieces, scatter, disperse -PWMP *baRbaR

collapse, fall down, as a house -PWMP *rebaq

collapse, fall into ruin -PWMP *rebas

crumble, fall to bits -PMP *remuk

crumbs of food that fall on the table or floor -PWMP *muqmuq

drop off to sleep, fall asleep when one should stay awake -PWMP *ka-tuduR-en

drop, fall -PWMP *sabuq

fall - *-buq(root)

fall - *-tuq(root)

fall and continue rolling downhill -PPH *pulij

fall away, crumble (as a wall) -PWMP *empas

fall face downward -PWMP *taŋkeb

fall forward; put face low down -PWMP *subsub

fall ill, become sick -POC *masakit-ia

fall in a heap (of a person whose legs collapse) -PPH *lug(e)múk

fall out - *(noise)

fall to the ground, of something heavy -PPH *bag(e)sák

fall with a bang -PWMP *bundak

fall with a dull thud -PMP *tebuk₂

fall with a loud smack -PMP *tebak

fall with a thud -PWMP *lepuk

leak, pour out; loose or crumbling; crumble and fall -POC *pupus

numb; 'fall asleep', of a limb -PPh *ban(e)héd

retreat, fall back -PWMP *undur

rise and fall like the swells at sea -PWMP *humbak-humbak

stumble, lose balance and fall -PPH *buk(e)lid

to drop, to fall down -PPH *dagdag

to fall -POC *puka

to fall -PWMP *ma-dabuq

to fall -PWMP *dabuq

to fall -PMP *nabuq

to fall forward -PPH *sebseb

to fall ill, become very sick -PMP *ma-saki-sakit

to fall silent; keep quiet about something; keep a secret -PPH *hipes

to fall, of leaves from a tree -PPH *laglag

to fall, of many things at once; to dislodge the contents of a container by knocking it against something -PAN *taktak₁

to fall; drop anchor’ -PWMP *labuq₁

fallen

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

falling

picking of fruit; falling out of teeth -PPH *tipuq

snag, be snagged, caught in something that prevents it from falling -PPH *saq(e)ŋit

sound of ticking, rain drops falling -PPH *tagiktik

to arrest the progress of something by stopping or catching it; to support, keep from falling -PWMP *saŋgaq

fallow

fallow land; secondary forest -PMP *talun₁

fallow land; secondary forest -PAN *CaluN

false

false - *(noise)

false hair -PWMP *buhek buhek-an

fam

a shrub, the Jew’s mallow:Corchorus spp., fam.Malvaceae -PPH *salúyut

fame

fame; famous, renowned -PPH *bantug

to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR

familiar

accustomed to, familiar with; tame -PAN *ma-najam

accustomed to, familiar with; tame -PAN *najam

familiar with, accustomed to -PAN *lajam

family

a large tree in the mahogany family:Dysoxylum sp. -PWMP *tawa₂

a plant in the banana family, probablyMusa textilis -PPH *qaRutay

civet cat and similar small predatory mammals of the familyViverridae -PMP *musaŋ

goatfish, familyMullidae -POC *tiqo

goatfish, familyMullidae -PMP *tiqaw₂

member of the parrot family -PEMP *kaRa

root plant in the ginger family -PWMP *temu₃

famine

a vine, possibly arrowroot; famine food -PPH *baháy

famine -POC *soŋe

famous

fame; famous, renowned -PPH *bantug

to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR

fan

fan -POC *irir

fan -PAN *paid

fan - *(loan)

fan palm:Licuala Rumphii -POC *piRu

fan palm:Licuala Rumphii -PMP *biRu

fan; to fan -PWMP *kiab

fan; to fan -PMP *irid₁

palm used to make hats and fans -PWMP *silad

to blow on, fan -PWMP *maŋ-tiup

to fan -POC *tapo

to wave the hand, to fan oneself -PWMP *kiap

vibrate, fan - *(noise)

fancy

(lit. 'fetch the liver') capture someone's fancy -PMP *qalap qatay

fan-knife

fan-knife - *(loan)

fanning

blowing on, fanning -PMP *tiup

to wave the hand, as in beckoning someone or in fanning oneself -PPH *paypáy

to winnow by fanning -PPH *yapyap-an

to winnow by fanning -PPH *yapyáp

to winnow by fanning -PPH *yabyáb

fantail

a bird, the fantail:Rhipidura sp. -POC *takere

far

bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad

far -POC *masauq

far -PPH *adayúq

far -PMP *ma-zauq

far -POC *sauq₁

far -PMP *zauq

far -PWMP *alawid

far -PAN-F *dawiN

far - *(loan)

far apart, rare -PWMP *ma-laka

far apart; rare -PWMP *la(ŋ)ka

far, distant -PPH *hadawiq

far, far away, far off, distant -PPH *ma-adayuq

field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan

the high seas, far from land -PWMP *lahud-an

to come, arrive; reach as far as; reach a destination; to complete -PMP *teka₁

to distance oneself, move far off -PPH *d<um>ayuq

to see or look at something far away -PPH *tanɁaw-én

to see or look at something far away -PPH *taq(e)náw

until, as far as -PWMP *haŋga

until, as far as; limit, boundary -PMP *qiŋga

up to, as far as -PWMP *taman

up to, as far as, until -PMP *sampay₂

up to, until, as far as -PWMP *qeŋgah

farm

swidden farm in swampy ground -PWMP *latiq

to farm -PWMP *paR-quma

farmer

farmer -PWMP *paŋ-quma

fart

break wind, fart -PWMP *q<um>utut

fart -POC *siki

fart -POC *si₂

fart, flatulence -PAN *qetut

fart, flatulence; expression of disbelief or denial -PMP *qetut

fart, stomach gas -PCMP *pesu₂

fart; stench -PWMP *bentut

flatulence, fart -PWMP *ketut

flatulence; to fart -PMP *qutut

to fart -POC *pisi₂

to fart, break wind -PAN *q<um>etut

to fart, break wind -PAN *pa-qetut

to fart, break wind -PWMP *maR-qetut

to fart, break wind -PWMP *maŋ-qetut

fashion

move around in a circling fashion -PWMP *liliŋ-liliŋ

pave with stones; pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *qatuR-an

pile up, arrange, put in an orderly fashion -PWMP *maŋ-qatuR

to move or touch in an agitated or compulsive fashion -PPH *garaw-en

fast

fast - *(noise)

fast, fasting - *(loan)

fast, withdrawal from food - *(loan)

quick, fast -PAN *alikas

quick, fast -PWMP *kilas

quick, fast -PWMP *teras

quick, fast -PMP *rikas

quick, fast - *(near)

quick, fast, of speech or actions; often, frequently -PPH *darás

swift, fast -PAN *bekas₂

swift, fast, speedy -PPH *kaskás

swift, strong, energetic, fast -PMP *bakas₁

fasten

attach, fasten -PWMP *ta(m)bid

clip used to fasten things together -PPH *siR(e)pít

fasten or tie to - *(loan)

fasten thatch to -PWMP *qatep-i

fasten together by sewing or tying -PAN *kapit

fasten with a rope -POC *sau(rR)

fasten, as with a clip -PPH *lig(e)pít

join, fasten together, probably lengthwise -PWMP *diq(e)pit

pinch, press between; fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house -PMP *kapit

tie down, fasten by binding -PPH *takéd

tie, fasten together -PMP *sa(ŋ)kit

tighten, fasten firmly -PMP *h<um>eRet

tighten, fasten firmly -PAN *S<um>eReC

to bind, to fasten tightly by tying -PPH *i-takéd

to tie with rope, fasten with rope -PAN *C<um>aliS

fastener

fastener, thing used for fastening or making secure - *(loan)

fastening

a clasp or button, fastening or closing device -PWMP *kaput-an

fastener, thing used for fastening or making secure - *(loan)

fastidious

choosy, fussy, fastidious -PMP *ma-piliq

fasting

fast, fasting - *(loan)

fat

fat - *(loan)

fat - *(noise)

fat, corpulent -PWMP *ma-tabeq

fat, grease; ointment -PMP *miñak

fat, grease; ointment -PMP *meñak

fat, grease; sweet taste -POC *moña-moñak

fat, grease; tasty -PWMP *tabeq

fat, oil; oily, tasty -PCMP *bura₁

fat; sweet, tasty -POC *moñak₂

gain weight, get fat(ter) -POC *tubu₃

grease, oil, fat -PMP *himaR

grease, oil, fat -PAN *SimaR

lard, fat, greasy scum on the surface of liquids -PPH *lanéb

fatal

coup-de-grace, fatal blow -PPH *lunsan

fate

fate - *(loan)

luck, fortune, fate - *(loan)

father

father -PMP *papa₂

father -POC *baba₆

father -PMP *baba₂

father -PMP *t-amax

father -PAN *da-amax

father -PAN *amax

father -PAN *aba₁

father (ref.) -PAN *ta-amax

father (ref.) -PAN *si amax

father (voc.) -PMP *ama-i

father (voc.) -PMP *ama-q

father (voc.) -PMP *amá-ŋ

father, uncle, elder sibling - *(noise)

father’s brother -PAN *mamah

father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband -PMP *aya₂

father's brother -PWMP *kam-ama-an

father's sister, possibly address term -PMP *ema-q

father's sister, possibly address term -PMP *ema₁

mother's sister, father's sister -PWMP *kam-ina-en

parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of*ama -PMP *mama

relationship of father and child -PWMP *paR-ama-en

relationship of father and children -POC *paRi-tama

relationship of father and children -PWMP *paRi-amax

to be father and child -PAN *maR-amax

treat like a father -PMP *pa(ka)-amax

young child’s term for father -POC *mama

fatherhood

fatherhood -PWMP *ka-ama-en

fathom

fathom -POC *ŋapa₁

fathom -POC *ropa

fathom -PAN *depah

to measure by fathoms -PWMP *depa-i

to measure by fathoms -PWMP *depa-en

to measure in fathoms -PPH *man-depa

to span with outstretched arms, measure in fathoms -PWMP *d<um>epa

fatigued

fatigued, exhausted -PWMP *lesu₃

fatty

fatty hump on the back of a buffalo, etc. -PWMP *kulasa

greasy, fatty -PWMP *liñab

fault

accuse someone, find fault with someone (?) -PWMP *ma-ñalaq

curse, hex; to bewitch; to criticize, find fault with -PPH *pintás

error, mistake; fault, offense -PWMP *ka-salaq-an

have faults, be at fault (?) -PWMP *ka-salaq

to blame, accuse of error or fault; to punish -PMP *pa(ka)-salaq

to blame, assign fault to (?) -PWMP *salaq-an

wrong, in error (of behavior); miss (a target); mistake, error, fault -PMP *salaq₁

fauna

condylar bone, bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PWMP *tuqelaŋ

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PMP *tuqelan

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PAN *CuqelaN

fear

avoid someone out of fear -PWMP *ketiR

be struck by fear; a state of fear or worry -PWMP *ka-takut-an

cry out, as in pain or fear -PMP *beŋit

exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc. -PMP *qi₁

experience fear - *(noise)

fear -PAN *takut

fear; fearful, afraid -POC *matakut

for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound -PPH *kebá

provoke fear (?) -PWMP *pa-nakut

to fear, be intimidated by -POC *nopo-nopo

to frighten, cause to fear -PMP *paka-takut

fearful

apprehensive, fearful -PWMP *gigir

fear; fearful, afraid -POC *matakut

fearful, afraid -PAN *ma-takut

fearful, cowardly -PAN *ma-talaw

timid, fearful; coward -PAN *talaw

feast

distribute, as food at a feast -POC *wa(n)se

feast - *(loan)

food laid out for a feast -PPH *das(e)qaR

religious feast, festivity -PWMP *gaway₂

feather

body hair, feather -POC *lamu₂

body hair, feathers -PPh *bulbúl

body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants -POC *pulu₃

body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁

body hair; fur; feather; down; floss on plant stems; color; type, kind -PMP *bulu₁

chicken feathers -PMP *bulu ni manuk

delouse; preen the feathers -PWMP *ma-ñiksik

delouse; preen the feathers -PWMP *siksik₁

feather vane on an arrow -PPH *pulád

feathers -POC *pulu ni manuk

feathers under chin of rooster, chin whiskers -PWMP *bauk

fighting cock with greenish feathers on light background -PWMP *hizaw

hair, feather -POC *ipu-

kind of cockatoo with red neck feathers -POC *supiri

kind of cockatoo with red neck feathers -POC *sipiri

long feathers used for personal adornment -PAN-F *RiNaS

long tail feathers of bird or rooster -PMP *lawi₁

lose hair or feathers - *(noise)

molting, losing hair or feathers -PWMP *ka-butbut-an

remove hair or feathers -PPh *hi-bulbul

shabby looking, in disarray, of the feathers of fowls -PWMP *kuyu

shabby looking, in disarray, of the feathers of fowls -PWMP *kuyut

something that resembles a tail feather (?) -PWMP *lawi-lawi

FeB

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me -PMP *ua₂

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ -PMP *uaq

feces

feces, excrement -POC *take₂

feces, excrement -POC *taqe₂

feces, excrement -PMP *taqay

feces, excrement -PMP *taqi

feces, excrement -PAN *Caqi

feces, excreta -PMP *taki

feces, excreta -PAN *Caki

fed

to feed, be fed -PAN *pa-kaen-en

was fed by someone -PAN *p<in>a-kaen

feeble

weak, feeble, unable to perform -PPH *ma-kápuy

weakness, debility; feeble, unable to perform -PPH *kápuy

feed

bait; fodder; to feed animals -PCEMP *paniŋ

feed - *(noise)

food, to feed -PWMP *maŋan

food; to feed -PMP *paŋan

food; to feed -POC *paŋan

food; to feed, nourish -PMP *p<in>aŋan

to feed -PAN *pa-kaen

to feed, be fed -PAN *pa-kaen-en

to feed, catch with bait -PWMP *maŋ-umpan

feeding

feeding trough -PWMP *paluŋ-en

feeding trough -PWMP *paluŋ-an

feeding trough -PWMP *paluŋ₁

pet animal, animal that is tamed by humans feeding it -POC *paŋan-i

feel

be lazy, feel lazy -PPH *tamad-an

be or feel cold -POC *pout

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

feel affection or compassion for -PWMP *maR-qasiq

feel fit, healthy -PMP *se(ŋ)ger

feel in the dark, grope -PAN *kapkap

feel oppressed -PWMP *siqir

feel sad about, deplore -PWMP *iruq

feel with the feet, as in finding clams under the sand -PPH *sedsed₃

feel, grope -PMP *zemak

feel, grope -PMP *hapuhap

feel, grope -PAN *SapuSap

feel, grope -PMP *haphap

feel, grope -PAN *SapSap

feel, grope - *-kap(root)

feel, hold in the hand -PWMP *gamak

feel, touch -PPh *hipuq

itch, feel itchy -PAN *gaCel

itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated -PMP *gatel

sulk; feel remorse -PPH *tampuq

to feel light-headed; to faint, lose consciousness momentarily -PPH *lipeŋ

to feel sorry for (?) -PWMP *ma-sayaŋ

to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight -PMP *deŋeR

to know (a person), recognize, be acquainted with; to feel, perceive -PAN *kilala

to pity, have mercy on, feel compassion for -PMP *ma-qasiq

feeling

harbor bad feelings toward - *(noise)

harden one's feelings, become inured -PWMP *kalis

have a painful feeling in the teeth, as when eating something very sour or cold, or hearing a screeching or scratching sound -PWMP *ŋilu-an

inner self, feelings, mind -POC *loto₁

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings -POC *ralom

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings, liver (fig.) -PMP *dalem

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

to abate, of strong feelings -PMP *puqas

feet

bruised or cramping, of feet after too much walking -PPH *tíkal

feel with the feet, as in finding clams under the sand -PPH *sedsed₃

press feet against -PPH *sikád-an

push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad

stamp the feet -PWMP *anzak

stamp the feet; step, leap -PWMP *tanzak

stamping of feet -PPH *kudúg

thresh grain with the feet -PWMP *maŋ-Riqek

thresh with the feet (as rice) -PAN *iRik

thresh with the feet, as rice -PAN *qiRik

tie the feet together -PMP *rimpuŋ

to bind, tie the hands or feet -PWMP *Rapus-en

to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered; restraining rope -PMP *Rapus

to stamp the feet -PWMP *tandak

wash hands, feet or face -PMP *hiñaw

feign

feign, pretend - *(noise)

somewhat blind; feign blindness -PWMP *buta buta₁

feline

wild feline -PWMP *qari-maquŋ

Felis domesticus

cat, Felis domesticus - *(loan)

fell

to fell a tree, cut down bamboo -PPH *pukán-en

to fell a tree, cut down bamboo -PPH *púkan

to fell trees -PMP *tebaŋ

to fell trees, as in preparing a swidden -PWMP *ma-nebeŋ

felling

felling of trees to make a swidden -PWMP *Rebaq

felling of trees, as in preparing a swidden -PWMP *tebeŋ

notch, as in a tree that has been cut prior to felling -PWMP *baŋbaŋ₇

fellow

fellow villager -PPh *ka-hili-an

fellow villager, fellow community-member -PMP *anak i banua

mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order -PWMP *sama

female

female -POC *pine

female -PAN *bahi

female breast -POC *mata ni susu

female breast -POC *nunu₃

female breast -PAN *nunuh

female breast; udder -PAN *susu₁

female genitalia -PMP *teli

female genitalia (child’s word?) -PAN *pipi₂

female genitalia, vulva -PWMP *pukak

female, of animals -PMP *tina

female, of animals -PAN *taina

female, woman -POC *mapine

female, woman -PAN *ma-b<in>ahi

female, woman, wife; female of animals -PMP *bahi

maid, female servant - *(loan)

mother, mother's sister; female animal -PMP *ina

mother, mother's sister; female animal; largest member of a set -PCEMP *ina

old woman; female, of animals -PPH *bakes₂

term of address for females - *(noise)

term of address for older female relative -PPH *nana₂

term of reference for older female relative -PPH *dada₂

woman, female -PCEMP *b<in>ai

woman, female -PAN *ba-bahi

woman, female -PCEMP *bai

woman, female - *(noise)

woman; female -PPH *bu-bahi

woman; female -POC *pai-p<in>ai

woman; female -PMP *ba-b<in>ahi

woman; female; sister (male speaker) -POC *papine

fence

enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field -PMP *pager

fence -PPH *labat

fence - *(loan)

fence, barrier; enclosure -PWMP *tendek₂

fence, enclosure -POC *qaRa₂

fence, wall -PPH *alabat

fence, wall -POC *qalar

fence, wall -PAN *qalad

fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *bara₄

fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *baRa

fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *bala₄

neck shackle to prevent an animal from passing through fences -PMP *pagal

fencepost

wooden nail, dowel; drive in, as a wooden nail, dowel, or fencepost -PAN *pasek

fennel

anise, aniseed, fennel:Foeniculum vulgare -PWMP *hadas

fermented

fermented drink made from coconut juice, palm juice, etc. -PPH *lambanug

fermented rice -PWMP *nasi

fermented rice -PWMP *asi₃

kind of fermented drink -PWMP *kilaŋ

rice wine; yeast; fermented rice; fermented rice cake -PWMP *tapay

fermenting

substance used in fermenting palm wine - *(noise)

fern

a climbing fern:Lygodium circinatum -PWMP *ituq₁

a fern:Lygodium spp. -PMP *nituq

bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum -PAN *paheku

fern -PWMP *paku

fern sp. -PMP *qaRsam

fern used for tying and binding -POC *qasam

kind of fern -POC *asam

kind of fern -PMP *aResam

kind of fern:Acrostichum aureum -PWMP *piay

tree fern -PMP *puni₁

tree fern -PMP *apuni

ferocious

wild, ferocious -PWMP *buas

ferox

hairy eggplant:Solanum ferox Linn. -PPH *basula

fertile

fertile, of soil -PMP *lemek₂

satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating); fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food -POC *masuR

fertility

spoiled, gone to waste; never realized, of potential for fertility -PPH *báqug

fertilizer

fertilizer - *(loan)

festivals

to sing in unison, as in traditional festivals -PWMP *ñañuy

festive maiden

festive maiden - *(loan)

festivity

religious feast, festivity -PWMP *gaway₂

fetch

able to fetch, get, take, reach -PPh *maka-alap

fetch water, scoop up water -PMP *qasu₁

fetch water, scoop up water -PMP *asu₂

fetch, get, take -PAN *um-alaq

fetch, get, take -PWMP *maŋ-alaq₁

fetch, get, take -PAN *alaq₁

fetch, get, take -PWMP *alap-en

fetch, get, take -PWMP *um-alap

fetch, get, take -PWMP *maŋ-alap

fetch, get, take -PAN *alap

scoop up in a net; fetch water by scooping up -PMP *saruk

take, get, fetch, obtain; marry -PAN *ala

to fetch water -PPH *saR(e)qeb

to fetch water (for drinking) -PPH *sakedu-en

to fetch water (for drinking) -PPH *sakedú

to fetch, get, take -PAN *um-ala

fetched

be fetched, be taken -PAN *ma-ala

fetched, gotten, taken -PWMP *ka-alap-an

fetched, gotten, taken -PWMP *ka-alap

place where something is fetched -PWMP *paŋ-alap-an

taken, fetched -PWMP *ma-alaq

fetching

vessel for fetching water from a well, objects from a pit, etc -PMP *timba

fetid

fetid, foul-smelling -PMP *qaŋiR

fetter

fetter, restriction -PWMP *letak₂

fever

fever, illness -PWMP *damdam

nightmare, fever - *(near)

few

a few, several (?) -POC *pica pica

few - *(near)

interrogative of quantity: how much?, how many?; adjective of indefinite quantity: some, several, a few -PAN *pijax

little, few, small in amount -PAN *dikit

little, few; small amount -PWMP *etik

small in quantity, few; trifling amount -PMP *emit

small, little; few -PAN *qitik₁

small; few -POC *bitiq₂

small; few -PMP *bitiq₁

FeZ

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me -PMP *ua₂

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ -PMP *uaq

fiancé

fiancé, engagement - *(loan)

fiber

Hibiscus tiliaceus, a tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage; to lash, tie, bind -POC *paRu

a jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets -POC *kabe₁

a plant yielding useful fibers:Thespesia populnea -PMP *balu₁

a plant, the bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting:Maranta dichotoma -PWMP *banban

abaca fiber; fiber-yielding plant; kind of tree with bark that yields a vine-like fiber -PPH *lánut

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root -PMP *uRat

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; sinew; tendon; ligament; fiber; tough, sinewy -POC *uRat

bundle of thread or plant fibers -PPH *lábag

carded kapok fibers -PWMP *paŋ-busuR

fiber of banana stalk -PPH *upas₂

hairy, covered with hair or fibers -PWMP *ma-bulu

hunting bow; bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber -PMP *busuR₂

husk, coarse hair or fiber - *-but₂(root)

husk, fiber - *-nut(root)

plant fiber; coconut husk, fibers of areca nuts, fibers covering mango seeds, etc. -PWMP *sabut

plant fibers -PMP *Runut

string, rope, cordage made by twining fibers -PPH *lúbid

thread or fibers used in weaving -PWMP *rambut

to card kapok fibers with a bow-like instrument -PWMP *maŋ-busuR

to come apart, as the fibers of a rope -PPH *basbas₅

tree with fiber used to make fish nets -POC *tail

twist fibers into twine -PPH *lubid-en

fiber-yielding

abaca fiber; fiber-yielding plant; kind of tree with bark that yields a vine-like fiber -PPH *lánut

fibrous

be fibrous -PPh *bunut-en

fibrous and dry to the taste -PPH *sagapsap

fibrous husk of coconut -PMP *benut₁

fibrous integument at the base of coconut fronds -POC *kaka₃

fibrous material at base of coconut frond -PPH *epis

fibrous roots, as of grass -PMP *Ramut₁

Ficus

Ficus sp. -POC *kamwa-kamwa

a shrub with edible figs:Ficus tinctoria -POC *taŋa₃

a tree:Ficus sp. -PPH *lab(e)nuR

a tree:Ficus sp. -PPH *tebéR

a tree:Ficus sp. -PWMP *bunut₂

a tree:Ficus spp. -PMP *qaRa₁

kind of banyan tree,Ficus sp. -POC *baka₂

tree with leaves like sandpaper:Ficus spp. -PMP *qa(m)pelas

fidgeting

restless, fidgeting -PWMP *Resaq

fidgety

restless, fidgety - *(loan)

field

bird clapper (to frighten them from fields) - *(loan)

boundary between adjacent rice fields -PAN-F *Naqeji

cultivated field, garden -PMP *q<in>uma

enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field -PMP *pager

field hut -PAN *sapaw

field hut in the rice fields -PMP *kubu

field hut, granary -PMP *lepaw₂

field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan

field made by dibbling -PPh *hesek-án

frighten off birds or animals from the fields; place used to frighten off birds or animals from the fields -PWMP *buRaw-an

interjection used to halt a carabao in the fields -PPH *luá

paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field -PAN *baŋaw

rice bird, small bird found in rice fields -PPH *máya

rice field -PPh *ka-hemay-an

rice in the field; rice plant -PAN *pajay

scarecrow device in paddy field - *(near)

to cut grass or weeds, as in preparing a field for planting -PPH *sipsíp

to overflow its banks, of a river; to flood field (for planting) -PPH *layas₂

trample earth, turn into mud, as a paddy field prior to planting -PWMP *lucak

uncultivated field, open grassland; field covered with sword grass (Imperata cylindrica) -PWMP *padaŋ

fierce

fierce, intense, as of appetite or temper -PAN *garaŋ₁

fiery

fiery, on fire -PWMP *ma-hapuy

fifth

fifth (ordinal numeral) -PMP *ika-lima

fifth (ordinal numeral) -PAN *Sika-lima

fifth in order -PWMP *kuma-lima

fifty

fifty -PAN *ma-lima-N

fifty -PMP *lima ŋa puluq

fig

a shrub with edible figs:Ficus tinctoria -POC *taŋa₃

a tree: the banyan or strangler fig -PMP *nunuk

a tree: the banyan or strangler fig -PPh *balítiq

banyan, strangler fig -PEMP *qayawan

fight

fight -POC *(bp)ala₂

fight - *(noise)

provoke a fight -PWMP *atis

short-tempered, hot-headed, quick to fight -PMP *buteŋ

to make war on, fight with -POC *palu₄

to quarrel, argue, fight -PPH *áway

fighters

touching, adjacent, as fighters presenting a united front -PWMP *sundul

fighting

fighting cock (?) -PWMP *paŋ-bulaŋ

fighting cock with greenish feathers on light background -PWMP *hizaw

tie an artificial spur to the leg of a fighting cock -PWMP *maŋ-bulaŋ

to separate people who are fighting -PPH *awat₂

fight with fists

box, fight with fists - *(loan)

figure

carved wooden figure, charm used to provide magical protection -PMP *uduq₂

filaments

hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -POC *bulut₂

hairy filaments of certain plants, husk -PMP *bulut₁

filching

pilfering, filching, stealing small amounts -PPH *kúpit

file

a file, rasp -POC *kikir

file, line, row - *(loan)

rasp, file -PMP *parud

rasp, file -PAN *kiRkiR

to file, rasp -PMP *kiDkiD

filed

scraped or filed down -PPh *iqit

fill

caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -PWMP *bulit-en

caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -POC *bulit₂

caulk, fill up a hole or crack with viscous material -PMP *bulit₁

dam, dyke, embankment; to fill a hole with earth; to heap up -PMP *tambak₂

fill a hole with earth; cover something with a heap of earth -PMP *bunbun

fill it (imper.); be filled -POC *qutup-ia

fill the mouth with food or water -PAN *qumuR

fill with liquid -POC *qutup-i

fill with water -PMP *tanum₁

stuff or fill with material -PWMP *zelzel

submerge a container to fill it -POC *qutup

submerge a container to fill it -PEMP *qutub

to caulk, fill a hole -PWMP *pakal

to fill -PWMP *penuq-an

to fill -PWMP *maŋ-penuq

to fill -PWMP *maŋ-isi

to fill, cause to become full -POC *pa-ponuq

to fill, cause to become full -PMP *pa-penuq

to fill, make complete -PWMP *p<um>enuq

to fill; fill it! -PWMP *penuq-en

to provision, fill up -PWMP *penpen₁

to replace someone, fill a vacancy -PPH *pulih-an

to stuff, pack, fill up -POC *sosok

filled

bear fruit; fruitful, filled with fruit -PMP *ma-buaq

fill it (imper.); be filled -POC *qutup-ia

filled -PWMP *p<in>enuq

filled -PPH *na-penuq

filled with -PMP *ma-isi

filled with air, bloated -PWMP *haŋin-an

soaked, saturated, full of liquid; crowded or filled to overflowing -PMP *teReb

swollen, filled out -PMP *kembuŋ

what is filled; container -PWMP *isi-an

filler

whatchamacallit, filler for word that cannot be recollected -PWMP *kua₂

filling

act of filling? -PWMP *ka-penuq-an

fillip

jump repeatedly; knock or fillip repeatedly -POC *pitik-pitik

snap the fingers; flick with the finger, fillip -PAN *betik₁

to fillip, flick with the finger -POC *pidik

to fillip, flick with the finger -PMP *pitik₁

filter

to strain, filter -PWMP *tapis₃

filth

dirt filth - *(noise)

dirt, filth - *(noise)

fin

ear; various types of bracket fungi; pectoral fins of a fish -POC *taliŋa

fin - *(noise)

fin of a fish -PPh *p<al>ikpik

finch

kind of small bird, probably finch or sparrow -PWMP *pipiqit

type of finch, rice bird -PWMP *apiRit

type of finch, rice bird -PWMP *ampeRij

find

accuse someone, find fault with someone (?) -PWMP *ma-ñalaq

curse, hex; to bewitch; to criticize, find fault with -PPH *pintás

divine, find by divination, tell fortunes - *(loan)

finding

be attracted to, swarm around, as ants do on finding food -PPH *dapu

feel with the feet, as in finding clams under the sand -PPH *sedsed₃

fine

fine - *(loan)

fine dust, airborne dust -PMP *sapuk

fine particles, powder which results from pounding grains, etc.; pulverize grains -PMP *bekbek₁

fine, of the mesh of a fish net -POC *mata riki

pound into fine particles -PWMP *maŋ-bekbek

pulverized, pounded fine - *-dek₂(root)

smooth, fine (of texture) -PWMP *linis

fineness

thinness, fineness of texture -PWMP *taRpis

finest

dress up, be decked out in one’s finest clothing -PWMP *kena

fine-toothed

fine-toothed lice comb -PWMP *sujud

finger

be picked up or carried dangling from the fingers -PWMP *bitbit-en

crotch, fork of the legs; span, fork of the fingers -POC *saŋa₁

crotch, fork of the legs; span, fork of the fingers -PEMP *saŋa₁

finger - *(near)

finger (?) -POC *bwisi

finger (lit. 'fruit of the hand') -PMP *buaq ni lima

finger, toe -POC *taŋan

finger, toe -PMP *taŋan

finger, toe; tentacles of octopus -PPH *gulamay

finger, toe; tentacles of octopus -PPH *galamáy

flick with the finger -PPH *lituk₂

flick with the finger; sound of flicking -PWMP *letik

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

hook with fingers -PPH *labit

hook, clasp; grasp with fingers - *-bit₁(root)

index finger -PAN *Cuzuq

index finger -PMP *t<an>uzuq

index finger -PWMP *pa-nuzuq

little finger -PWMP *k<al>iŋkiŋ

little finger -PWMP *iŋkiŋ

little finger, pinkie -PMP *anak i lima

little finger, pinky -PWMP *kaliŋkiŋ

little finger, pinky -PMP *kiŋkiŋ₃

pick out with the fingers -PCMP *kisi

pick up or carry dangling from the fingers -PWMP *maR-bitbit

pick up or carry dangling from the fingers -PWMP *maŋ-bitbit

pick up with the fingers -PWMP *pundut

pinch, take up with the fingers -PWMP *zepit

pointer, index finger -PWMP *tu-tuzuq

poke, as with finger -PPH *tundek

pull at body part; hold something dangling from the fingers -PMP *bitbit₂

roll with fingers - *(near)

snap the fingers; flick with the finger, fillip -PAN *betik₁

snap the fingers; the sound produced by snapping the fingers -PWMP *ketik

snap, as the fingers or a slingshot -PAN *peCik

squeeze between thumb and finger -PWMP *pi(n)zit

squeeze between thumb and finger -PWMP *pizet

squeeze between; pinch, take between fingers -PMP *Ri(m)pit

supernumerary, as an extra finger or toe -PAN *sipiŋ

take with fingers - *(noise)

take with the fingers -PWMP *cubit

tap, touch, or reach in with the finger -PWMP *kuhit

to fillip, flick with the finger -POC *pidik

to fillip, flick with the finger -PMP *pitik₁

to pinch, hold between the fingers -PPH *pidut

to pull on or out with the fingers -PPH *húRut

fingernail

claw, talon, fingernail -PMP *k<an>uhkuh

claw, talon, fingernail -PAN *k<aN>uSkuS

claw, talon, fingernail -PMP *kukuh

claw, talon, fingernail -PAN *kuSkuS₁

crush lice with the fingernails -POC *tidros

crush lice with the fingernails -PMP *tindes

fingernail, toenail, claw -PPH *sulu₂

fingernail, toenail; claw -PWMP *silu₂

fingertip

carry dangling from the fingertips -PMP *binit₁

hold with the fingertips -PCMP *biqit

mark made with fingertip -PPH *tul(e)dek

finish

end, complete, finish -PAN *tapus

end, conclude, finish -PMP *te(m)pus

end, finish - *-pus₁(root)

end, finish; used up, finished -PMP *upus

end, terminate, finish, use up - *-bus(root)

finish - *(noise)

finish something -POC *opus

finish, use up -PWMP *timpus

stop, end, finish, complete; finished, used up -PMP *qeti₃

stump, stub; finish, complete -PMP *epus

to complete, finish -PMP *tu(m)pus

to end, finish, complete something -PWMP *putput₃

to finish, consume, use up -PPH *ubus

to finish, to end -PPH *wakas₂

finished

all; finished -PAN *amin

end, finish; used up, finished -PMP *upus

finished, completed; all gone -PWMP *puspus₁

finished, gone -PMP *qubus

finished, gone -PWMP *ebus

finished, used up -POC *qoti

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabis

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabiq

stop, end, finish, complete; finished, used up -PMP *qeti₃

finish off (eating... work... etc.)

finish off (eating... work... etc.) - *(near)

fire

(what) was warmed by a fire -PWMP *d<in>aŋdaŋ

apply fire to -PWMP *maŋ-hapuy-i

broil; warm oneself or something near a fire -PAN *daŋdaŋ₁

build a fire (?) -PWMP *maR-hapuy

click or clink together, as stones in making fire -PPH *santik

cook over a fire -PMP *baŋi₂

douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire -PMP *sebuh

douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire’ -PAN *sebuS

douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire’ -PAN *sebuS

dry near a fire - *-gaŋ(root)

expose to fire -PPH *maR-daŋdaŋ

expose to the heat of a fire or the sun -PWMP *maŋ-daŋdaŋ

expose to the heat of a fire or the sun -PPH *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ

extinguish a fire - *(noise)

fiery, on fire -PWMP *ma-hapuy

fire -POC *api

fire -PEMP *api

fire -PMP *hapuy

fire -PAN *Sapuy

fire saw; tie a tool around the hand or some other fixture -PPH *kulili

firebrand; unconsumed wood in a fire; charred wood -PWMP *aliten

firewood, what is used to make a fire -POC *papian

firewood, what is used to make a fire -PMP *pa-hapuy-an

flaming, on fire -PMP *tutuŋ-an

fuel for fire, anything used to start a fire -PPH *hátuŋ

glow or flame of fire -POC *pururuŋ

head louse; sparks from a fire; water striker (insect that walks on water) -PMP *kutu₁

heat or dry something near a fire -PWMP *gaŋgaŋ

hollow cane for blowing on the fire -PWMP *heyup heyup

ignite; kindle; set fire to -PPH *súlsul

kindle, light a fire, set ablaze -POC *bula₁

make fire with a fireplow -POC *suka₃

place something near a fire -PAN *daŋdaŋ-an

push, slide or glide forward, as in pushing wood into a fire, or storming the enemy -PWMP *suruŋ

put in or over a fire -PWMP *alub

roast food over a fire -POC *tunu tunu

roast food over a fire -PMP *tunu

roast food over a fire -PAN *CuNuh

roast over a fire, toast -PWMP *paŋgaŋ

rub two things together, create friction, as sticks to make fire, or the hands -PMP *kusu₁

set alight, apply fire to -PWMP *culcul

set fire to - *(noise)

set fire to, smoke out -PMP *sunuR

set on fire -PWMP *maŋ-hapuy

set on fire, burn -PWMP *tutuD

sparks from a fire -PMP *buŋa ni hapuy

sparks of fire -PWMP *anak i hapuy

start a fire -PWMP *epan

stir up a fire - *(noise)

tinder; start a fire -PPH *lublúb

to be dried near a fire or by the sun -PWMP *daŋdaŋ-en

to burn or set a fire under to smoke out -PPH *sunúg-en

to burn, expose to fire -PPH *sil(e)qáb

to dessicate, parch near a fire -PWMP *salay

to extinguish, douse a fire -PWMP *pideŋ

to extinguish, douse a fire -PAN *padeŋ

to extinguish, douse a fire -PWMP *padem

to hiss or steam, of water touching a fire -PWMP *s<um>ebuh

to hiss or steam, of water touching a fire -PAN *s<um>ebuS

to ignite, set fire to -PMP *tutuŋ

to singe, blacken the surface with fire -PPH *sárab

to smoulder, of a fire -PWMP *ŋutŋut₃

to warm by a fire - *-daŋ₂(root)

warm oneself or something near a fire; heat or dry near a fire -PMP *daŋdaŋ₁

firebrand

firebrand; unconsumed wood in a fire; charred wood -PWMP *aliten

firefly

firefly -POC *totop

firefly -PMP *teptep

firefly -POC *qali-popot

firefly -PWMP *hapuy hapuy₁

firefly -PWMP *salim-petpet

firefly -PMP *qali-petpet

firefly -PWMP *kalim-petpet

fireplace

fireplace, hearth -PWMP *hapuy-an

fireplace, hearth -PWMP *paR-hapuy-an

fireplow

make fire with a fireplow -POC *suka₃

tree with wood used to make fireplows -POC *qalo₂

firewood

chop up, as firewood -PAN-F *k<um>etun

firewood -PPH *gatuŋ

firewood -POC *aluton

firewood - *(noise)

firewood, what is used to make a fire -POC *papian

firewood, what is used to make a fire -PMP *pa-hapuy-an

one who gathers firewood (?) -PWMP *pa-ŋahiw

to gather wood, as for fuel; gather firewood -PWMP *ma-ŋahiw

wrap up; bundle, bundle of firewood -POC *pokos

firm

constipation; packed hard and firm -PMP *etel

firm, solid - *(loan)

firm, steady, strong -PWMP *pageq

hard, firm -POC *patu₃

steadfast, firm - *(loan)

steadfast, firm - *(noise)

tight, firm -PMP *ma-heRet

tight, firm -PAN *ma-SeReC

tighten, make firm, of a binding -PWMP *maŋ-heRet

firmly

bind firmly -PWMP *tekes

bound firmly -PMP *i(ŋ)kes

encircle, wrap firmly around - *-kes(root)

hold firmly - *(noise)

hold firmly, concentrate -PWMP *pegeŋ

hold tightly or firmly -POC *tabe

push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad

stick to, adhere firmly -PMP *kukuq

tighten, fasten firmly -PMP *h<um>eRet

tighten, fasten firmly -PAN *S<um>eReC

to clasp firmly -POC *kokom-i

to stick, adhere firmly -POC *rokot

wrap firmly around, encircle tightly -POC *likos

wrap firmly around, encircle tightly -PMP *likes

first

affines of the first ascending or zero generation -POC *puŋao

base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun

collateral consanguine of the first ascending generation -PAN *tata₁

first -PPh *unah-an

first -PWMP *ika-isa

first cousin -PPH *pinsan

first of anything; first fruits; prime, new, untainted, virgin -PMP *buŋas

first of anything; first fruits; prime, new, untainted, virgin -PWMP *buŋaR

first of anything; new, untainted, virgin -PWMP *buŋaR-an

first, before, anterior in time -PAN *(q)uNah

first, before, anterior in time -PMP *huna

first, foremost; to precede -POC *muqa

foundation, first part? -PWMP *p<am>uqun

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

go first -PMP *um-unah

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu

precede, go or be first; earlier, former -PMP *unah

still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else) -PAN *pa₁

to do or go first -PMP *h<um>una

to do or go first; to lead -PMP *(q)<um>una

to do or go first; to lead -PAN *(q)<um>uNah

to unite, unify; first cousin -PWMP *pisan

first-born

first-born child, eldest child -PPH *paŋánay

first-born, eldest child (lit. 'head child') -PMP *anak a qulu

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu

fish

a fish, large emperor:Lethrinus sp. -POC *kasika

a fish, small emperor -POC *koraŋa

a fish, the banded sweetlips,Plectorhinchus spp. -POC *lau

a fish, the barracuda -POC *qono₁

a fish, the climbing perch:Anabas testudineus -PWMP *puyu-puyu

a fish, the climbing perch:Anabas testudineus -PWMP *puyu₁

a fish, the emperor:Lethrinus spp. -POC *surup₂

a fish, the emperor:Lethrinus spp. -POC *sabutu

a fish, the fusilier:Caesionidae sp. -POC *sulik

a fish, the fusilier:Caesionidae sp. -PMP *sulig

a fish, the mullet -POC *kanase

a fish, the mullet -PMP *kanasay

a fish, the rainbow runner:Elagatis bipinnulata -POC *kamaRi

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod -PWMP *kurapu

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu

a fish, the sea-bream:Sparus hasta -PWMP *bakukuŋ

a fish, the skipjack tuna or bonito -POC *qatun

a fish, the snapper:Lutjanus spp. -PWMP *bambaŋen

a fish:Lethrinidae spp. -POC *kulabo

a fish:Lethrinus spp. -POC *susul₁

a fish:Scomberoides sp. -PMP *daRi

a fish: barracuda sp. -PMP *qalu

a fish: sardine spp. -PWMP *tamban

a fish: snapper sp. -PPH *maŋaRat

a fish: the big-eyed scadTrachurops crumenophthalmus -PMP *qatulay

a fish: the mullet -PAN *kaNasay

a fish: triggerfish sp.(?) -POC *bakul₂

a fish: triggerfish sp.(?) -PMP *pakul

a fish: wrasse spp. -PMP *mamin₁

a large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally -PMP *pilu

a large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally -PMP *bilu-bilu

a marine fish sp. -PPH *kubalan

a marine fish, probably the silver bream -PWMP *kapas kapas

a marine fish: probably the horse mackerel -PWMP *talaŋ-talaŋ

a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -POC *punat

a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PMP *bunat

a plant with root used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PWMP *tub(e)liq

a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah

a sea fish, the rudderfish:Kyphosus cinerascens -PPH *hilek

a sea fish: the mullet -PWMP *balanak

a white fish, the tarpon:Megalops cyprinoides -POC *pu-pulan

a white fish, the tarpon:Megalops cyprinoides -PMP *bulan-bulan₁

be laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean -PAN *piRaS-an

be laden with roe, of a fish or crustacean -PMP *piRah-an

be smoked by someone, of meat or fish -PPh *tapa-en

butterfly fish,Chaetodon spp. -POC *tipi-tipi

butterfly, moth; butterfly fish -PMP *baŋbaŋ₂

butterfly; butterfly fish:Chaetodon spp. -POC *bebe

catch fish by damming a stream -PPH *sáRep

catch fish or shrimp with the hands -PWMP *gamaʔ

catch fish with a dragnet -PWMP *ka-puket

condylar bone, bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PWMP *tuqelaŋ

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PMP *tuqelan

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PAN *CuqelaN

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -PWMP *buʔu

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -POC *pupu₂

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -PAN *bubu₂

cook fish or meat wrapped in banana leaves -PWMP *paqis

cover trap for fish or crustaceans -PPH *salakeb

damsel fish -PMP *mutu₁

ear; various types of bracket fungi; pectoral fins of a fish -POC *taliŋa

edible marine fish -PMP *kuRaw

edible marine fish -PWMP *balaki

fin of a fish -PPh *p<al>ikpik

fine, of the mesh of a fish net -POC *mata riki

fish -PEMP *ikan

fish -PMP *hikan

fish -PAN *Sikan

fish - *(noise)

fish corral -PWMP *belet

fish corral -POC *polat

fish corral -PMP *belat₂

fish corral -PWMP *bakelad

fish eagle, fish hawk -POC *taragau

fish eggs, roe -PPh *bujiq

fish eggs, roe -PWMP *bihed

fish hook -PPh *banuít

fish net - *(loan)

fish net float -POC *uton

fish poison:Derris spp. -POC *tupa₂

fish scale -PAN *quSeNap

fish scales (collective?) -PMP *qunap qunap

fish sp. -POC *sasau

fish sp. -POC *lapa₁

fish sp. -POC *(bp)ala(bp)ala

fish sp. -PMP *turiŋ

fish sp. -PWMP *sepet₃

fish sp. -PWMP *Riŋaw

fish sp. -PMP *qutud

fish sp. -POC *qulua

fish sp. -PWMP *qabu qabu

fish sp. -PMP *palata

fish sp. -PMP *muquŋ

fish sp. -POC *buli buli

fish sp. -POC *bali₆

fish sp. -POC *balaŋi

fish sp. -POC *balai₁

fish sp. -PWMP *kulambar

fish sp. -PMP *katawan

fish sp. -PWMP *katambak

fish sp. -PWMP *ijuŋ-an

fish sp. -PAN *Ciqaw

fish sp. -PWMP *butaq₁

fish sp. -PWMP *bunuR₂

fish sp. -POC *buna

fish sp. -PWMP *bedbed

fish sp. -PWMP *baŋkulis

fish sp. -POC *babaŋ

fish sp. -PMP *baŋbaŋ₅

fish sp. -PWMP *balida

fish sp. -PWMP *balidaq

fish sp. -PWMP *bagahak

fish sp. -PWMP *abu abu

fish sp. - *(noise)

fish sp. - *(noise)

fish sp. - *(noise)

fish sp. (presumably sea-bream) -PWMP *bakuku

fish sp., possibly murrel -PWMP *buzuk

fish sp., slipmouth:Leiognathus sp. -PPH *sapsáp

fish sp.: mullet sp.,Neomyxus chaptalii -PMP *qawas

fish sp.: the milkfish,Chanos chanos -PMP *qawa₁

fish sp.: the milkfish,Chanos chanos -PMP *qawan

fish sp.: tuna - *(loan)

fish stew -PPH *sigáŋ

fish stew - *(loan)

fish with a thin, elongated body: long tom -PMP *selu

fish with poisonous dorsal spines -POC *lopu

fish with poisonous dorsal spines -PMP *lepuq₂

fish with poisonous dorsal spines -POC *lopu

fish with poisonous dorsal spines -PMP *lepu

fish wrapped in banana leaf and cooked over hot coals -PWMP *p<in>aqis

fish; accompaniment to rice -PPH *sedaq

fish-corral, screen trap for fish -PWMP *banelat

for fish to prey on other fish -PPH *hárab₁

generic for small fish such as gobies -PPH *búnuR

go fishing; fish at low tide (?) -PMP *qeti₂

gut a fish, eviscerate -PWMP *ebuq

k.o. small fish -PMP *teRi

kind of brown fish -PSHWNG *iap

kind of ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish:Diospyros spp. -PPH *kanúmay

kind of fish net or trap -PWMP *tuaD

kind of fish net or trap -PWMP *siqud

kind of fish or crab trap -PWMP *bintur

kind of fish or crab trap -PWMP *bintul

kind of fish or eel -PPH *palú

kind of fish trap -PWMP *sihud

kind of freshwater fish -PPH *dalupániq

kind of freshwater fish -PWMP *zuluŋ

kind of freshwater fish -PWMP *paqit₁

kind of large basket or fish weir held in the hand -PWMP *qalat

kind of large, edible marine fish -PWMP *kakap₁

kind of marine fish -PWMP *pahuq₂

kind of marine fish -PPH *talakituk

kind of marine fish -POC *koŋa

kind of marine fish -PPH *báyaŋ-báyaŋ

kind of marine fish -PWMP *punti₂

kind of marine fish -PWMP *benti

kind of marine fish with large eyes -PPH *mata-án

kind of marine fish, probably gizzard shad:Anodontostoma spp. -PWMP *kabasi

kind of small fish, probably sardine or anchovy -PMP *paya

kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *keRteŋ

large fish, probably grouper -POC *kalia

last compartment in a fishtrap, place where fish are caught -PWMP *bunuq-an₂

lizard fish -PPH *tambéd

long fishing line with many hooks; to fish with such a line -PPH *kitáŋ

marine fish sp. -POC *kuRo

marine fish sp. -PWMP *ki(k)kik

marine fish sp. with venomous dorsal spines, Rabbitfish:Siganus punctatus -PWMP *kiteŋ

marine fish with thorny skin -PMP *utik

marine fish, probably snapper sp. -PPH *dapak

marine fish: sea perch -PWMP *kaReteŋ

open the mouth wide, gape; gaping; opening of abubu fish trap, basket, etc. -PMP *ŋaŋa₂

parrot fish:Scarus spp. -PPH *mulmúl

pickled fish - *(loan)

place where fish or meat are smoked -PWMP *tapa-an

plant used as fish poison -POC *(bp)una

porcupine fish -PMP *taRutum

porcupine fish, puffer fish,Diodon sp. -PMP *taRutuŋ

preserved meat or fish -PMP *kenas

puffer fish sp. -POC *puntal

puffer fish sp. -PMP *buntal

puffer fish, globe fish:Tetrodon lunaris -PWMP *butiti

remove the bones from meat or fish -PWMP *ma-nuqelaŋ

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -POC *biRa

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -PMP *piRah

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -PAN *piRaS

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -POC *piRa₁

roe, fish eggs -PAN *biRaS

scale of a fish -PMP *enap

scale of fish -PMP *quhenap

scale of fish, lizard or snake; shell of turtle or tortoise -PMP *siksik₂

scale of fish, shell of turtle -POC *qunap₂

scale of fish, turtle shell -PCEMP *qunap₁

scales of fish or snake -PCEMP *qunep

scavenger fish:Lethrinus spp. -POC *oka oka

scoop up, as with a fish net -PAN *kauS

sea fish sp. -PWMP *maŋali

small marine fish -PPh *baranbán

small marine fish: sardine or anchovy -PWMP *bilis

small reef fish, perhaps damselfish -POC *tokuku

small river fish -PWMP *palaw

smoked fish or meat -PMP *t<in>apa

smoked fish or meat -PAN *C<in>apa

spine on fish or plant -PWMP *siqit

stench of fish or blood - *(noise)

stench of spoiling fish -PMP *qaŋeRih

stench of spoiling fish -PAN *qaŋeRiS

stench, odor, as of fish -PWMP *laŋ(e)qes

stringing of beads, skewering of fish, etc. -PMP *tuhuR

sun-dried fish - *(loan)

thorn, spine, as on a fish -PPH *tenek

thorn, splinter, fish bone -POC *suRi₁

thorn, splinter, fish bone -PMP *duRi

thorn; splinter; fish bone -POC *ruRi

tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PEMP *ipun₁

tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn -PMP *hipun₁

to be agitated, of water, as when fish swarm -PPH *kabuR

to be scaled, as fish -PWMP *siksik-an

to chop, to mince, as meat, fish or vegetables preparatory to cooking -PWMP *sagsag₂

to cook fish in a rich, spicy sauce -PWMP *paŋat

to eat raw fish or meat -PPH *kilaw-en

to fish with a dragnet -PWMP *pa-puket

to fish with a dragnet -PWMP *pa-muket

to fish with a dragnet -PWMP *ma-muket

to fish with a wickerwork basket trap -PWMP *maŋ-bubu

to fish with hook and line -PWMP *ma-ŋawil

to jump, as fish in the water -PWMP *lumpat

to pickle, preserve meat or fish -PAN-F *umaS

to salt meat or fish for storing -PPH *lamuq

to scale a fish -POC *qunap-ia

to scale a fish -POC *qunap-i

to scoop up, as with a fish net -PAN *k<um>auS

to slice meat or fish -PPH *iráp-en

to slice meat or fish -PPH *irap

to smoke fish or meat for preservation -PWMP *man-tapa

to smoke fish or meat for preservation -PMP *tapa₁

to smoke fish or meat for preservation -PAN *Capa

to string fish, etc. - *(noise)

to string, as fish or beads -PPH *tuhuk

to stun fish with plant poison -PWMP *tuba-en

to stun fish with plant poison -PAN *t<um>uba

to stun fish with plant poisons -PMP *pa-tuba

to stupefy fish with natural plant poisons -PWMP *ma-nuba

trap for fish or eels - *(near)

tree with fiber used to make fish nets -POC *tail

trident harpoon or fish spear -PWMP *sarapaŋ

trigger fish:Balistes sp. -POC *bubu₇

unicorn fish,Naso spp. -PMP *qumi

unicorn fish,Naso spp. -PMP *qumay

unicorn fish:Acanthurus unicornis -PMP *taRaq₂

unicorn fish:Naso unicornis -POC *mwanoRe

fishbone

to choke on something swallowed, as a fishbone -PPH *bekeR-an

fish-corral

fish-corral, screen trap for fish -PWMP *banelat

fishhook

fishhook -PAN *kawil₁

fishhook -PPh *bunwít

fishhook -PPh *beŋuit

fishhook - *(loan)

spread apart, as the legs or an unbent fishhook -PWMP *bukaŋkaŋ

spread apart, as the legs or an unbent fishhook -POC *pokaŋ

spread apart, as the legs, or an unbent fishhook -PWMP *bikaŋkaŋ

spread apart, as the legs, or an unbent fishhook -PMP *be(ŋ)kaŋ

to hook, as with a fishhook -PPh *saqebit-án

fishing

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root -PMP *uRat

casting net for fishing -PAN *tabukul

fishing line -POC *apon

fishing line -PEMP *apen

fishing line -PMP *hapen

go fishing; fish at low tide (?) -PMP *qeti₂

hook and line fishing -PWMP *pa-ŋawil

kind of large fishing net -PWMP *salambaw

kind of long rectangular fishing net -POC *kupwena

long fishing line with many hooks; to fish with such a line -PPH *kitáŋ

use a torch, as in fishing -PWMP *me-ñuluq

fishline

lower or let down, as on a rope; pay out fishline; launch a boat -PMP *huluR

fish: mackerel sp.

fish: mackerel sp. - *(loan)

fishnet

a jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets -POC *kabe₁

fishnet (type) - *(loan)

fishnet float -POC *puta

fishnet float -POC *topV

fishnet float -PCEMP *tobV

kind of long fishnet -PMP *lawan₁

fish or meat cooked in vinegar

fish or meat cooked in vinegar - *(loan)

fish or shrimp sauce

fish or shrimp sauce - *(loan)

fishtrap

last compartment in a fishtrap, place where fish are caught -PWMP *bunuq-an₂

fishy

fishy smell -PMP *laŋ(e)si

fissure

crack, split, fissure -PAN *Celaq

fissure, split in something -PAN *siwaq

split, crack, fissure -PMP *telaq₁

fissured

fissured, slightly cracked -PMP *kaŋeqa

fist

clenched in the fist -PWMP *Ragem

compressed in the fist; what is compressed in the fist, as a ball of rice -PWMP *kepel

fist; hold in the fist -POC *kokom

fist; hold in the fist -PAN *gemgem

grasp in the fist -PMP *Re(ŋ)kem

grasp in the fist - *-gem(root)

hold in the fist -PWMP *kugem

hold in the fist -PWMP *kemkem₁

hold in the fist -PMP *gem

hold something tightly in the fist -PWMP *maŋ-Ragem

to hit with the fist, beat up -PPH *bugbug-en

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; break up, dismantle, demolish -PWMP *bekaj

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; split open, break up, dismantle, demolish -PMP *be(ŋ)kaR

to punch, hit with the fist -PPH *danug

fit

appropriate, suitable, right; fit together; hit the mark -PAN *tama₁

appropriate, suitable; fit together; hit the mark -PMP *tamaq₁

coughing fit -PPH *yekyek₂

feel fit, healthy -PMP *se(ŋ)ger

fit snugly, as bowstring in arrow notch -PMP *siŋ(e)qit

fit tightly, of clothes -PWMP *silet

to fit, match, be suitable -PPH *aŋáy

to have a fit of coughing -PPH *kelkel₂

to have fits, convulsions -PWMP *sawan-en

fitting

becoming, fitting, appropriate - *(loan)

proper, fitting, appropriate - *(loan)

same kind or type; fitting; well-matched; suitable -PWMP *bagay

five

a set or group of five -PWMP *lima-an

divide into five -PPh *paR-lima-en

divide into five (?) -PMP *pa-lima

divide into groups of five -PWMP *maR-lima

divide into groups of five -PWMP *maŋ-lima

five -POC *i-lima

five -PAN *lima

five -PMP *ima₁

five (in counting people) -PAN *la-lima

five by five, in groups of five -PMP *lima-lima

five each, five together -PWMP *taR-lima

five times -POC *paka-lima₂

five times -PMP *paka-lima₁

five times -PAN *maka-lima

five times -PWMP *ka-lima

five times -PWMP *iŋ-lima

fix

stare, fix the eyes on -PWMP *maŋmaŋ

fixed

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

fixed secure - *(loan)

fixed, constant, steady; forever -PPH *unuŋ

stare, look at with fixed expression -PWMP *bulalak

to bind, tie tightly, probably of tying one thing which is moveable to another which is fixed -PPH *kedked

fixedly

stare, look fixedly -PWMP *nuŋnuŋ

stare, look fixedly -PAN *NeŋNeŋ

stare, look fixedly - *-Neŋ(root)

stare, look fixedly - *-teŋ₂(root)

stare, look fixedly at -PMP *e(n)teŋ

stare, look fixedly at something -PWMP *teŋteŋ₂

to stare, look fixedly at something -PCMP *tanaRa

fixture

fire saw; tie a tool around the hand or some other fixture -PPH *kulili

flabby

flabby -PPH *luylúy

flag

flag - *(loan)

Flagellaria

a vine:Flagellaria indica -PMP *huaR

flailing

move arms in a flailing motion, as in freestyle swimming -PPH *bara-bara

flaky

flaky skin disease -POC *kaka₁

flame

flame -PWMP *urub

flare up, burst into flame - *(loan)

flicker, of flames -PMP *ilap₁

glow or flame of fire -POC *pururuŋ

living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip

red, reddish color of flames -PMP *siRa₂

reddish, color of flames -PMP *siRaq

flaming

flaming, on fire -PMP *tutuŋ-an

flank

side, flank -PWMP *sampiŋ

side, flank - *(loan)

side, flank - *(noise)

flap

beat the wings, flap the wings; sound of flapping -PMP *kapak

beat, flap the wings -POC *kabak

clap, flap, slap -PWMP *epap

flap the wings -PWMP *kipak

flap the wings -PWMP *kepek

flap the wings repeatedly -POC *kaba-kabak

flutter, flap, sound of rapid wingbeats -PMP *berber₁

to clap, flap the wings; sound of clapping or flapping -PAN *pakpak₁

to flap (wings, fins of fish, etc.) -PWMP *kepay kepay

to flap, clash together -PWMP *kibak

to flap, flutter, wave -PWMP *kayab

to slap, flap the wings -PWMP *ma-makpak

to wave, flap -PPH *payapay

flapping

beat the wings, flap the wings; sound of flapping -PMP *kapak

to clap, flap the wings; sound of clapping or flapping -PAN *pakpak₁

flare up

flare up, burst into flame - *(loan)

flash

blink, wink, flicker, flash -PWMP *ki(n)sap

blink; flash -PMP *kimet

dazzle, flash - *(noise)

flash -POC *rilop

flash of light -PMP *binaR

flash of lightning -POC *LapaR₂

flash, shine -PMP *ke(R)lap

flash, sparkle -PMP *kilap

flash, sparkle -PMP *kilab

flash, sparkle - *-lap(root)

flash, sparkle, shine -PMP *dilep

flash, sparkle, twinkle -PPH *kimat

glitter flash - *-laŋ₁(root)

glitter, flash - *(noise)

glitter, flash, sparkle -PWMP *kidelap

shine, flash repeatedly -PMP *kila-kilat

sparkle, flash -PWMP *kizap

sparkle, flash; lustre -PWMP *kizab

to flash, of lightning -PWMP *ma-kilap

to flash, of lightning -PWMP *maR-kilat

to flash, of lightning -POC *pilak₂

to flash, of lightning - *(noise)

to flash, sparkle -PWMP *g<um>ilap

to lighten, to flash, of lightning -PWMP *k<um>ilat

flashing

shine, flickering or flashing light - *-laC(root)

flat

a cover; to cover with a flat surface -PAN *tekep

bring down the flat of the hand on something -PWMP *tepap

broad and flat -POC *lapar

broad and flat -PMP *lapad

broad, flat rock shaped like a plank -PWMP *batu papan

cover with something flat -PWMP *takelap

edge, rim, flat container - *(noise)

flat -PWMP *pipiq

flat - *(loan)

flat - *(noise)

flat (of things that are expected to rounded), flat on one side -PWMP *sapaD

flat and wide -PWMP *de(m)paD

flat or level land -POC *rataR

flat roof - *(noise)

flat surface - *(near)

flat, even, level -PWMP *parpar

flat, even, level -PWMP *palpal₂

flat, flat or level land -PAN *dataR

flat, level -PMP *da(m)paD

flat, level -PWMP *ataR

flat, level - *-paD(root)

flat, level (of ground) -PWMP *pantay

flat, level, even -POC *rapaR

flat, level, even -PMP *dapaR

for the hair to lie down flat -PPH *kepkép

kind of porous, white, round and flat coral growth -POC *buŋa₃

level, flat -PMP *pa(n)tar₁

lying flat (of something that is usually upright, or in some other position) -PPH *ap(e)lag

plain, flat ground -PWMP *pataR-an

press between two flat surfaces -PMP *liq(e)pit

press between two flat surfaces; to press down, crush -PMP *luqepit

sheet; flat, wide object -PPh *qelad₁

straight, direct; flat, level -POC *wane wane

to lie flat; flat area -PPH *dapat₃

to make level or flat, as in levelling land -PWMP *maŋ-dataR

flatfish

flatfish, flounder -PWMP *tampar₁

flatten

flatten; press down in order to squeeze in -PWMP *petpet₁

flattened

bamboo which has been split and flattened -PAN *saqsaq

flattened -PAN *Sapiq

flattened -PWMP *lepap

flattened - *-pap(root)

flattened bamboo - *(noise)

flattened bamboo - *(noise)

flattened, as plants to the ground -PMP *hapiq

flat-topped

flat-topped coral head -POC *lababa

flatulence

fart, flatulence -PAN *qetut

fart, flatulence; expression of disbelief or denial -PMP *qetut

flatulence - *-tut(root)

flatulence, fart -PWMP *ketut

flatulence; to fart -PMP *qutut

noise of flatulence -PWMP *ka-qetut

person who suffers from extreme flatulence -PWMP *paŋ-qetut-an

flava

fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin:Tinea flava orPityriasis -PMP *panaw₁

flax

linen, flax - *(loan)

flay

to flay, peel back or off, as bark or skin -PCEMP *sisi₃

to skin, flay -PWMP *panit

to skin, flay -PAN *baNiC

flea

chicken flea, itch mite -PWMP *kaRaw₂

flea -PWMP *timel

flea -PAN *qatimela

flee

run away, flee; flight, escape; fugitive -PMP *pa-laRiw

run, run away, flee -PAN *ma-laRiw

run, run away, flee, escape -PAN *laRiw

to desert a place, flee -PPH *layas₁

flesh

coconut growth stage 9: ripe, flesh hardened -POC *kulu₂

flesh -PWMP *asi₁

flesh (of humans, animals, fruits, tubers); contents; blade of a knife; inhabitants, residents -PAN *isi₅

flesh, lean part of meat; grain of wood -POC *pisiko

flesh, lean part of meat; grain of wood -POC *pijiko

flesh, meat -PMP *hesi

flesh, meat -PAN *Sesi

flesh, meat, coconut flesh -POC *kanoŋ

flesh; kernel -POC *kanon₂

incise, make an incision in flesh -POC *tapa₂

meat, flesh - *(loan)

pork, flesh of a pig -PPH *lamán

pull out something rooted in soft matter, as flesh -PWMP *raq(e)but

pulpy, fleshy, as a fruit; soft flesh around the seeds of a fruit -PWMP *lunek₁

raised flesh over a wound -POC *pupula

sliver, splinter, foreign body embedded in the flesh -PAN *uNay

swollen, of the flesh -PPh *butúy

thorn in the flesh -PPH *tunay₁

tree with bright yellow fruit that has dry flesh:Lucuma nervosa -PPH *tisaq

fleshy

pulpy, fleshy, as a fruit; soft flesh around the seeds of a fruit -PWMP *lunek₁

flex

bend, flex -PWMP *hutuk

flexible

soft, weak, flexible -PWMP *lemeq

flick

flick with the finger -PPH *lituk₂

flick with the finger; sound of flicking -PWMP *letik

shake off, flick off -PPh *waksí

snap the fingers; flick with the finger, fillip -PAN *betik₁

to fillip, flick with the finger -POC *pidik

to fillip, flick with the finger -PMP *pitik₁

to flick or snap -PWMP *labetik

flicker

blink, wink, flicker, flash -PWMP *ki(n)sap

flicker, of flames -PMP *ilap₁

flutter, flicker -PPH *layab

to flicker -PWMP *kezap

flickering

shine, flickering or flashing light - *-laC(root)

flicking

flick with the finger; sound of flicking -PWMP *letik

sound of tapping or flicking (of finger, small implement, etc.) -PMP *tik₁

sound of tapping or flicking (of finger, small implement, etc.) against something -PAN *tik₁

spring up; flicking motion - *-tik₁(root)

flies

infested with flies, covered with flies -PAN *laŋaw-en

flight

run away, flee; flight, escape; fugitive -PMP *pa-laRiw

running, running away, flight -PWMP *pa-laRiw-an

to fly; flight -PPH *lepad

fling

fling down, dash against -PMP *bantiŋ

flintstone

flintstone -PMP *batu hapuy

flipping

sound of ticking, flipping, light tapping -PWMP *pa(n)tik

float

bob on the surface of the water; float -PPH *kataŋ-kataŋ

buoy, float -PPH *tagal(e)táw

fish net float -POC *uton

fishnet float -POC *puta

fishnet float -POC *topV

fishnet float -PCEMP *tobV

float -POC *sale sale

float -PWMP *qabaŋ qabaŋ

float -PWMP *qabaŋ₂

float -PWMP *lutaŋ

float -PWMP *ga(m)puŋ

float -PMP *apuŋ

float - *-taw(root)

float - *(loan)

float - *(noise)

float, be adrift -POC *mañur mañur

outrigger float -POC *saman

outrigger float -PMP *saRman

sticks that connect the float to the booms of an outrigger canoe -PEMP *patoto

to float -PWMP *lutaw

to float -PWMP *umbaŋ

to float -PWMP *le(n)taw

to float -PWMP *la(n)taw

to float - *-puŋ₂(root)

float for fishing line

float for fishing line - *(loan)

floating

floating -PMP *apuŋ apuŋ

floating, adrift -POC *maqañur

tie together, of floating objects -PWMP *lantiŋ

flock

brood, flock, lots of children -PPh *hin-anak-an

flock together -PMP *tapuk₁

gather, flock together - *-puk₃(root)

group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster -POC *putu, butu

group, crowd, flock, school, bunch, cluster -PCEMP *butu₂

heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather -PMP *ebun

flood

a flood; to overflow, be in flood -PMP *bahaq₂

a flood; to overflow, be in flood -PAN *baSaq

flood -POC *pāq

flood -PCEMP *baaq

flood - *(near)

flood tide -PWMP *pasaŋ₄

flood tide -PPh *atáb

flood waters -POC *waiR pāq

flood waters -PCEMP *waiR baaq

flood, of sea -POC *loma

high water, flood -PWMP *lanab

to overflow its banks, of a river; to flood field (for planting) -PPH *layas₂

to overflow, flood, of a river -PPH *laq(e)nab

floodwaters

floodwaters -PMP *wahiR bahaq

floor

crossbeam supporting floor - *(noise)

crumbs of food that fall on the table or floor -PWMP *muqmuq

floor -PPH *daq(e)taR

floor beam -PWMP *kalasaR

floor of a house -PMP *saleR

make a floor, install a floor -PWMP *saleR-i

plank, board; floor boards of house -PMP *papan

flooring

raised flooring -PWMP *pa(n)duŋ

floss

body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants -POC *pulu₃

body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁

body hair; fur; feather; down; floss on plant stems; color; type, kind -PMP *bulu₁

flotsam

driftwood; flotsam -PPH *Rabat

flounder

flatfish, flounder -PWMP *tampar₁

halibut, sole, flounder -PMP *alali

flour

meal, flour - *(loan)

palm flour -PWMP *natek

rice flour -PPH *tapuŋ

sago flour -PMP *palu₁

flourish

living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip

to flourish, of plants -PPH *lagúq

flourishing

luxuriant, flourishing (of plants) -PPH *ma-laguq

flow

a current; to flow -POC *roRos

current, flow -PMP *qaRus

dam, obstruction of flow -PWMP *tambeŋ

flow - *-liR(root)

flow - *-luR(root)

flow - *(noise)

flow - *(noise)

flow downstream -PWMP *qiliR

flow swiftly -POC *tape-tape

flow through a small opening, of rushing water -PPh *bug(e)ris

flow, current -PWMP *iliʔ

flow, stream together -PWMP *uluR

high tide, tidal flow -POC *Ruap

high tide, tidal flow -PMP *Ruab

obstacle; block, obstruct the flow -PWMP *tubeŋ

obstructed, of the flow of water -PMP *sepet₂

place where water flows -PMP *qaliR-an

stanch the flow, as of blood -PWMP *ampet

strong free flow of water -PPh *busuáŋ

to flow -PMP *qaliR

to flow -PPh *maR-búlus

to flow, of water -PPH *lanaŋ

to flow, of water -PMP *saliR

to flow, run, of water -POC *tape₁

to flow, stream, move out rapidly -POC *rere₂

flower

a plant with flowers the shape of a dog's tail, used to treat abscesses -PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -POC *rarap

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -PMP *dapdap₁

a tree with fragrant flowers:Cananga odorata -PMP *kanaŋa

a tree with sweet-smelling flowers:Fagraea berteroana -POC *buRat

a vine with red flower clusters, the Chinese honeysuckle,Quisqualis indica -PPH *taluluŋ

an evergreen tree with decorative flowers:Cynometra ramiflora L. -PMP *namut

flower -POC *see

flower -PAN-F *buRay

flower -PWMP *bujak

flower - *(noise)

flower (?) -PAN *pahpah

flower spathe of areca palm -PMP *hupiq

flower, blossom -POC *bua₃

flower, blossom -PAN *buŋa

flower, blossom -PMP *buŋaŋ

flower, blossom -POC *puŋa₁

flower, blossom of fruit tree -PPH *sabuŋ₂

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

ginger plant with fragrant white flower -PPH *kamiá

kind of wild cane with edible flower head -POC *piso₁

strew with flowers, put flowers on -PWMP *buŋa-i

to flower, produce fruit -PWMP *maŋ-buŋa

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; break up, dismantle, demolish -PWMP *bekaj

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; split open, break up, dismantle, demolish -PMP *be(ŋ)kaR

to open, as a flower -PPh *bes(e)káj

to open, as a flower -PPh *bes(e)kág

tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -PMP *depdep

wilt, droop, as flowers -PWMP *kulay₂

flowering

a flowering plant:Ixora spp. -PPH *santán

flowing

drift on a current, carried away by flowing water -PAN *qañud

flowing water, current -PPH *seleR

flowing water, current -PWMP *seleg

place of flowing water -PPH *lanaŋ-an

swiftly flowing, of water; heavy, of rain -PMP *deRes

fluid

body fluid from a corpse; fluid oozing from a wound -PWMP *saRu₂

fluid oozing from a wound, infected sore, or corpse -PWMP *sagu₂

fluid, liquid - *(noise)

thick (of fluids), viscous - *(loan)

flute

bamboo flute -PWMP *suliŋ

bamboo nose flute -PWMP *turali

bamboo nose flute -PMP *tulali

bamboo nose flute -PAN *tulani

flute - *(loan)

play a flute -PWMP *ma-nurali

rice straw; flute made from a rice stalk -PMP *zaRami

flutter

flutter the wings -POC *kape₁

flutter the wings -PMP *kapay

flutter, flap, sound of rapid wingbeats -PMP *berber₁

flutter, flicker -PPH *layab

to flap, flutter, wave -PWMP *kayab

wave, flutter (as a flag) -PAN *watawat

fluttering

onomatopoetic for sound of fluttering, flying -PMP *ber

fly

bluebottle, large fly -PAN *beRŋaw

fly - *(near)

fly (insect) - *-ŋaw(root)

fly off, of solid bits or water droplets -PAN *lecik

fly out, splash, spatter - *-cik(root)

gnat, sandfly, fruit fly -PMP *neknek

horsefly, large biting fly -PWMP *piket₁

maggot, fly egg -PWMP *ias₂

spatter, fly out in all directions -PMP *becik

to fly -POC *Ropok

to fly -PMP *Rebek

to fly -PAN *layap

to fly - *-baŋ₂(root)

to fly - *(noise)

to fly away -PWMP *tilib

to fly, soar through the air -PWMP *layaŋ₁

to fly; flight -PPH *lepad

flying

a flying white ant or termite -PMP *dalu₁

bird; any flying creature -POC *manuk

flying -POC *Ropo-Ropok

flying squirrel -PAN-F *lapis

flying squirrel -PAN-F *lawaR

fruit bat, flying fox -POC *bweka

fruit bat, flying fox:Pteropus spp. -PMP *paniki

onomatopoetic for sound of fluttering, flying -PMP *ber

wingbone of flying fox (used in tattooing process) -POC *saRu

wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo -POC *sau₃

fly off

fly off, squirt out - *(near)

foam

foam on the surface of water -PMP *bujeq ni wahiR

foam, bubbles -POC *puro puro

foam, bubbles -POC *puro₂

foam, bubbles -POC *pusoq

foam, bubbles -PMP *buseq

foam, bubbles, froth -POC *bua

foam, bubbles, froth -PAN *bua₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth -PAN *bujeq₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth -PMP *budaq₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; bubble up -PCEMP *budaq₄

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; to foam, to bubble; foam at the mouth; fond of talking; type of white bead -PMP *bujeq₂

foam, bubbles; bubble up -POC *puraq puraq

foam, bubbles; bubble up -POC *buraq

foam, bubbles; foaming, bubbling -POC *pucoq pucoq

foam, froth -PAN *buCaq

foam, froth, lather -PAN *puCaq

foam, spume, froth -PPH *lútab

foam, suds -POC *busa₂

foam, suds -PMP *busa₁

froth, foam -PMP *buqiq

to foam, to bubble -PWMP *pa-bujeq

to foam, to bubble -PWMP *maŋ-bujeq

foaming

foam, bubbles; foaming, bubbling -POC *pucoq pucoq

foamy

foamy, bubbly -PMP *ma-bujeq

focal

eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata

eye, focal point, center or most prominent part -PAN *maCa

fodder

bait; fodder -PMP *qumpan

bait; fodder; to feed animals -PCEMP *paniŋ

mix foods, as in preparing pig’s fodder -PWMP *bahuR

Foeniculum

anise, aniseed, fennel:Foeniculum vulgare -PWMP *hadas

foetida

a tall forest tree which emits an unpleasant odor:Sterculia foetida -PMP *bubuR₃

a tree:Sterculia foetida -PMP *kalumpaŋ

fog

dew, mist, fog -PWMP *qembun

dew, mist, fog -PWMP *ambun

drizzling rain, mist; fog -PMP *Rabun

fog, haze, mist -POC *kaput₂

fog, haze, mist; indistinct, blurry -PMP *kabut

fog, mist -POC *oke

fog, mist -POC *oka₁

low cloud, mist, fog -POC *kopu

foggy

foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *ma-lebleb

foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain -PAN-F *lebleb₁

foil

gilding, gold-foil - *(loan)

fold

a fold or hem; to fold -PWMP *lepiq

bend, fold -POC *noku

bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku

carry in the folds of the clothing -PWMP *hambin

coil, curve, bend, fold; to coil, to curve, to bend, to fold -PMP *biŋku

cover; fold over - *-kep₁(root)

fold - *-pi(q)(root)

fold over -POC *pinu

fold over, fold up -POC *binu

fold the arms over the chest; fold the wings, of a bird -PWMP *kumkum

fold, hem -PWMP *lupiq

fold, hem -PWMP *lu(m)pi

fold, wrinkle - *(noise)

to bend, fold -PWMP *deŋkul

to fold -POC *numi

to fold -POC *lobi

to fold -PMP *lepit₂

to fold -PMP *lepet₂

to fold -PPH *tik(e)lúp

to fold -PMP *piluq

to fold over -PPH *lapi

to fold over, double -PMP *ta(ŋ)kep₁

to fold, crease -PPH *tupíq

to fold, fold over -PAN *lipet

to fold, hem -PMP *lumiq

to fold, press -PMP *luqemit

folded

carrying vessel made from folded palm leaf sheath -PWMP *timbalaŋ

improvised purse or bag, folded cloth used to carry things -PWMP *puyuŋ

folding

bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku

close by folding - *-kum(root)

foliage

foliage, leaves -POC *raun-raun

foliage, leaves -PMP *dahun-dahun

leafy, dense, of foliage -PWMP *ma-dahun

follow

follow a path -PPH *taluntún

follow the edge of a body of water, as in going upstream -PMP *sulsul₁

follow, come after -POC *uri

follow, come after -PCEMP *udi

follow, come after (in sequence) -PWMP *ku(n)tit

follow, go after - *(noise)

follow, obey, agree with -PPH *súrut

follow, walk after -PWMP *ayak₁

follow; accompany -PMP *iriŋ₁

follow; drive animals before one -PWMP *maŋ-iriŋ

next; to follow in succession -PPH *sunúd

sail along the coast, follow the coast in voyaging -PMP *siDsiD

to follow -PAN *ikuD

to follow after someone, walk behind -PAN-F *biliN

to follow instructions, follow an example; carry along, give in, allow something to happen -PWMP *tuRut

to follow, copy, imitate -PWMP *suaq

to follow, join with -PMP *ikut₁

to lead the way; to follow after -POC *suRi₂

to obey, follow orders -PWMP *ma-nuRut

follower

disciple, follower - *(loan)

follower -PWMP *paŋ-iriŋ

following

to scent, as an animal following prey -PPH *sáŋu

follow someone

follow someone - *(near)

fond

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; to foam, to bubble; foam at the mouth; fond of talking; type of white bead -PMP *bujeq₂

fontanel

fontanel -PMP *hubun₁

fontanel -PWMP *hubun hubun

fontanel -PWMP *embut-embut

fontanel; crown of the head -PWMP *ubun (ubun)

fontanelle

fontanelle -PWMP *bunbun-an₁

fontanelle -PWMP *bubun bubun

fontanelle -PMP *bubu₄

fontanelle; crown of the head -PMP *bubun₂

fontanelle; crown of the head -PAN *buNbuN

food

a vine, possibly arrowroot; famine food -PPH *baháy

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

be attracted to, swarm around, as ants do on finding food -PPH *dapu

bite, bitten off, of food -PPH *suŋit₂

boiled foods other than rice -PMP *t<in>anek

boiled foods other than rice? -PAN *t<in>aNek

burnt food which adheres to the pot -PMP *epit₁

burnt food which adheres to the pot -PMP *epiq

chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food -PMP *mamaq

chewed mass of food or betel nut in the mouth -PWMP *sepaq

chopping block used to prepare food -PWMP *saŋkalan

coconut shell receptacle for food or water -PPH *duyuR

cold, of leftover food; leftovers from a meal -PMP *bahaw

cold, of leftover food; leftovers from a meal -PAN *baSaw

cooled off, as cooked food that has been left to sit too long -PAN *ma-baSaw

crave special foods (of pregnant women) -PWMP *qidam

crumbs of food that fall on the table or floor -PWMP *muqmuq

crumbs of food, esp. rice -PPH *muhmuh

delicacy of pounded foods - *(noise)

distribute, as food at a feast -POC *wa(n)se

edible things, food -PAN *ka-kaen-en

fill the mouth with food or water -PAN *qumuR

food -POC *kanan

food -PWMP *pa-ŋaen

food - *(noise)

food (?) -PWMP *pa-ŋaen-an

food crumbs -PCMP *buqi₁

food laid out for a feast -PPH *das(e)qaR

food offering -POC *qaso

food particles caught between the teeth -PMP *tiŋah

food particles caught between the teeth -PAN *CiŋaS

food plant - *(noise)

food that is dry roasted -PMP *s<in>aŋelaR

food, to feed -PWMP *maŋan

food; meat -POC *k<in>an

food; to feed -PMP *paŋan

food; to feed -POC *paŋan

food; to feed, nourish -PMP *p<in>aŋan

gluttonous, greedy with food -PPH *buk(e)law

grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them -PWMP *giliŋ-an

gulp down food, gorge on one food to the exclusion of others -PWMP *lunlun

kind of urn for storing food -PPH *kam(e)qáw

mix foods -PWMP *labuR

mix foods, as in preparing pig’s fodder -PWMP *bahuR

mixed, as foods -PWMP *lahuk

morsel, bit, as of food -PPH *mikmik

mussel sp. or spp. used as food grater or scraper -POC *kukur

non-staple food eaten with rice -PPH *siraq₂

odor of burnt food -PMP *haŋus₂

pepper; to sting, of a wound or spices in food -PMP *lajaq

place where one eats; food -PAN *kaen-an

premasticate food for infant -PMP *paqpaq₁

premasticated food for infants -POC *meme

premasticated food for infants -PMP *maymay

provisions, food for a journey -POC *tamaji

roast food over a fire -POC *tunu tunu

roast food over a fire -PMP *tunu

roast food over a fire -PAN *CuNuh

satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating); fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food -POC *masuR

scratch up the soil, as a chicken looking for food -PAN *kaSkaS

slurp up food or water, eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *sabsab

slurp up food or water; eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *tabtab₂

staple food (?) -POC *kuta

stuff mouth with food - *(near)

to boil food -POC *sakan

to crave special foods -PWMP *maŋ-qidam

to crave, as food one wants to eat -PPH *sab(e)lék

to dip food in sauce -PPH *teltel

to distribute, pass out shares of food -PPH *tagtág

to heat food -PMP *la(ŋ)gaq

to heat food -PMP *la(ŋ)ga

to let food or hot water cool off -PPH *pa-bahaw-en

to pick at one’s food, show little interest in eating -PPH *kimkím

to put food into the mouth -PPH *i-súbuq

to scald food in hot water -PPH *lapu₁

to serve food, dish up food -PPH *dúlut

to share food with another -PPH *subu₂

what has been salted; food preserved in salt -PWMP *q<in>asin

what is eaten; food (cooked rice) -PMP *k<in>aen

what was eaten; food -PAN *k<in>aen-an

wooden food bowl -POC *tabiRa

food₁

food₁ -POC *kana

foodstuffs

catty (unit of weight for foodstuffs) - *(loan)

to grate or shred foodstuffs -PPH *yadyád

fool

foolish; a fool -POC *bobo₁

idiot, fool - *(loan)

to fool, deceive -PWMP *labu₁

foolish

foolish -PWMP *bagak

foolish - *(loan)

foolish; a fool -POC *bobo₁

foot

base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun

callus on the foot (lit. ‘fish eye’) -POC *mata ni ikan

callus on the foot (lit. ‘fish eye’) -PMP *mata nu hikan

crippled; bent or twisted, of the leg or foot -PAN *piluk₁

foot, leg -POC *waqe

foot, leg -PPH *seki

foot, leg -PPH *sikí

foot, leg -PAN *waqay

foot, leg -PAN *qaqay

leg, foot -POC *qaqe

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

palm of hand, sole of foot -PMP *palaj₁

palm of the hand, sole of the foot -PPH *dalukap

palm of the hand, sole of the foot -PWMP *tapak₁

rest the foot on; touch or knock with the foot -PMP *sakil

sole of the foot -PMP *dapan

sole of the foot; footprint -PAN *dapaN

stamp, put one's foot down -PWMP *qantak

step on, place one's foot on -PMP *re(n)zak

step on, push with the foot -PWMP *tinzak

footfalls

sound of footfalls -PPH *tepak₂

footprint

beaten track, footprints making a trail -PPH *danáq₁

footprints, tracks -PPH *liqed

sole of the foot; footprint -PAN *dapaN

step on; leave footprint -PPH *takad

footrace

footrace - *(loan)

forbid

forbid - *(noise)

to forbid -PAN *laRaŋ

to forbid, make taboo -POC *paka-tabu

forbidden

forbidden taboo - *(loan)

forbidden, prohibited, taboo - *(loan)

forbidden, taboo -POC *tabu

forbidden, taboo -PCEMP *tambu

strictly forbidden -POC *tapu-tapu

force

be snatched away, taken away by force -PPh *qaRaw-en

blow out, force out -PMP *leput

break open, force open -PWMP *tu(ŋ)kab

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

drive or force into -PMP *buRsuk

for force something open or out of its position -PPH *tu(ŋ)kab-án

force open -PMP *re(ŋ)kaq

force open -PWMP *pilak₁

force someone to do something -PPH *pilit-en

force, rape - *(near)

forced marriage; to force into marriage -PPH *píkut

impose one’s will, force or compel someone to do something -PWMP *teRel

interjection of negative emotive force -PMP *qisaq

join forces, cooperate in working -PPh *abag

open forcibly, force apart (as the eyelids with the fingers) -PMP *bikaq₁

power force - *(loan)

press in by force -PMP *pucek

press, cram in with force -PWMP *hasek-i

press, cram in with force -PWMP *maŋ-hasek₂

pull out with force -PMP *cabut

slam down with force -PWMP *dakdak

snatch, take away by force -PWMP *maŋ-qaRaw

snatch, take away by force, rob -PAN *qaRaw

strength, vigor, force -PAN *keseR

to be pounded, struck with force -PWMP *tutu-en

to force apart, at with a wedge; force something into someone’s mouth -PPH *tiŋal

to force something to move -PPH *deldel

to force upon, oppress -PPH *luges

to force, achieve by force -PPH *duldúl₁

to insist; to force, compel someone to do something -PPH *pílit

to lever up, tip up by force -PWMP *tuas

to press into, force or cram in -PWMP *ma-ñeksek

to seize, take by force -PWMP *kamkam

to seize, take by force -PPH *ma-ñamsám

to seize, take by force, snatch from another’s hands; pillage -PPH *samsám

to stuff, press in by force -PWMP *maR-seksek

forced

crammed, forced into an opening, stuff full -PWMP *pelpel

forced marriage; to force into marriage -PPH *píkut

forceful

strong, vigorous, energetic, forceful -PAN *ma-keseR

forcibly

open forcibly - *-kaq₁(root)

open forcibly, force apart (as the eyelids with the fingers) -PMP *bikaq₁

ford

ford a river, cross to the other side (of a river, street, etc.) -PPH *dákit

forearm

forearm, lower arm -PMP *leŋen

forefathers

forefathers, ancestors -PPh *apu apu

forehead

forehead -POC *damwa

forehead -POC *raqe

forehead; eyebrow -POC *pasu₂

forehead; face -PCEMP *daqi

forehead; face -PMP *daqih

forehead; face -PAN *daqiS

foreign

foreign object in the eye -PWMP *puliŋ₂

sliver, splinter, foreign body embedded in the flesh -PAN *uNay

foreigner

horizon (lit. ‘foundation/beginning of the sky’); stranger, foreigner -PMP *puqun nu laŋit

stranger, foreigner; guest -PPH *dáyu

foreign merchant

foreign merchant - *(loan)

forelegs

forelegs of an animal -POC *luma

foremost

first, foremost; to precede -POC *muqa

foresee

see (abstract things), foresee, know -PWMP *ila₂

foreskin

hernia; to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis -PMP *luslus

prepuce, foreskin; pull back the prepuce -PPH *lusiq

to pull back the foreskin -PPH *lusiq-en

forest

a tall forest tree which emits an unpleasant odor:Sterculia foetida -PMP *bubuR₃

clear forest for planting - *(noise)

clearing in forest -PPH *dalús

fallow land; secondary forest -PMP *talun₁

fallow land; secondary forest -PAN *CaluN

forest, uninhabited land -POC *wao

forest, wilderness, woods -PAN *Salas

forest, wilderness, woods, jungle -PMP *halas

forest, wooded area -POC *kayu-kayu

large forest tree with edible brown, hairy fruits:Diospyros discolor -PPH *kamaguŋ

loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest (fig.?) -PWMP *bajbaj

old, of people; primary forest, old forest -PAN *tuqaS

old, older person, elder; old stand forest -POC *matuqa

primary forest -PMP *tuqan

primary forest, primeval jungle -PMP *halas + "dark"

primary forest, virgin jungle (lit. 'big forest') -PWMP *halas Raya

wooded area, forest -PWMP *kahiw-an

woods, forest -PWMP *ka-kahiw-an

forested

area of forested mountains -PPh *ka-bukij-an

forested area, wilderness -PWMP *halas-an

mountain; forested inland mountain areas -PAN *bukij

forever

fixed, constant, steady; forever -PPH *unuŋ

forfeit

forfeit (a pledge, etc.) -PWMP *le(b)leb

to forfeit, lose by failure to meet an obligation -PWMP *leleb

forget

forget -PAN-F *alim

forget -PWMP *ma-liqu

forget -PWMP *liqu

forget - *(near)

forget - *(noise)

forget a skill, make a mistake -PWMP *beluy

forget, be forgotten -PPH *lipat-en

get wrong, be mistaken; forget -PWMP *liŋu

to forget -PMP *lupa

to forget -PPH *lipat

to forget, be forgotten -PWMP *kaliŋaw

forgive

pardon, forgive -PWMP *maŋ-ampun-i

pardon, forgive -PWMP *maŋ-ampun

to pardon, forgive -PPH *táwad

forgiveness

forgiveness (?) -PWMP *paŋ-ampun-an

pardon, forgiveness -PWMP *ampun-an

pardon, forgiveness -PMP *ampun

pardon, forgiveness - *(noise)

pity, compassion, affection, love, sympathy, forgiveness -PMP *qasiq

forgotten

forget, be forgotten -PPH *lipat-en

to forget, be forgotten -PWMP *kaliŋaw

fork

bifurcation, fork of a branch -PMP *saŋa₁

crotch, fork of the legs; span, fork of the fingers -POC *saŋa₁

crotch, fork of the legs; span, fork of the fingers -PEMP *saŋa₁

fork of a branch -PMP *peŋa

fork of a branch; any forked structure; bifurcation -PAN *paŋa₁

side path, branch or fork in path or stream; take a side path or way; crossroads -PMP *simpaŋ

forked

fork of a branch; any forked structure; bifurcation -PAN *paŋa₁

forked, as a branch -PWMP *raŋkaŋ

forked, pronged -PAN *paŋaq

split, forked, as a branch or path -PMP *ma-saŋa

forking

bifurcation, forking -PWMP *cabaŋ

bifurcation, forking or branching -POC *maŋa₂

forking, bifurcation -PPH *síŋit

forlorn

lonely, forlorn -PWMP *puŋaw

form

a form of martial art or mock combat -PWMP *silat

derivational circumfix, probably used to form deverbal nouns of location -PWMP *paR- ... -an

derivational prefix, used to form deverbal nouns -PWMP *paR-

form - *(noise)

to form moss on something -PWMP *ŋa-lumut

to match, form a pair -PPH *tupáj

traditional dance form -PPH *tayaw

formal

formal gathering, as of chiefs -PMP *pened₂

formal gathering, as of chiefs, with possible connections to announcing temporary taboos -POC *ponor

formative

formative for abstract nouns (often deverbal) -PAN *ka- -an₃

formative for abstract nouns of quality -PAN *ka-₅

formative for collateral kin -PWMP *kam- -an

formative for nouns of location -PAN *ka- -an₂

former

old, former -PAN *lama₂

precede, go or be first; earlier, former -PMP *unah

formerly

old, ancient; formerly -PMP *daqan₂

forming

visual assessment of something, as in taking aim, making a straight line, or forming an opinion -PWMP *sipat

Formosan

a bird: the Formosan bamboo partridge -PAN *tikuRas

Formosan black bear -PAN-F *Cumay

Formosan blind mole:Talpa micrura insularis (Swinhoe) -PAN-F *mumu

Formosan clouded leopard -PAN-F *lukeNaw

Formosan hill partridge -PAN-F *kuNkuN

Formosan maple:Liquidambar formosana -PAN-F *daRa₁

Formosan serow, mountain goat -PAN-F *Sidi

the Formosan hare: Lepus sinensis formosus -PAN-F *lutuk₁

the Formosan rock monkey:Macaca cyclopis -PAN *luCuŋ

formosana

a plant:Sambucus formosana -PAN *Nayad

Formosana

a tree:Zelkova Formosana -PAN *teRebeS

formosana

Formosan maple:Liquidambar formosana -PAN-F *daRa₁

formosensis

mulberry tree and fruit:Morus formosensis (Hotta) -PAN *taNiud

formosus

the Formosan hare: Lepus sinensis formosus -PAN-F *lutuk₁

forth

back and forth movement -POC *puis

pull back and forth -PMP *buis

rock or hover back and forth -PWMP *kindaŋ-kindaŋ

satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating); fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food -POC *masuR

to sway back and forth, as plant stems in the wind -PWMP *liŋgaŋ

turn over, rock back and forth, swing -POC *pui pui

turn over, rock back and forth, swing -POC *pui₂

wag, shake back and forth -PWMP *kilay

wave back and forth -PWMP *kipay

wave back and forth -PWMP *ambay

wave back and forth - *(noise)

wave back and forth (hand, flag) -PPh *wasíwas

fortification

fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *bara₄

fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *baRa

fence; animal pen; fortification -POC *bala₄

fortification - *(loan)

fortress, fortification - *(loan)

fortified

fortified place; village -POC *koro₂

fortify

rim used to fortify (as on a basket) -PWMP *biŋkay

fortress

fortress, fortification - *(loan)

fortune

divine, find by divination, tell fortunes - *(loan)

luck, fortune -PWMP *palaj₂

luck, fortune - *(loan)

luck, fortune, fate - *(loan)

luck, good fortune -PWMP *tuaq

profit, gain, fortune, luck - *(loan)

forward

away, outward, forward, onward; towards the hearer -PMP *wa-tu

away, outward, forward, onward; towards the hearer -PMP *a-tu

be poled forward, of a boat in shallow water -PWMP *teken-en

bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad

fall forward; put face low down -PWMP *subsub

push, slide or glide forward, as in pushing wood into a fire, or storming the enemy -PWMP *suruŋ

rush forward, charge -PPH *sugud

shove, thrust forward -PWMP *unzur

sticking out or turned forward, of ears -PWMP *kupiŋ

thrust out, extend forward -PMP *qunzur

to fall forward -PPH *sebseb

to have ‘buck teeth’, project forward, of the teeth -PWMP *suŋar

to progress, push forward -PWMP *su(n)duŋ

to rush forward -PPH *s<um>ugud

tool for cutting with a forward digging motion -PPH *sudsud₂

foster

foster mother, stepmother -PWMP *ina ina

foul-smelling

fetid, foul-smelling -PMP *qaŋiR

paddy bug, foul-smelling insect that preys on rice in the field -PAN *baŋaw

found

a tree found in mangrove swamps:Sonneratia sp. -PWMP *paRepat

a tree found in mangrove swamps:Sonneratia sp. -PWMP *paRatpat

found? -PAN-F *ma-kiRim

place where salt is found; salt beds -PPh *paŋ-qasin-an

rice bird, small bird found in rice fields -PPH *máya

foundation

foundation, basis - *(loan)

foundation, basis - *(noise)

foundation, first part? -PWMP *p<am>uqun

fountain

spring, fountain -PWMP *umbul

four

be divided into four -PWMP *epat-en

become four, divide into four (intr.) -PWMP *maR-epat

divide into four (?) -PMP *paR-epat-en

divided into four (?) -PMP *ma-epat

do four times -PAN *paR-Sepat-en

four -PCEMP *pat-i

four -PEMP *pat

four -PMP *epat

four -PAN *Sepat

four (combination form) -PWMP *pat-aŋ

four (in counting certain referents) -PAN *pat-a

four (of humans) -PMP *a-epat

four (of humans) -PAN *Sa-Sepat

four at a time -POC *pati pati

four at a time -PMP *epat epat

four each (?) -PWMP *taR-epat

four times -POC *paka-pat

four times -PMP *paka-epat

four times -PWMP *maka-epat

four times -PAN *maka-Sepat

four times -PWMP *iŋg-epat

group of four (?) -PWMP *epat-an

one of the four principal rafters -PPh *paR(e)bu

four-cornered

four-cornered bottle - *(loan)

fourth

fourth -PWMP *ka-epat-an

fourth -PMP *ka-epat

fourth -PPh *ika-epat

fourth, quarter - *(loan)

relative of the third or fourth ascending or descending generation -PMP *piut

fowl

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kipau

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kikau

cry to drive away fowls: shoo! -PWMP *siuq

domestic chicken used as a decoy to attract a wild fowl into a trap -PPH *pa-ŋátiq

domestic fowl used as a decoy or lure to capture wild fowl -PPH *káti

domestic fowl used as a decoy or lure to capture wild fowl -PPH *kátiq

fowl, cock -POC *toqa

kind of water fowl -PWMP *bintapu

leg of a fowl (?) -PPH *sáka

scratch up the earth, as a fowl -PAN *karkar

shabby looking, in disarray, of the feathers of fowls -PWMP *kuyu

shabby looking, in disarray, of the feathers of fowls -PWMP *kuyut

to scratch up the earth, as a fowl -POC *kakar-i

wild fowl, jungle fowl -PPH *talun₂

fox

fruit bat, flying fox -POC *bweka

fruit bat, flying fox:Pteropus spp. -PMP *paniki

wingbone of flying fox (used in tattooing process) -POC *saRu

wingbone of flying fox, used in tattooing; tattoo -POC *sau₃

foxtail

millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PMP *betem

millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PMP *beteŋ₁

millet sp., probably foxtail millet:Setaria italica -PAN *beCeŋ

Foxw

a tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany:Shorea albus Foxw. -PMP *bulah

a tree, the Chinese or Philippine mahogany:Shorea albus Foxw. -PAN *buleS

fraction

part fraction - *(noise)

fracture

crooked, of limbs; bone fracture -PWMP *lepuq₁

fracture, break -PMP *baliq

fragile

fragile, brittle, easily broken, of wood -PMP *repuk

weak, fragile - *(noise)

fragment

fragment, piece broken off - *(noise)

fragment, piece of something -PCEMP *ŋaŋar

fragment, split-off piece -PMP *ŋarŋar

wind-driven fragments of cloud, light scudding clouds -PMP *taqi nu haŋin

fragrance

fragrance, pleasant odor -PPH *baŋ(e)lúh

fragrance, pleasant odor or smell -PMP *beŋi

fragrant

a tree with fragrant flowers:Cananga odorata -PMP *kanaŋa

fragrant -PMP *baŋehih

fragrant -PAN *baŋeSiS

fragrant, sweet-smelling -PPH *ma-baŋ(e)luh

fragrant, sweet-smelling -POC *manoŋi

ginger plant with fragrant white flower -PPH *kamiá

frail

weak, frail; gentle in personality -PWMP *lemu

framboesia

a skin disease: framboesia, yaws -PMP *puRu₁

frame

shelf; bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths -PMP *pa(n)tar₂

frame for holding a coffin

bier, frame for holding a coffin - *(loan)

fraud

deceit, fraud - *(noise)

deceit, trickery, fraud - *(loan)

freckle

any natural mark on human skin: birthmark, freckle, mole -PMP *qila

spot freckle - *-rik(root)

free

clear, of liquid free of impurities -PPH *tenaw

free side of canoe, opposite the outrigger -POC *katae

free, on the loose - *(noise)

loosen, untie, set free -POC *takas

set free -PMP *lumbar

strong free flow of water -PPh *busuáŋ

to live with someone as a free guest -PPH *lumun

to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end -PWMP *lepas

freely

roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered -PMP *lambeR

roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered -PAN *labeR₂

free-standing

stake, free-standing post -PMP *turus

freestyle

move arms in a flailing motion, as in freestyle swimming -PPH *bara-bara

freight

load, cargo, freight -POC *ucan

frequented

animal haunt, place frequented by animals -PMP *qenuR-an₂

animal haunt, place frequented by animals -PAN *qenuR-an₁

frequently

quick, fast, of speech or actions; often, frequently -PPH *darás

fresh

fresh water -POC *ranum

fresh water -PMP *danum

fresh water -PAN *daNum

fresh water -PCEMP *waiR

fresh water; stream, river -PMP *wahiR

go out for some fresh air -PMP *pa(ka)-haŋin-haŋin

living, alive; grow, flourish; fresh; heal, cure, revive, recover; vital principle, soul, spirit; flame -PMP *ma-qudip

natural spring, fresh water spring -POC *tupuR

natural spring, fresh water spring -PMP *tubuR

natural spring, fresh water spring -POC *topuR

natural spring, fresh water spring -PMP *tebuR

natural spring, fresh water spring -POC *topuc

natural spring, fresh water spring -PAN *Cebuj

new, fresh; recent(ly); youth, bachelor; beautiful, in one's prime -PMP *baqeRu

new, recent; young, fresh -PEMP *baqoRu

refresh oneself, go out for some fresh air -POC *paka-aŋin-aŋin

spring, source of fresh water -PAN *bual₁

sweet, fresh (of water) -POC *mamis

sweet; insipid, as fresh water -PCEMP *ma-emis

freshwater

freshwater eel -PMP *tuna

freshwater eel -PAN *tuNa

freshwater eel -PPh *ígat

freshwater eel -PWMP *kasuli

fresh-water spring -PWMP *buak-an

freshwater turtle -PWMP *labi₂

kind of freshwater fish -PPH *dalupániq

kind of freshwater fish -PWMP *zuluŋ

kind of freshwater fish -PWMP *paqit₁

small edible freshwater crab -PMP *kaRaŋ

small edible freshwater crab -PAN *gaRaŋ

type of freshwater turtle -PWMP *qantipa

freshwater fish sp.

freshwater fish sp. - *(loan)

friable

brittle, crumbly, friable -PMP *re(m)pak

brittle, friable; to crumble -PMP *repek

crumbly, friable -PPH *ma-dabuk

friction

rub two things together, create friction, as sticks to make fire, or the hands -PMP *kusu₁

friend

answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -POC *bali₇

companion, member of a group (of animals or people); friend -PWMP *kaban₁

dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -PMP *baliw₁

exclamation to express surprise, call to a friend, respond to a distant call, etc. -PMP *huy

friend -POC *tu(rR)a

friend (male to male) - *(near)

friend, companion -PPH *bilaq₂

friend, companion -PWMP *diŋan

friend, partner; one of a pair; trading partner? -POC *soRa

to be friends with, to be a companion of -PMP *maR-kaban

frigate

frigate bird -POC *(dr,d)aula

frigate bird -POC *katapa

fright

exclamation of astonishment, fright, etc. -PMP *qina

frighten

bird clapper (to frighten them from fields) - *(loan)

frighten off birds or animals from the fields; place used to frighten off birds or animals from the fields -PWMP *buRaw-an

to frighten someone -PWMP *takut-en

to frighten, cause to fear -PMP *paka-takut

to frighten, make afraid -PMP *pa-takut

frightened

be startled or frightened, as by violent action -PPH *qaliaw

easily frightened, cowardly -PWMP *takut-an

hurt, frightened, or discouraged by previous bad experience -PWMP *zeRa

sound of frightened cheeping -PWMP *kicak

to squawk, as a frightened chicken -PMP *kiak

fringe

fringe of a cloth -PWMP *rambu

fro

chew, move to and fro in the mouth -POC *kamu₃

return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro -PMP *uliq₁

scatter to and fro -PWMP *liwed

to and fro -POC *oliq oliq

frog

frog -PPH *bakbak₃

frog - *(loan)

frog - *(noise)

kind of loud frog -PPH *tukák

frolic

to play, to frolic -PPH *dagaw

frond

fibrous integument at the base of coconut fronds -POC *kaka₃

fibrous material at base of coconut frond -PPH *epis

frond of a palm -PMP *papaq₁

midrib of a coconut frond -POC *sasaRi

midrib of coconut frond -PMP *paqpaq₂

torch, probably of dried palm frond -PMP *suluq

front

carry in front of one; hold in the lap -PWMP *paŋku

face; front; prow of canoe -POC *nago

front side; belly (of an animal?) -POC *qarop

front teeth, incisors -PAN *gutgut₁

front teeth, incisors; gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors -PMP *gutgut₁

front, facing part -PMP *qadep

touching, adjacent, as fighters presenting a united front -PWMP *sundul

front; to face

front; to face - *(loan)

froth

foam, bubbles, froth -POC *bua

foam, bubbles, froth -PAN *bua₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth -PAN *bujeq₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth -PMP *budaq₁

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; bubble up -PCEMP *budaq₄

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; to foam, to bubble; foam at the mouth; fond of talking; type of white bead -PMP *bujeq₂

foam, froth -PAN *buCaq

foam, froth, lather -PAN *puCaq

foam, spume, froth -PPH *lútab

froth, foam -PMP *buqiq

frown

wrinkled; frown -PMP *reŋut

fruit

a citrus fruit, the pomelo -PPH *luk(e)bán

a fruit tree, the pomelo:Citrus decumana -PPH *suháq

a fruit tree:Spondias dulcis -PCEMP *quRi

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PMP *kanawah

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PAN *kaNawaS

a tree and its edible fruit, the starfruit:Averrhoa bilimbi,Averrhoa carambola -PWMP *baliŋbiŋ

a tree and its fruit, the durian:Durio zibethinus -PWMP *duRi-an

a tree and its fruit, the Java plum:Syzygium cumini -PPH *luŋ(e)búy