eb    ec    ed    ee    ef    eg    eh    ei    el    em    en    ep    eq    er    es    eu    ev    ex    ey    

each

each month, every month, monthly; for months -PMP *bulan-bulan₂

five each, five together -PWMP *taR-lima

four each (?) -PWMP *taR-epat

pit two opponents against each other; cockfight -PWMP *sabuŋ₁

seven each -PAN *pi-pitu

three each, three by three -POC *tolu-tolu

three each, three by three -PMP *telu-telu

two by two, two at a time; two each -PCEMP *dua-dua

two by two, two at a time; two each -PAN *duSa duSa

two by two, two at a time; two each; both -PMP *duha duha₁

two each? -PWMP *taR-duha

eagle

eagle - *(near)

fish eagle, fish hawk -POC *taragau

hawk, eagle -PPh *banúR

kind of raptorial bird, eagle or hawk -PWMP *kaŋkaŋ₄

large rayfish, probably manta or eagle ray -PMP *paRih manuk

sea eagle -POC *manuka

ear

(entire) stalk of bananas; ear of grain -PMP *buliR

ear -PMP *taŋila

ear -PAN *Caŋila

ear -PAN *Caliŋa

ear ornament -PWMP *sumpiŋ₂

ear pendant -PWMP *tiŋgaʔ

ear plug, roll of leaves, etc. inserted through pierced ear -PWMP *subeŋ

ear wax, cerumen -PWMP *taqi nu Caliŋa

ear; kind of tree fungus -PMP *taliŋa

ear; various types of bracket fungi; pectoral fins of a fish -POC *taliŋa

empty, of rice ears -PWMP *buqaw

make a dull sound in the ears -PMP *epeŋ

slap, clap on the ear -PWMP *tampar₂

sticking out or turned forward, of ears -PWMP *kupiŋ

the auricle or shell of the ear -POC *raun ni taliŋa

the auricle or shell of the ear -PMP *dahun nu taliŋa

twist or tweak the ear -PWMP *biŋbiŋ₂

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp. -PWMP *biRaʔ

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp. -PAN *biRaq₁

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp.; sexual itch -PMP *biRaq₁

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PMP *taliŋa nu kahiw

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PAN *Caliŋa nu kaSiw

earlier

earlier, in advance -PAN *zulu

precede, go or be first; earlier, former -PMP *unah

early

early; punctual -PPH *ága

to wake up early, be early in rising -PPH *lukag

earnings

earnings, wages - *(loan)

earring

earring - *(loan)

ear-ring -PPH *lubay

earrings - *(loan)

shell disk used as ear-ring -POC *sabi-sabi

earth

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PWMP *hawan hawan

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PWMP *hawan

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PMP *awaŋ

bake or roast in an earth oven -POC *qumun-a

clay, sticky earth -POC *tanoq pulut

clay, sticky earth -PMP *taneq pulut

cook in an earth oven -POC *qumun-i

cook in an earth oven -POC *papi

cook in earth oven -POC *taqo

cover with a heap of earth, etc.; a heap of earth, etc. -PWMP *bunbun-an₂

cover with earth -PWMP *Rab(e)qun

cover with earth -POC *ipun₂

cover with earth -PMP *hibun

dam, dyke, embankment; to fill a hole with earth; to heap up -PMP *tambak₂

earth oven -PMP *qumun

earth, soil -POC *butaq₃

earth, soil, land -PMP *taneq

earth, soil, land; down; westward -POC *tanoq

earth, soil, mud -PMP *buRtaq

fill a hole with earth; cover something with a heap of earth -PMP *bunbun

heap of earth - *(noise)

heap, pile, cover with earth; collect, assemble - *-bun (or *-bequn?)(root)

lump, clod, as of earth -POC *ke(m)pal

mud, ground, earth -PPH *lutáq

mud; earth, ground - *-tak₁(root)

mud; earth, ground - *-taq(root)

scratch up the earth, as a fowl -PAN *karkar

space between earth and sky - *(noise)

to cover with earth -POC *tapun₂

to cover with earth, dam up -PPh *tabún-an

to cover with earth, sand, etc. -PMP *tabun₂

to pile up earth or rocks, heap up so as to obstruct -PWMP *t<um>ambak

to scratch up the earth, as a fowl -POC *kakar-i

to shake, as the earth in an earthquake -POC *kañul

trample earth, turn into mud, as a paddy field prior to planting -PWMP *lucak

earthen

earthen jar - *(loan)

earthen water jar -PPH *baŋaq₂

earthenware

earthenware cooking pot -PAN *pariuk

large earthenware jar -PPH *aŋaŋ

shallow earthenware cooking pot or pan -PAN *balaŋa

earthquake

earthquake -POC *lidruR

earthquake -PMP *linduR

earthquake -PWMP *lindur

earthquake -POC *nu-nunu

earthquake -POC *nunu₁

earthquake -PAN *linuR

shake, sway, as the ground in an earthquake -PMP *huyuŋ

to shake, as a house in an earthquake -POC *kañu-kañu

to shake, as the earth in an earthquake -POC *kañul

to shake, as the ground in an earthquake -PPH *Riduq

earthworm

earthworm -PMP *wati₁

earthworm; intestinal worm -PWMP *gelaŋ

roundworm, ascaris, intestinal worm; also earthworm? -PMP *bulati

earwax

cerumen, earwax -POC *tule

deaf; earwax -POC *tuli₁

earwax -PMP *tilu

earwax; deaf -PMP *tuli₁

ease

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

easily

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

easily frightened, cowardly -PWMP *takut-an

fragile, brittle, easily broken, of wood -PMP *repuk

hypersensitive, weeping easily -PPH *ulaqul

tearful, crying easily -PMP *ma-taŋis

tearful, crying easily -PAN *ma-Caŋis

east

east monsoon - *(near)

south or east wind -PAN *timuR

easy

cheap, easy - *(loan)

easy, promiscuous (of women) -PWMP *hampaŋ

eat

eat -PAN *kaen

eat - *(noise)

eat it -POC *kani-a

eat it (imper.) -PMP *kaen-a

eat it! -PAN *kaen-i

eat raw meat -PPH *kilaw₁

eat something before it is ready to eat -PWMP *maŋ-qataq

eat something raw -POC *qodaq

eat something raw -PCEMP *qentaq

eat something raw -PAN *qetaq

eat something raw -PAN *qataq

eat together as a group -PPH *laŋlaŋ

eat voraciously, eat like an animal -PPH *lamun-en

eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole -PPH *lamun₂

eating partner; eat together -PPH *ka-laŋlaŋ

edible, able to be eaten; able to eat -PPh *maka-kaen

place where one eats -PAN *ka-kaen-an

place where one eats; food -PAN *kaen-an

raw, eat something raw -PMP *qamataq

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PEMP *ma-qosak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PMP *ma-qesak

ripe; cooked; ready to eat -PAN *qesak

slurp up food or water, eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *sabsab

slurp up food or water; eat like a pig or dog; gulp down -PAN *tabtab₂

to crave, as food one wants to eat -PPH *sab(e)lék

to eat -POC *maŋan

to eat -POC *kani

to eat -PAN *k<um>aen

to eat -PPH *maR-kaen

to eat -PMP *ma-ŋaen

to eat -PWMP *amaq

to eat or drink voraciously (derogatory) -PPH *qabqab

to eat raw fish or meat -PPH *kilaw-en

to eat together, join others in eating -PPH *maki-kaen

to eat too much, be cloyed, overfull, tired of something through excess; bored -PWMP *saweqaq

to eat, consume -PSHWNG *kanon₁

to eat, keep on eating -POC *kani kani

to gulp, devour, eat like a pig -PPH *habhab

will eat -PAN *kaen-ay

will eat (?) -PAN *ma-kaen

eaten

be eaten by someone; cooked rice -PAN *kaen-en

be gobbled up, eaten voraciously -PPH *sabsab-én

eaten by termites, damaged by termites -PWMP *anay-en

edible, able to be eaten; able to eat -PPh *maka-kaen

non-staple food eaten with rice -PPH *siraq₂

protein side-dish eaten with rice (typically fish) -PPh *sidáq

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *bisuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -POC *bosuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *besuR

satisfied from having eaten enough; satiated -PWMP *busuR₃

was eaten; what was eaten -PAN *k<in>aen

what is eaten; food (cooked rice) -PMP *k<in>aen

what was eaten; food -PAN *k<in>aen-an

eating

crumbs dropped while eating -PPH *regrég

crumbs that drop when eating rice -PWMP *mukmuk

eating partner; eat together -PPH *ka-laŋlaŋ

eating place (?) -PWMP *amaq-an

have a painful feeling in the teeth, as when eating something very sour or cold, or hearing a screeching or scratching sound -PWMP *ŋilu-an

instrument used for eating -PAN *Si-kaen

intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge -PMP *nilu

leaf; blade of paddle or oar; ‘table’ for eating -PMP *dahun

move the mouth in eating -PPH *yawyaw

painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour -PAN *ŋilu

painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour -PMP *ñilu

painful, as of teeth on edge from eating something very sour -PAN *ma-ŋilu

satiated, full after eating -PPh *biaR₂

satiated, full from eating -PPh *maR-besuR

satiated, full from eating -PAN *ma-besuR

smack the lips while eating -PCEMP *tamu₁

to eat together, join others in eating -PPH *maki-kaen

to eat, keep on eating -POC *kani kani

to pick at one’s food, show little interest in eating -PPH *kimkím

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PEMP *uRas

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PMP *huRas

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PAN *SuRas

ebb

ebb (of water) - *(loan)

ebb tide - *(near)

ebb tide, dry reef -POC *maqati

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

ebb, of water in streams -PAN *qaCi

ebb, of water in streams; low tide -PMP *ma-qati

ebb, of water in streams; low tide -PAN *ma-qaCi

ebb, of water in streams; low tide -PMP *qati

ebony

kind of ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish:Diospyros spp. -PPH *kanúmay

Echineis

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -POC *komi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -PMP *kemi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ -PMP *gemi

echo

echo -PMP *niŋal

echo -PMP *aniŋal

Eclectus

male Eclectus Parrot:Eclectus roratus -POC *kaRa

parrot sp., possibly Eclectus parrot -POC *kiRak

eclipse

die; dead; eclipse of sun or moon -PAN *ma-aCay

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

new moon, eclipse (lit. 'dead moon') -PMP *bulan matay

eddy

eddy, whirlpool - *(near)

whirlpool, eddy, vortex -PWMP *puseD

edge

blade, cutting edge of knife, etc. -PPH *ŋarab

border, edge -PWMP *qiriŋ₁

border, side, edge -PWMP *p<al>idpid

borderline, edge, as of roof or garment -PPH *sanipa

brink, edge, shore - *(near)

circumambulate, go around the edge - *(loan)

corner, edge, point -PCEMP *buu₃

corner; side, edge -PWMP *zuRu

curved, having a curved edge -PWMP *siŋkuquŋ

dented, having a jagged edge; hare-lipped -PWMP *sumbiŋ

edge -PWMP *kiliD

edge - *(loan)

edge, bank, shore -PWMP *taŋepi

edge, border -PPh *beŋet₁

edge, border - *(noise)

edge, margin -PWMP *simpir

edge, ridge - *(noise)

edge, rim - *(loan)

edge, rim, flat container - *(noise)

edge, seam, hem -PPH *tebir

follow the edge of a body of water, as in going upstream -PMP *sulsul₁

go around the edge, take a detour -PPH *liklík

intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge -PMP *nilu

near, come near; edge, border -PAN *ipit

nick or dent on the cutting edge of a blade -PPH *lupiŋ

outskirts, edge of settlement -PPh *hilít

painful, as of teeth on edge from eating something very sour -PAN *ma-ŋilu

rim, edge - *-bir(root)

rim, edge, border -PWMP *su(m)bir

rim, edge, border -PMP *birbir₁

side, edge -PPH *gílij

side, edge -POC *piriŋ₂

side, edge -PMP *biriŋ₁

side, edge -POC *piriŋ₁

side, edge -PMP *bidiŋ

side, edge, border -PWMP *piRpiR₁

side, edge, border -POC *taba₂

turn up at the edge, expose the bottom side -PWMP *lukab

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough -PMP *garaŋ-gasaŋ

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough -PMP *garaŋ₂

edible

a cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears:Coix lachryma-jobi L. -PMP *zelay

a shore tree with edible nuts:Terminalia catappa -POC *talise₁

a shore tree with edible nuts:Terminalia catappa -PMP *talisay

a shrub with edible figs:Ficus tinctoria -POC *taŋa₃

a tree and its edible fruit, the starfruit:Averrhoa bilimbi,Averrhoa carambola -PWMP *baliŋbiŋ

a tree with edible fruit, and medicinal uses, probablyBuchanania arborescens -PMP *balunuR

a tree with edible fruit:Antidesma bunius -PWMP *buRnay

a tree with edible fruit:Diplodiscus paniculatus Turz. -PPH *baRubu

an edible plant, swamp cabbage:Ipomoea aquatica -PPH *taŋkuŋ

an edible plant:Amaranthus spinosus -PWMP *bayaŋ

bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum -PAN *paheku

classifier for edible possession -POC *kana-

edible marine fish -PMP *kuRaw

edible marine fish -PWMP *balaki

edible marine invertebrate - probably sea cucumber -PPh *balát

edible mushroom -PMP *quhuŋ

edible mushroom (generic) -PAN *quSuŋ

edible mushroom sp. -PAN-F *bajiw

edible sea animal or plant -PWMP *gamet

edible sea worm:Sipunculus spp. -POC *ibo

edible seaweed sp. -PMP *latuq

edible shellfish -PMP *qibaw₁

edible snail -PMP *susuq

edible snail -PWMP *sisuq

edible snail sp. -PWMP *kuhul

edible things, food -PAN *ka-kaen-en

edible, able to be eaten; able to eat -PPh *maka-kaen

hardwood tree with edible fruit and valuable timber:Palaquium spp. -PMP *ñatuq

kind of edible clam -POC *tue

kind of edible fruit -PWMP *kalikiq

kind of edible marine clam -PMP *tuay

kind of edible squash or gourd:Lagenaria leucantha -PPH *tabayaR

kind of edible tuber -PWMP *buga

kind of large, edible marine fish -PWMP *kakap₁

kind of sour edible fruit, possibly fruit of rattan -PWMP *libas₁

kind of wild cane with edible flower head -POC *piso₁

large forest tree with edible brown, hairy fruits:Diospyros discolor -PPH *kamaguŋ

small edible freshwater crab -PMP *kaRaŋ

small edible freshwater crab -PAN *gaRaŋ

species of edible snail -PPh *balilit

tree with edible fruitSandoricum indicum orSandoricum koetjape - *(loan)

tree with edible hairy brown fruit:Diospyros discolor - *(loan)

tree with edible nut, the Canarium almond:Canarium commune -POC *kaŋaRi

tree with edible nut, the Canarium almond:Canarium commune -PMP *kanari

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PMP *taliŋa nu kahiw

wood ear, semicircular edible fungus which grows on tree trunks -PAN *Caliŋa nu kaSiw

edule

a plant with toxic properties,Erioglossum edule orLepisanthes rubiginosa -PWMP *kalayu

a tree:Dracontomelum edule -PMP *daqu₁

a tree:Pangium edule -PWMP *paŋi

edulis

a tree:Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut:Inocarpus edulis -PMP *gayam

the ‘Tahitian chestnut’:Inocarpus fagiferus orI. edulis -POC *ipi₂

eel

eel - *(loan)

eel - *(noise)

eel (small or young) - *(near)

freshwater eel -PMP *tuna

freshwater eel -PAN *tuNa

freshwater eel -PPh *ígat

freshwater eel -PWMP *kasuli

iguana, eel - *(noise)

kind of fish or eel -PPH *palú

kind of marine eel -PMP *haRemaŋ

trap for fish or eels - *(near)

effeminate

effeminate, of a man -PPh *b<in>a-bahi

effervesce

to boil, effervesce -POC *ririq

efficacious

tasteless; neutralize something efficacious, as an antidote for poison -PWMP *tawaR₁

effigy

human effigy; pupil of the eye -PMP *tau tau

effort

exert strength or effort -PWMP *elet₂

egg

break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -POC *posaq

break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -PMP *peceq₂

brood, sit on eggs -PWMP *qerem

brood, sit on eggs -POC *opi

brood, sit on eggs -PMP *ekep

brood, sit on eggs; cover completely -PMP *ukup

chicken egg -PMP *qiteluR ni manuk

egg -PAN *qiCeluR

egg -POC *qatoluR

egg; testicle -PMP *qiteluR

egg; testicle -PMP *qateluR

fish eggs, roe -PPh *bujiq

fish eggs, roe -PWMP *bihed

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

kind of bird that buries its eggs deep in the sand -PPH *tabun₁

lay an egg -PWMP *mag-qiteluR

lay eggs -PWMP *maŋ-qateluR

maggot, fly egg -PWMP *ias₂

nit, egg of a hair louse -PMP *lisehaq, liseqah

nit, egg of a hair louse -PAN *liseqeS

nit, egg of a louse -POC *lisa

nit, egg of a louse -PMP *leseq

nit, louse egg -PWMP *liqes

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -POC *biRa

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -PMP *piRah

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -PAN *piRaS

roe, eggs of fish or crustacean -POC *piRa₁

roe, fish eggs -PAN *biRaS

rotten meat; addled eggs; bad character -PAN *buRuk

rotten, as meat; addled, as eggs; bad, of character -PMP *ma-buRuk

to brood, sit on eggs -PWMP *eden

to shake something, as an egg or coconut -PPH *kalug

to sit on eggs, of a hen -PPH *qebqeb

to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq

egg-laying

hen, egg-laying chicken -PMP *qupa

eggplant

eggplant - *(loan)

hairy eggplant:Solanum ferox Linn. -PPH *basula

Ego

affine of Ego's generation -PAN *idas₁

egret

heron, egret -POC *sou

Egretta

heron, probablyEgretta sp. -POC *kao

Ehretia

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PMP *kanawah

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PAN *kaNawaS

eight

do eight times -PAN *paR-walu-en

do eight times -PWMP *ka-walu

eight -PAN *walu

eight (of humans) -PAN *wa-walu

eight by eight, eight at a time -PMP *walu walu

eight times -PMP *paka-walu

eight times -PWMP *in-walu

eight times (frequentative, multiplicative) -PAN *maka-walu

group of eight -PPh *walu(h)-an

eighth

eighth (ordinal) -PMP *ika-walu

eighty

eighty -PMP *walu ŋa puluq

either

deer of the genusCervus, either the sika deer or sambar deer -PAN-F *benan

or, either - *(loan)

Elaeocarpus

a tree: Elaeocarpus sp.? -PWMP *saŋa₂

Elagatis

a fish, the rainbow runner:Elagatis bipinnulata -POC *kamaRi

elastic

stretchy; elastic - *-ñut(root)

tough, elastic (of flesh) -PWMP *keñat

tough, rubbery, elastic -PPH *kúñat

elata

palm sp:Corypha elata -PMP *buri₁

wild palm tree with fruit similar to areca nut:Heterospathe elata -PPH *sagisí

elbow

elbow -PAN *sikux

elbow, knee; joint, node -POC *pwatu

knock someone or something with the elbow -PMP *pa-siku

to be elbowed, nudged or poked with an elbow -PWMP *siku-en

to elbow; to push or jab with the elbow -PAN *s<um>iku

to prod or knock with the elbow -PWMP *maka-siku

to prod or knock with the elbow -PWMP *ka-siku

was elbowed, was nudged with an elbow -PWMP *s<in>iku

elbowed

to be elbowed, nudged or poked with an elbow -PWMP *siku-en

was elbowed, was nudged with an elbow -PWMP *s<in>iku

elder

elder kinsman - *(noise)

elder same sex sibling -POC *tuaka

elder sibling -PAN *kaka₂

elder sibling -PWMP *aka

elder sibling (vocative) -PWMP *aka-q

elder sibling (vocative) -PWMP *aka-ŋ

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *kaka₂

elder sibling of the same sex -POC *toka

elder sibling of the same sex -PMP *teka₂

father, uncle, elder sibling - *(noise)

old, elder, senior -PAN *ma-tuqaS tuqaS

old, older person, elder; old stand forest -POC *matuqa

older people, elders -PMP *tuqah tuqah

older people, elders -PAN *tuqaS tuqaS

parents' elder sibling -PMP *uaʔ

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me -PMP *ua₂

parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ -PMP *uaq

eldest

first-born child, eldest child -PPH *paŋánay

first-born, eldest child (lit. 'head child') -PMP *anak a qulu

elephant

elephant grass, miscanthus grass:Themeda gigantea -PMP *taŋelaj

elephant grass, miscanthus grass:Themeda gigantea -PAN *Caŋelaj

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp. -PWMP *biRaʔ

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp. -PAN *biRaq₁

wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp.; sexual itch -PMP *biRaq₁

elephant-ear

wild taro, elephant-ear or itching taro,Alocasia spp. -POC *piRaq₂

elephantiasis

elephantiasis -POC *pwiRa

elevate

lift, elevate -PWMP *maŋ-aŋkat-aŋkat

elevated

elevated ground -PMP *bunduk

elevated place -PWMP *paŋguŋ-an

heap, pile; elevated platform used as a look-out -PWMP *paŋguŋ

ell

ell - *(loan)

elliptica

a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -POC *punat

a plant used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PMP *bunat

a plant with root used to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PWMP *tub(e)liq

a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish:Derris elliptica -PAN *tubah

Elm

a tree:Mallotus lackeyi Elm. -PPH *lamay

elongated

fish with a thin, elongated body: long tom -PMP *selu

elope

to seize property and run off with it; to elope with a single woman -PPH *taŋaR

elopement

booty, war captive; what is taken in war; elopement, captured bride -PMP *taban

else

do something with someone else, perform an action together -PAN *mi-da-duSa

hidden behind something else -PPH *limeŋ

hit something against something else -PAN *CugCug₁

include with something else -PPH *taq(e)kip

namesake, have the same name as someone else -PWMP *saŋay

pawned, pledged in place of something else -PWMP *sanda

put something on top of something else -PPH *taq(e)paw-an

put something on top of something else -PPH *i-taq(e)paw

share the possession of something with someone else; co-wife (?) -PWMP *duha-i

someone else's child -PMP *anak i tau

take passage, catch a ride in someone else’s boat -PWMP *tumpaŋ₂

to lodge, stay in someone else’s house -PPH *dagus₂

to make something wind around something else -PAN *pa-litlit

to mix something with something else -PPH *lahuk-án

to ride together with someone else, ride tandem -PPH *aŋkás

elucidate

to explain, elucidate, talk through a problem -PPH *usay

embankment

dam, dyke, embankment -POC *tabak₂

dam, dyke, embankment; to fill a hole with earth; to heap up -PMP *tambak₂

embankment -PWMP *baŋbaŋan

embankment, cliff -PWMP *paŋpaŋ-an

embark

put out to sea, embark on a voyage -POC *toka₃

embarrassed

red; embarrassed -PWMP *ma-iraŋ

shy, embarrassed, ashamed -PCEMP *ma-mayaq

shy, embarrassed; ashamed -PMP *ma-heyaq

shy, embarrassed; ashamed -PAN *ma-Seyaq

embarrassment

embarrassment - *(near)

redness; embarrassment -PWMP *iraŋ₁

shyness, embarrassment; shame -PMP *heyaq

shyness, embarrassment; shame -PAN *Seyaq

embedded

loosely embedded, wobbly; to shake -PWMP *ugaq

sliver, splinter, foreign body embedded in the flesh -PAN *uNay

ember

ember -PMP *baRah

ember, glowing coal -POC *koran

ember, glowing coal -PMP *baRah hapuy

ember, glowing coal -PAN *baRah

embrace

catch, seize; embrace -PAN *dakep

embrace -POC *rakop

embrace -PAN *dekep

embrace from behind, copulate by mounting from behind (of animals, or coarsely of humans) -PPH *tak(e)bá

grasp, embrace -PWMP *hakep

seize, grasp, embrace - *-kep₂(root)

to catch, capture; embrace -PAN *d<um>akep

to cross over, wind around, embrace -PPH *lambid

to hug, embrace -PPH *kepkep-an

to seize, hug, embrace -PMP *kepkep

to wrap around; embrace, hug -PAN *takes₁

embroiled

entangled, caught up in, involved, embroiled -PWMP *saŋkut

embryo

coconut embryo -PMP *para

emerge

lift, carry, bring; emerge, appear, begin; take a spouse -POC *puat₂

to lift, stand up, arise, emerge, begin, depart, carry; cargo; take something; take a wife -PMP *buhat₃

emit

a tall forest tree which emits an unpleasant odor:Sterculia foetida -PMP *bubuR₃

emit smoke or steam -POC *kupuk

emotion

inside, interior; thoughts, emotions, memories -POC *ilo₁

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

strong emotion -PMP *rawan

violent emotion -PWMP *siŋit

emotional

emotional pain - *(near)

emotionally

affected by the moon, mentally or emotionally unstable -PWMP *bulan bulan-en

affected by the moon, mentally or emotionally unstable -PWMP *bulan-en

emotionally upset - *(noise)

emotive

interjection of negative emotive force -PMP *qisaq

empathy

peace, empathy, harmony between parties -PWMP *damay

emperor

a fish, large emperor:Lethrinus sp. -POC *kasika

a fish, small emperor -POC *koraŋa

a fish, the emperor:Lethrinus spp. -POC *surup₂

a fish, the emperor:Lethrinus spp. -POC *sabutu

emphasis

particle expressing solidarity, concession, qualification, or emphasis -PPH *man

emphatic

emphatic particle -PWMP *ta₂

emphatic particle -PMP *lagi

linker marking emphatic attribution -PAN *na₂

empty

deflate; empty - *-pis₁(root)

deflated, empty -PWMP *umpis

empty husk (of rice, etc.) -PWMP *qapah qapah

empty husk (of rice, etc.) -PMP *qapah

empty husk (of rice, etc.) -PMP *ampaw

empty out -PWMP *Ruaq

empty, deflated - *-pes(root)

empty, deflated, shrunken -PMP *i(m)pes

empty, of rice ears -PWMP *buqaw

empty, vacant -PAN *quaŋ₁

open space, empty of obstruction -PWMP *tawaŋ

encircle

belt, anything that encircles tightly -PMP *bakes₁

encircle tightly -PWMP *sel(e)qut

encircle tigthly; band or ring around something -PWMP *selut

encircle, wrap around -PPh *balíkes

encircle, wrap firmly around - *-kes(root)

enclose, encircle -PWMP *kepuq

go around, encircle -PWMP *liut₁

surround, encircle -PWMP *pa-libut

surround, encircle - *-kub₂(root)

surround, encircle, as game -PWMP *libut

surround, encircle, as in attacking someone -PMP *liput₁

to encircle, surround -PPH *lukúb

to encircle, surround something -PPH *qalibuŋbuŋ

to surround, encircle -PWMP *li(ŋ)kub

to wrap, encircle, as with the arms or wings -PPH *kupkup₂

wind around, encircle -PWMP *ti(ŋ)kes

wrap around, encircle -PAN *ta(R)kes

wrap firmly around, encircle tightly -POC *likos

wrap firmly around, encircle tightly -PMP *likes

encircling

encircling article of clothing or adornment -PWMP *giret

enclose

cage, as for an animal; to enclose in a cage or pen -PWMP *kuruŋ

close, shut; enclose -PWMP *tikup

cover, enclose -PWMP *takup₁

enclose, cover -PWMP *ekup

enclose, cover - *-kup(root)

enclose, cover; grasp - *-kem₁(root)

enclose, encircle -PWMP *kepuq

enclose; hold something inside the mouth -PMP *qeŋkem

enclosure; to enclose -PPH *lakub

pinch, squeeze, enclose -PWMP *maŋ-hapit

to cover, enclose -PWMP *likup₁

to enclose, shut in -PMP *kebkeb₁

to enclose, shut in’ -POC *kokop

enclosed

artificially enclosed catchment for water: well, ditch -PWMP *paRigi

enclosed body of water - *-naw₁(root)

enclosing

enclosing wall - *(noise)

enclosure

enclosure, pen for animals -PWMP *kandaŋ

enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field -PMP *pager

enclosure; to enclose -PPH *lakub

fence, barrier; enclosure -PWMP *tendek₂

fence, enclosure -POC *qaRa₂

pen, enclosure for domesticated animals -PMP *bara₁

pen, enclosure for domesticated animals -PMP *baRa₂

pen, enclosure for domesticated animals -PMP *bala₂

protective covering or enclosure; mosquito net -PPH *kubuŋ₂

encounter

meet, encounter, happen upon -PPH *tag(e)búq

to meet or greet someone who is arriving, or who one encounters by surprise -PPH *sabat-en

to meet, encounter -POC *toka₁

encumbered

encumbered -PWMP *rimbit

end

beam, house end - *(noise)

buttocks, rear end -PWMP *buri₂

come to an end -PWMP *pedped₂

come to an end -PMP *ke(m)pus

come to an end, be destroyed -PMP *qa(m)pus

completely, to the end -PPH *lubús

dusky, twilight, as near the end of day -PWMP *peteŋ

end of tuber that is kept for planting -PEMP *upe

end or death of something (?) -PWMP *ka-p-atay-an

end, complete, finish -PAN *tapus

end, conclude, finish -PMP *te(m)pus

end, finish - *-pus₁(root)

end, finish; used up, finished -PMP *upus

end, terminate, finish, use up - *-bus(root)

rear end of a chicken -PMP *buntut₁

rear end of an animal -POC *buntut₂

run out, come to an end, of supplies; be poor -PMP *kabus₁

stop, end, finish, complete; finished, used up -PMP *qeti₃

tail; end of something long, as a rope; tip of a leaf -POC *siku

to end, finish, complete something -PWMP *putput₃

to finish, to end -PPH *wakas₂

to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end -PWMP *lepas

endearment

heart (figurative); term of endearment -PMP *buaq ni qatay

term of endearment -PWMP *buaq qatay

term of endearment for a little boy -PPH *duduy

endeavor

persist in an endeavor -PWMP *atag

endosperm

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

pithy ball inside sprouted coconut, coconut endosperm -POC *piri

endure

bear, endure - *(loan)

bear, endure - *(noise)

endure, last a long time -POC *loan

to put up with, endure, be patient -PPH *tiqís

enduring

lasting, enduring -PWMP *bantas

enema

enema - *(loan)

enemy

answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -POC *bali₇

dual division, moiety == cluster (a) answer, oppose, opposite side or part; partner, friend, enemy -PMP *baliw₁

enemy -POC *kana₂

enemy -PAN-F *pajiS

enemy -PAN *busuR₁

enemy - *(loan)

enemy - *(noise)

push, slide or glide forward, as in pushing wood into a fire, or storming the enemy -PWMP *suruŋ

stranger; enemy -PAN-F *qaNa

to lie in wait for an enemy or wild game -PPH *tambaŋ-an

energetic

agile, quick, swift, energetic -PMP *ta(ŋ)kas

energetic, active -PWMP *sikaD

quick, energetic, strong -POC *lagas

quick, energetic, strong -PMP *lakas

spirited, energetic -PMP *la(ŋ)kas

strong, energetic -POC *pakas

strong, vigorous, energetic -PWMP *ma-bikas

strong, vigorous, energetic -PWMP *bikas

strong, vigorous, energetic, forceful -PAN *ma-keseR

swift, agile, strong, energetic - *-kas₃(root)

swift, energetic -PMP *ti(ŋ)kas

swift, strong, energetic, fast -PMP *bakas₁

energy

raw energy, animal appetite -PMP *ganas

engaged

engaged, pledged to be married -PWMP *tunaŋ

engagement

fiancé, engagement - *(loan)

involvement, engagement, business -PPH *labut

enough

enough, sufficient - *(loan)

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *bisuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -POC *bosuR

satisfied from having eaten enough, satiated -PAN *besuR

satisfied from having eaten enough; satiated -PWMP *busuR₃

sufficient, enough -PPH *sapát

ensemble

a percussive musical instrument or ensemble: the gamelan -PWMP *kulintaŋ

enshroud

burial shroud; to enshroud a corpse -PMP *saput₁

ensign

banner, ensign - *(loan)

ensnared

be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true -PAN *keNa

Entada

a vine:Entada scandens -PWMP *baluRu

entangle

entangle, snarl, tie up, wind around, wrap -POC *pisi₁

hook on to something; entangle -PMP *saqebit

entangled

entangled, caught up in, involved, embroiled -PWMP *saŋkut

entangled, trapped -POC *sogo

enter

descend, enter -POC *solop

enter -PAN *pasuk

enter -PPH *suquk

enter, penetrate -PMP *selep

enter, penetrate -PAN *sejep

enter, penetrate -PWMP *hacuk

enter, penetrate -PMP *dusuk

enter, penetrate, insert -PWMP *hasuk

enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tamaq₂

enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tama₂

enter, penetrate; to set, of the sun -PMP *surup₁

insert, penetrate, enter - *-suk (or *suquk?)(root)

press into, penetrate; enter crouching; drive in stakes -PMP *usuk

to enter -PMP *p<um>asuk

to enter, insert -PPH *pusek

to enter, penetrate, pierce -PAN *s<um>uksuk

entertain

to entertain guests, look after visitors -PPH *amuma

entice

entice - *(noise)

entice, persuade - *(noise)

entrapped

be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true -PAN *keNa

enumerate

count, enumerate -PPh *huyáp

envelop

disappear behind something that envelops or blocks the view -PAN *lipuC

go around, envelop, surround -PWMP *l<um>iput

envious

envious, jealous -PWMP *qiRih

envious, jealous -PCEMP *buRu₂

envious, jealous -PMP *buRehuʔ

envy, envious -PPH *iŋgit

envy

envy - *(near)

envy, envious -PPH *iŋgit

jealousy, envy - *(loan)

epilepsy

epilepsy -PWMP *babuy₂

Epinephelus

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PWMP *kuRapuq

a fish, the sea perch, giant rock cod, giant grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *kuRapu

kind of striped or spotted marine fish, grouper:Epinephelus spp. -PMP *keRteŋ

equal

border on, neighbor; peer, equal -PWMP *sidiŋ

equal in dimentions -PWMP *repeŋ

equal in height or length -PPH *tepeŋ₂

equal, equivalent -PWMP *bali₂

same, equal, like -PWMP *pada

uniform, equal to - *(loan)

various, suitable, equal - *(loan)

equal in weight

equal in weight - *(loan)

equally

equally, without distinction -PWMP *pada pada

with no difference, equally to both -PMP *sama-sama

equisetifolia

a shore tree:Casuarina equisetifolia -PMP *qaRuhu

a shore tree:Casuarina equisetifolia -POC *aRu

a shore tree:Casuarina equisetifolia -PMP *aRuhu

tree sp.,Casuarina equisetifolia - *(loan)

equivalent

equal, equivalent -PWMP *bali₂

Erechtites

a plant:Erechtites spp. -PAN-F *Sina

erect

drive in, erect, as a piling -PMP *uzeg

erect, construct -PWMP *maŋ-baŋun

erect, of the penis -PPh *qutuR

erect, stand upright -PWMP *ma-baŋun

stand erect -PMP *ti(n)zeg

stand erect - *-zeg(root)

stand erect - *-zer(root)

to stand erect -PWMP *zegzeg

upright, erect -PMP *tenzeg, te(n)dek

wake someone, rouse someone from sleep; erect something, put something in an upright position -PMP *baŋun₂

erection

construction, erection of something -PWMP *paŋ-baŋun-an

eremita

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kipau

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kikau

Eriobotrya

loquat tree and fruit:Eriobotrya deflexa -PAN-F *Ritu

Erioglossum

a plant with toxic properties,Erioglossum edule orLepisanthes rubiginosa -PWMP *kalayu

eroded

crumbling, eroded; landslide, cave-in -PPH *tebág

errand

to send someone on an errand -PPH *tubul

erratically

to walk or move unsteadily, erratically -POC *tibaŋ

error

error, mistake; fault, offense -PWMP *ka-salaq-an

make a mistake, commit an error, be wrong about something -PWMP *maR-salaq

to blame, accuse of error or fault; to punish -PMP *pa(ka)-salaq

wrong, in error (of behavior); miss (a target); mistake, error, fault -PMP *salaq₁

eruption

wart; cyst; non-purulent skin eruption -POC *putiR

wart; cyst; non-purulent skin eruption -PCEMP *butiR

wart; cyst; non-purulent skin eruption -PMP *buteliR

Erythrina

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -POC *rarap

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -PMP *dapdap₁

a tree:Erythrina spp. -PPH *sabaŋ₂

a tree:Erythrina spp. -PMP *dedap

tree sp.:Erythrina indica - *(noise)

tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the Indian coral tree,Erythrina indica -PMP *depdep

escape

cornered, unable to escape -POC *jukul₁

cornered, unable to escape -PMP *sukul₂

exude or escape, of air, gases or similar substances (?) -PMP *heŋaw

run away, flee; flight, escape; fugitive -PMP *pa-laRiw

run, run away, flee, escape -PAN *laRiw

escaping

sound of escaping air - *-pus₂(root)

sound of escaping air, etc. -PMP *pes

escort

accompany, escort -PMP *h<um>ateD

accompany, escort -PAN *S<um>ateD

accompany, escort - *(noise)

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

accompany, escort; send, return -PAN *SateD

escort, accompany -PAN *ma-SateD

escort, accompany (imperative) -PMP *hateD-an

escort, accompany (imperative) -PAN *SateD-an

person who leads or escorts another; means of leading or escorting -PWMP *paŋ-hateD

to lead, conduct, escort -PPH *tundaq

escorted

be escorted, be delivered -PWMP *hateD-en

was escorted or brought; person escorted, thing brought -PWMP *h<in>ateD

escorting

person who leads or escorts another; means of leading or escorting -PWMP *paŋ-hateD

esculenta

cultivated taro:Colocasia esculenta -PAN-F *Cali

taro:Colocasia esculenta -PPH *gabi

taro:Colocasia esculenta -POC *talos

taro:Colocasia esculenta -PMP *tales

esculentum

bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum -PAN *paheku

escuse

to assume, act on a supposition, be the reason for an action, escuse for something -PWMP *dalih

esp

crumbs of food, esp. rice -PPH *muhmuh

plant shoot. esp. bamboo shoot -PMP *rebuŋ

to pass through or by something, esp. after stopping -PPH *lahús

young, esp. of vegetation -PWMP *bataq

essence

essence, best part - *(loan)

estuaries

large catfish that lives in river estuaries: genusArius -PWMP *tambaŋuŋu

estuary

estuary, harbor - *(loan)

estuary, mouth of a river -PMP *naŋa₁

estuary, river mouth - *(loan)

estuary, shore near the mouth of a river -PMP *sabaŋ₁

inside area, estuary -PPH *luqúb

mouth of a river, estuary -PMP *minaŋa

mouth of a river, estuary -PCEMP *naŋa₃

mouth of a river, estuary -PMP *binaŋa

Eugenia

mountain apple:Eugenia spp. -PPH *makúpa

eulogize

to praise, eulogize, honor someone -PWMP *i(n)dan

Euphorbia

a shrub:Euphorbia neriifolia L. -PWMP *sudu-sudu

Euphorbiaceae

a tree:Macaranga spp.,Euphorbiaceae -POC *koka

evade

avoid, evade (as people one does not wish to be with) -PPh *iwas

dodge, evade, avoid -PWMP *qilag

evaporate

dry up, evaporate -PMP *maja

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

evaporate -PWMP *ma-huab₂

evaporate, dry up -PMP *tuquR

evaporate, dry up -PPh *hebás

to evaporate -PPH *s<um>eŋaw

to evaporate, as vapor rising from the ground after rain -PPH *suŋáw

to evaporate, cause to dry up -PPh *maR-hebás

even

complete; even (of numbers) -PWMP *genep

drawn, tied, even in score - *(loan)

even -PPH *ŋaniq

flat, even, level -PWMP *parpar

flat, even, level -PWMP *palpal₂

flat, level, even -POC *rapaR

flat, level, even -PMP *dapaR

more (intensive), even more, moreso; surplus -PWMP *laluq

more (intensive), even more, moreso; surplus; to worsen (as an illness) -PMP *lalu₁

even if

although, even if - *(loan)

evening

afternoon, evening -POC *paka-Rapiqi

afternoon, evening; yesterday -POC *Rapi

evening (?) -POC *ka-Rabiqi

evening, night -PAN *Rabi-an

late afternoon, evening; evening meal -PAN *Rabiqi

late afternoon, evening; evening meal; yesterday -PMP *Rabiqi

evenly

to distribute, spead out evenly -PPH *wadwad

evergreen

an evergreen tree with decorative flowers:Cynometra ramiflora L. -PMP *namut

an evergreen tree, probablyAcacia confusa -PAN-F *tuquN

every

daily, every day -PMP *qalejaw-qalejaw

each month, every month, monthly; for months -PMP *bulan-bulan₂

every night, happening every night -PPH *R<in>abiqi

every night, happening every night -PAN *Rabi-Rabi

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabis

finished, used up; all, every one -PWMP *qabiq

nightly, every night -PMP *beRŋi beRŋi

everything

something; anything; everything -PMP *apa apa

evil

bad, evil -PMP *ma-zaqat

bad, evil -PPh *iba₂

bad, evil; ugly -PWMP *zaqet

bad, evil; ugly -PMP *zaqat

evil spirit, vampire, witch - *(loan)

evil, harm, disaster - *(noise)

plot evil - *(noise)

reciprocate good or evil -PWMP *baras

to answer, retaliate; reciprocate good or evil -PAN *bales₁

eviscerate

gut a fish, eviscerate -PWMP *ebuq

ex

1pl ex oblique -PWMP *ameq

1pl ex oblique -PAN *amen

exact

exact, precise -PWMP *tepet₁

exact, precise - *(loan)

examine

cunning; spy on, examine -PPH *sikap₁

examine, investigate - *(loan)

inspect, examine -PWMP *indaŋ

see, examine, look at closely -PWMP *iliŋ₂

see, examine, look at closely -PWMP *hiliŋ

test, assay, examine -PWMP *uzi

to test, try, examine -PPH *subuk₂

example

base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun

example - *(loan)

to follow instructions, follow an example; carry along, give in, allow something to happen -PWMP *tuRut

exasperated

exasperated, exasperating -PWMP *sera

exasperating

exasperated, exasperating -PWMP *sera

excavate

a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PMP *kali₂

a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PAN *kalih

cavity, pit, den; to excavate a pit -PMP *baŋbaŋ₃

to dig up, excavate, as tubers -PAN *k<um>ali

excavated

dug out, excavated - *(noise)

exceed

exceed -PWMP *lawan₂

exceed, excess -PWMP *la(m)paw

exceed, surpass, go beyond -PWMP *lalaw

exceed; excessive -PPH *lábis

surpass, exceed -PMP *liu₁

surpass, exceed, overdo -PPH *lepaw₃

except

besides, except -PWMP *laban₁

except, other than; another, different -PPH *sabáliq

excess

exceed, excess -PWMP *la(m)paw

excess, surplus -PMP *lebiq

excess, surplus -PAN *labiq

excess; excessive -PCMP *lesi

excess; more than; surpass -PMP *labi₁

in excess, overabundant; surplus -PPH *saway

to cloy, satiate, do something to excess and so lose interest -PPh *s<um>aweqaq

to eat too much, be cloyed, overfull, tired of something through excess; bored -PWMP *saweqaq

trim, cut off excess -PWMP *Ri(ŋ)kas

excessive

exceed; excessive -PPH *lábis

excess; excessive -PCMP *lesi

to go past, go beyond, be excessive -PPH *lampás

excessively

to talk excessively, or in a rapid, meaningless stream -PPH *yamyám

exchange

change, exchange; repeat, return; again -PPh *baliw-an

change, exchange; repeat, return; again -PMP *baliw₂

exchange -PPh *palit

exchange - *(near)

exchange barter - *(loan)

money, payment, medium of commercial exchange -PCEMP *matay₂

sell, give in exchange -PMP *pa-beli

to barter, purchase by exchange -POC *poli-a

excitement

exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc. -PMP *qi₁

for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound -PPH *kebá

passion, excitement - *(loan)

sexual arousal, sexual excitement -PAN *qeCuR

sexual heat, sexual excitement -POC *tolaq

sexual heat, sexual excitement -PMP *telaq₂

squeal, as in excitement -POC *koŋe

excl

1p. excl., we -POC *kamami

1pl. excl. genitive, our -PAN *n-ami

1pl. excl. genitive, our -PMP *m-ami

1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive) -PAN *k-ami

1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive) -PAN *ami

1pl. excl. nominative, we -PAN *i-ami

1pl. excl., we -PMP *kam-ami

exclaim

shout, exclaim -POC *pela pela

to exclaim in pain, distress, etc. -PWMP *maŋ-aduq

exclamation

dehortatory exclamation -PWMP *anaŋ

exclamation -POC *ui

exclamation - *(noise)

exclamation (probably of affirmation or confirmation) -PAN *qia

exclamation of acknowledgement, surprise, etc. -PMP *qu₁

exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc. -PAN *aya₁

exclamation of astonishment, fright, etc. -PMP *qina

exclamation of joy or sorrow -PCEMP *qaue

exclamation of pain -PPH *aráy

exclamation of pain - *(near)

exclamation of pain or surprise -PWMP *ajiq

exclamation of pain, distress, etc. -PMP *aduq

exclamation of pain, fear, excitement, etc. -PMP *qi₁

exclamation of pain; ouch! -PPH *ananay₁

exclamation of surprise -POC *awa

exclamation of surprise, etc. -PAN *ua₁

exclamation of surprise, etc. -PMP *ihi

exclamation of surprise, pain, etc. -PMP *iqi

exclamation of wonder, disgust, etc. -PAN *i₁

exclamation of wonder, pain, etc. -PMP *inda₁

exclamation to express surprise, call attention, etc. -PMP *uy

exclamation to express surprise, call to a friend, respond to a distant call, etc. -PMP *huy

exclamation, interjection -PMP *a₃

exclamation: ah!, oh!, alas! -PWMP *abá

interjection or exclamation -PMP *ba₂

interjection or exclamation to call attention or answer a call -POC *oe

interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc. -PAN *ai₂

exclusion

gulp down food, gorge on one food to the exclusion of others -PWMP *lunlun

exclusive

condylar bone, bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PWMP *tuqelaŋ

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PMP *tuqelan

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PAN *CuqelaN

Excoecaria

a tree:Excoecaria spp. -PWMP *buta buta₂

excoriated

to peel off skin, bark or leaves; excoriated, decorticated, defoliated -PWMP *laklak

excrement

feces, excrement -POC *take₂

feces, excrement -POC *taqe₂

feces, excrement -PMP *taqay

feces, excrement -PMP *taqi

feces, excrement -PAN *Caqi

excreta

feces, excreta -PMP *taki

feces, excreta -PAN *Caki

excuse

excuse, alibi -PPH *dawa

reason, pretext, excuse for doing something -PWMP *dalih-an

excuse oneself

excuse oneself; greeting - *(loan)

exemplar

model, exemplar -PWMP *tulad-an

exert

exert strength or effort -PWMP *elet₂

exhalation

breath exhalation - *(noise)

exhausted

exhausted - *(noise)

exhausted - *(noise)

fatigued, exhausted -PWMP *lesu₃

tired, exhausted -PWMP *pagel

tired, weak, exhausted -PPH *lutuy

to grow weak or exhausted -PWMP *l<um>esu

weak, exhausted -PPH *lanay₂

weak, exhausted -PAN *lutay

exhaustion

throb with pain or exhaustion -PPH *seŋet-seŋet

exhortation

exhortation to call a person or animal -PAN *kati₁

exist

be, exist, have; not be, not have -PWMP *wada-i

be, exist, have; not exist, not have -PWMP *wada-q

be, exist, have; wealthy; not exist, not have -PMP *wada

existential

negative existential: there is none -PAN-F *uka₁

exorcise

purify ritually, exorcise -PWMP *lukat₁

expanding

swollen, expanding outward -PWMP *kembaŋ

expanse

gaping expanse -PPh *waŋwáŋ

open space, expanse of land or water -PWMP *bawaŋ₁

expected

month of expected childbirth (?) -PPh *ka-bulan-an

expectorate

to spit, expectorate -PMP *supaq

expedition

headhunting expedition -PWMP *pa-ŋayaw

expel

drive off, chase away, expel -PPh *maR-buRaw

drive off, chase away, expel -PWMP *maŋ-buRaw

drive off, chase away, expel -PPh *buRaw-en

drive off, chase away, expel -PAN *buRaw

puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun -PMP *putput₂

expenditure

expense, expenditure - *(loan)

expense

expense, expenditure - *(loan)

expenses - *(loan)

experience

experience fear - *(noise)

hurt, frightened, or discouraged by previous bad experience -PWMP *zeRa

recall or drag up disagreeable past experiences -PWMP *uŋkat

experiment

experiment - *(noise)

explain

to explain, elucidate, talk through a problem -PPH *usay

explanation

explanation, interpretation - *(loan)

explicitly

state explicitly, stipulate -PWMP *tandes

explode

explode -POC *botu

explode; explosion (as of a volcano) -PMP *betu₂

exploding

make an exploding sound -PPh *pa-betu

exploit

take advantage of a situation or opportunity, exploit an advantage -PPH *sambut₁

explosion

explode; explosion (as of a volcano) -PMP *betu₂

expose

expose to fire -PPH *maR-daŋdaŋ

expose to the heat of a fire or the sun -PWMP *maŋ-daŋdaŋ

expose to the heat of a fire or the sun -PPH *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ

expose to the wind -PMP *pa(ka)-haŋin

to burn, expose to fire -PPH *sil(e)qáb

to open, uncover, expose -PMP *buka

to uproot, expose by uncovering -PPH *lukat₂

turn up at the edge, expose the bottom side -PWMP *lukab

exposed

ebb tide; coral reefs and sandbanks exposed at low tide; evaporate, dry up, of water in cooking, in a river, etc. -PMP *qeti₁

exposed to the sun -POC *bilac

exposure

nudity, exposure of the body -PWMP *pukas₁

soft through exposure to moisture; sticky -PWMP *luyak

express

exclamation to express surprise, call attention, etc. -PMP *uy

exclamation to express surprise, call to a friend, respond to a distant call, etc. -PMP *huy

state, express in words -PPh *beŋát₂

expressing

indeed; interjection expressing validity to an interlocutor -PPH *ŋani

particle expressing confirmation: indeed -PPH *qa

particle expressing solidarity, concession, qualification, or emphasis -PPH *man

expression

base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun

expression of pity or affection -PMP *ka-qasiq-an

expression of warning: watch out! -PWMP *hatay

expression, as of displeasure or surprise -PPh *atá

fart, flatulence; expression of disbelief or denial -PMP *qetut

have an angry facial expression - *(noise)

marker of past time in temporal expressions -PAN *ka-₁

stare, look at with fixed expression -PWMP *bulalak

yes; expression of affirmation -PMP *qio

yes; expression of agreement -PMP *heqe

extend

extend both arms sideways -PPH *maR-depa

extend the arms sideways -PPH *i-depa

thrust out, extend forward -PMP *qunzur

thrust out; extend - *-zur(root)

to reach, extend to -PMP *taRus

extended

extended, stretched taut, put under tension -PMP *benteŋ

field hut; temporary shelter used when working for extended periods in fields far from the village -PAN-F *taRuqan

extension

extension to a house (?) -PPH *sibay

extension to house -PWMP *surambiq

extension to house -PWMP *surambi

extension to house -PWMP *ambiq

extent

draw a bow to its full extent -PAN *biaC

draw a bow to its full extent’ -PMP *biat

width, extent across -PMP *beraŋ

external

external part of something -PWMP *dapuR dapuR

extinction

extinction -PWMP *ripur

extinguish

douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire -PMP *sebuh

douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire’ -PAN *sebuS

extinguish a fire - *(noise)

strike, beat; pierce; kill; extinguish (a fire) -POC *punuq₃

throw at, hit, strike with a sharp object; kill; extinguish (a fire) -PMP *bunuq₂

to extinguish, douse a fire -PWMP *pideŋ

to extinguish, douse a fire -PAN *padeŋ

to extinguish, douse a fire -PWMP *padem

extinguished

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

extra

extra, surplus, in addition to -PWMP *kapin

supernumerary, as an extra finger or toe -PAN *sipiŋ

extract

extract the pith from the sago palm -PMP *saku₁

knock anything hollow so as to extract what is inside -PWMP *tuŋtuŋ₁

pierce, as wth a needle; extract by piercing -PMP *suŋkit

pull out, extract -PWMP *Rebut

pull out, extract -PMP *benut₂

pull out, extract -PAN *beNuC

squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing -POC *poRos

squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing -PAN *peRes

squeeze to extract juice -POC *pite

to extract from body (as sliver, or imagined cause of illness in shamanic practice) -PPH *abat₄

withdraw, pull out, extract -POC *unus-i

withdraw, pull out, extract -POC *unus

withdraw, pull out, extract -PMP *hunus

withdraw, pull out, extract -PAN *SuNus

extravagant

wasteful, extravagant -PWMP *burus₂

extreme

person who suffers from extreme flatulence -PWMP *paŋ-qetut-an

extremely

lots of worms; crawling with worms, extremely wormy -PMP *qulej qulej

old, of people; very, extremely; to die, dead (euphemism) -PMP *ma-tuqah

stative prefix marking high degree of some quality; extremely; superlative marker -PPH *ka-₃

extremity

extremity, tip -PWMP *utuŋ

tip, extremity -PMP *budu

top of a tree, tip, extremity -PWMP *lawi₂

exude

exude or escape, of air, gases or similar substances (?) -PMP *heŋaw

exult

exult, celebrate (as a victory) - *(loan)

eye

affliction of the eyes -POC *buta₃

blind in one eye -PWMP *picek

blind in one eye -PPh *bul(e)díŋ

blink, wink, close the eye briefly -PPH *kimit

cataract of the eye -PWMP *biliR

cataract of the eye -PMP *bileR

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PPh *bulág

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PWMP *buleheR

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -POC *pulaR₂

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PAN *bulaR₁

close the eyes -PWMP *pidem

close the eyes -PWMP *pezem

close the eyes -PMP *pezeŋ

close the eyes -PWMP *kizem

close the eyes -PWMP *kidem

close the eyes -PAN *kezem

close the eyes - *(noise)

close the eyes; go out, of a light -PWMP *qezep

corner of the eye -POC *kilo

corner of the eye -PCEMP *kilaw₃

eye ailment - *(loan)

eye of a needle -PWMP *mata nu zaRum

eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata

eye, focal point, center or most prominent part -PAN *maCa

foreign object in the eye -PWMP *puliŋ₂

get a mote in the eye -PMP *buta-en mata

get a mote in the eye -PAN *buCa-en maCa

gummy secretion of the eyes -PWMP *muteq

having defective eyes -PWMP *ileR

human effigy; pupil of the eye -PMP *tau tau

kind of marine fish with large eyes -PPH *mata-án

kind of shellfish; eye of cateye shell -PMP *bulan₁

look over a wide area, search for something with the eyes while standing in place -PPH *nanaw

mote in the eye; blind; blindness -PMP *buta₁

mote in the eye; blind; blindness -PAN *buCa

open the eyes -PMP *kulat₁

open the eyes wide -PMP *kilat₂

open the eyes wide -POC *pilat₁

open the eyes wide -PMP *bilat₁

open the eyes wide - *-lat₁(root)

open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes -PWMP *maŋ-bulat

open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes -POC *bulat₂

open the eyes wide, stare with round eyes -PMP *bulat₁

open, of the eyes -PMP *bidak

outer corner of the eye -PMP *ikuR ni mata

pupil of the eye -PAN *CaCaw

pupil of the eye -PMP *anak i mata

pupil of the eye (‘child of the eye’) -PMP *anak nu mata

pupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’) -PMP *tau nu mata

pupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’) -PAN *Cau nu maCa

slanted, of the eyes -PPH *siŋkít

stare, fix the eyes on -PWMP *maŋmaŋ

to blink, wink, momentarily close the eye -PWMP *kezep

to rub the eyes -PAN *ledled

visible defect of the eyes -PPh *paq(e)liŋ

wide open, of the eyes -PMP *hilat

eyeball

eyeball -POC *kanoŋ qi mata

eyebrow

eyebrow -PAN *kalaw₂

eyebrow -PWMP *kiniŋ

eyebrow -PWMP *keniŋ

eyebrow -POC *paju

eyebrow -PWMP *kiday

eyebrow -PWMP *kiray

forehead; eyebrow -POC *pasu₂

raise the eyebrows as a signal to another person; to furrow the brows (?) -PWMP *kindat

eyelash

eyelash -PPH *pidek₂

eyelash -POC *pisi ni mata

eyelash -POC *pulu qi mata

eyelash -PMP *bulu ni mata

eyelash - *(near)

eyelashes

eyelashes -PWMP *qizep

eyelid

dried mucus on the eyelid -PWMP *mismis₁

eyelid -PPH *talukaeb

eyelid -PMP *takub-takub

thin covering, eyelid -PMP *takub