be    bi    bl    bo    br    bu    by    

babble

babble - *(loan)

baby

baby chick; peeping of chick -PAN *piak

baby chick; to peep, of chicks -PMP *piqek

chick, baby chicken -PMP *anak i manuk

to cheep; baby chick -PAN *siwsiw

to cuddle, cradle, as a baby -PPH *kelkel₁

to wean a baby from breast-feeding -PPH *pusiŋ

bachelor

bachelor, young unmarried man -PPh *ulitáu

bachelor; young unmarried person -POC *tau paqoRu

bachelor’s house, men’s house -PMP *kamaliR

new, fresh; recent(ly); youth, bachelor; beautiful, in one's prime -PMP *baqeRu

new; bachelor -PAN *baqeRuh

back

back -PAN *likud

back (anat.) -POC *takuRu

back (anat.) -PAN-F *bukuN

back (anat.) -POC *tuqa₁

back (of humans or animals) -PWMP *edeg

back and forth movement -POC *puis

back area, place at the back? -PAN *likud-an

back of leg -PWMP *taked₁

back of the head -POC *keju

back, posterior part -POC *muru

backrest, place to lean back against -PWMP *sandaR-an

breast beam of a back loom -PMP *qatip₁

carry on the back -PAN-F *apa₂

cloth used to carry a child on the back -PMP *haban

cloth used to carry a child on the back -PAN *SabaN

fatty hump on the back of a buffalo, etc. -PWMP *kulasa

hernia; to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis -PMP *luslus

hind part, rear, back -POC *burit₃

hind part, rear, back -PMP *burit₁

hind part, rear, back -POC *buRit₂

hind part, rear, back; base, bottom -PMP *buRit₁

nape, back of the neck -PPH *teŋel

net bag used by men for carrying things on back -PAN-F *kaway₃

prepuce, foreskin; pull back the prepuce -PPH *lusiq

pull back and forth -PMP *buis

rear, back, behind - *(noise)

resilient, springing back when pressed down -PWMP *endut

retreat, fall back -PWMP *undur

return, come back -PAN *wili

return, go back -PWMP *pulaŋ

return, go back -PAN *Cikel

return, send back -PMP *pa-uliq

return; go back -PPh *maR-uliq

ritual for calling back the soul (?) -PPH *lawit₂

rock or hover back and forth -PWMP *kindaŋ-kindaŋ

spring back suddenly; spring-set spear trap; the constellation Orion -PWMP *bala(n)tik

to back water with a paddle -POC *ruru₁

to complain, argue back -PPh *áŋal

to flay, peel back or off, as bark or skin -PCEMP *sisi₃

to hold back, keep in reserve -PWMP *taqan₂

to pull back the foreskin -PPH *lusiq-en

to spring back, bounce off -PWMP *latiŋ

to sway back and forth, as plant stems in the wind -PWMP *liŋgaŋ

to touch someone lightly, rub the back -PPH *ap(e)rus

turn around, turn back -POC *ta-bulos

turn around, turn back -POC *bulos

turn one’s head to the side to look back -PPH *liŋiq

turn over, rock back and forth, swing -POC *pui pui

turn over, rock back and forth, swing -POC *pui₂

turn the back on -PMP *ta-likud

turn the back to someone -POC *ta-likur

turn the head to look back -PPH *liŋay₂

turn the head to look back -PPH *liŋaw₂

wag, shake back and forth -PWMP *kilay

waist, back of the waist -PMP *hawak

waist, back of the waist -PAN *Sawak

wave back and forth -PWMP *kipay

wave back and forth -PWMP *ambay

wave back and forth - *(noise)

wave back and forth (hand, flag) -PPh *wasíwas

what is carried on the back -PMP *h<in>eban

what is carried on the back -PAN *S<in>ebaN

background

fighting cock with greenish feathers on light background -PWMP *hizaw

backpaddle

to backpaddle a canoe; walk backwards -PEMP *suak

backrest

backrest, place to lean back against -PWMP *sandaR-an

backward

retreat, move backward -PWMP *unduD

retreat, move backward - *(near)

retreat, move backwards -PPh *isul

to backpaddle a canoe; walk backwards -PEMP *suak

to bend backward, as when standing on tiptoes -PPH *tiqad

to bend backward, protruding the abdomen -PWMP *liad

bad

bad -POC *saqat

bad luck -PWMP *palis₂

bad, defective -PAN-F *kuya₁

bad, evil -PMP *ma-zaqat

bad, evil -PPh *iba₂

bad, evil; ugly -PWMP *zaqet

bad, evil; ugly -PMP *zaqat

harbor bad feelings toward - *(noise)

hurt, frightened, or discouraged by previous bad experience -PWMP *zeRa

kind of large red tree ant with bad bite -PWMP *alagaq

misfortune, bad luck -PMP *malaŋ

owl sp., bird of bad omen -PWMP *bukaw

rotten meat; addled eggs; bad character -PAN *buRuk

rotten, as meat; addled, as eggs; bad, of character -PMP *ma-buRuk

stench, bad odor -PPh *buŋ(e)tút

too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame! -PWMP *sayaŋ

various plants, etc. with a bad smell -PWMP *qetut qetut

badge

badge, medal - *(loan)

badly cooked

badly cooked, of rice - *(loan)

bag

bag - *(noise)

bag of plaited palm leaves -PWMP *bayuquŋ

bag, sack -PAN *lubuk₃

bag, sack - *(loan)

improvised purse or bag, folded cloth used to carry things -PWMP *puyuŋ

knapsack, bag used when on journeys -PWMP *buntil

net bag used by men for carrying things on back -PAN-F *kaway₃

plaited palm leaf bag or pouch -PWMP *kampil

small bag, pouch -PWMP *pu(n)tir

bail

bail out a canoe -PMP *limas

bail out water -PWMP *maŋa-limas

bail out water -POC *qasu

bailer; to bail water from a canoe -POC *nimas

to bail out completely -PWMP *limas-an

bailed

to be bailed out, of water -PWMP *limas-en

bailer

bailer in a canoe -PAN *nimas

bailer, instrument used for bailing -PMP *la-limas

bailer; to bail water from a canoe -POC *nimas

bailing

bailer, instrument used for bailing -PMP *la-limas

bait

bait -PWMP *umpan

bait -PAN *paen

bait -POC *bayan₃

bait -PCEMP *payan

bait -POC *bayan

bait -PCEMP *bayan

bait -POC *baniŋ

bait -PMP *baŋi₁

bait - *(noise)

bait, grasshopper - *(noise)

bait; fodder -PMP *qumpan

bait; fodder; to feed animals -PCEMP *paniŋ

to bait a trap, set the bait for -PPH *paen-an

to feed, catch with bait -PWMP *maŋ-umpan

to use as bait -PPH *i-paen

bake

bake or roast in an earth oven -POC *qumun-a

balance

balance scales -PWMP *timbaŋ-an

scale for weighing, balance - *(loan)

skidding, stumbling, losing balance -PPH *ma-dapílus

skidding, stumbling, losing balance -PPH *dapílus

stumble, lose balance and fall -PPH *buk(e)lid

to balance, be in good balance -PWMP *ma-nimbaŋ

weigh, balance, compare -PMP *imbaŋ

balanced

balanced, as a person in walking, or two weights opposite one another -PWMP *timbaŋ

balance for weighing things

scale, balance for weighing things - *(loan)

bald

bald -PPH *upaw

bald - *(loan)

bald; a bald person -POC *palala

bare, bald -PWMP *lasaŋ₁

close-cropped, of hair; bald -PPH *kupkup₄

Balistes

trigger fish:Balistes sp. -POC *bubu₇

Balistidae

triggerfish,Balistidae -POC *sumu

ball

ball - *(loan)

ball of thread; spool -PAN *puduN

compressed in the fist; what is compressed in the fist, as a ball of rice -PWMP *kepel

pithy ball inside sprouted coconut, coconut endosperm -POC *piri

roll into balls - *(noise)

roll together into a ball - *(noise)

squeeze into a ball -PPh *qemel

to catch, snatch, as a ball in the air -POC *sikop

wind thread, etc. into a ball; spool -PMP *pudun

balsamina

a plant:Impatiens balsamina -PPH *kamantigi

bamboo

a bird: the Formosan bamboo partridge -PAN *tikuRas

bamboo - *(loan)

bamboo cross-lath used to hold down roof thatch -PWMP *belit₁

bamboo flute -PWMP *suliŋ

bamboo matting or platform -PWMP *lantay

bamboo nose flute -PWMP *turali

bamboo nose flute -PMP *tulali

bamboo nose flute -PAN *tulani

bamboo of very large diameter, probablyDendrocalamus sp. -PAN *betuŋ₁

bamboo platform, shelf -PPH *papag

bamboo punting pole; to pole a boat in shallow water -POC *tokon

bamboo shoot -PPH *taŋ(e)buq₂

bamboo shoot -PPH *dabuŋ

bamboo shoots -PPH *rabuŋ

bamboo sp. -PPH *kilíŋ₂

bamboo sp. -PAN-F *tanayan

bamboo sp. -POC *kauru

bamboo sp. -PMP *teriŋ

bamboo sp. -PWMP *tariŋ

bamboo sp. -PWMP *telaŋ

bamboo sp. -PWMP *qeliŋ

bamboo sp. -PAN *qauR

bamboo sp. -PMP *pituŋ

bamboo sp. -PMP *periŋ

bamboo sp. -POC *bituŋ₂

bamboo sp. -PMP *bituŋ₁

bamboo sp. -PMP *belaŋ₁

bamboo sp. - *(noise)

bamboo tube used as a storage container -PWMP *buŋbuŋ₁

bamboo used as a storage container -PMP *putuŋ₁

bamboo vessel -PWMP *tukil

bamboo walling -PWMP *sawaliq

bamboo which has been split and flattened -PAN *saqsaq

bamboo,Bambusa spp., probablyBambusa spinosa -PAN *kawayan

closed bamboo internode used as a container for salt, valuables, etc. -PWMP *tubuŋ

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -PWMP *buʔu

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -POC *pupu₂

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -PAN *bubu₂

cook in a tube of green bamboo -PWMP *lemeŋ₂

downward pressure; bamboo punting pole -PMP *teken

flattened bamboo - *(noise)

flattened bamboo - *(noise)

insect that infests wood and bamboo; dust produced by the boring of this insect -POC *pupuk₂

internode of bamboo; section of something -PAN *lawas₃

kind of bamboo -PWMP *tambelaŋ

kind of bamboo -PMP *tamiaŋ

kind of basket made of woven bamboo strips -PWMP *bakul₁

kind of very slender bamboo -PAN-F *CekeS

large, thick, bamboo sp. -PWMP *patuŋ

liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo -PMP *qatay

log or bamboo ridgepole cover -PWMP *kulub₁

peel rattan, bamboo -PAN *rauC

pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo -POC *suca

pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo -PMP *suja

plant shoot. esp. bamboo shoot -PMP *rebuŋ

rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed -PMP *kasaw₁

shelf; bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths -PMP *pa(n)tar₂

slender bamboo used for binding -PPH *bayug

to fell a tree, cut down bamboo -PPH *pukán-en

to fell a tree, cut down bamboo -PPH *púkan

type of large bamboo -PMP *qauR

type of slender bamboo;Schizostachyum spp. -PAN *buluq₂

type of very large bamboo -POC *potuŋ

wattle, bamboo plaitwork construction for walls -PWMP *sasag

weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice; dust produced by the boring of this insect; tooth decay, dental caries -PMP *bukbuk₃

woven bamboo walling material - *(loan)

bamboo sp.

bamboo sp. - *(loan)

Bambusa

bamboo,Bambusa spp., probablyBambusa spinosa -PAN *kawayan

banana

(entire) stalk of bananas; ear of grain -PMP *buliR

a plant in the banana family, probablyMusa textilis -PPH *qaRutay

astringent taste, as of unripe bananas -PWMP *peled

banana -POC *pudi

banana -PAN *punti₁

banana - *(near)

banana or plantain sp. -PMP *susu

banana sp. -PPH *buŋuran

banana sp. -PPH *guyud₁

banana sp. -PPH *lakatán

banana sp. -PWMP *baraŋen₁

banana sp. -PWMP *baraŋan₁

banana sp. -PPh *baláyaŋ

banana sp. - *(loan)

banana sp. - *(noise)

banana:Musa sapientum L. -PAN-F *beNbeN

break off a component piece of something, as twigs or branches from a tree, a banana from a bunch, a section from a fruit, etc. -PPH *sipíq

bunch of bananas -PMP *qitiŋ

cook fish or meat wrapped in banana leaves -PWMP *paqis

cooking banana:Musa sapientum Linn. var compressa. Blanco -PWMP *sabeqa

fiber of banana stalk -PPH *upas₂

fish wrapped in banana leaf and cooked over hot coals -PWMP *p<in>aqis

hand of bananas -PPH *sápad

heart of a person or animal; purple heart-shaped inflorescence of banana plant -PMP *pusuq₁

heart; heart of banana -PMP *pusuŋ₂

kind of banana -POC *saku₃

large cooking banana or plantain variety -PPH *tinduk

stone; testicle; kind of banana; numeral classifier for teeth (?) -PMP *batu

taste of unripe banana; slightly bitter or astringent taste -PMP *apeled

tasting 'woody' or coarse; astringent taste, as of unripe bananas -PWMP *sapela

to cut down a stalk of bananas -PPH *tebáq

to detach a hand, or bunch of bananas from the stalk -PPH *sapád-en

topmost hand of banana stalk -POC *qapaRa₂

topmost hand of banana stalk -PMP *qabaRa₂

twins; double banana -PMP *qapij

banana fritter

banana fritter - *(loan)

banana sp.

banana sp. - *(loan)

banana species

banana species - *(loan)

band

band - *(loan)

bind the waist; band around the waist -PWMP *embej

encircle tigthly; band or ring around something -PWMP *selut

ribbon, band - *(loan)

striped, in bands of different color -PWMP *patelaŋ

wrap around; band around something -PWMP *hambej

bandage

bandage, wrapping -PWMP *barut

banded

a fish, the banded sweetlips,Plectorhinchus spp. -POC *lau

striped, banded -PWMP *zaluR

bandicoot

bandicoot -POC *mwajor

bandicoot -POC *mwajar

bandicoot, marsupial ‘rat’ -PCEMP *mansar

bandicoot, marsupial 'rat' -PCEMP *mansər

bandit

bandit, robber, thief - *(loan)

bang

bang! -PMP *tak

bang! loud popping sound -PMP *paŋ

bump or bang into, collide unceremoniously -PWMP *sempuk

fall with a bang -PWMP *bundak

sound of a clang or bang -PMP *taŋ

banging

banging noise - *-beŋ₁(root)

banish

discard, throw away; banish -PMP *buqaŋ

banished

one who is banished or cast out -PWMP *buaŋ-an

banishment

disposal of objects, banishment of people -PWMP *paŋ-buaŋ-an

bank

edge, bank, shore -PWMP *taŋepi

to overflow its banks, of a river; to flood field (for planting) -PPH *layas₂

banner

banner, ensign - *(loan)

banner, pennant - *(loan)

banyan

a tree: the banyan or strangler fig -PMP *nunuk

a tree: the banyan or strangler fig -PPh *balítiq

banyan, strangler fig -PEMP *qayawan

kind of banyan tree,Ficus sp. -POC *baka₂

baptism

baptism -PPh *buniag

barb

barb -PWMP *sawit

barb of a hook -PPH *símaq

barb, point; canine tooth? -PAN-F *waqit

barbed, having a barb -PPH *simaq-an

thorn, spur, barb -PMP *beRtek

thorn, spur, barb, stinger of stingray -POC *potok

barbed

barbed, having a barb -PPH *simaq-an

barbed; sharp -PWMP *ruit

barbless

barbless spear -PWMP *baŋkaw

bare

bare (of trees) - *(loan)

bare the teeth -PMP *wiŋis

bare the teeth -PMP *waŋis

bare the teeth -PMP *biŋis

bare the teeth - *-ŋis(root)

bare the teeth in smiling or laughing -PMP *riŋis₁

bare, bald -PWMP *lasaŋ₁

bare, of trees - *(noise)

bare, uncovered - *(noise)

to lift, raise, uncover, bare something -PCMP *silu₁

trimmed short, as grass; bare (of a field) -PWMP *palpal₁

bargain

to bargain, haggle over the price -PWMP *tawaD

bark

Hibiscus tiliaceus, a tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage; to lash, tie, bind -POC *paRu

a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo:Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. -PPH *gúguq

abaca fiber; fiber-yielding plant; kind of tree with bark that yields a vine-like fiber -PPH *lánut

bark cloth -PWMP *zaluaŋ

bark cloth? -PWMP *buyaŋ

bark of a tree; peel off bark -PWMP *pakpak₂

bark, croak - *-kaŋ₂(root)

bark, rind, sheath; to peel off bark -PWMP *upak₁

husk, bark -PWMP *upis

kind of mangrove,Ceriops spp., with bark used for dyeing -PMP *teŋeR

mallet for beating bark into bark cloth -POC *ike

mallet for beating bark into bark cloth -PMP *ikay

paper mulberry tree:Brousonnetia papyrifera, used to make bark cloth; men’s loincloth made from this material -PCEMP *malaw

peel off bark -POC *babak₂

peel off, of skin; remove the bark of a tree -PMP *bakbak₁

peel off, remove bark -PWMP *bakbak-an

skin, bark -POC *pinut

skin, bark, peel, shell -POC *kulit

skin; hide; rind; bark -PMP *kulit

to bark, as a hunting dog; shouting -PWMP *giak

to bark, of a deer -PAN *dekiŋ

to bark, of a dog -PAN *hulhul₁

to bark, of a dog -PAN *q<um>aŋqaŋ

to bark, of a dog -PAN *qawqaw

to flay, peel back or off, as bark or skin -PCEMP *sisi₃

to peel off skin, bark or leaves; excoriated, decorticated, defoliated -PWMP *laklak

tree bark -PWMP *ubak

barking

barking of a dog -PAN *qaŋqaŋ

muntjac, barking deer -PAN-F *sakeC

sound of cooing or barking -PMP *kuŋ

barn

rice barn, granary -PMP *lumbuŋ₂

barracuda

a fish, the barracuda -POC *qono₁

a fish: barracuda sp. -PMP *qalu

barracuda sp. - *(noise)

barren

sterile, barren, childless -PWMP *tamanaŋ

barrier

barrier, obstacle -PWMP *sabeD

dam, water barrier -PWMP *umpeŋ

fence, barrier; enclosure -PWMP *tendek₂

obstruction, barrier -PMP *qeteŋ

obstruction, barrier -PAN *qeCeŋ

Barringtonia

a shore tree:Barringtonia spp. -PWMP *butuŋ

a shore tree:Barringtonia spp. -POC *putun₁

a shore tree:Barringtonia spp. -PMP *butun

tree sp.:Barringtonia - *(noise)

trees in the genusBarringtonia -PMP *putat

barter

barter, trade -POC *poli poli

exchange barter - *(loan)

to barter, purchase by exchange -POC *poli-a

base

base of a tree; beginning; origin -POC *puna₁

base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun

coiled base on which cooking pots are set or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *riken

coiled base on which cooking pots are set, or on which loads are placed for carrying on the head -PWMP *Riken

coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *reken

coiled base on which hot cooking pots are set -PAN *Reken

fibrous integument at the base of coconut fronds -POC *kaka₃

fibrous material at base of coconut frond -PPH *epis

hind part, rear, back; base, bottom -PMP *buRit₁

basin

basin - *(loan)

metal basin - *(loan)

basis

foundation, basis - *(loan)

foundation, basis - *(noise)

basket

basket -POC *laka₂

basket - *(loan)

basket - *(noise)

basket pouch - *(noise)

carrying pouch or small basket -PWMP *uyut₁

coconut leaf basket -POC *kaso₂

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -PWMP *buʔu

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -POC *pupu₂

conical bamboo basket trap for fish -PAN *bubu₂

herb used in making baskets:Donax cannaeformis -PWMP *benben₂

herb used in making baskets:Donax cannaeformis -PWMP *benban

k.o. small basket with a handle -PWMP *bakaq-bakaq

kind of basket -PAN *bakaR

kind of basket - *(noise)

kind of basket made of woven bamboo strips -PWMP *bakul₁

kind of basket with cover -PPH *suk(e)luban

kind of large basket or fish weir held in the hand -PWMP *qalat

kind of large carrying basket -PMP *Rantaŋ

kind of large openwork basket -PPH *kaqiŋ

large open-work basket -PPh *balúlaŋ

open the mouth wide, gape; gaping; opening of abubu fish trap, basket, etc. -PMP *ŋaŋa₂

plant sp.:Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets -PMP *niniq₁

rattan basket used to carry garden produce, etc. -PWMP *karanzaŋ

small basket; a unit of measure for dry goods -PPH *salúp

telescoping basket, double basket -PPH *tampipiq

to fish with a wickerwork basket trap -PWMP *maŋ-bubu

to plait, as mats or baskets -PWMP *man-laja

to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats -PPH *l<um>aja

to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats -PWMP *laja

tubular basket used to carry and store rice or sago -PWMP *basuŋ

type of basket -PWMP *ba(ŋ)kat

winnowing basket -PMP *niRu

winnowing basket -PAN *Rinu

winnowing basket -PMP *tahep-an

winnowing basket -PPh *bijaqu

basketlike

basketlike container used to steam rice -PWMP *kuskus-an₂

basketry

kind of weaving pattern for basketry -PPH *p<in>usej

bast

a plant, the bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting:Maranta dichotoma -PWMP *banban

bat

bat sp. -PWMP *kula-la(m)baR

fruit bat, flying fox -POC *bweka

fruit bat, flying fox:Pteropus spp. -PMP *paniki

large fruit bat -PPH *kabég

batfish

batfish:Platax spp. -PMP *buna

batfish:Platax spp. -PMP *bunaR

bathe

bathe -POC *siuq₂

bathe -PAN *diRus

bathe -PMP *ziuq

bathe -POC *iu₁

bathe - *(noise)

bathe, swim -POC *loso-loso

to bathe -POC *riRus

to wade into water; to bathe -PPH *sug(e)bu

wash, bathe, rinse - *-ñaw(root)

bat sp.

bat sp. - *(near)

batten

batten of a loom -PWMP *li(ŋ)ji

battle

to retreat, run from battle -PWMP *takaw₂

battlefield

battlefield - *(noise)

bay

bay -PWMP *luquk

bay, inlet -POC *tobwa

curved; bay -PAN *kiluŋ

be

be, exist, have; not be, not have -PWMP *wada-i

be, exist, have; not exist, not have -PWMP *wada-q

be, exist, have; wealthy; not exist, not have -PMP *wada

beach

be lifted up or deposited on the beach by tide or current -POC *puRe₁

beach -POC *laŋi₁

beach creepers, includingIpomoea grandiflora andIpomoea pes-caprae -POC *puRe₂

beach, shore -PPh *baybáy

creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory:Ipomoea pes-caprae -PPH *balinu

sandbank, sandbar; shore, beach -PWMP *pantad

beached

to run aground, be beached -PPH *s<um>aŋ(e)lád

to run aground, be beached, of a boat -PPH *saŋ(e)lád

beaches

creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory:Ipomoea pes-caprae -PPH *balinu

beaching

rollers for beaching a canoe -POC *luŋan

rollers for beaching a canoe -POC *laŋon

rollers for beaching a canoe -PMP *laŋen₁

bead

a cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears:Coix lachryma-jobi L. -PMP *zelay

beads - *(loan)

beads, necklace -PMP *unuq

beads, necklace -PAN *uNuq

beads, necklace -PMP *hinuq

beads, necklace -PAN *SiNuq

beads, necklace of beads -PAN *quNuq

foam, bubbles, lather, scum, froth; to foam, to bubble; foam at the mouth; fond of talking; type of white bead -PMP *bujeq₂

string together, as beads -PAN *CuSuR

stringing of beads, skewering of fish, etc. -PMP *tuhuR

to string beads, etc. -PAN *C<um>uSuR

to string, as fish or beads -PPH *tuhuk

bead (kind of...)

bead (kind of...) - *(near)

beak

beak of a bird; to peck -PAN *tuktuk₁

beak, bill; to peck, of birds, to bite, of a snake -PPH *tukaq

beak; to peck -PWMP *tu(ŋ)kuk

seize in the mouth or beak -PCEMP *seŋap

seize in the mouth or beak -PMP *sa(m)bar

seize in the mouth or beak -PMP *ceŋap

snout, beak -PWMP *suŋit₁

snout, beak -PWMP *uŋus

beam

beam - *(noise)

beam of light -PMP *silak₁

beam, house end - *(noise)

board, lumber, beam in house construction -PPH *tapiq₁

breast beam of a back loom -PMP *qatip₁

crosswise beam or shelf -POC *barat₁

crosswise beam or shelf -POC *baRat, paRat

floor beam -PWMP *kalasaR

house beam -POC *oka₂

join together; beams used in house construction -PWMP *lipit

piece of wood used for a purpose; lie athwart, as a beam -PWMP *bali(n)taŋ

prop, supporting beam in house -PPH *tukal

support beams in a house -PMP *barabara₁

support beams in a house -PMP *bara₂

transverse beam or tree trunk -PWMP *bataŋ-an

transverse beam, thwart -POC *sokaŋ

transverse beams that support the roof of a house -POC *sokar

transverse beams that support the roof of a house; thwart or ribs of a boat -PMP *seŋkar

bean

bean, pea (generic) -PAN-F *qaRidaŋ

beans - *(loan)

castor bean:Ricinus communis L. -PAN *katawa

legumes, beans -PMP *buay₁

lima bean:Phaseolus lunatus -PPH *patániq

the castor bean plant:Ricinus communis L. -PPH *katana

the mung bean:Phaseolus spp. -PWMP *balatuŋ

bear

bear children, give birth -PMP *ma-anak

bear down, press out, as in defecation or childbirth -PMP *maŋ-qezen

bear fruit -PWMP *maR-buŋa

bear fruit -PAN *maR-buaq

bear fruit -PWMP *maŋ-buaq

bear fruit -PWMP *maR-beRas

bear fruit; fruitful, filled with fruit -PMP *ma-buaq

bear, endure - *(loan)

bear, endure - *(noise)

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

Formosan black bear -PAN-F *Cumay

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

give birth, bear a child -PWMP *um-anak

suffer, bear hardships -PWMP *hidap

the Malayan honey bear:Ursus malayanus -PWMP *biRuaŋ

the Malayan sun bear:Ursus malayanus -PWMP *baRuaŋ

bearable

bearable, able to be carried -PWMP *ka-taŋguŋ

beard

beard -POC *kumʷi

beard -PAN-F *ŋiSŋiS

beard, moustache -PWMP *sumpiŋ₁

moustache, beard -PMP *kumis

moustache, beard -PWMP *gumis

moustache, beard -PMP *gumi

bearing

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PMP *kanawah

a small tree bearing round, green fruit:Ehretia spp. -PAN *kaNawaS

bearing down, pressing out, as in defecation or childbirth -PMP *qezen

bearing fruit -PWMP *ma-buŋa

bearing fruit, fruitful -POC *puaq puaq

beat

beat lightly -POC *pipik

beat out, thresh -PAN *paspas₁

beat the wings, flap the wings; sound of flapping -PMP *kapak

beat time on a drum or slitgong -POC *tutu

beat up, bruise someone -PPh *bunal

beat, crunch, break -PMP *kepuk

beat, flap the wings -POC *kabak

beat, hit -PAN *pekpek₁

beat, pound -PWMP *seqseq

beat, pound -PAN *CelCel

beat, pound - *(noise)

beat, pound, bump, thump -PAN *tutuh

beat, pound, hit -PAN *CegCeg

beat, pound; sound of rhythmic pounding -PMP *tugtug₂

beat, thrash -PWMP *lasaq

beat, thrash -PWMP *qantem

beat, thrash -PWMP *maŋ-betbet

beat, thrash -PMP *betbet

beat, throb, pulse -PWMP *petuk

beating stick; to hit, beat (esp. clothes in washing them) -PAN *balbal₁

clap, beat, hack -PAN *CabCab

hit, beat -POC *rotuk

hit, beat - *-peg(root)

hit, beat - *-teg(root)

hit, beat on - *-kug₂(root)

hit, beat with hand or club in order to kill -PPH *palpál₁

hit, beat, thrash -PWMP *banat

hit, pound, beat -PMP *bukbuk₂

knock against, collide with, beat up -PWMP *bugbug

knock, pound, beat -POC *rabuk

knock, pound, beat -PMP *rambuk

knock, pound, beat -PWMP *tugtug

knock, pound, beat -PMP *ra(m)buk

knock, pound, beat -PMP *lambuk

knock, pound, beat -PMP *tegteg

knock, pound, beat -POC *putuk

knock, pound, beat -PMP *butuk

knock, pound, beat - *-Cuk (or *-Cuquk?)(root)

knock, pound, beat - *-tuk₂ (or *-tuquk?)(root)

pound on, hit, beat, or crush -PWMP *pilpil

pound, beat -PMP *dabuk₁

slap, beat on -PMP *bebak₂

slap, hit, beat -PWMP *upak₂

strike, beat - *-pag(root)

strike, beat; kill -POC *punuq-i

strike, beat; kill -POC *punuq-a

strike, beat; pierce; kill; extinguish (a fire) -POC *punuq₃

strike, whip, beat -PWMP *benal

tap or beat lightly on -POC *kidik

tap or beat lightly on -PMP *gi(n)tik

throb, beat -PMP *pi(n)tik

to beat metals -PPH *taŋtaŋ-én

to beat on something loudly -PAN *titik

to beat or pound -PWMP *ma-mekpek

to beat, pound -PWMP *ma-nutu

to beat, pound on -PAN *CegCeg

to beat, thrash -PWMP *puspus₂

to beat, whip -PAN *pitpit₃

to hammer, pound, beat -PAN *pukpuk

to hit with the fist, beat up -PPH *bugbug-en

to knock, pound, beat -PWMP *ma-nuktuk

to knock, pound, beat -POC *tutuk₂

to knock, pound, beat; crush -PAN *tuktuk₃

to strike, beat, hit -PWMP *ma-mukpuk

beaten

be hit or beaten -PWMP *pukpuk-en

beaten track, footprints making a trail -PPH *danáq₁

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

beating

beating of the heart; pulse -PWMP *keteg

beating stick; to hit, beat (esp. clothes in washing them) -PAN *balbal₁

clanging sound; to clang, as in beating metals -PPH *taŋtáŋ₁

mallet for beating bark into bark cloth -POC *ike

mallet for beating bark into bark cloth -PMP *ikay

beautiful

beautiful - *(loan)

new, fresh; recent(ly); youth, bachelor; beautiful, in one's prime -PMP *baqeRu

beautyberry

beautyberry:Callicarpa spp. -PPH *anayup

because

because -PPH *taq₁

conjunction: or, if; perhaps; because -PMP *ba₁

do, make, create, perform; to work; to wager: deed; thing; creation; behavior, conduct, performance; work; a bet; because, on account of, through the action of; need, use for something; necessary; for (benefactive) -PMP *buhat₂

or, because, but, perhaps -POC *ba₁

beckon

beckon with the hand -PMP *away₁

beckon, wave -PAN *qalep

to beckon, wave -POC *qalop

beckoning

to wave the hand, as in beckoning someone or in fanning oneself -PPH *paypáy

become

be or become wound around something -PAN *ma-litlit

be small, become small -PMP *itek

become a co-parent-in-law (?) -PWMP *baisan-an

become afraid -PMP *t<um>akut

become blind -PPh *maka-buta

become complete -PWMP *g<um>enep

become distracted or confused, as by noise -PWMP *liŋáw

become four, divide into four (intr.) -PWMP *maR-epat

become hard or stonelike, harden -PWMP *b<um>atu

become itchy -PWMP *maka-gatel

become night, turn into night -PPH *R<um>abiqi

become painful (?) -PWMP *s<um>akit

become quiet or still -PWMP *q<um>eneŋ

become soft or weak (of things or people) -PMP *males

become, happen -PWMP *bali₁

darken, become black -PWMP *maŋ-qitem

dry out, become dry -PMP *asat

fall ill, become sick -POC *masakit-ia

happen, become - *(loan)

harden one's feelings, become inured -PWMP *kalis

to become soft or overripe, as fruits that are kept too long -PPH *lúnus

to become tame or gentle -PPH *h<um>aq(e)muq

to fall ill, become very sick -PMP *ma-saki-sakit

to fill, cause to become full -POC *pa-ponuq

to fill, cause to become full -PMP *pa-penuq

to have become rotten -PAN *b<in>uRuk

to rot, spoil, become rancid -PPH *laŋeg

to swell, become turgid -POC *pula₄

to whiten; to become white -PWMP *ma-mutiq

becoming

becoming, fitting, appropriate - *(loan)

bed

bed - *(loan)

bed - *(noise)

bed, bier - *(noise)

cot, bed - *(loan)

dry stream bed -PWMP *laqaD

place where salt is found; salt beds -PPh *paŋ-qasin-an

shelf; bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths -PMP *pa(n)tar₂

sleeping place; bed -PWMP *tuduR-an

sleeping place; bed -PWMP *pa-tuduR-an

wake up, get out of bed -PAN *baŋuN

bedbug

bedbug -PWMP *atimel

bedbug - *(near)

kind of beetle or bedbug -PWMP *kutiŋ

bee

a small bee:Apis indica -PMP *qari-ñuan

a small bee:Apis indica -PMP *qani-Ruan

kind of honey bee -PWMP *patiukan

kind of mason bee or wasp -PWMP *hakut hakut

small stingless bee -PPH *lukut₂

smoke out bees -PWMP *puhaR

been

anything which has been salted -PAN *qasiRa-en

bamboo which has been split and flattened -PAN *saqsaq

cooled off, as cooked food that has been left to sit too long -PAN *ma-baSaw

material that has been colored yellow with turmeric -PWMP *k<in>uñij-an

murkiness, turbidity, of water that has been stirred up -PPH *liq(e)beR

murky, turbid, of water that has been stirred up -PPH *ma-liqeb(e)R

notch, as in a tree that has been cut prior to felling -PWMP *baŋbaŋ₇

piece of something that has been cut -PPH *petpet₃

place that has been dug up -PMP *k<in>ali-an

place that has been dug up -PAN *k<in>alih-an

place where ridgepole covering has been attached -PWMP *b<in>ubuŋ-an

that which has been taken; was taken by -PAN *in-alap

things that have been made, created objects -PWMP *paR-buhat-en

to have been split, cloven in two -PAN *b<in>elaq

what has been plaited or woven -PWMP *añam-en

what has been planted (?) -PWMP *t<in>anem

what has been said/done (to cause someone to react)? -PAN *k<in>uja

what has been salted; food preserved in salt -PWMP *q<in>asin

beeswax

beeswax -PWMP *tadu

beeswax -PMP *lilin

beetle

beetle -PMP *abuqaŋ

beetle - *(noise)

beetle sp. -PWMP *ampal

beetle sp. -PPh *abal abal

beetle sp. - *(noise)

coconut beetle, coconut blight - *(loan)

kind of beetle or bedbug -PWMP *kutiŋ

rhinoceros beetle - *(near)

before

day before yesterday -POC *waRisa

eat something before it is ready to eat -PWMP *maŋ-qataq

first, before, anterior in time -PAN *(q)uNah

first, before, anterior in time -PMP *huna

follow; drive animals before one -PWMP *maŋ-iriŋ

kind of brush made from coconut husk, used to scrub or polish a surface or to treat threads before weaving -PWMP *sikat

precede, go before -PPh *unah-unah

upstream; before -PMP *di qulu

beg

beg - *(loan)

beg, ask for -POC *ŋoni

beg, ask for -PMP *ŋeni

begin

begin -PWMP *belekas

begin - *-kas₁(root)

begin anew - *(noise)

lift, carry, bring; emerge, appear, begin; take a spouse -POC *puat₂

to begin, start at the beginning -PPH *sapul

to itch, begin to itch -PWMP *g<um>atel

to lift, stand up, arise, emerge, begin, depart, carry; cargo; take something; take a wife -PMP *buhat₃

to sprout, begin to grow -PAN *tukul

to start out, begin -PPH *lapu₃

beginning

base of a tree; beginning; origin -POC *puna₁

base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning; foot of a hill or mountain; first wife; model or example (to be copied); expression for the mother’s brother -PMP *puqun

beginning to spoil, tainted (of food left uneaten too long) -PCEMP *baRi

beginning to spoil, tainted (of food left uneaten too long) -PMP *baRiw

over-ripe, beginning to rot -PPH *tupúk

to begin, start at the beginning -PPH *sapul

Begonia

a plant:Begonia aptera (Hay) -PAN-F *qanus₁

behavior

do, make, create, perform; to work; to wager: deed; thing; creation; behavior, conduct, performance; work; a bet; because, on account of, through the action of; need, use for something; necessary; for (benefactive) -PMP *buhat₂

irregular behavior - *(loan)

behead

to behead, decapitate -PPH *pugut-an

behind

after, behind; the outside of an object; stern of a canoe -POC *muri

behind, after -PWMP *pa-udehi

behind, last -PMP *ma-udehi

disappear behind something that envelops or blocks the view -PAN *lipuC

embrace from behind, copulate by mounting from behind (of animals, or coarsely of humans) -PPH *tak(e)bá

hidden behind something else -PPH *limeŋ

last, come after or behind; late, later; future; stern of a boat; youngest child; west; young; outside -PCEMP *m-udi

last; come after or behind; late, later; future; stern of a boat; youngest child -PMP *udehi

line up one behind the other -PWMP *maR-aRak

rear, back, behind - *(noise)

separated, left behind -PPh *ma-bílin

take cover, hide behind -PPH *kub(e)li

the one who is behind (?) -PWMP *udehi-an

to follow after someone, walk behind -PAN-F *biliN

trailing behind -PMP *ikuR ikuR

walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PWMP *aRak-aRak

walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PWMP *maŋ-aRak

walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other -PMP *aRak

behold

see, look at, behold -POC *qiro

being

body; spirit; spirit being -POC *tupuqa

person, human being -PMP *tau-mata

person, human being -PMP *tau₁

person, human being -PAN *Cau

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak

push with the feet; press feet against, set feet firmly to prevent being moved -PPH *síkad

soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant -PMP *sumaŋed

belch

a belch -PMP *teRab

a belch -PAN *CeRab

belch -POC *toRap

believable

true, believable, correct -POC *tuna

bell

ringing of a bell -PPH *kililíŋ

ringing of a bell -PPH *kilíŋ₁

ringing sound, as of a bell -PPH *batiŋtiŋ

to ring, of a small bell -PPH *kuliliŋ₂

bellow

cry out, bellow, moan -PPH *ŋalŋál

harsh cry, bellow, loud cry -PMP *uak₁

belly

abdomen, belly -PCEMP *kampuŋ

abdomen, belly -PMP *tian

abdomen, belly -PAN *tiaN

be satiated, given a full belly -PWMP *besuR-en

belly -POC *kapwa

belly of an animal -PWMP *babat

belly strap -PWMP *amben

belly, abdomen -PWMP *beteŋ₂

belly; mind; seat of affections -POC *topwa

bulge, as the belly of a pregnant woman, a hunchback -PPh *buk(e)tút

front side; belly (of an animal?) -POC *qarop

swollen belly -PWMP *bentis

swollen, distended, of the belly -PWMP *buntuD

belongings

goods, belongings, things, possessions - *(loan)

below

below, beneath, under -POC *papaq₃

below, beneath; inside -POC *i rarom

below, beneath; inside -PMP *i dalem

come to the surface, appear from below -PWMP *timbul

hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel -PPH *pus(e)qun

hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel -PPH *pus(e)quŋ

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings -POC *ralom

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings, liver (fig.) -PMP *dalem

lower surface, bottom; short, low; below, beneath, under -PMP *babaq₁

support from below - *(noise)

under, below -PMP *ba₄

belt

belt -PWMP *beRet

belt, anything that encircles tightly -PMP *bakes₁

belt; tie around the waist -PAN *bakes₁

purse, money belt - *(loan)

tie around; belt -PPh *balíkis

tighten; belt - *-ReC(root)

to bind tightly; belt -PMP *heRet

to bind tightly; belt -PAN *SeReC

to come loose, as a belt -PPH *hulhul₂

belt or belt clasp

belt or belt clasp - *(loan)

bench

bench - *(loan)

bend

bend -PAN *tikel

bend -PWMP *lukuq

bend -PMP *beluk

bend curve - *-kuŋ (or *-kuquŋ?)(root)

bend curve - *-tuk₁(root)

bend or pull down (as a branch) -PMP *tekuk₁

bend over -POC *rokuk

bend over, stoop -POC *rukuq

bend over, stoop -PMP *dukuq

bend over, stoop -PMP *zuŋkuk

bend the limbs, curl up the body -PWMP *kulkul

bend, bent - *(noise)

bend, bent, bowed -PMP *bu(ŋ)kuq

bend, bent, curved -PWMP *tikug

bend, bow -PAN *sekel

bend, curl - *-kel(root)

bend, curl - *(noise)

bend, curl up -PPh *balikutkút

bend, curve -POC *rokuŋ

bend, curve -PAN *piku

bend, curve -PMP *peluk

bend, curve -PMP *pikul

bend, curve -PWMP *tikuq₁

bend, curve -PWMP *keluk

bend, curve -PWMP *tikur

bend, curve -PWMP *siluk

bend, curve -PWMP *qeluk

bend, curve -PMP *pi(ŋ)kuk

bend, curve -PMP *pikel

bend, curve -PMP *pekuq₁

bend, curve -POC *belu

bend, curve -PWMP *lu(ŋ)kuq

bend, curve -PMP *leŋkuk

bend, curve -PMP *eluŋ

bend, curve -PAN *du(ŋ)kuŋ

bend, curve -PWMP *buqekuŋ

bend, curve -PMP *bilikuŋ

bend, curve -PMP *bikuq

bend, curve -PMP *beŋkuq

bend, curve -PWMP *beluŋ

bend, curve - *-ku(q)(root)

bend, curve - *-luk (or *-luquk?)(root)

bend, curve - *-luŋ₁(root)

bend, flex -PWMP *hutuk

bend, fold -POC *noku

bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku

bend, hook -PMP *tekuq

bend, stoop over -POC *oŋkol

bend, turn -PMP *pi(ŋ)keR

bend; bending part, joint -PAN *lekuq₁

bend; crooked -POC *loki

bow, bend downward -PMP *dekuk

coil, curve, bend, fold; to coil, to curve, to bend, to fold -PMP *biŋku

curl, bend - *-kul₁(root)

curve, bend around -PWMP *biŋkeluŋ

curve, bend, meander -POC *liko₂

curve, bend, winding -PAN *likaw

lower the head, bow or bend down -PWMP *tukuk

sag, bend under weight -PWMP *luyut

stoop, bow, bend over -POC *roko

to bend -POC *loguŋ

to bend backward, as when standing on tiptoes -PPH *tiqad

to bend backward, protruding the abdomen -PWMP *liad

to bend down -PPH *yukús

to bend over -PMP *dekuŋ

to bend over, as a person -PMP *pikut

to bend over, bend down (of a person); hunchbacked -PMP *bekut

to bend over, bend down (of a person); hunchbacked -PAN *bekuC

to bend, as an arm or leg -POC *lukun

to bend, bow -PWMP *liug

to bend, bow, submit -PWMP *tunduk

to bend, coil or wind up -POC *tali₂

to bend, curve -PPH *lituk₁

to bend, curve; bent, curved -PAN *pikuq₁

to bend, curve; bent, curved, crooked -PMP *kiluq

to bend, fold -PWMP *deŋkul

to coil, bend -POC *keke₂

to stoop, bend down -PPH *yukúq

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq-a

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq

bending

bend; bending part, joint -PAN *lekuq₁

bending part -POC *lokuq

bend the head back

bend the head back - *(loan)

beneath

below, beneath, under -POC *papaq₃

below, beneath; inside -POC *i rarom

below, beneath; inside -PMP *i dalem

lower surface, bottom; short, low; below, beneath, under -PMP *babaq₁

benefactive

verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice -PAN *Si-₁

verbal prefix marking instrumental or benefactive voice’ -PMP *i-

benefit

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

benighted

be overcome by darkness, be benighted -PPH *ma-Rabi-an

be overcome by night, benighted -POC *boŋi-a

overcome by darkness, benighted -PWMP *ka-beRŋi-an

Benincasa

the wax gourd:Benincasa hispida -PWMP *kunduR

the wax gourd:Benincasa hispida -PWMP *kundul

bent

bend, bent - *(noise)

bend, bent, bowed -PMP *bu(ŋ)kuq

bend, bent, curved -PWMP *tikug

bent - *(noise)

bent into a curve -PWMP *iŋkul

bent over, hunched -PWMP *ukuq

bent, crooked -POC *piko

bent, crooked -PMP *piŋkaw

bent, crooked -PMP *buŋkuk

bent, crooked - *-kuk₁(root)

bent, crooked, twisted -PMP *ma-kiluq

bent, curve, arch -PMP *beŋkuŋ

bent, curved -POC *roku

bent, curved -PMP *deku

bent, curved -PCEMP *si(ŋ)kuk₂

bent, curved -POC *sokuŋ

bent, curved -PWMP *piŋkuŋ

bent, curved -PMP *ci(ŋ)kuk

bent, of the arm -PMP *siŋkul

bent, of the arm -PMP *sikut₁

bent, stooped -PMP *eŋkel

bent, twisted -POC *biko

bent, twisted -PWMP *baliŋ₂

bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad

crippled; bent or twisted, of the leg or foot -PAN *piluk₁

crooked, bent -PWMP *bilut

curved, bent -POC *piŋkuk

curved, bent -PMP *biŋkuk

curved, bent -PWMP *bikug

curved, bent -PMP *bekul₁

curved, bent -PMP *bekuk

curved, bent -PMP *bekug

curved, bent -PMP *ba(ŋ)kuq

curved, crooked, bent -PWMP *tikuŋ

curved, crooked, bent -PWMP *biquŋ

curved, crooked, bent -PAN *biqut

have a stiff or bent arm -PMP *si(ŋ)kuk₁

hunched over, bent - *-kut(root)

hunched, bent over -PWMP *hukuq

sloping, bent downward -PWMP *duyuŋ₁

stooped, bent (as the back) -PWMP *su(ŋ)kuŋ

to bend, curve; bent, curved -PAN *pikuq₁

to bend, curve; bent, curved, crooked -PMP *kiluq

beri

beri beri - *(loan)

berry

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

berteroana

a tree with sweet-smelling flowers:Fagraea berteroana -POC *buRat

beseech

weep, cry; mourn; to beseech -PAN *Caŋis

beside

beside, next to - *(noise)

besides, except -PWMP *laban₁

besiege

surround, besiege -PWMP *kepuŋ

to surround, hedge in, besiege -PPH *k<um>ubkub

besieged

be surrounded, hedged in, besieged -PPH *kubkub-en

best part

essence, best part - *(loan)

bet

bet, wager in gambling - *(loan)

do, make, create, perform; to work; to wager: deed; thing; creation; behavior, conduct, performance; work; a bet; because, on account of, through the action of; need, use for something; necessary; for (benefactive) -PMP *buhat₂

stake a bet in gambling -PWMP *pasaŋ₃

stakes in gambling, wager, bet -PPH *tayáq

to place a bet -PPH *i-tayáɁ

to store, put away for safekeeping, hide valuables; to place a bet in gambling; lay an egg -PMP *taRuq

betel

betel case - *(loan)

betel chew -PAN *apuR

betel nut case -PWMP *salapa

betel nut case -PWMP *calapaʔ

betel nut: nut ofAreca catechu -PAN-F *Sawiki

betel pepper -PPH *gawed

betel pepper -PWMP *Rawed

betel pepper - *(loan)

betel pepper:Piper betle -POC *pu-pulu

betel pepper:Piper betle -PMP *bu-bulu

blackened, as the teeth with betel stains -PPH *deket₃

chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food -PMP *mamaq

chewed betel quid -PWMP *sapaq₃

chewed mass of food or betel nut in the mouth -PWMP *sepaq

fruit of the betel pepper -PAN *pudu

inferior type of betel nut -PMP *burun

leaf of a vine chewed with betel nut, betel pepper:Piper betle -PWMP *buyuq

leaf of the betel pepper -POC *puqulu

plant chewed with betel that invigorates - *(loan)

prepare betel chew with lime -PPh *maR-qapuR

split, divide, break off; section of a betel nut -PMP *tebiq

to chew a betel quid -PWMP *mamaq-en

to chew betel -PPH *ŋaqŋaq₂

to spit out chewed betel quid -PPH *sapaq-en

betel nut

betel nut - *(loan)

betle

betel pepper:Piper betle -POC *pu-pulu

betel pepper:Piper betle -PMP *bu-bulu

leaf of a vine chewed with betel nut, betel pepper:Piper betle -PWMP *buyuq

betrayal

treachery, betrayal -PPH *liput₂

between

a cleft, space between two rocks -PEMP *mawa

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PWMP *hawan hawan

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PWMP *hawan

atmosphere, space between earth and sky -PMP *awaŋ

boundary between adjacent rice fields -PAN-F *Naqeji

carry a load between two people -PPH *tuaŋ₂

carry between two or more persons -PMP *bintiŋ

carry between two persons -PMP *qusuŋ

carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PPh *bulig-an

carry on a pole between two persons; help someone carry a load -PWMP *bulig

carry on a shoulder pole between two people -PWMP *ataŋ₂

channel between islands or islets -POC *mata ni cawa

channel between two islands -POC *sawaŋ₂

co-parent-in-law, the kinship tie between the parents of a married couple -PWMP *baisan

co-parent-in-law, the relationship between parents of spouses -PPh *balaqih

crotch, space between thighs -PWMP *lakaŋ

crush between weights; press out -PPH *gimpis

crush lice between the thumbnails -PWMP *tedes

food particles caught between the teeth -PMP *tiŋah

food particles caught between the teeth -PAN *CiŋaS

insert between -PMP *selet

insert between, slip in -PPH *luq(e)kip

insert, slip between -PPH *saluksuk₂

insert, slip between -PWMP *sisip

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings -POC *ralom

insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings, liver (fig.) -PMP *dalem

interval, space between -PMP *qelet

narrow opening or passage between two things -PWMP *selat

narrow; pinch between tongs, etc. -PAN *kipit

peace, empathy, harmony between parties -PWMP *damay

pinch or squeeze between two surfaces -PPh *hig(e)pít

pinch, press between; fasten thatch together with slats in roofing a house -PMP *kapit

pinch, squeeze between -PMP *gepit

pinch, squeeze, press between two surfaces; pluck, pick off -PAN *pitpit₂

press between two flat surfaces -PMP *liq(e)pit

press between two flat surfaces; to press down, crush -PMP *luqepit

press together, press between two surfaces -PAN *Sapit

press together, press between two surfaces; part of the loom -PMP *hapit

press together; pressed together; carry under the arm, press between the legs -PMP *kepit

relationship between spouses of siblings -PPH *bilas

relationship between the sexes - *(noise)

rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PMP *beRas

rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice -PAN *beRas

space between earth and sky - *(noise)

space between two things -PWMP *qelet-an

split, torn; opening or water passage between two capes of land -PMP *beŋat₁

squeeze between thumb and finger -PWMP *pi(n)zit

squeeze between thumb and finger -PWMP *pizet

squeeze between; pinch, take between fingers -PMP *Ri(m)pit

squeeze, press between -PAN *qepit

to crush or mash between two hard surfaces -PMP *pipis₂

to insert between, intersperse -PPH *saletán

to insert between, intersperse -PPH *i-salét

to insert between, intersperse -PPH *salét

to pinch between two surfaces, clip -PPH *qiR(e)pit

to pinch, hold between the fingers -PPH *pidut

to pinch, squeeze between -PWMP *ma-ñipit

valley, watercourse between hills -PWMP *le(m)baŋ

valley, watercourse between hills -PWMP *le(m)baq

beverage

be drunk by; what is drunk: drink, beverage -PWMP *inum-en

drink, beverage -PWMP *inum-an

bewail

bewail, lament - *(loan)

to cry for, cry over, mourn, bewail, weep for the dead -PMP *taŋis-i

bewilder

bewilder, confuse - *(loan)

bewitch

curse, hex; to bewitch; to criticize, find fault with -PPH *pintás

beyond

deep, of the sea; deep sea beyond the reef -POC *laman

exceed, surpass, go beyond -PWMP *lalaw

go beyond, go over, go past -PWMP *la(m)baŋ

go over and beyond -PPH *l<um>ápus

go over and beyond -PPH *lápus

go past, go beyond -PCEMP *sepat

to go past, go beyond, be excessive -PPH *lampás

bier

bed, bier - *(noise)

bier, frame for holding a coffin - *(loan)

biflora

a climbing plant:Wedelia biflora -PMP *qatay qatay₁

a seaside plant:Wedelia biflora -PWMP *sarunay

bifurcation

bifurcation, fork of a branch -PMP *saŋa₁

bifurcation, forking -PWMP *cabaŋ

bifurcation, forking or branching -POC *maŋa₂

fork of a branch; any forked structure; bifurcation -PAN *paŋa₁

forking, bifurcation -PPH *síŋit

big

big, great, large -POC *lapat₁

big, gross, coarse -PPH *ma-selaR

big, gross, coarse -PPH *selaR

big, huge; superlative -PCEMP *tinana

big, large -POC *lapa

big, large -PMP *laba

big, large -PAN *Raya

big, large - *(loan)

big, large (in size or quantity) -PPH *dakél

big-bellied

paunchy, big-bellied -PPh *buyequŋ-an

paunchy, big-bellied -PWMP *buyequŋ

big-eyed

a fish: the big-eyed scadTrachurops crumenophthalmus -PMP *qatulay

big-eyed -PPH *mata-an

bijuga

a hardwood tree:Intsia bijuga,Afzelia bijuga -PMP *qipil

bile

gall, gall bladder, bile -PAN *qapejux

gall, gall bladder, bile -PWMP *qapejuq

bilimbi

a tree and its edible fruit, the starfruit:Averrhoa bilimbi,Averrhoa carambola -PWMP *baliŋbiŋ

bill

beak, bill; to peck, of birds, to bite, of a snake -PPH *tukaq

billow

long rolling wave, swell, billow -PMP *qalun

to billow, swell (of waves at sea) -PWMP *maŋ-qalun

wave, billow, swell at sea -PWMP *humbak

bind

Hibiscus tiliaceus, a tree the bark of which provides a fiber much used in making cordage; to lash, tie, bind -POC *paRu

artificial cockspur; bind on an artificial cockspur -PWMP *bulaŋ

bind firmly -PWMP *tekes

bind the middle -PWMP *embet

bind the waist; band around the waist -PWMP *embej

bind tightly -PMP *qeRut

bind tightly - *(loan)

bind up; bundle -PWMP *beRkis

bind, bundle -PAN *baluN

bind, bundle, wrap in cloth; death shroud; cloth(ing) -PMP *balun₅

bind, bundle; wrap in cloth; death shroud; cloth(ing) -PCEMP *balun₃

bind, tie together -PWMP *biŋkis

bind, tie together by winding around -PWMP *maŋ-bejbej

that with which one binds something -PPh *i-bejbej

tie up, bind tightly -PWMP *tambej

tie, bind, attach to by tying -PMP *hiket

tie, bind, attach to by tying -PAN *Siket

tie, bind, wrap around - *-kis₂(root)

to bind into bundles or sheaves -PPH *betek-en

to bind tightly; belt -PMP *heRet

to bind tightly; belt -PAN *SeReC

to bind together -PMP *pakut

to bind together in a sheaf -PCMP *peu

to bind, tie the hands or feet -PWMP *Rapus-en

to bind, tie the hands or feet, as a person in detention, or an animal to be slaughtered; restraining rope -PMP *Rapus

to bind, tie tightly, probably of tying one thing which is moveable to another which is fixed -PPH *kedked

to bind, tie up (as a person) -PPH *balud-en

to bind, tie up (as a person) -PPH *i-balud

to bind, tie up (as a person) -PPH *balud

to bind, to fasten tightly by tying -PPH *i-takéd

to tie, bind -PCEMP *paqus₂

to tie, bind together -PWMP *maŋ-hiket

wind around, bind by winding around -PAN *litlit

wrap around repeatedly, bind by wrapping; bundle of wrapped material -PAN *bejbej₁

binding

a plant, the bast fibers of which are used in binding and plaiting:Maranta dichotoma -PWMP *banban

binding material, cordage; bundle -PPh *beték

cane cord used for heavy binding - *(loan)

fern used for tying and binding -POC *qasam

slender bamboo used for binding -PPH *bayug

thing around which binding is wound -PWMP *bejbej-an

tie by binding -POC *kobot

tie by binding around -PMP *kebet₁

tie down, fasten by binding -PPH *takéd

tighten, make firm, of a binding -PWMP *maŋ-heRet

bipinnulata

a fish, the rainbow runner:Elagatis bipinnulata -POC *kamaRi

bird

a bird and its call, probably the tailor bird:Orthotomus atrogularis -PPH *tiwtiw

a bird sp. and its cry -PWMP *tuqaw

a bird, probably the swamphen -PPH *tiúk

a bird, tern sp. -POC *kiRa

a bird, the fantail:Rhipidura sp. -POC *takere

a bird, the Golden Whistler,Pachycephala spp. -POC *sau

a bird, the hornbill -POC *binam

a bird, the kingfisher -PWMP *bakaka

a bird, the quail -PWMP *puyuq

a bird, the quail -PAN *puRuq

a bird, the swallow -PWMP *pinis

a bird, the swallow -PWMP *kala-pini

a bird, the swallow -PWMP *pini

a bird, the woodpecker -PMP *balalatuk

a bird: the Formosan bamboo partridge -PAN *tikuRas

a bird: the hornbill -PMP *kalaw₁

a bird: the kingfisher -PPh *balisúsu

a bird: the sandpiper (?) -PAN *suiq

a bird: the woodpecker -PAN *balalaCuk

beak of a bird; to peck -PAN *tuktuk₁

beak, bill; to peck, of birds, to bite, of a snake -PPH *tukaq

bird -PMP *manu(k)-manuk

bird -PAN *qayam₁

bird - *(loan)

bird clapper (to frighten them from fields) - *(loan)

bird of prey; to swoop down and seize prey (of raptorial birds) -PPH *daRit

bird sp. -PWMP *sui

bird sp. -PPH *tikuq₂

bird sp. -PAN *tuiq

bird sp. -PAN *kalaw₁

bird sp. -PPh *ibun

bird sp. -PWMP *babuy₁

bird sp. - *(loan)

bird sp. - *(noise)

bird sp.; to caw, crow -PAN *wakwak

bird; any flying creature -POC *manuk

chatter of birds -PWMP *seksek₂

chirping of birds; noise, sound -PAN *Suni

come to rest in a definite place, settle down, as birds on a tree -PMP *tekas

cut short, as a bird’s tail -PWMP *puŋgu

deep cry; bird with deep cry -PMP *kuak

deep resonant sound; name of a bird with deep resonant cry -PAN *ku(ŋ)kuŋ

fold the arms over the chest; fold the wings, of a bird -PWMP *kumkum

frigate bird -POC *(dr,d)aula

frigate bird -POC *katapa

frighten off birds or animals from the fields; place used to frighten off birds or animals from the fields -PWMP *buRaw-an

kind of bird and the sound of its call -PAN *kuaw

kind of bird that buries its eggs deep in the sand -PPH *tabun₁

kind of bird: pheasant-dove? -POC *kua kua

kind of raptorial bird, eagle or hawk -PWMP *kaŋkaŋ₄

kind of shore bird, possibly snipe -POC *pwipipi

kind of small bird and its cry -PWMP *pitpit₁

kind of small bird, probably finch or sparrow -PWMP *pipiqit

kind of water bird, the Oriental darter:Anhinga melanogaster -PPH *kasíli

kind of white bird: probably gull sp. -PMP *kanaway

kind of white sea bird, probably gull sp. -POC *kanawe

long tail feathers of bird or rooster -PMP *lawi₁

nest, as of a bird -PPH *pugad

omen bird:Alcippe spp. -PAN-F *SiSiN

owl sp., bird of bad omen -PWMP *bukaw

puffy area around the throat of some birds -PWMP *tambuluk

puling sound of a bird -PAN *kiaw

rice bird, small bird found in rice fields -PPH *máya

shore bird: sandpiper, Pacific Golden Plover -POC *kiwiwi

sit, squat; come to rest; stay in a place; settle down, as birds on a tree -POC *toka₃

small bird and its call -PWMP *kuŋkuŋ₅

small bird that produces a deep resounding call -PAN *kukuŋ₁

small bird with shiny black plumage: drongo -PWMP *cawi

snare birds with bird lime -PWMP *mamiket

snare birds with bird lime -PWMP *mamikat

sparrow or similar bird -PAN *tutut

tailless, of birds -PWMP *puŋguk

to perch, of birds -PPH *dapuq

to soar, glide, hover, as birds of prey -POC *tapa₃

type of finch, rice bird -PWMP *apiRit

type of finch, rice bird -PWMP *ampeRij

white bird - *(noise)

birdlime

birdlime -POC *bulut

birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc. -PMP *pulut

sap used as birdlime -PWMP *pikat

Birgus

coconut crab:Birgus latro -PPH *tatus

coconut crab:Birgus latro -PMP *qayuyu

birth

act of giving birth (?) -PWMP *paR-anak

be born, give birth - *(noise)

bear children, give birth -PMP *ma-anak

give birth -PMP *pañaRu

give birth -PWMP *anak-an

give birth -PWMP *maŋ-anak

give birth -PPH *i-anak

give birth to -PWMP *mampaR-anak aken

give birth to, have a child -POC *pasu₃

give birth, bear a child -PWMP *um-anak

give birth; have a child -PMP *maR-anak

lair of a wild pig for giving birth -PPH *dug(e)mún

time of birth (?) -PWMP *ka-anak-an

womb, uterus; birth canal -PWMP *paR-anak-an

birthmark

any natural mark on human skin: birthmark, freckle, mole -PMP *qila

Bischofia

a tree:Bischofia javanica -PMP *tuquR₂

a tree:Bischofia javanica -PAN *CuquR

Bismarck

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kipau

Bismarck scrub fowl:Megapodius eremita -POC *kikau

bit

a little bit -PWMP *sa-etik

broken bit of pottery, potsherd -PWMP *biqbiq₁

broken to bits -PMP *mekmek

budge, move a bit - *-suD(root)

chip off, cut off bit by bit -PWMP *sapsap

crumble, fall to bits -PMP *remuk

cut chips or bits from something, scrape off -PPH *dapdáp

fly off, of solid bits or water droplets -PAN *lecik

last burning bit; to snuff out a spark -PMP *latu

little bit -PWMP *ka-isut

morsel, bit, as of food -PPH *mikmik

to cut off small pieces; to chip off bit by bit -PWMP *ma-ñapsap

bite

ant sp. with venomous bite -PMP *me(n)tik

beak, bill; to peck, of birds, to bite, of a snake -PPH *tukaq

bite -PWMP *i(ŋ)kit

bite -PMP *a(ŋ)kit

bite - *-ket(root)

bite (imperative) -PAN *kaRaC-i

bite down hard -PAN *kemkem₂

bite down on - *(noise)

bite off the surface of something -PAN *ŋabŋab

bite, bitten off, of food -PPH *suŋit₂

front teeth, incisors; gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors -PMP *gutgut₁

kind of large red tree ant with bad bite -PWMP *alagaq

the bite of an animal -PAN *k<in>aRaC-an

to bite -POC *kati₂

to bite -PMP *ketep₁

to bite -PWMP *gigut

to bite -PMP *k<um>aRat

to bite -PAN *k<um>aRaC

to bite -POC *kaRati

to bite -PWMP *ma-ŋaRat

to bite -PMP *kaRat

to bite -PAN *kaRaC

to bite -PMP *keteb

to bite -PWMP *baŋiq

to bite -PMP *um-a(ŋ)kit

to bite - *-kit₁(root)

to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince -PMP *gatgat

to bite, gnaw -PMP *kitkit

to bite, gnaw -PWMP *ketket

to chew or bite off -POC *kakat-i

to sting or bite, of an insect -PAN *seŋet₂

biting

hold by biting carry in the mouth - *(near)

horsefly, large biting fly -PWMP *piket₁

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -POC *komi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting -PMP *kemi

suckerfish, remora:Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ -PMP *gemi

tiny biting insect -PCEMP *ñiñik

tiny biting insect: gnat, sandfly -PMP *ñikñik

to seize with the teeth, hold by biting -PMP *taŋaR

bitten

bite, bitten off, of food -PPH *suŋit₂

to be bitten -PMP *ma-kaRat

to be bitten -PAN *ma-kaRaC

to be bitten -PPH *kaRat-en

bitter

acrid or bitter taste -PWMP *pelet

bitter -PMP *ma-paqit

bitter -PAN *ma-paqiC

bitter melon:Momordica charantia L. -PWMP *paria

Bitter orange Seville orange:Citrus aurantium - *(loan)

bitter(ness) -PMP *paqit₂

bitter, poisonous -POC *ŋaŋa₁

taste of unripe banana; slightly bitter or astringent taste -PMP *apeled

the bitter melon:Momordica charantia -PWMP *pariaq

bitterness

hotness of taste, spiciness; bitterness -PAN *paqiC

bivalve

bivalve mollusc, possiblyPinna sp. -POC *sapulu

bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam -POC *bibi₂

bivalve mollusk sp., lucine clam -PMP *bibi₁

bivalve species used as a scraper -POC *kaRi₂

to scrape; scraper or grater made from circular bivalve shell:Asaphis spp. -POC *kasi

Bixa

a plant:Bixa orellana -PWMP *galugaʔ

Bl

a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo:Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. -PPH *gúguq

black

black -POC *ma-qetom

black -PAN-F *qeCeŋeN

black -PMP *qitem

black - *(near)

black ant, probably sugar ant -PWMP *sejem

black magic - *(noise)

black, deep blue -PMP *ma-qitem

black; dirty -PCEMP *ma-qitem, ma-qetem

dark color: black -PWMP *beleŋ

dark, black -PWMP *qi(n)dem

dark, obscure; black -PMP *tidem

darken, become black -PWMP *maŋ-qitem

deep black, shiny black -PWMP *li(n)tem

Formosan black bear -PAN-F *Cumay

large black ant with painful sting, probably bulldog ant -POC *kadik

pig bristles; type of sea urchin with thin black spines -PMP *bulu ni babuy

pitch black, as a moonless night -PPH *ŋitŋit₃

sea urchin with long black spines -PPH *tayeŋ

small bird with shiny black plumage: drongo -PWMP *cawi

striped with red and black -PWMP *kuriŋ

black dye

black dye - *(loan)

blacken

to singe, blacken the surface with fire -PPH *sárab

type of wild vine used to blacken the teeth -PPH *amuluŋ

blackened

blackened -PPh *bilu₁

blackened, as the teeth with betel stains -PPH *deket₃

blacksmith

blacksmith - *(loan)

blacksmithing

blacksmithing - *(near)

bladder

bladder -POC *pupu₃

bladder -PAN *sebu

gall, gall bladder -PAN-F *paqeju

gall, gall bladder, bile -PAN *qapejux

gall, gall bladder, bile -PWMP *qapejuq

gall, gall bladder, octopus sepia -POC *qasu₂

lower stomach, bladder -PMP *kambu

lower stomach, bladder -PWMP *kempuŋ

blade

blade of a knife -PWMP *mata nu pisaw

blade, cutting edge of knife, etc. -PPH *ŋarab

eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata

flesh (of humans, animals, fruits, tubers); contents; blade of a knife; inhabitants, residents -PAN *isi₅

implement with curved blade: adze; hammerhead shark -PMP *biŋkuŋ

leaf; blade of paddle or oar; ‘table’ for eating -PMP *dahun

nick or dent on the cutting edge of a blade -PPH *lupiŋ

scapula, shoulder blade -PWMP *balikat

sharpened blade or point -PMP *tazem

bladed

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu

blame

accusation, blame - *(loan)

argue, blame - *(loan)

blame someone for something -PPH *básul

blame someone for something -PPh *bes(e)qel

resent, blame; resentment, jealousy -PAN *qijap

to blame, accuse -PPH *luya₃

to blame, accuse of error or fault; to punish -PMP *pa(ka)-salaq

to blame, assign fault to (?) -PWMP *salaq-an

blamed

missed (as a target); blamed -PWMP *s<in>alaq

Blanco

cooking banana:Musa sapientum Linn. var compressa. Blanco -PWMP *sabeqa

blanket

blanket -PPH *ules

blanket - *(loan)

blanket, coverlet - *(noise)

cover, as with a blanket -PCMP *atek

to wrap in a blanket to keep warm -PWMP *kumut

blaze

hack a passage through vegetation, blaze a trail -PMP *bentas

bleat

bleat - *(loan)

bleed

blood; to bleed; menstruate -PAN *daRaq

to bleed -PWMP *maR-daRaq

bleeding

bloody, bleeding; to menstruate -PAN *ma-daRaq

blend

choral singing; to blend voices in song -POC *jaRu

to mix, blend -PCMP *balik₁

blenny

goby, blenny -POC *kakawa₂

blessing

blessing - *(loan)

blight

coconut beetle, coconut blight - *(loan)

blind

become blind -PPh *maka-buta

blind -PWMP *pesit

blind -PMP *ma-buta

blind -PAN *ma-buCa

blind -POC *piloR

blind - *-cek(root)

blind - *(near)

blind in one eye -PWMP *picek

blind in one eye -PPh *bul(e)díŋ

blind; blindness -PCEMP *buta₂

Formosan blind mole:Talpa micrura insularis (Swinhoe) -PAN-F *mumu

mote in the eye; blind; blindness -PMP *buta₁

mote in the eye; blind; blindness -PAN *buCa

somewhat blind; feign blindness -PWMP *buta buta₁

to blind -PWMP *maŋ-buta

blinded

dazzled, blinded by glaring light -PWMP *siraŋ

blind mole (animal)

blind mole (animal) - *(near)

blindness

blind; blindness -PCEMP *buta₂

blindness -PWMP *ka-buta

mote in the eye; blind; blindness -PMP *buta₁

mote in the eye; blind; blindness -PAN *buCa

somewhat blind; feign blindness -PWMP *buta buta₁

blink

blink, wink -PWMP *kesap

blink, wink -PWMP *pidek₁

blink, wink -PWMP *ki(n)zep

blink, wink, close the eye briefly -PPH *kimit

blink, wink, flicker, flash -PWMP *ki(n)sap

blink; flash -PMP *kimet

to blink -PAN *kelip

to blink -PAN *kedip

to blink, wink, momentarily close the eye -PWMP *kezep

wink, blink -PAN *pedek

wink, blink -PWMP *izep

wink, blink -PWMP *izap

blister

blister -PWMP *letup

blister -PWMP *letub

blister -PWMP *lem(e)tub

blister; blistered -PWMP *lagetub₂

callus, blister -PMP *betu₃

callus, blister -PAN *beCu

callus, corn; blister -PMP *butu₁

callus, corn; blister -PAN *buCu

blistered

blister; blistered -PWMP *lagetub₂

hot; blistered by heat -PAN *lasuq₁

bloated

bloated -PWMP *bu(n)tu

bloated, swollen -PWMP *buntuR

bloated, swollen (of the belly) -PMP *buntuʔ

filled with air, bloated -PWMP *haŋin-an

block

ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance -PMP *qambat

ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance -PMP *abaŋ₁

block, hinder, obstruct -PWMP *ayum

block, obstruct -PWMP *ta(m)beŋ

block, obstruct -POC *opoŋ

block, obstruct -PWMP *benben₁

block, obstruct, dam a stream -PMP *empeŋ

block, obstruct; something which separates one area from another -PWMP *ataŋ₁

block, stop, dam - *-beŋ₂(root)

chopping block used to prepare food -PWMP *saŋkalan

chopping block, cutting board -PPH *tadtad-án

disappear behind something that envelops or blocks the view -PAN *lipuC

obstacle; block, obstruct the flow -PWMP *tubeŋ

obstruct, block the way -PWMP *qambeŋ

obstruct, block the way -PWMP *hambeŋ

to block passage, oppose movement; come to a temporary stop -PPH *saR(e)ked

to block the way, ambush someone -PWMP *maŋ-abaŋ

to block, obstruct a path; ambush -PWMP *qadaŋ

to block, to dam up -PMP *ubeŋ

blocked

blocked, as by a wall or curtain -PAN *beŋbeŋ₁

blocked, plugged, dammed; mute, unable to speak -PWMP *beŋbeŋ

die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love -PMP *m-atay

dull, blunt; blocked, plugged; stupid -PCEMP *bebel

dull, blunt; blocked, plugged; stupid -PMP *belbel₁

plugged, stopped, blocked -PMP *ka(m)pet

stuffed, crowded; blocked, clogged -PWMP *petpet₂

blood

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon -PAN *huRaC

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root -PMP *uRat

artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; sinew; tendon; ligament; fiber; tough, sinewy -POC *uRat

artery, major blood vessel -PWMP *uRat i daRaq

blood -POC *toto

blood -POC *draRaq

blood; to bleed; menstruate -PAN *daRaq

menstrual blood? -PAN-F *damuq₁

stanch the flow, as of blood -PWMP *ampet

stench of fish or blood - *(noise)

to make an incision to draw blood -PPH *kal(e)dít

bloodline

inherited characteristic; bloodline -PPH *pulí

bloody

bloody -PMP *daRa-daRaq

bloody, bleeding; to menstruate -PAN *ma-daRaq

blossom

blossom - *(loan)

blossom of a fruit tree -PMP *buŋa na kahiw

blossom of the areca or coconut palm -PWMP *mayaŋ

flower, blossom -POC *bua₃

flower, blossom -PAN *buŋa

flower, blossom -PMP *buŋaŋ

flower, blossom -POC *puŋa₁

flower, blossom of fruit tree -PPH *sabuŋ₂

flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys -PMP *buŋa

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

fruit; seed; blossom; egg; nut; testicle; numeral classifier for roundish objects; to fruit, bear fruit; show first signs of pregnancy; to swell, of the sea -POC *puaq

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; break up, dismantle, demolish -PWMP *bekaj

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; split open, break up, dismantle, demolish -PMP *be(ŋ)kaR

unfold, open up, blossom -PPh *buk(e)lad

blotches

have dark blotches on the skin -PMP *qila-qila

blow

blow hard; snort, pant -PMP *qembus

blow on or into -POC *upi-a

blow out, force out -PMP *leput

blow the nose -POC *paŋusi

blow the nose - *(noise)

blow the nose by pinching off one nostril -PMP *eseŋ

blow, blow on (a fire, etc.) -PWMP *maŋ-heyup

cause the wind to blow -POC *paka-aŋin

coup-de-grace, fatal blow -PPH *lunsan

defend oneself, parry a blow -PWMP *taŋgul

gentle breeze; blow gently, of the wind -PWMP *sap(e)quy

glancing blow; chop -PWMP *tigtig

hit, strike a heavy blow -PMP *sambak

nasal mucus; blow the nose -PWMP *seŋa₁

puff, blow suddenly -PWMP *eput

puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun -PMP *putput₂

snort, sniff; blow air through the nostrils -PWMP *eŋkus

to blow -PCEMP *upi

to blow -PMP *h<um>eyup

to blow -PAN *S<um>eyup

to blow -POC *buRu₁

to blow -POC *ipi₁

to blow -PWMP *hayup

to blow -POC *puu

to blow -PCEMP *buu₁

to blow - *(noise)

to blow on, fan -PWMP *maŋ-tiup

to blow, as the wind -POC *pusi

to blow, as the wind -PWMP *maR-heyup

to box, give a blow -PWMP *peRpeR

to box, give a blow -PWMP *pegpeg₁

wind that blows from the north -POC *tokalaur

blowfly

bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly -PMP *laŋaw

blowgun

blowgun -PWMP *seput-an

blowpipe, blowgun -PMP *sumpit

blowpipe, blowgun -PWMP *seput

puff, blow, expel air rapidly, as in using a blowgun -PMP *putput₂

blowing

blowing on (a fire, etc.) -PMP *heyup

blowing on (a fire, etc.) -PAN *Seyup

blowing on, fanning -PMP *tiup

hollow cane for blowing on the fire -PWMP *heyup heyup

place of blowing -PMP *heyup-an

place of blowing -PAN *Seyup-an

blown

be blown -PWMP *heyup-en

blown away by the wind -PWMP *palis₁

blown away by the wind -PWMP *palij

blown off course -PWMP *babas

blowpipe

a tree:Antiaris toxicaria; poison for blowpipe darts made from the sap of this tree -PWMP *qipuq

blowpipe - *(noise)

blowpipe (?) -PWMP *puput-an

blowpipe dart -PMP *anak i sumpit

blowpipe, blowgun -PMP *sumpit

blowpipe, blowgun -PWMP *seput

shoot with a blowpipe -PWMP *ma-numpit

shoot with a blowpipe -PWMP *ma-ñeput

blue

black, deep blue -PMP *ma-qitem

blue - *(loan)

dark blue, bluish-black -PMP *buluŋ₁

dark green, dark blue -POC *buluŋ₃

the male of Swinhoe’s blue pheasant -PAN-F *RiNaS-an

blue-black

blue-black - *(near)

bluebottle

bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly -PMP *laŋaw

bluebottle, large fly -PAN *beRŋaw

blue-green

blue-green -POC *karawina

blue-green -POC *kara-karawa

intense green or blue-green -POC *keja

bluish-black

dark blue, bluish-black -PMP *buluŋ₁

Blumea

a plant with medicinal value, probablyBlumea spp. -PPH *qalibun

blunt

blunt - *(noise)

blunt dull - *(loan)

blunt, dull -PMP *tultul

blunt, dull -POC *burul₁

blunt, dull -PMP *pudul

blunt, dull - *-pul(root)

dull, blunt -PWMP *ma-ŋazel

dull, blunt -PWMP *ŋazel

dull, blunt -PMP *tumpul

dull, blunt -PMP *tumpel

dull, blunt -PWMP *ku(n)dul

dull, blunt -PMP *dumpul

dull, blunt -PMP *de(m)pul

dull, blunt -PWMP *budul

dull, blunt - *(noise)

dull, blunt; blocked, plugged; stupid -PCEMP *bebel

dull, blunt; blocked, plugged; stupid -PMP *belbel₁

worn out by overuse; broken; blunt -PPH *pudpud

blurred

blurred, of vision -PMP *balabuR

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PPh *bulág

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PWMP *buleheR

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -POC *pulaR₂

cataract of the eye; hazy or blurred vision -PAN *bulaR₁

blurry

fog, haze, mist; indistinct, blurry -PMP *kabut

boar

canine tooth; tusk, as of wild boar -PPH *sauŋ

male pig, boar -PPh *butakál

tusk of wild boar -PAN-F *waNiS

tusks of a boar -PMP *quntu

wild boar -PAN-F *waNiS-an

board

board, lumber, beam in house construction -PPH *tapiq₁

board, plank - *(noise)

board, plank, side of canoe -POC *baban

chopping block, cutting board -PPH *tadtad-án

curved, warped, as a board -PWMP *tikul

plank, board; floor boards of house -PMP *papan

sled or board used for dragging materials (?) -PPH *gúyud-an

boast

proud, boast - *-gak₁(root)

boastful

proud, boastful -PPh *hambúg

boat

bamboo punting pole; to pole a boat in shallow water -POC *tokon

be poled forward, of a boat in shallow water -PWMP *teken-en

boat -PMP *baŋkaq

boat -PMP *paraqu

boat - *(loan)

boat, canoe -PAN *qabaŋ₁

canoe, small boat -PPH *lunday

capsize, of a boat; sink -PWMP *kaRem

Chinese boat - *(loan)

communal boat -PPh *baraŋgay

descend; go down; land from a boat -POC *sipo

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born -PMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -PCEMP *qulu

head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head -POC *qulu

heavily laden, as a boat that is low in the water -PWMP *saRad

keel of a boat -PWMP *lunas

kind of large boat -PWMP *baraŋay

kind of sailing boat -PMP *baluk₁

last, come after or behind; late, later; future; stern of a boat; youngest child; west; young; outside -PCEMP *m-udi

last; come after or behind; late, later; future; stern of a boat; youngest child -PMP *udehi

lower or let down, as on a rope; pay out fishline; launch a boat -PMP *huluR

mooring place, place where a boat is tied -PWMP *talih-an

oar; to row a boat -PPH *gáqud

pair of boats joined by a connecting platform -PWMP *banduŋ

palm leaf awning, usually on boats -PMP *kazaŋ₂

passage for a boat? -PCEMP *solat

path, made by a human as opposed to an animal; way or means to do something; wake of a boat; the Milky Way -PMP *zalan

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled in shallow water -PWMP *maR-tulak

push something away, shove, repel; push off, as a boat leaving shore or being poled through shallow water -PMP *tulak

rear part, stern or rudder of a boat -PMP *kama-udehi

ridge of the roof; ridge of a mountain, peak; deck of a boat; cover the ridgepole with thatch -PMP *bubuŋ₁

steer a boat -POC *palo₁

stop by, to moor a boat - *(noise)

take passage, catch a ride in someone else’s boat -PWMP *tumpaŋ₂

to load, as cargo on a boat -POC *Rucan

to run aground, be beached, of a boat -PPH *saŋ(e)lád

to turn around, as a boat -PPH *kabíg-en

to turn around, as a boat -PPH *kábig

transverse beams that support the roof of a house; thwart or ribs of a boat -PMP *seŋkar

type of boat, possibly dugout with outrigger -PWMP *bilug

bob

bob on the surface of the water; float -PPH *kataŋ-kataŋ

bobbed

cut short, bobbed; short in stature -PWMP *putut₂

bodies

to shine, of heavenly bodies -PMP *cilak

bodily

hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention -POC *popol

hydropoesia, bodily swelling caused by water retention -PMP *belbel₂

body

abscess, boil, swelling on the body -PAN *baReq

apply oil or paint to the body -POC *pani₂

bend the limbs, curl up the body -PWMP *kulkul

bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal -PMP *leku

body -PWMP *lawa₄

body -PWMP *lawas₂

body - *(loan)

body fluid from a corpse; fluid oozing from a wound -PWMP *saRu₂

body hair -PAN-F *gumuN

body hair, feather -POC *lamu₂

body hair, feathers -PPh *bulbúl

body hair, fur, feathers, floss on plants -POC *pulu₃

body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind -PCEMP *bulu₁

body hair; fur; feather; down; floss on plant stems; color; type, kind -PMP *bulu₁

body part -PAN *kiCiŋ

body shape -PWMP *paR-hawak-an

body; spirit; spirit being -POC *tupuqa

clothes louse; body louse -PCEMP *tuma

clothes louse; body louse -PMP *tumah

clothes louse; body louse -PAN *CumeS

deformation of the body -PPH *kimay

disease that causes swelling of body parts -PWMP *baguq

enclosed body of water - *-naw₁(root)

fish with a thin, elongated body: long tom -PMP *selu

follow the edge of a body of water, as in going upstream -PMP *sulsul₁

knock against, of body parts -PMP *ga(n)tuk

long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying -PMP *habit

long cloth wrapped around body and used for carrying -PAN *Sabit

nudity, exposure of the body -PWMP *pukas₁

part of the lower body -PPH *puéj

plant used for perfuming the body -POC *bubu₃

pull at body part; hold something dangling from the fingers -PMP *bitbit₂

pull at some part of the body -PAN *bitbit₁

put on clothing, wrap around body -PMP *suluŋ₂

sliver, splinter, foreign body embedded in the flesh -PAN *uNay

small shallow body of water -PWMP *baqeluŋ

spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -POC *puRa

spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing -PMP *buRah

swelling of the body -PMP *bendul

swelling of the body -PAN *bedul

tiny parasite on the body, itch mite, chicken louse -PMP *kuman

to extract from body (as sliver, or imagined cause of illness in shamanic practice) -PPH *abat₄

to scrape, with motion away from body -POC *ori

to stand; stretch out, as the body -PMP *kedeŋ

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PEMP *uRas

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PMP *huRas

wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) -PAN *SuRas

wash the body -PAN *ma-bañaw

wash the body -PAN *bañaw

boil

a boil -POC *baRoq

abscess, boil, swelling on the body -PAN *baReq

boil, abscess -PPH *peRsa

boil, abscess -POC *loto₂

boil, abscess -PWMP *bitul

boil, abscess -PMP *bisul

boil, carbuncle -PWMP *pi(R)sa

boil, carbuncle - *(noise)

break out in boils -PPh *apúy

cook, boil - *(noise)

core of a boil -PWMP *mata nu piRsa

core of a boil -PMP *mata nu bisul

eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover -PMP *mata

kind of tree the leaves of which are used as poultices for boils -PMP *buqaR

ripe, ripen, of fruit; reach a ‘ripe’ stage, of a head cold, a boil, etc. -PPH *hinuR

swell up, as boiling rice; boil over -PMP *luab

to boil food -POC *sakan

to boil sugarcane to make sugarcane wine -PPH *abuyu

to boil, effervesce -POC *ririq

to boil, of water -PPH *subu₁

to boil, to cook -PWMP *maR-tanek

to boil, to cook -PWMP *ma-nanek

to bubble, as liquid that is starting to boil; to boil, of water -PMP *diqdiq

to swell, boil -POC *paRaq₁

boiled

boiled foods other than rice -PMP *t<in>anek

boiled foods other than rice? -PAN *t<in>aNek

boiling

bubbling, boiling -PMP *bukbuk₁

cook by boiling -PMP *nasu

cook by boiling -PAN *Nasu

cook by boiling -PAN *nasuk

sound of boiling water -PAN *gurgur₁

swell up, as boiling rice; boil over -PMP *luab

boisterously

laugh boisterously -PWMP *bahak

bold

bold, rude; brave -PPH *tapaŋ₂

brave, bold -POC *paRane

brave, bold, daring -PWMP *ma-baRani

enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tamaq₂

enter, penetrate; bold, of persons -PMP *tama₂

bolo

bolo used in agricultural work -PPH *baduŋ

bolo, machete - *(loan)

hilt of knife or bolo; to support -PWMP *saŋga

machete, bolo; chop with a machete -PWMP *tabas

sheath for bolo or knife -PPH *kaluban

sword, kris, bolo - *(loan)

to hack, chop off, trim with a bolo; pound,beat, knock on -PWMP *tabtab₁

bolt

bolt lock - *(loan)

bomb

bomb - *(loan)

bonduc

a vine:Caesalpinia bonduc -PPH *kabit₃

bone

ankle bone -POC *buku ni waqay

ankle bone -PCEMP *buku ni qaqay

ankle bone (?) -PMP *laliŋ

ankle bone (?) -PMP *lali

bone -POC *tuqa₂

bone marrow -PAN-F *NuqeS

cheek bone -PMP *pasuŋ

cheek bone -PAN *pasu₁

collar bone (?) - *(near)

condylar bone, bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PWMP *tuqelaŋ

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PMP *tuqelan

condylar bone; bone of fauna exclusive of fish -PAN *CuqelaN

crooked, of limbs; bone fracture -PWMP *lepuq₁

cut meat from the bone -PPH *lapláp

dislocated, of bones -PWMP *salaq₂

gnaw meat off bones -PWMP *kilkil

massaging, setting of bones -PPh *hílut

protruding, of the bones of a skinny (bony) person -PWMP *ka-tuqela-tuqelaŋ

remove the bones from meat or fish -PWMP *ma-nuqelaŋ

thorn, splinter, fish bone -POC *suRi₁

thorn, splinter, fish bone -PMP *duRi

thorn; splinter; fish bone -POC *ruRi

to massage, set bones -PPh *hílut-en

wrist bone -POC *buku ni lima

wrist bone -PCEMP *buku ni lima

bone-dry

parched, bone-dry -PWMP *baRetiq

bonfire

to burn something in a bonfire -PPH *temtem

bonito

a fish, the skipjack tuna or bonito -POC *qatun

bony

bony -PPH *ma-tuqelaŋ

boom

outrigger boom -POC *kayajo

outrigger boom -POC *kiajo

prop, support, as the boom of a sail -PWMP *sukuŋ

sticks that connect the float to the booms of an outrigger canoe -PEMP *patoto

to boom, resound -PAN *teguŋ

booming

booming sound -PWMP *leguŋ

booming sound -PMP *tuŋ

booming sound -PMP *betuŋ₂

booming sound - *(noise)

deep booming sound -PWMP *daRehuŋ

deep booming sound -PAN *deruŋ

loud, sonorous, booming -PWMP *tebaR

make a booming sound -PAN *CuŋCuŋ

to rap, knock, make a booming sound -PAN *tekuŋ₂

booming sound

booming sound - *(near)

boom of a sail

prop, support, boom of a sail - *(loan)

booty

booty, war captive; what is taken in war; elopement, captured bride -PMP *taban

border

border on, neighbor; peer, equal -PWMP *sidiŋ

border, boundary -PWMP *bates

border, boundary -PWMP *balej

border, edge -PWMP *qiriŋ₁

border, side, edge -PWMP *p<al>idpid

boundary, border -PMP *supu

edge, border -PPh *beŋet₁

edge, border - *(noise)

near, come near; edge, border -PAN *ipit

rim, edge, border -PWMP *su(m)bir

rim, edge, border -PMP *birbir₁

side, edge, border -PWMP *piRpiR₁

side, edge, border -POC *taba₂

borderline

borderline, edge, as of roof or garment -PPH *sanipa

bore

bore a hole, drill - *(noise)

bore through - *(loan)

lower part of a river; tidal bore -PMP *bena

bored

to eat too much, be cloyed, overfull, tired of something through excess; bored -PWMP *saweqaq

boring

insect that infests wood and bamboo; dust produced by the boring of this insect -POC *pupuk₂

weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice; dust produced by the boring of this insect; tooth decay, dental caries -PMP *bukbuk₃

born

be born, give birth - *(noise)

Chinese born in Indonesia - *(loan)

originate; related by common origin; be born -POC *pusa₁

borrow

borrow -PPh *maŋ-hedam

borrow -PWMP *maŋ-hinzam

borrow -PPh *bulud-en

borrow - *(near)

borrow from (someone) -PWMP *hinzam-i

borrow, be in debt -PMP *elet₁

borrow, incur a debt -PWMP *maŋ-qutaŋ

borrow, lend -PMP *hezam

borrow, lend -PAN *Sezam

borrow, lend -PPh *bulud₁

lend, borrow (?) -PWMP *maR-hinzam

to borrow -PWMP *h<um>uzam

to borrow; to inherit -PPH *sub(e)liq

borrowed

be borrowed -PPh *hedam-en

person or place from which something is borrowed -PWMP *hinzam-an

thing borrowed -PWMP *hinzam-en

borrowing

borrowing -PWMP *huzam

borrowing, lending -PWMP *hinzam

boss

master, boss - *(loan)

both

extend both arms sideways -PPH *maR-depa

pick up with both hands -POC *agup

scoop up with both hands -PMP *saRup₁

scoop up with both hands; a double handful -PMP *aŋkup₁

two by two, two at a time; two each; both -PMP *duha duha₁

with no difference, equally to both -PMP *sama-sama

bother

to bother, disturb, annoy or inconvenience someone -PPH *abála

bottle

four-cornered bottle - *(loan)

the bottle gourd:Lagenaria siceraria -PWMP *labuq₂

bottom

bottom up, as a person bent far forward toward the ground -PWMP *tuad

buttocks; bottom - *-but₁(root)

hard crust of rice that adheres to the bottom of the cooking pot -PPh *itíp

hind part, rear, back; base, bottom -PMP *buRit₁

lower surface, bottom; short, low; below, beneath, under -PMP *babaq₁

turn up at the edge, expose the bottom side -PWMP *lukab

bough

branch, bough -POC *raqan

branch, bough -PMP *daqan₁

bought

be bought from or for someone; what one has bought -PWMP *beli-an

was bought by someone -PWMP *b<in>eli

bounce

bounce, rebound -PWMP *untul

bounce, rebound -PWMP *entul

to spring back, bounce off -PWMP *latiŋ

bound

bound firmly -PMP *i(ŋ)kes

bound together -PWMP *kawil₂

bound together (?) -PWMP *paR-Rakit

bound, tied up -PWMP *R<in>apus

tied, bound together -PWMP *hiket-en

boundary

border, boundary -PWMP *bates

border, boundary -PWMP *balej

boundary -PAN *qajiS

boundary between adjacent rice fields -PAN-F *Naqeji

boundary, border -PMP *supu

until, as far as; limit, boundary -PMP *qiŋga

boundary marker

boundary marker - *(loan)

bovid, kind of wild bovid possiblyBos sundaicus

bovid, kind of wild bovid possiblyBos sundaicus - *(near)

bow

bend, bow -PAN *sekel

bow the head -PMP *tekuŋ₁

bow the head, nod -PWMP *tuek

bow, bend downward -PMP *dekuk

bow, lower the head -PMP *tutuk₁

draw a bow to its full extent -PAN *biaC

draw a bow to its full extent’ -PMP *biat

huddle, bow the head -PAN *Cukul

hunting bow -POC *pusuR

hunting bow -PAN *busuR₂

hunting bow; bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber -PMP *busuR₂

lower the head, bow or bend down -PWMP *tukuk

shoot with a bow -PAN *p<um>anaq

shoot with a bow -PAN *p<in>anaq

species of palm used for making spears and bows; palm-wood spear or bow -POC *bual bual

stoop, bow, bend over -POC *roko

the hard outer wood of a palm trunk, used in making bows -PPH *báhiq

throw something at a target; shoot with bow and arrow -PAN *panaq

to bend, bow -PWMP *liug

to bend, bow, submit -PWMP *tunduk

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq-a

to string a bow, set a sail, bend in a curve -POC *ropeq

bowed

bend, bent, bowed -PMP *bu(ŋ)kuq

bowed, hunched, as from age -PWMP *ru(ŋ)kuq

curved, bowed -PAN *la(n)tuk

hunched over, bowed (as with age) -PMP *quŋkut

hunched over, bowed (as with age) -PAN *qukut

bowl

a bowl or wide cup -PPH *yahuŋ

coconut shell bowl or water scoop -PPH *húŋut

dish, bowl (of clay or wood) -PMP *panay

sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl -PMP *hiRup

sip, as soup or rice wine from a bowl -PAN *SiRup

wooden food bowl -POC *tabiRa

bowlegged

bowlegged -PMP *sakaŋ

bowlegged -PAN *bakaŋ₁

bow-legged -PPH *pakáw

bow-like

hunting bow; bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber -PMP *busuR₂

to card kapok fibers with a bow-like instrument -PWMP *maŋ-busuR

bowstring

bowstring -POC *rolos

bowstring -POC *uka₂

bowstring -POC *quku

bowstring -PAN *deles

fit snugly, as bowstring in arrow notch -PMP *siŋ(e)qit

box

box - *(loan)

box chest - *(loan)

box, fight with fists - *(loan)

to box, give a blow -PWMP *peRpeR

to box, give a blow -PWMP *pegpeg₁

to line, as a shelf or box, provide a lining for -PPH *hapin-an

boy

penis of a little boy -PPH *tutuy

term of endearment for a little boy -PPH *duduy

vocative term for boys -PWMP *utuq

brace

brace, splint -PMP *kaq(e)pi

bracken

bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers: Athyrium esculentum -PAN *paheku

bracket

bracket fungus,Polyporus spp. -PMP *kulat₂

bracket fungus,Polyporus spp. -PAN *kulaC

ear; various types of bracket fungi; pectoral fins of a fish -POC *taliŋa

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

brackish

salty, brackish -PCEMP *maqasin

braid

braid -PAN *qupid

braid -PWMP *salapid

braid -PWMP *apid₁

braid, intertwine -PWMP *epid

braid, twine -PAN *qapid

braid, twist together -POC *pijir, pijir-i

braid, wind together - *-pid(root)

intertwine, braid, as strands to make rope -PPH *labid

plait, braid -PMP *añem

to braid, intertwine strands -PPH *lapid

to twist, braid -PWMP *tabid

braiding

twine round and round; thing made by braiding -POC *piri-piri

brain

brain -POC *qutok

brain -POC *moñan

brain - *(loan)

brain, marrow -PAN-F *punuq₁

brain; marrow -PMP *qutek

brain; marrow -PMP *hutek

bran

rice husk, rice bran -PMP *qeta

rice husk, rice bran -PAN *qeCah

branch

bifurcation, fork of a branch -PMP *saŋa₁

branch -PWMP *sa(m)pak

branch -PMP *daŋkaq

branch of a tree -POC *raqan kayu

branch of a tree -PMP *daqan kahiw

branch, bough -POC *raqan

branch, bough -PMP *daqan₁

branch, twig -PMP *daŋkeq

dry sago branch -PMP *kumbal

fork of a branch -PMP *peŋa

fork of a branch; any forked structure; bifurcation -PAN *paŋa₁

forked, as a branch -PWMP *raŋkaŋ

side path, branch or fork in path or stream; take a side path or way; crossroads -PMP *simpaŋ

split, forked, as a branch or path -PMP *ma-saŋa

strip leaves from branch -POC *sali

branches

branches carried along and deposited by water -PPH *Rapuq₂

break off a component piece of something, as twigs or branches from a tree, a banana from a bunch, a section from a fruit, etc. -PPH *sipíq

break off fruit or branches -PAN *sepiq

cut or lop off branches -POC *paRi₃

prune, trim branches -PWMP *tutuq

branching

bifurcation, forking or branching -POC *maŋa₂

branching coral; coral limestone -POC *laje

brand

burning brand; charred or smoldering wood -PMP *aluten

brave

(lit. 'big liver') brave, courageous; proud, arrogant -PMP *X₁ + qatay

bold, rude; brave -PPH *tapaŋ₂

brave, bold -POC *paRane

brave, bold, daring -PWMP *ma-baRani

brave, plucky -PMP *gagar

breach

gap, open space, breach -PPH *giwaŋ

breadfruit

birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc. -PMP *pulut

breadfruit -POC *beta₃

breadfruit -PMP *kuluR

breadfruit - *(loan)

breadfruit (seeded) - *(noise)

breadfruit sp. -PMP *sukun

breadfruit: Artocarpus spp. -PPH *qatipulu

core of a breadfruit -POC *malon

cut, slice into pieces, as breadfruit or taro -POC *siba

the seeded breadfruit tree:Artocarpus camansi -PPH *kamansi

the seeded breadfruit tree:Artocarpus camansi -PPH *kamansiq

tree with fruit similar to breadfruit -PWMP *si teRep

tree with fruit similar to breadfruit -PWMP *teRep

breadth

width, breadth -PWMP *babaq₂

break

beat, crunch, break -PMP *kepuk

break into several large pieces -PAN *peceq₁

break into several large pieces; hatch -PMP *pesak

break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -POC *posaq

break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg -PMP *peceq₂

break off -PMP *pukaq

break off -PWMP *upik

break off -PMP *pu(ŋ)kaq

break off a component piece of something, as twigs or branches from a tree, a banana from a bunch, a section from a fruit, etc. -PPH *sipíq

break off fruit or branches -PAN *sepiq

break off with the hand -POC *baki₁

break off, chip off - *(noise)

break off, snap off -POC *pati

break open -PWMP *beta₁

break open, force open -PWMP *tu(ŋ)kab

break or split off -PMP *ibak

break out in boils -PPh *apúy

break through, of water -PMP *buntaŋ

break to pieces -PWMP *Repik

break to pieces -PMP *Repak

break under tension -PMP *ku(n)tus

break under tension - *-tus(root)

break under tension, as a rope -PMP *utus₁

break up -PWMP *bugar

break up into small pieces -PPH *sagsag-en

break up, fall into pieces, scatter, disperse -PWMP *baRbaR

break wind, fart -PWMP *q<um>utut

break, broken, cut through -PMP *pataq

break, burst -PMP *talas

break, crack -PWMP *sagsag₁

break, crack off -PMP *lepak₁

break, crack, split -PWMP *epak

break, crack, split - *-pak₂(root)

break, crush, smash -POC *puaR

break, cut off, sever -POC *kutu₂

break, snap off at a joint -PWMP *sepak₁

break, split -POC *pidak

break, split -PMP *bitak₁

break, split off -PWMP *lu(m)pak

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

crack, split, break; sound of cracking, splitting, breaking -PMP *sapak

crack, split, break; sound of cracking, splitting, breaking -PMP *cep(e)qak

crumble, break into small pieces -PWMP *remay

fracture, break -PMP *baliq

in pieces, break open - *-ceq(root)

pick, pluck, break off -PMP *ketuq

put off, delay, postpone, break one’s promise -PPH *liwag

shatter, break -PMP *peta

snap, break off (twigs, etc.) -PMP *lepik

snap, break, as a rope under tension -PMP *butus

snap, break, as a string -PWMP *getus

split, break off -PMP *tempak

split, break off -PWMP *hepak

split, break off -PMP *baqak₁

split, divide, break off -POC *topiq

split, divide, break off -PAN *Cebiq

split, divide, break off; section of a betel nut -PMP *tebiq

stop an activity, take a break, rest -PAN-F *Seked

strike, break -PMP *ra(m)bek

take apart, dismantle; break open -PMP *buŋkaR

tear off, break off -PWMP *gisgis₂

throb, thud, clap, break - *-puk₁(root)

to break off, cut off -PMP *putul

to break off, cut off, as a limb -PAN *putun₂

to break something brittle -POC *Ropak

to break, chip off -POC *babak

to break, chip off -PMP *papak

to break, cut -POC *butul

to crack, break; cracked, broken -PPH *basag

to fart, break wind -PAN *q<um>etut

to fart, break wind -PAN *pa-qetut

to fart, break wind -PWMP *maR-qetut

to fart, break wind -PWMP *maŋ-qetut

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; break up, dismantle, demolish -PWMP *bekaj

to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers; split open, break up, dismantle, demolish -PMP *be(ŋ)kaR

to open, break open -PMP *su(ŋ)kab

to rest, take a break from work or other activity -PAN-F *Ceked

to snap, break off -PPH *putud

to snap, break off -PPH *lipuk

to snap, break off -PWMP *putut₁

to snap, break off -PWMP *putus₂

to snap, break off, as a twig -POC *kotos

to snap, break off, as a twig -PMP *getes

breaker

breakers, surf, waves -POC *napok

breakers, surf, waves -PMP *nabek

breakers, surf, waves -PAN *Nabek

wave, breaker (?) -POC *ŋalu

breaking

crack, split, break; sound of cracking, splitting, breaking -PMP *sapak

crack, split, break; sound of cracking, splitting, breaking -PMP *cep(e)qak

decay, crumble; sound of breaking; powder - *-pek (or *-peqek?)(root)

sound of breaking - *(loan)

sound of breaking or cracking -PMP *rupuk

sound of breaking or crunching -PCEMP *sepuk

sound of breaking or pounding -PWMP *lutuk₂

sound of breaking, etc. -PAN *bekbek₂

bream

a marine fish, probably the silver bream -PWMP *kapas kapas

breast

breast -PWMP *duduq

breast - *(near)

breast beam of a back loom -PMP *qatip₁

breast; suck the breast -PMP *titiq

breast; suck the breast -PMP *titi

breastfeed, give the breast to a young child -PPH *mapa-susu

female breast -POC *mata ni susu

female breast -POC *nunu₃

female breast -PAN *nunuh

female breast; udder -PAN *susu₁

fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing -PMP *buaq

give the breast to, nurse a child -PAN *pa-susu

nipple of the breast -PMP *mata nu susu

nipple of the breast -PWMP *qulu ni susu

to nurse, give a child the breast (to be sucked) -PAN *pa-susu-en

to suck at the breast, suckle -PWMP *ma-ñusu

to suckle, suck at the breast -PAN *s<um>usu

breastfeed

breastfeed, give the breast to a young child -PPH *mapa-susu

breast-feeding

to wean a baby from breast-feeding -PPH *pusiŋ

breath

breath -PWMP *qaseŋ

breath exhalation - *(noise)

breath loudly, snore -POC *ŋoŋok

breath, breath soul -PPH *linawa

breath, breath soul -PCEMP *ñawa

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

breath; to breathe -PAN *NiSawa

catch one's breath -PWMP *ciŋap

choke, gasp, struggle for breath -PMP *qekak

choke, gasp, struggle for breath -PWMP *eŋkak-eŋkak

choke, gasp, struggle for breath -PMP *e(ŋ)kak

gasp for breath -PWMP *haŋus₁

gasp for breath -PMP *eŋap

out of breath -PMP *heŋak

out of breath, gasping -POC *aŋak

out of breath, gasping -PWMP *haŋak

pant, be out of breath - *(noise)

panting, gasping for breath -POC *ŋoŋop

to pant, be out of breath -PAN *ŋesŋes

breathe

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

breath; to breathe -PAN *NiSawa

breathe quickly or deeply -PWMP *eŋkaq

gasp, open the mouth to breathe -PWMP *egap

to breathe -PMP *ma-ñawa

to breathe -PAN-F *S<um>eŋad

to breathe -PAN-F *Seŋad

to breathe (?) -PAN *Seŋaw

to breathe heavily or with difficulty -PPH *haŋes

to breathe; to rest, take a ‘breather’ -POC *mañawa

'breather'

to breathe; to rest, take a ‘breather’ -POC *mañawa

breathing

breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break -PMP *nihawa

difficulty in breathing -PWMP *seŋek

to gasp, have difficulty breathing -PMP *ŋepŋep

breeding

uncastrated male animal, stud, male breeding animal -PPH *bulug

breeze

a breeze, soft wind -PWMP *bui₁

breeze -PWMP *ibut₂

gentle breeze; blow gently, of the wind -PWMP *sap(e)quy

bribe

bribe - *(loan)

bride

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

booty, war captive; what is taken in war; elopement, captured bride -PMP *taban

brideprice

value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PEMP *poli

value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase -PMP *beli

bridewealth

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PEMP *ated

accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments -PMP *hateD

bridge

bridge -PPH *tuláy

bridge -PCMP *letay₂

bridge - *(loan)

bridge of the nose -PWMP *bataŋ qijuŋ

log or plank bridge -PWMP *taytay-an

narrow bridge -PPH *t<ag>aytay

single log bridge (?) -PMP *taytay

single log bridge; stairs, ladder -POC *tete

suspension bridge -PMP *titey

suspension bridge -PWMP *kitey

suspension bridge - *-tay(root)

to bridge or span, build a bridge across something -PPH *tulay-an

tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs -PMP *bataŋ

walk over a plank or log bridge -PWMP *ma-naytay

bridle

bridle, as for a horse -PWMP *kakaŋ

briefly

blink, wink, close the eye briefly -PPH *kimit

bright

bright - *(loan)

bright light -PMP *nilaw

bright, clear - *(loan)

bright, shiny -PWMP *ma-silaw

clear, bright -PWMP *teraŋ

light, bright -PMP *sindar

shine, bright - *(noise)

spark, bright light -PMP *siga

to shine; shining, bright -POC *ma-ramaR

tree with bright yellow fruit that has dry flesh:Lucuma nervosa -PPH *tisaq

brightness

brightness; to shine -PPH *sel(e)daŋ

brilliant

brilliant, sparkling -PPH *lináb

luminous, brilliant, full of light -PWMP *kilaw₂

brine

preserve meat in salt or brine -PAN *baleŋ₂

bring

bring -PAN-F *um-adaS

bring down the flat of the hand on something -PWMP *tepap

bring, carry -PWMP *um-uit

bring, carry -PAN *kaCu

bring, carry - *(noise)

bring, take along -PAN-F *adaS

bring, take along -PWMP *embaq

do, bring about, change something -PWMP *ka-buhat

get, bring, take -POC *pa-i

get, take, bring -POC *pa₂

lift, carry, bring; emerge, appear, begin; take a spouse -POC *puat₂

satiatiated, full (of the stomach after eating); fertile, bring forth plentifully, abundance of food -POC *masuR

take, bring - *(noise)

to assemble, come together (of people); bring together (of things) -PPH *típun

to bring the hands together -PPH *daup₂

to bring, to carry along -PAN *k<um>aCu

to shake, as a tree to bring down fruit -PPH *yegyeg

to shake, as a tree to bring down fruit fruit -PPH *yugyúg

bringing

bringing, carrying -PWMP *uit₂

brink

brink, edge, shore - *(near)

bristles

pig bristles; type of sea urchin with thin black spines -PMP *bulu ni babuy

brittle

brittle -PWMP *tepuq

brittle - *-puq(root)

brittle, crumbly -POC *ropak

brittle, crumbly, friable -PMP *re(m)pak

brittle, friable; to crumble -PMP *repek

dry, grainy, brittle -PWMP *pera

fragile, brittle, easily broken, of wood -PMP *repuk

to break something brittle -POC *Ropak

brittleness

rotten to brittleness, of wood -PMP *reput

broad

broad - *-baŋ₁(root)

broad and flat -POC *lapar

broad and flat -PMP *lapad

broad, flat rock shaped like a plank -PWMP *batu papan

broad, spacious -PWMP *baŋbaŋ₁

broad, wide -PWMP *lawaq₃

broad, wide -PWMP *lak(e)baŋ

wide, broad -PAN *lawas₁

wide, broad -PWMP *ma-bekelaj

wide, broad, open (of land) -PWMP *layaŋ₂

broadcast

sow, scatter, broadcast seed -PWMP *sa(m)beR

broil

broil; warm oneself or something near a fire -PAN *daŋdaŋ₁

to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn -PPH *pásuq

broken

break, broken, cut through -PMP *pataq

broken -POC *ma-posaq

broken bit of pottery, potsherd -PWMP *biqbiq₁

broken off, cut off -PEMP *mutu₂

broken off; islet; detached reef -POC *motus

broken piece of rope or string -PWMP *butes

broken to bits -PMP *mekmek

broken, shattered -PPh *búquŋ

destroyed, broken apart -PPH *bagbag-en

fragile, brittle, easily broken, of wood -PMP *repuk

fragment, piece broken off - *(noise)

piece broken off, husk -PWMP *upek

to crack, break; cracked, broken -PPH *basag

to sob, choke, have broken respiration -PMP *sekuk

worn out by overuse; broken; blunt -PPH *pudpud

bronze

bronze -PWMP *luyaŋ

brood

brood, flock, lots of children -PPh *hin-anak-an

brood, hold a grudge, remember, keep still -PAN *demdem₁

brood, sit on eggs -PWMP *qerem

brood, sit on eggs -POC *opi

brood, sit on eggs -PMP *ekep

brood, sit on eggs; cover completely -PMP *ukup

brood, think, be silent -PMP *sendem

litter, brood -PPh *saŋa-anak

think, ponder, brood; remember - *-dem₂(root)

think, ponder; brood -PWMP *qendem

to brood, keep still -POC *rodrom₂

to brood, sit on eggs -PWMP *eden

brood-remember

think, ponder, brood;-remember - *-nem₂(root)

brook

brook or small stream -PWMP *saluR

broom

broom -PAN-F *Sijap