Post-hoc WilcoxonSigned-Ranks Test with Bonferroni correction indicated that posttest ranks were statistically significantly higher for Session 2 (z=-3.68; P<.01) and Session 3 (z=-3.11; P<.002) at follow-up when compared to Session 1.

To determine whether participants' responses varied as a function of the housing condition depicted in the photographs, a Wilcoxonsigned-ranks test was conducted with significant results ([z.bar]=-4.51, p<.01).

After receiving the visual clues, both male and female predictors significantly raised their predictions for male targets (paired means test p-values [less than or equal to] .06; Wilcoxon matched-pairssigned-ranks test p-values [less than or equal to] .01).

Furthermore, after nonparametric methods became widely used to overcome non-normality, the Wilcoxonsigned-ranks test typically was used in place of the t test on difference scores when the normality assumption was questionable.

Deposit extension values decreased after the initial five minutes following first instillation of Blink-N-Clean (median [+ or -] interquartile range was 2 [+ or -] 1) compared with baseline (median [+ or -] interquartile range was 2 [+ or -] 0), but not significantly (Wilcoxon matchedpairssigned-ranks test, p=0.06).

Because the dependent variable was ordinal, the non-parametric Wilcoxon matched-pairsSigned-Ranks Test was used (Allen & Bennett, 2010) to test difference between repeated measures from the same individuals on the KOP (1961).

Non-parametric tests were used and included the Mann-Whitney U and the Wilcoxonsigned-ranks test. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare Groups I and 2 regarding level of function, length of stay, and group characteristics.

A non-parametric statistical test for paired data (two-tailed Wilcoxonsigned-ranks test (18)) was used for comparing differences between study and control group for each behavioral trend studied.

Intragroup changes were analyzed with the Wilcoxonsigned-ranks test, using the baseline and wash-out points as references.

The authors use the Wilcoxon matched-pairssigned-ranks test to analyze bank efficiency on different risk circumstances.

The difference between the pre and post-test was calculated for each student's response to each question, and a Wilcoxon Matched-PairsSigned-Ranks test was conducted to see if there was any significant change in student responses after the literature circles unit.

Since the interest of this study is limited to the proposed situations of decreasing soil water repellency with increased distance from eucalypt tree stems, the standard 2-tailed test results of the Wilcoxon'sSigned-Ranks Test and the Mann--Whitney U-Test were converted (manually) to 1-tailed test results.