Two defenders use the proposed guidance law and the augmentedproportional navigation (APN, N = 5, K = 2) with angle restraints in [17], respectively.

Sreenatha, 2000, "Fuzzy logic implementation ofproportional navigation guidance," Acta Astronautica, 2000.

The former had an improved guidance subsystem that directed the missile more accurately towards the calculated intercept point, rather than using the "typical"proportional navigation method.

Banavar, "Proportional navigation through predictive control," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol.

The proposed two-phased scheme admits the allowed look angle along with the desired impact angle constraint and switches theproportional navigation gain at an appropriate instant in the case for engagement.

These evolved into conical-scan trackers with all-aspect capability andproportional navigation guidance.

The first term of the right-hand side of the above equation is due to pureproportional navigation guidance (PPNG) law and the second and third terms pursuit guidance (PG) law.

In any case, a fixed angular error is not enough to defeat a missile usingproportional navigation (Figure 5).