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ISO 3166:1974 was first published in 1974. It was descended from the distinguishing signs for vehicles under the Conventions on Road Trafficof 1949 and 1968. It has been modified as needed over the years, and updated with new editions in 1981, 1988, and 1993. One source says thatthe three-digit codes first appeared in the 1981 edition. In 1996, it was announced that the standard would be divided into three parts. ISO3166-1 would continue to provide two-letter, three-letter, and three-digit codes for countries. ISO 3166-2 would contain codes for primaryadministrative subdivisions of countries. ISO 3166-3 would provide codes for obsolete country names (those deleted from ISO 3166 since 1974).The first publication of ISO 3166-1 was dated 1997.

The following timeline lists all the changes I could find that have affected the names or the codes for any entity. In most cases I haven'tmentioned the code values following a change, because they can be looked up in theCountry Codes table, or sometimesfarther down the timeline.

1. 1975: Sikkim (codesSK, SKM) merged with India.
2. ~1976: Three-letter code for Philippines changed fromPHI toPHL.
3. 1977: North Vietnam (codesVD, VDR, full name Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam) merged with South Vietnam (VN,VNM, full name Republic of Viet Nam) to form Vietnam.
4. 1977: Name of French Territory of the Afars and Issas (codesAI, AFI, 262) changed to Djibouti.
5. 1977: Name of Dahomey (codesDY, DHY, 204) changed to Benin.
6. 1979: French Southern and Antarctic Territories (codesFQ, ATF) split into French Southern Territories and a sectioncorresponding to Adélie Land, which was not given an entry because it was considered part of Antarctica.
7. 1979: British Antarctic Territory (codesBQ, ATB) merged with Antarctica.
8. 1979: Gilbert and Ellice Islands (codesGE, GEL, 296) split into Kiribati and Tuvalu.
9. 1980: Southern Rhodesia (alpha codesRH, RHO, 716) changed to Zimbabwe.
10. 1980: Name of New Hebrides (codesNH, NHB, 548) changed to Vanuatu.
11. 1980: Panama Canal Zone (codesPZ, PCZ) merged with Panama.
12. 1983: Dronning Maud Land (codesNQ, ATN, 216) merged with Antarctica.
13. 1984: Canton and Enderbury Islands (codesCT, CTE, 128) merged with Kiribati.
14. 1984: Name of Upper Volta (codesHV, HVO, 854) changed to Burkina Faso.
15. ~1985: Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla (codesKN, KNA, 658) split into Anguilla and "Saint Kitts and Nevis".
16. ~1985: Official English name of Spanish Sahara changed to Western Sahara.
17. ~1986: Aruba split from Netherlands Antilles.
18. 1986: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (codesPC, PCI, 582) split into Federated States of Micronesia, MarshallIslands, Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau.
19. 1986: United States Minor Outlying Islands formed by merging Johnston Atoll (codesJT, JTN, 396), Midway Islands(MI, MID, 488), United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands (PU, PUS, 849), and Wake Island (WK, WAK,872).
20. 1989-12-05 (Newsletter III-1): Official English name of Burma (codesBU, BUR, 104) changed to Myanmar.
21. 1990-08-14 (Newsletter III-7): People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (short name, Democratic Yemen; codes,YD, YMD,720) merged with Yemen Arab Republic (short name, Yemen). Numeric code changed from886 to887.Short name changed to Republic of Yemen.
22. 1990-08-14 (Newsletter III-10): Official English name of Kampuchea changed to Cambodia.
23. 1990-10-30 (Newsletter III-13): German Democratic Republic (codesDD, DDR, 278) merged with Federal Republicof Germany. Numeric code changed from280 to276.
24. 1992-04-19 (Newsletter III-22): Official English name of Micronesia changed to Federated States of Micronesia.
25. 1992-04-19 (Newsletter III-23): Full name (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) and short name (Ukrainian S.S.R.) changed toUkraine. No codes changed. (Note: although Belarus and Ukraine were as much a part of the Soviet Union as any of the otherconstituent republics, they had their own seats in the U.N. General Assembly, and consequently their own ISO codes, during theSoviet period.)
26. 1992-06-15 (Newsletters III-16, 17, 18, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Kazakstan,Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan split from U.S.S.R.
27. 1992-06-15 (Newsletter III-19): Full name (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) and short name (Byelorussian S.S.R.)changed to Belarus; its three-letter code changed fromBYS toBLR.
28. 1992-06-15 (Newsletter III-26): Croatia split from Yugoslavia.
29. 1992-08-28 (Newsletter III-28): Georgia split from U.S.S.R.
30. 1992-08-30 (Newsletter III-37): U.S.S.R. (full name Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, codesSU, SUN, 810) removedfrom list.
31. ~1993 (Newsletter III-39): Bosnia and Herzegovina split from Yugoslavia.
32. 1993-06-15 (Newsletter III-38): Slovenia split from Yugoslavia.
33. 1993-06-15 (Newsletters III-49 through III-51): Czechoslovakia (full name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, codesCS, CSK,200) split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.
34. 1993-06-18 (Newsletter III-24): Metropolitan France (codesFX, FXX, 249) added. The standard didn't specify thegeographical compass of this entity, but it was clearly intended to represent France in European, including Corsica. Theentity was later removed from the list (see 1997-07-14).
35. 1993-07-02 (Newsletter III-52): Full name of Angola changed from People's Republic of Angola to Republic of Angola.
36. 1993-07-12 (Newsletter III-40): Official English name of Republic of Yemen changed to Yemen.
37. 1993-07-12 (Newsletter III-46): Neutral Zone (between Saudi Arabia and Iraq, codesNT, NTZ, 536) removed from list.The Neutral Zone was split up and merged with Saudi Arabia and Iraq following the Gulf War of 1991.
38. 1993-07-12 (Newsletter III-47): Numeric code of Netherlands Antilles changed from532 to530 (a delayedconsequence of the splitting off of Aruba).
39. 1993-07-12 (Newsletter III-48): Mayotte added to list. It apparently was previously considered part of France, but thestandard never said so explicitly.
40. 1993-07-12 (Newsletter III-53): Full name of Madagascar changed from Democratic Republic of Madagascar to Republic ofMadagascar.
41. 1993-07-16 (Newsletters III-55 and III-56): Eritrea split from Ethiopia; numeric code of Ethiopia changed from230to231.
42. 1993-07-16 (Newsletter III-57): The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia split from Yugoslavia.
43. 1993-07-16 (Newsletter III-58): Full name of Afghanistan changed from Democratic Republic of Afghanistan to Islamic State ofAfghanistan.
44. 1993-07-22 (Newsletter III-44): Numeric code of Panama changed from590 to591 (a delayed consequence ofthe merging with the Panama Canal Zone).
45. 1993-07-23 (Newsletter III-54): South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands split from Falkland Islands.
46. 1993-07-25 (Amendment to Newsletter III-32): Official English name of Kyrgyzstan changed to Kyrgyz Republic.
47. 1993-07-28 (Newsletter III-45): Numeric code of Yugoslavia changed from890 to891 (a consequence of thesplitting off of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia).
48. 1994-01-26 (Newsletter III-59): Full name of Andorra changed from Andorra to Pricipality of Andorra.
49. 1994-01-26 (Newsletter III-60): Full name of Cambodia changed to Kingdom of Cambodia.
50. 1996-04-03 (Newsletter IV-1): Short and full names of Vatican City changed from Vatican City State (Holy See) to Holy See(Vatican City State).
51. 1997-07-14 (Newsletter IV-2): Zaire (full name Republic of Zaire, alpha codesZR, ZAR) changed to The DemocraticRepublic of the Congo.
52. 1997-07-14: Metropolitan France removed from the list, but remains an "exceptionally reserved code element".
53. 1998-02-05 (Newsletter V-1): Formal name of Samoa changed from Independent State of Western Samoa to Independent State ofSamoa.
54. 1999-10-01 (Newsletter V-2): Occupied Palestinian Territory split from Israel.
55. 2002-02-01 (Newsletter V-3): Three-letter code for Romania changed fromROM toROU.
56. 2002-05-20 (Newsletters V-4 and V-5): Official English spellings of two country names were changed: Kazakstan to Kazakhstan,and Macau to Macao. The ISO two- and three-letter codes for East Timor were changed fromTP toTL and fromTMP toTLS, respectively.
57. 2002-11-15 (Newsletter V-6): Official English name of East Timor changed to Timor-Leste.
58. 2003-01-14 (Newsletter V-7): Formal name of Comoros changed from Islamic Federal Republic of the Comoros to Union of theComoros.
59. 2003-07-23 (Newsletter V-8): Official English name of Yugoslavia changed to Serbia and Montenegro. The alpha codes werechanged fromYU,YUG toCS,SCG.
60. 2004-02-13 (Newsletter V-9): Åland Islands split from Finland. No code change for Finland.
61. 2006-03-29 (Newsletter V-11): Guernsey, Isle of Man, and Jersey split from United Kingdom. No code change for United Kingdom.
62. 2006-09-26 (Newsletter V-12): "Serbia and Montenegro", whose codes were (CS, SCG, 891),split into two countries: Serbia and Montenegro.
63. 2007-09-21 (Newsletter VI-1): Saint Barthélemy and "Saint-Martin (French part)" split from Guadeloupe. No code change forGuadeloupe.
64. 2008-03-31 (Newsletter VI-2): Short name of Republic of Moldova changed to Moldova.
65. 2008-09-09 (Newsletter VI-3): Formal name of Nepal changed to Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
66. 2009-01-07 (Newsletter VI-4): Reversed the change to Moldova in Newsletter VI-2.
67. 2009-03-03 (Newsletter VI-5): Short name of Venezuela changed to Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
68. 2009-05-08 (Newsletter VI-6): Name of Bolivia changed to Plurinational State of Bolivia (both short and formal).
69. 2010-02-22 (Newsletter VI-7): Short name of Saint Helena changed to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
70. 2010-12-15 (Newsletter VI-8): Curaçao and "Sint Maarten (Dutch part)" split from Netherlands Antilles, which was renamed"Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba". The codes for Netherlands Antilles (AN, ANT, 530) were retired.
71. 2011-06-12 (Newsletter VI-9): "Saint" changed to "Sint" in the English name of Bonaire; formal name of Fiji changed to "Republicof Fiji"; formal name of Myanmar changed to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar"; formal name of Niue changed to Niue, deleting "Republicof".
72. 2011-08-09 (Newsletter VI-10): South Sudan split from Sudan. Sudan's former N-3 code,736, was retired. The othercodes for Sudan remained unchanged.
73. 2011-11-08 (Newsletter VI-11): Short name of Libya changed to Libya, deleting "-n Arab Jamahiriya".
74. 2012-02-15 (Newsletter VI-12): Formal name of Hungary changed to Hungary, deleting "Republic of".
75. 2012-08-02 (Newsletter VI-13): Formal name of Eritrea changed to State of Eritrea.
76. 2013-02-06 (Newsletter VI-14): Name of Palestine changed from "Occupied Palestinian Territory" to "State of Palestine" (both shortand formal).

Sources:

Change history from 1989 to 1994 comes from a document attributed to the RIPE Network Coordination Centre. (RIPE = RéseauxIP Européens = European IP Networks.) Many copies of this document, with different update dates, exist on the Web. Someexamples arehere ,here , andhere .I have not actually seen the original newsletters, so I can't explain the discrepancy between their serial numbers and dates; theremay be errors in the RIPE document. Change history from 1996 on comes from documents I have seen, in either printed or electronicform. Change history prior to 1989 is reconstructed from various printed and online documents, and may have some small mistakes.