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Updates: 

Update 16 to the U.S. standard GEC is dated 2014-06-30. It removes the codes for the counties of Lithuania,and assigns codes to the municipalities.

I added the results of the 2011 and 1989 censuses. Lithuanians have been emigrating, resulting in anoteworthy decline in population.

Change Notice 7 to FIPS PUB 10-4 is dated 2002-01-10. In 1990, Lithuania was reorganized into ten apskritis(counties). In 1994, the country was reorganized again into 56 towns and regions. These 56 divisionsostensibly supersede the counties, but the Statistics Department still reports data at both levels. Afterthe breakup of the Soviet Union, FIPS initially listed Lithuania with only one division. Later, it reported55 of the 56 towns and regions. As a result of Change Notice 7, FIPS listed the ten counties of 1990. ISO3166-2 has reported only those ten counties from the very start (1996).

The book gives two-letter abbreviations for the towns and regions. I have assigned HASC codes to the countiesso that they won't conflict with the town and region codes.

Erratum: In "Administrative Divisions of Countries", page 222, two letters were transposed inone of the region names. Ladzijai should be Lazdijai.

Country overview: 

The territory constituting modern Lithuania was almost entirely contained in the Russian Empire in 1900.On 1918-02-16, Lithuania declared its independence. It was forced to cede the Memelland along the coastto Germany on 1939-03-22. It was occupied by the army of the Soviet Union in 1940, and became a constituentrepublic of the U.S.S.R., the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, on 1940-08-03. This annexation wasnever recognized by the United States. The Soviet Union acknowledged Lithuania's independence on1991-09-06.

Other names of country: 

1. Danish: Litauen
2. Dutch: Litouwen, Republiek Litouwen (formal)
3. English: Republic of Lithuania (formal)
4. Finnish: Liettua
5. French: Lituanief
6. German: Litauenn
7. Icelandic: Litháen
8. Italian: Lituaniaf
9. Lithuanian: Lietuva, Lietuvos Respublika (formal)
10. Norwegian: Litauen, Republikken Litauen (formal)
11. Portuguese: Lituâniaf, Repúblicaf da Lituâniaf (formal)
12. Russian: Литва, Литовская Республика (formal)
13. Spanish: Lituania
14. Swedish: Litauen
15. Turkish: Litvanya Cumhuriyeti (formal)

Origin of name: 

LithuanianLietuva: land abundant with water

Primary subdivisions: 

Lithuania is divided into ten apskritys (sing. apskritis: counties).

Postal codes: 

Lithuania used four-digit postal codes. A new system of five-digit postal codes was initiated on 2004-01-01,but either type of code can be used during the transition period. Postal codes for Lithuanian addresses can beidentified by prefixing them with "LT-".

Further subdivisions:

See theMunicipalities of Lithuania page.

Lithuania is further subdivided into sixty entities of three types: miestas (city), rajonas (district), andsavivaldybe (municipality). These are subdivided into seniunijos (subdistricts).

Territorial extent: 

Neringa occupies the Lithuanian part of Kurshskaya Kosa, a long peninsula which is connected to themainland in the Kaliningrad oblast of Russia.

TheUN LOCODE page  for Lithuania lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Origins of names: 

Klaipėda: Lithuanianklai: open,pėda: plain

Change history: 

1. 1900: Present-day Lithuania consisted of the Russian guberniy of Kovno (capital Kaunas), northwesternVilna (Vilnius), northern Suwalki (Suwalki), and a small part of southern Courland (Mitava), plus theMemelgebiet in Prussia.
2. 1920-10-07: Poland occupied the southeastern part of Vilna, including the city of Vilnius.
3. 1923-01: Memel territory, which had been administered by France since the Treaty of Versailles(1919-06-28), occupied by Lithuania, and given the Lithuanian name Klaipėda.
4. 1924-05-08: Memel territory became an autonomous part of Lithuania under the Memel Statute. It consistedof the districts of Memel, Pagegiai, and Šilutė. The divisions of Lithuania at this time were asfollows:

1. 1939-03-22: Memel territory annexed by Germany.
2. 1939-10-10: Over half of the Polish territory in Vilna guberniya restored to Lithuania. Capital ofLithuania moved from Kaunas to Vilnius.
3. 1990: Lithuania reorganized into 10 apskritis (districts, as shown in table above): Alytus, Kaunas,Klaipėda, Marijampolė, Panevėžys, Šiauliai, Tauragė, Telšiai, Utena,and Vilnius.
4. 1994: Lithuania reorganized into 44 miestai (towns) and 12 rajonai (regions). They were intended tosupersede the counties, but the counties are still in operation. The number of secondary subdivisions hassince increased to 60, as shown on theMunicipalities of Lithuania page.
5. 2004-05-01: Lithuania joined the European Union.

Other names of subdivisions: 

In transcribing place names, č is often replaced by ch or tsch; š by sh or sch; ž by zh;and ė by ie or ye. Lithuanian is an inflected language, and names of divisions may have differentendings depending on context. Most of the variants listed here are rather outdated.

1. Alytus: Olita (German); Alitus (Spanish)
2. Biržai: Birschi (German)
3. Jonava: Janowo (German); Ianova (variant)
4. Joniškis: Janischki (German)
5. Jurbarkas: Jurburg (German); Yurburg (variant)
6. Kaunas: Kowno (German); Kovno (variant)
7. Kėdainiai: Keidany (German)
8. Klaipėda: Memel (German, obsolete)
9. Kretinga: Krottingen (German)
10. Marijampolė: Kapsukas (obsolete); Mariampol (German)
11. Mažeikiai: Moscheiki (German)
12. Neringa: Nida (variant); Nidden (German)
13. Palanga: Polangen (German)
14. Panevėžys: Ponewiesch, Ponewjesh (German); Poneviezli (variant)
15. Prienai: Preny (German)
16. Radviliškis: Radsiwilischki (German)
17. Raseiniai: Rossieny (German)
18. Šiauliai: Schaulen (German); Shavli (variant)
19. Šilalė: Schileli (German)
20. Šilutė: Heydekrug (German)
21. Skuodas: Shkudy (variant)
22. Švenčionys: Schwentschionys, Swenzjany (German); Sventziany (variant)
23. Tauragė: Tauroggen (German)
24. Telšiai: Telsche, Telschi (German); Telshe (variant)
25. Trakai: Troki (German)
26. Ukmergė: Wilkomir (German); Vilkomir (variant)
27. Vilkaviškis: Wilkowischki (German)
28. Vilnius: Wilna (German); Vilna (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish); Vilnious (French)

Sources: 

1. [1]Interactiveatlas . Statistics Lithuania (retrieved 2014-01-28).
2. [2] 2001 census data from Statistics Lithuania website (http://www.std.lt/web/main.php, dead link,retrieved 2004-01-14).
3. [3] Municipalities. Information Society Development Committee under the Government of the RL(http://www.lietuva.lt/index.php?Lang=5&ItemId=28049, dead link, retrieved 2005-07-20). Had a directory ofcounties, municipalities, and subdistricts.