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Updates: 

I've updated the populations to the 2010 census data, according to source [5].

The country has announced that it wants to be called "Cabo Verde" in every language, à la Côte d'Ivoire. Isuspect that English speakers will continue to call it Cape Verde for a while. Update 14 to GeopoliticalEntities and Codes (formerly FIPS 10-4), dated 2013-12-31, adopts the new name.

ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-3 is dated 2011-12-15. For Cape Verde, this update largely repeats the changeslisted in Newsletter II-2. The one difference is that it eliminates a duplicate. The code for São Lourençodos Orgãos used to be the same as the one for Sal.

The five new counties are accounted for in Newsletter II-2 (2010-06-30), an update to the ISO 3166-2standard, and in Update 1 (2010-08-20) to the U.S. standard "Geopolitical Entities and Codes".

Most sources say that the capital of Sal county is Espargos. I had previously reported that it was SantaMaria, based on the CIA map. The capital of Maio county is Vila do Maio, but an alternate (obsolete?) namefor that city is Porto Inglês, which appears in some sources.

Note: Portuguese for council isconselho; for county (specifically, one of the counties into whichCape Verde is divided),concelho. The two words are easy to confuse.

According to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) and other sources, sometime between 1980 and 1991,Mosteiros, São Domingos, São Filipe, and São Miguel counties were formed, and Fogo county disappeared.Oddly, none of the major reference works mentioned them until 2000, and even then, one of them was stillleft off the list.

FIPS Publication Change Notice No. 9, affecting FIPS PUB 10-4, was issued on 2004-10-01. It assigned FIPScodes for the above changes, and also for Santa Cruz. It also changed the FIPS codes of the old countiesfrom which the new ones were formed. Porto Novo county existed then, but no FIPS code was assigned to ituntil the 2010 update.

The original ISO 3166-2 standard (1998) had listed only the fourteen counties listed below under Changehistory, 1971. (They were designated "municipalities".) ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-2, published on2002-05-21, showed the changes described above. It gave the name of São Miguel as "Calheta de São Miguel".All the additional counties were in Sotavento group.

Country overview: 

Cape Verde had been a Portuguese colony for more than five centuries when it was granted its independenceon 1975-07-05.

Other names of country: 

1. Danish: Kap Verde, Kapverdiske Øer
2. Dutch: Kaapverdië, Republiek Kaapverdië (formal)
3. English: Republic of Cape Verde (formal)
4. Finnish: Kap Verde
5. French: Cap-Vertm
6. German: Kap Verde, Kapverden (Swiss), Kap Verde Inselnfp, Republikf Kapn Verde
7. Icelandic: Grænhöfðaeyjar
8. Italian: Capom Verde
9. Norwegian: Kapp Verde, Republikken Kapp Verde (formal)
10. Portuguese: Cabo Verde, Repúblicaf de Cabom Verde (formal) (n in Portugal)
11. Russian: Республика Кабо-Верде (formal), Республика Острова Зелёного Мыса (variant)
12. Spanish: Cabo Verde, Repúblicaf de Cabom Verde (formal)
13. Swedish: Kap Verde
14. Turkish: Yeşil Burun Cumhuriyeti (formal), Verde Burnu (variant)

Origin of name: 

After Cap Vert, Senegal (PortugueseCabo Verde: green cape)

Primary subdivisions: 

Cape Verde is divided into twenty-two concelhos (counties), also called municípios.

Further subdivisions:

See theParishes of Cape Verde page.

Barlavento and Sotavento are not administrative divisions, although each has its own Chamber of Commerce.Verdeans sometimes call them regiões (regions), sometimes distritos (districts), but most often just grupos(island groups). ISO 3166-2 called them districts, but it changed the designation to geographical regions.I've decided to use "groups", which has the least official resonance. Mindelo is the chief town ofBarlavento, and Praia of Sotavento. The codes B and S are part of the ISO 3166-2 standard, and the derivedGENC standard.

Territorial extent: 

1. Smaller islands are usually contained in the nearest county on a larger island.
2. Boa Vista Island corresponds to Boa Vista county.
3. Brava Island corresponds to Brava county (along with Rei and Rombo Islands).
4. Fogo Island corresponds to Mosteiros, Santa Catarina do Fogo, and São Filipe counties.
5. Maio Island corresponds to Maio county.
6. Sal Island corresponds to Sal.
7. Santo Antão Island corresponds to Paul, Porto Novo, and Ribeira Grande counties.
8. São Nicolau Island corresponds to Ribeira Brava and Tarrafal de São Nicolau counties.
9. São Tiago (or Santiago) Island corresponds to Praia, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Santa Catarina, SantaCruz, São Domingos, São Lourenço dos Órgãos, São Miguel, São Salvador do Mundo, and Tarrafal counties.
10. São Vicente Island corresponds to São Vicente (along with uninhabited Santa Luzia Island).

TheUN LOCODE page  for Cape Verde lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Origins of names: 

1. Barlavento: Portuguese for windward. Prevailing winds are from the northeast, and these islands are tothe north.
2. Boa Vista: Portuguese for good view.
3. Brava: Portuguese for wild.
4. Fogo: Portuguese for fire. Island has an active volcano.
5. Maio: Portuguese for May. Island was discovered in May 1460 by António de Noli and Diogo Gomes.
6. Paul: Portuguese for marsh.
7. Praia: Portuguese for beach.
8. Ribeira Grande: Portuguese for big creek.
9. Sal: Portuguese for salt. There were salt mines there.
10. São Vicente: Island discovered on Saint Vincent's feast day, 1462-01-22.
11. Sotavento: Portuguese for leeward.

Change history: 

1. Note: History is incomplete until 1971.
2. 1769: Capital of Cape Verde Islands moved from Cidade Velha (formerly known as Ribeira Grande) toPraia.
3. ~1894: Paul county merged with Ribeira Grande, which thereby became the only county on Santo Antãoisland.
4. 1935: Sal county split from Boa Vista.

1. ~1971: Porto Novo county split from Paul.
2. 1971: Santa Cruz county split from Praia. At this time, the divisions of Cape Verde were as shown inthis table:

1. ~1988: São Domingos county formed by taking Nossa Senhora da Luz and São Nicolau Tolentino parishesfrom Praia.
2. 1991: Mosteiros county formed by taking Nossa Senhora da Ajuda parish from Fogo county. The remainderof Fogo county renamed São Filipe county.
3. ~1991: São Miguel county (area 91 km.², ISO codeCV-CS from 2002 to 2010) formed bytaking São Miguel Arcanjo parish from Tarrafal county.
4. 2005-08-03: Five new counties were formed in 2005. Ribeira Grande de Santiago county formed on2005-07-23 by taking Santíssimo Nome de Jesus and São João Baptista parishes from Praia (former HASC codeCV.PI, ISO codePR, FIPS codeCV14). Santa Catarina do Fogo countyformed on 2005-07-25 by taking Santa Catarina parish from São Filipe (CV.SF,SF,CV18). São Lourenço dos Órgãos county formed on 2005-07-21 by taking São Lourenço dos Órgãosparish from Santa Cruz (CV.SZ,CR,CV16). São Salvador do Mundocounty formed on 2005-07-19 by taking São Salvador do Mundo parish from Santa Catarina (CV.SC,CA,CV15). Tarrafal de São Nicolau county formed on 2005-08-03 by taking SãoFrancisco parish from São Nicolau (CV.SN,SN,CV10). The remainder ofSão Nicolau county was renamed Ribeira Brava. ISO code for Säo Miguel changed fromCS toSM, since ISO had formerly called this county Calheta de Säo Miguel.

Other names of subdivisions: 

1. Paul: Paoul (French); Paúl (common misspelling)
2. São Miguel: Calheta de São Miguel (variant)

Population history:

Sources: 

1. [1] Retrieved fromInstituto Nacional deEstatística  site on 2008-12-19 (requires free registration).
2. [2] 1990 census data are from theAtlasde Cabo Verde  site, retrieved about 2003.
3. [3] The CGN-CV (Código Geográfico Nacional de Cabo Verde: National Geographic Code of Cape Verde) isdefined by the Instituto Nacional de Estatística of Cape Verde. There is a document containing an overalldescription of the code system, titled "Apresentação Geral"(http://www.ine.cv/Nomenclatura/CGN-CV/APRESENGeral%20CGN-CV.pdf), and another with the actual codes down toparish level, titled "Estrutura" (http://www.ine.cv/Nomenclatura/CGN-CV/ESTRUTURA%20CGN-CV.pdf). Both wereretrieved about 2003. There is a seven-digit CGN code for each of 4,526 places in Cape Verde. The first fivedigits of a code represent the zone in which the place is located. The first three digits represent a parish(freguesia); the first two, a county (concelho); and the first digit alone, one of the nine inhabitedislands.
4. [4]DemographicYearbook , 7th Ed. Statistical Office of the United Nations, New York,1955 (retrieved 2011-08-20).
5. [5]Resumo dos Principais Resultados...  (Excel download). IVº Recenseamento Geral da População e de Habitação,Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2010 (retrieved 2014-02-11).