[Radet, G.,En Phrygie, 1893. Ramsay, W. M.,Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, 1895 and1897.
Imhoof-Blumer, F., Kleinasiatische Münzen, 1901;Zur griechischen u. römischen. Münz-kunde, 1908.
Head, B. V.,British Museum Catalogue, Phrygia, 1906.]
Before the expedition of Alexander, and the subsequent gradual exten-sion of Greek civilization among the rude peoples of the highlands of cen-tral Asia Minor, a native coinage in these regions was non-existent, thoughthe Persian daric was doubtless current along the more frequented trade- routes from Syria through the Cilician gates and along the river-valleysof Phrygia and Lydia to the Greek ports on the western seaboard. Itwas not until Greek and Macedonian settlers had been planted here andthere in the country by the Seleucids and Attalids in mutual rivalrythat coinage began to come into general use, and it was not until afterthe defeat of Antiochus at Magnesia, B.C. 190, when the greater part ofwestern Asia Minor was assigned to the kingdom of Pergamum, that Cisto-phoric mints were established (B.C. 189-133) at Laodiceia and Apameia.Afterwards, when the administration of the country was taken overby the Romans (B.C. 133), Synnada, as a convenient station on the roadthrough Pisidia to Cilicia, was also promoted to the rank of a Cistophoricmint. The Alexandrine tetradrachms of this period, which Müller (Nos.1178-95) assigned to Philomelium on the eastern highway to Iconium,belong more probably to Phaselis on the coast of Lycia (Imh.,Kl. M., 308).The only other city which struck silver coins in pre-Imperial times wasCibyra, which was allowed to retain its independence under its nativedynasts down to B.C. 84. Including the above-mentioned cities, therewere in all about a score of towns in which autonomous bronze moneywas coined at intervals during the course of the second and first cen-turies B.C. These were either the chief halting places on the varioushighways from west to east or from north to south, or towns in theimmediate neighbourhood of famous sanctuaries, such as Hierapolis,Dionysopolis, Hieropolis, &c. Most, though not all, of these towns con-tinued to strike money throughout the Imperial period down to the timeof Gallienus, and as the general prosperity of the country increased underthe organized rule of Rome, mints at many other less important citiesfrequently sprang into activity, though it would seem that their issueswere usually confined to special occasions such as periodical religiousfestivals or games, and, in many cases, the expense of the coinage wasundertaken by some magistrate or wealthy citizen of high standing, suchas‘Αρχιερευς or‘Ασιαρχης, as an offering (αναθημα) to his native city. Suchvoluntary liturgies would as a rule earn for the benefactor some hono-rary title, such asΦιλοπατρις, Φιλοκαισαρ, Υιος πολεως, &c. Sometimes,however, these liturgies would seem to have been granted ‘at the requestof’ (αιτησαμενου) or ‘on the acceptance of a report by’ (εισαγγειλαντος)some local magnate and, in such cases, it is possible that the city mayhave undertaken the expense of the issue while delegating it in commis-sion to a special officer (επιμεληθεις).[1] As a general rule, however, the
1 See v. Fritze inNomisma, i. p. 2 sqq.
Abbaëtae-Mysi. This Mysian people occupied a district in westernPhrygia of which Ancyra and Synaüs were the chief cities. Imhoof(Festschrift für O. Benndorf, p. 201) would assign the coins to the first ofthese towns.
Autonomous bronze of the second century B.C., all contemporary andof three sizes,obv. Heads of Zeus; young Herakles; Apollo (Chromios (?))with hair rolled; and Asklepios;rev. ΜΥΣΩΝ ΑΒΒΑΙΤΩΝ, Wingedfulmen in wreath; Club and Lion-skin in wreath; Double-axe in wreath;Staff of Asklepios (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. II. 1-3, and Imhoof, Zur gr. u.röm. Münzk., p. 138).
Accilaëum (J. H. S., xix. 90) on the Tembris or Tembros in PhrygiaEpictetus, east of Dorylaëum and Midaëum, appears to have coined quasi- autonomous and Imperial money only during the reign of Gordian.Types—Naked Zeus; Seated goddess with phiale and sceptre; Diony-sos; Mên; Nike; Tyche; &c. Also ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. Inscr.,ΑΚΚΙΛΑЄΩΝ. No magistrates’ names.
Acmoneia, on a tributary of the river Sindrus, about six miles west ofDiocleia (Ramsay,C. and B., 625).
Autonomous bronze of three sizes. Middle of first century B.C. Inscr.,ΑΚΜΟΝΕΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in nominative case with patronymic.Types—Bust of Athena,rev. Flying eagle on fulmen, between stars;Head of Zeus,rev. Asklepios; Bust of City-Tyche,rev. ArtemisHuntress (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. II. 5-7). (Cf. coinage ofApameia of thesame period.)
Quasi-autonomous andImperial—Augustus to Gallienus. Magis-trates’ names, at first in nominative case, and from Nero to Caracalla ingenitive withεπι. Titles—Archiereus (or Archon ?) down to Trajan.The names of the magistrate and of his wife in Nero’s time are some-times as follows :—επιαρχ.το γ Σερουηνιου Καπιτωνος και ‘Ιουλιας Σεουηρας.The combination of the wife’s name with that of her husband is stronglyin favour of the title Archiereus, rather than Archon, as the office intendedbyεπιαρχ. (Ramsay,C. and B., 639 ff.). From Trajan’s time the title isGrammateus, and, in the reign of S. Severus, Flavius Priscus Jun. boastsof being the son of an Asiarch. (ЄΠΙ ΦΛ. ΠΡЄΙCΚΟΥ ΝЄΟΥ ΓΡ. ΥΟΥΑCΙΑΡ.).Chief types—Nike; Zeus seated, with adjuncts, owl and cres-cent; Artemis; Artemis Ephesia; River-god (Sindros ?); Kybele; Askle-pios and Hygieia; Hermes; Zeus seated to front with two giants at hisfeet; Dionysos in biga of panthers, riding on panther, or standing; Amal-theia suckling infant Zeus, around, three Kuretes; Herakles leaning onclub; Demeter standing; City-Tyche seated between two River-gods
Aezanis in Phrygia Epictetus, near the sources of the Rhyndacus.Autonomous bronze probably after B.C. 84, the Sullan era, according towhich some specimens seem to be dated (Imhoof,Gr. M., 195). Inscr.,ΕΠΙΚΤΗΤΕ[ΩΝ],obv. Helmeted bust,rev. Horse walking, sometimeswith palm across shoulder, occasionally on caduceus, above, pileus sur-mounted by star;obv. Helmet with cheek-pieces,rev. Sword or daggerin sheath;obv. Head of Zeus,rev. Eagle on fulmen. Magistrates’ namesin monogr., but in one instance at full length—ΓΑΙΟΥ. In the latterhalf of the first century B.C. theinscr. is ΕΖΕΑΝΙΤΩΝ;obv. Head ofHerakles,rev. Hermes;obv. Head of City,rev. Dionysos.
Quasi-autonomous andImperial—Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr.,ΑΙΖΑΝΙΤΩΝ or ΑΙΖΑΝЄΙΤΩΝ with addition, on a coin of Commodus,of ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΟC (Invent. Wadd., Pl. XV. 7).Magistrates'names in genitive withεπι, usually with patronymic without or withtitles, Archon, Grammateus, Strategos, Stephanephoros, Archineokorosor Archiereus and Neokoros (?), Asiarch. (For list of names see B. M. C.,Phr., p. xxiv. ff.) Under M. Aurelius the Grammateus Eurykles dedi-cates a coin ΤΗ ΓЄΡΟΥCΙΑ (ανεθηκε being understood).Chief types—Zeus standing half-draped; Athena; Kybele; River-god (Rhyndakos)holding infant Ploutos; the Dioskuri; ΔΗΜΟC standing; Infant Zeussuckled by goat; Helios in quadriga; Hermes; Artemis Ephesia;Hekate triformis; Poseidon; Hephaestos forging helmet; &c. Alsobusts of ΘЄΟC CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC and ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ;ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC; ΔΗΜΟC; and ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ.
Alliance coin with Cadi, under Domitian—ΔΗΜΟC ΑΙΖΑΝЄΙΤΩΝ,ΔΗΜΟC ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ.
Alia (near the modernIslam-Keui) on the upper Sindrus betweenAcmoneia and Siocharax.Quasi-autonomous andImperial, occa-sionally, from Trajan to Gordian. Inscr., ΑΛΙΗΝΩΝ.Magistrate'sname G. Asinius Phrygius in genitive with ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ underTrajan, and G. Asinius Agreus Philopappos in nominative under M. Aure-lius, with titles ΑCΙΑΡΧΗC and ΑΡΧΙЄΡΑΤЄ[ΥΩΝ] with or withoutανεθηκεν. The expressionαιτησαμενου seems to mean that the coinswere issued ‘at the request of’ the magistrate named, who had askedformal permission to dedicate an issue of coins to the city,[1] whileανεθηκενseems to imply that he had fulfilled his voluntary obligation, and beenat the expense of the issue (seesupra,p. 662).Αιτησαμενος occurs atAlia, Ancyra, Eucarpeia, Appia, Stectorium, Mylasa, and Stratoniceia- Hadrianopolis (B. M. C.,Lyd., cxvii).‘Ανεθηκεν is much more frequent.
Chief types—Mên standing or on horseback.[2] ΔΗΜΟC standing;Demeter (?); Aphrodite; Apollo; Asklepios; Artemis; Dionysos; &c.Also busts of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, &c. (B. M. C.,Phr.,Pl. VI. 5-8).
1 Ramsay (C. and B., 594) suggests that a special grant was accorded fromRome at therequest of an influential citizen. But why the Roman rather than the local Senate ?2 With regard to the religious cultus at Alia see Ramsay,C. and B., 593.
Amorium, an important town in far eastern Phrygia, struckautonomous bronze coins in the second or first century B.C. Inscr.,ΑΜΟΡΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in nominative case or in monogr.Types—obv. Head of Zeus,rev. Eagle on fulmen, with caduceus acrosswing;obv. Head of Kybele,rev. Lion on caduceus. (B. M. C.,Phr.,Pl. VII. 1, 2.)
Quasi-autonomous andImperial—Augustus to Geta. Magistrates’names in nominative case under Augustus; afterwards in genitive withεπι, or two names with family name, e.g. Silvanus and Justus, Vipsanii,ЄΠΙ CΙΛΟΥΑΝΟΥΚΑΙ ΙΟΥCΤΟΥ ΟΥЄΙΨΑΝΙWΝ. The title, Archon,is added on coins of Caracalla and Geta. Imhoof (Kl. M., 202) pointsout that Amorium is called in an inscription (B. C. H., xix. 555 ff.)η λαμπροτατη και συμμαχος ‘Ρωμαιων, and that nearly all the magistrates’names from Caligula onwards are Roman.Chief types—Zeus seated;Temple of Zeus; Demeter; Aphrodite; Athena; Nemesis; Bust ofSarapis,rev. Isis; Herakles before the tree of the Hesperides; River- god; Eagle on altar; Rhea seated before infant Zeus; Artemis andApollo with altar between them; Dionysos and satyr; &c. (see B. M. C.,Phr., Pls. VII and VIII). Also busts of ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟCand ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ.
Ancyra, the chief city of the district Abbaïtis in western Phrygia,was probably the place of mintage in the second century B.C. of thecoins reading ΜΥΣΩΝ ΑΒΒΑΙΤΩΝ (seeAbbaëtae-Mysi,supra,p. 663).After a long interval Ancyra begins again to strikequasi-autonomousand Imperial coins from the reign of Nero, when the town bore fora time the name of Julia. Inscr., ΙΟΥΛΙΕΩΝ ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΩΝ (Wadd.,Fastes, 135), down to that of Philip. Ordinary Inscr., ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΩΝ.
Magistrates—Proconsul, Volasenna, A.D. 62-63, ΠΟ. ΟΥΟΛΑCЄΝΝΑΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ, ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ ΤΙ. ΒΑCCΙΛΑΟΥ ЄΦ(ορου). From Neroonwards the magistrate’s title is Archon or First Archon, who is alsooccasionally qualified as Hiereus, Stephanephoros, or Stephanephoros andArchiereus. [1]Chief types—Zeus standing, holding anchor and sceptre.The anchor on the coins of Ancyra in Galatia, which King Midas found,and which in the time of Pausanias (i. 4) was still to be seen in thetemple of Zeus in that city, proves that the same legend must have beencommon to both cities, unless at the Phrygian town it was merely atype parlant. Zeus and Hera face to face, sometimes between cypresstrees; Artemis Ephesia; Athena; Poseidon seated. Also busts, ΘЄΑΡΩΜΗ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΘЄΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ, ΔΗΜΟC, &c. (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. IX).
For list of magistrates’ names, &c., see B. M. C.,Phr., p. xxix ff. andPl. IX.
Antiocheia,η προς τη Πισιδια (Strab. 577), seeinfraunder Pisidia.(Imhoof,Kl. M., p. 356.)
Apameia, founded by Antiochus I (Soter) and named after his motherApama, superseded the older stronghold and royal residenceCelaenae
1 The coin of Antinoüs, dedicated by Julius Saturninus, ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΟΙC (Mion. iv.221, 160) belongs to Ancyra Galatiae (cf. C. I. G., 4013).
. (ii) After B.C. 133 with ΑΠΑ and magistrates’names in genitive case. (iii) Proconsular Cistophori, B.C. 57-48, ofC. Fabius, B.C. 57-56, P. Lentulus, B.C. 56-53, Appius Claudius Pulcher,B.C. 53-51, M. Tullius Cicero, B.C. 51-50, and of C. Fannius, Pontifex,Praetor, B.C. 49-48, with local magistrates’ names usually accompaniedby a patronymic. On the coins of classes ii and iii the adjunct symbolis the double-flute of Marsyas. Lentulus, Pulcher, and Cicero were Pro-consuls of Cilicia, to which province a portion of Phrygia was temporarilyattached.The autonomous bronze coins of Apameia range from B.C. 133-48, andare of four types :
These four denominations are contemporary with one another, andbear magistrates’ names in nominative or genitive case with patronymic:some of the names are identical with those on the cistophori. Forillustrations see B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. X.Quasi-autonomous and Impe-rial—Augustus to Saloninus. Inscr., ΑΠΑΜΕΩΝ, or rarely ΑΠΑ-ΜΕΙC, ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΦΡΥΓΙΑC, and, later, ΑΠΑΜЄΩΝ.Magistrates—Marius Cordus and M. Vettius Niger, Proconsuls of Asia under Nero,and M. Plancius Varus under Vespasian, A. D. 79. Local magistrates—Names at first in nominative case, but from Nero in genitive, withεπι,επιμ[εληεντος], orπαρα under Commodus, and again, usually, from timeof Gordian, when the magistrate is a Panegyriarch. The following titlesare sometimes added : Agonothetes, Hippikos, Asiarch, Grammateus,Panegyriarch, Archiereus. For list of names see B. M. C.,Phr.,pp. xxxviff.Chief types—ΜΑΡCΥΑC playing double flute; ΜΑΡCΥΑCseated in grotto with packing chests around him. Inscr., ΚΙΒΩΤΟΙΑΠΑΜЄΩΝ; Zeus (Kelaineus) seated; ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ standing; Athenastanding, or seated playing double flute, her face reflected in the watersof a fountain, and, on a lofty rock above her, the satyr Marsyas in attitudeof astonishment; Aphrodite standing; Chest or ark (κιβωτος) inscribedΝΩЄ, floating on water and containing two figures, and in front the samepair, a man and a woman, and, on the top, a raven (?), and above it a doveflying with a branch in her beak (Fig. 313). This type is probably copiedfrom some painting in the city delineating the myth which localized theresting-place of Noah’s ark on the mountain behind Apameia (Ramsay,
Alliance coins with Ephesus, under Philip Sen. (B. M. C.,Phr.,Pl. LI. 2).
Appia (Abia), on the north road from Acmoneia to Cotiaëum, aboutthirty miles north of Acmoneia, and the same distance south of Cotiaëum.Its territory comprised the valley of the upper Tembris, north-east ofMount Dindymus. Autonomous bronze, second or first century B.C.Inscr., ΑΠΙΑΝΩΝ,obv. Head of Kybele,rev. Zeus aëtophoros seated(Imh.,Kl. M., i. p. 214).Quasi-autonomous andImperial—Nero toPhilip and Otacilia. Inscr., ΑΠΠΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names fromTrajan, and titles, Strategos with ΑΙΤΗ[CΑΜЄΝΟΥ] (seep. 662); Gram-
Beudus Vetus. SeePalaeobeudus.
Bria, between Eumeneia and Sebaste, at the foot of theBurgas Dagh.Quasi-autonomous and Imperial only in time of S. Severus and family.Inscr., ΒΡΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Strategos.Types: Head of Sarapisrev. Isis; Head of Athena,rev. Hermes standing; The Dioskuri besidetheir horses; Tyche; &c. (B. M. C.,Phr., p. xli and Pl. XIII).
Bruzus (Kara-Sandukli) was the most northerly of a group of fivecities (the Phrygian Pentapolis) occupying the valley of the upperGlaucus. The others were Eucarpeia, Otrus, Hieropolis, and Stectorium.Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins—Hadrian (?) to Gordian. Inscr.ΒΡΟΥΖΗΝΩΝ. Dedicatory issues with ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ in the time ofHadrian (?), Severus, and Caracalla, but no magistrates’ names on latercoins.Chief types—Zeus enthroned, in one instance with two serpent- footed Giants beneath (Imh.,Kl. M., i. Pl. VII. 17); Zeus seated intemple; or with Hera standing before him; City-goddess standing;Hekate with two torches on globe; Demeter in serpent-car; Asklepiosand Hygieia; Poseidon; &c. Also busts of City, ΒΡΟVΖΟC, ΔΗΜΟC,and ΒΟVΛΗ (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XIV. 1-7).
Alliance coin withOcocleia struck at the latter place under Com-modus (N. C., 1892, Pl. XVI. 18).
Cadi (Gediz), near the sources of the Hermus at the foot of MountDindymus, in the district called Abbaïtis in Phrygia Epictetus. Quasi- autonomous—Head of young Herakles,rev. ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ Lion walking(B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XIV. 9) or Apollo standing leaning on stele (Imh.,Kl. M., p. 247, No. 1); &c. AlsoImperial—Claudius to Gallienus.Inscr., ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates withεπι, Stephanephoros (time ofClaudius), Archon or First Archon from Hadrian onwards.Games—CЄΒΑCΤΑ ΟΜΟΒΩΜΙΑ (Elagabalus and Treb. Gallus) and ΑΥΓΟΥ-CΤЄΙΑ (Gallienus).Chief types—Zeus Lydios or Laodikeus; ArtemisEphesia; both deities sometimes in temples; The Capitoline Triad—Zeus, Hera, and Athena; Two Nemeses; Kybele; Demeter; Dionysos;Athena; Hermes; Asklepios and Hygieia; Apollo; Artemis; River-godЄΡΜΟC; Roma seated; &c. Also busts of CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ,ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, ΒΑCΙΛЄΥC ΜΙΔΑC Bust of King Midas, &c.(B. M. C.,Phr., Pls. XIV, XV).
Alliance coins withAezanis (seesupra,p. 664), struck at the latterplace.
Ceretapa (Kayadibi) in southern Phrygia, on the bank of a small lakeabout twenty miles south-east of Colossae.Quasi-autonomous andImperial coins—Ant. Pius, Commodus, S. Severus, and Caracalla, &c.Inscr., ΚЄΡЄΤΑΠЄΩΝ ΔΙΟΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ or ΚЄΡЄΤΑΠЄΩΝ. Magis-trate’s name with patronymic, under Commodus withπαρα, underSeverus, &c., with title Strategos without preposition.Chief types—
Cibyra. This city, near the sources of the Indus in southernPhrygia, bordering upon Lycia, was not incorporated into the Romanprovince of Asia until B.C. 84. After the defeat of Antiochus, B.C. 190,Cibyra gained or retained its independence as the chief city ofa confederation of four towns, Cibyra, Balbura, Bubon, and Oenoanda,constituting the Cabalian Tetrapolis. Cibyra struck silver tetradrachmsand drachms of the Cistophoric standard, and bronze coins which appearto belong to the period 166 to 84 B.C. They often bear names in thenominative case at full length, or more commonly abbreviated or inmonogram. It has been thought that these names are those of dynastsof the Cibyratis, on the ground that one of them, Moagetes, is identicalwith the name of the last dynast, who was dispossessed by the Romansin B.C. 84; but it would seem that the names on the coins are far toonumerous to be those of reigning dynasts (see B. M. C.,Phr., p. xlvi).
The types are as follows:—
| Helmeted male head. [Imh.,Kl. M., i. Pl. VIII. 6.] | ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Naked rider with lanceor lance and shield, names ΜΟΑ-ΓΕΤΗ[Σ] or ΠΑΠΗΣ. AR Dr. 53-50 grs. |
| Id. [Imh.,Kl. M. 251, andMon. gr. 395.] | Similar, but horseman wears cuirassand helmet. Numerous names, usuallyabbreviated or in mon. and variousadjunct symbols. AR Tetradr. 196 grs. AR Dr. 47 grs. |
| Helmeted head. | ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Humped bull in incusesquare. Æ .4 |
| Id. | Eagle; Rider; Forepart of horse; &c. Æ .4 |
| Head of Helios. | Humped bull; Forepart of do.; Bust ofhorse. Æ .4 |
| Head of Zeus. | Apollo standing. Æ .4 |
| Heads of the Dioskuri. | Nike erecting trophy. Æ .4 |
| Female head. | ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Rose. Æ .4 |
For other varieties see Imhoof (op. cit., andZur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,p. 156).
A few of the bronze coins are dated either from the era of Asia,B.C. 134-133, or from the Sullan era, B.C. 84. The next era ofCibyra dates from A.D. 24, as is proved by a coin of Elagabalus (Imh.,Kl. M., 253).
Quasi-autonomous andImperial— Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr.
Alliance coins with Ephesus under Sev. Alex., and with Hierapolisunder M. Aurelius and Faustina.
Cidyessus, in theSitchanli Ova, some thirty miles east of Siocharax.Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins-Domitian to Otacilia. Inscr.,on obverse, ΚΙΔΥΗΣΣΕΙΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΑ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟΝ, or, onreverse, ΚΙΔΥΗCCЄΩΝ. Magistrates’ names withεπι—Archiereus, FirstArchon, or Logistes.Types—Zeus seated; Kybele seated; Athenastanding; Mên (?) standing before seated Zeus, altar between them;Dionysos standing, with panther at his feet and small figure of Panbehind him; Bust of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; &c. (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XIX.1-3).
Colossae, on the Lycus, about twelve miles above Laodiceia. Auto-nomous—of the second or first century B.C.Obv., Head of Zeus,rev., ΚΟ-ΛΟΣΣΗΝΩΝ Winged fulmen (Sir H. Weber Coll.).Quasi-autonomousandImperial—Aelius Caesar to Gallienus (?). Inscr., ΚΟΛΟCCΗΝΩΝ(rarely ΚΟΛΟCCΗΝΟΙC ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄΝ). Magistrates from Aelius Caes.to Caracalla, with or without titles—Grammateus, Archon, Strategos,Stephanephoros, &c.; and, on coins of Commodus, CΤΡΑΤΗΓ. ΤΩΝ ΠЄΡΙΖΩCΙΜΟΝ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΑ (Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 158).The coins appear to be all dedicatory.Chief types—River-god ΛΥΚΟCrecumbent; Wolf, symbol of R. Lycus; Artemis huntress; ArtemisEphesia; Artemis in biga of stags; Athena; Leto with infants; ZeusLaodikeus; Helios; Demeter; Sarapis; Isis; Asklepios and Hygieia;also busts of ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; Helios; Mên; Athena; Sarapis; &c.(B. M. C.,Phr., p. xlix, and Pl. XIX. 4-9).
Cotiaëum (Koutaya), on the upper Tembris, about thirty miles northof Appia on the north road from Acmoneia to Dorylaëum. Quasi- autonomous and Imperial coins, Tiberius to Gallienus. Inscr., ΚΟ-ΤΙΑΕΙΣ ΡΩΜΗΝ or ΣΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ and, later, ΚΟΤΙΑЄΩΝ. Magis-trates—ΕΠΙ ΜΑΡΚΟΥ ΛΕΠΙΔΟΥ M. Aemilius Lepidus, Proconsul ofAsia, A.D. 21-22, and Μ. CΚΑΠΛΑ ΑΝΘ., M. Scapula, Proconsul underTrajan (Hunter, ii. 483). Local magistrates withεπι, with or without
Chief types—Kybele seated, often in lion-car, the lions sometimessupporting on their heads an agonistic table; Helios in quadriga, orstanding with seated statuette of Kybele on his arm; Herakles with samestatuette, or with infant Telephos, or in the garden of the Hesperides;Zeus seated; Apollo seated, or standing before tripod; Artemis Ephesia;Asklepios and Hygieia; &c. Also heads of Roma (ΡΩΜΗΝ), Synkletos(ΣVΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ), and ΔΗΜΟC (B. M. C.,Phr., Pls. XX-XXII).
Alliance coins with Ephesus. ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ΠΡΟΟ ЄΦЄCΙΟVC (Cara-calla). City of Cotiaëum represented by Kybele seated before ArtemisEphesia and crowned by Tyche (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. LI. 6).
Diocleia (Doghla), in the country of the Moxeani, stood in a well- watered valley on the road from Acmoneia to Eucarpeia.
Imperial coins, of Elagabalus only. Inscr., ΔΙΟΚΛЄΑΝΩΝ ΜΟΖЄ-ΑΝΩΝ.Types—Apollo standing between tripod and column, on whichhe supports his lyre (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXII. 7; cf. Hirsch,Auct. Cat.xiii. 4116); Demeter standing (Z. f. N., xvi. 8).
Dionysopolis occupied a fertile district on the south bank of the upperMaeander, by which its territory was separated from theκοινον of theHyrgaleis (Ramsay,C. and B., 126;J. H. S., iv. 374 ff, x. 216 ff.;Reinach, Chron. d'Or., i. 497. 4). According to Steph. Byz. it was foundedby Eumenes II (B.C. 197-159) and Attalus II (B.C. 159-138) of Pergamumon the spot where aζοανον of Dionysos had been found. Autonomous Æof second or first century B.C.Obv. Head of young Dionysos in ivy- wreath,rev. ΔΙ°ΝΥΣ Bunch of grapes (B. M.).Obv. Bust of youngDionysos in ivy-wreath with thyrsos at shoulder,rev. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟ, Dio-nysos standing wearing himation, holding thyrsos and grapes overpanther. Magistrate’s name with patronymic as on contemporarycoins of Apameia.Quasi-autonomous andImperial coins, Tiberiusto Maesa. Inscr., ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ, ΔΙΟΝΥCΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ.Magistrates’ names in nominative with patronymic under Tiberius.In time of Severus and Caracalla with title Strategos (CΤΡΑΤΗ-ΓΟΥΝΤΟC), and dedicatory coins by ΧΑΡΗC Β ΙЄΡЄΥC ΔΙΟΝΥCΟΥ,with ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄΝ. On coins of Elagabalus Maesa, and Annia Faus-tina, struck A.D. 221-2, the date
. Ο = year 70, occurs. This pointsto the year A.D. 152-3 as the era from which Dionysopolis reckonedits years. Antoninus Pius may have inaugurated some festival therein that year. Cf. similar dated coins of the Hyrgaleis and ofLaodiceia (Imh.,Kl. M., 222).Chief types (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXIII)—Dionysos enthroned or standing, sometimes between Zeus Laodikeusand Asklepios, or between the Apollo of Hierapolis and Asklepios;Demeter (?) veiled to front holding in each hand a torch, beside her,Telesphoros (J. H. S., iv. 161); Asklepios and Telesphoros, Cista mys-tica with serpent; Zeus Laodikeus; Kybele seated; Artemis Ephesia;Hermes; Rider-god with double-axe; River-god ΜЄΑΝΔΡΟC; alsoheads of ΖЄΥC ΠΟΤΗΟC, epithet elsewhere unknown; ΠΟΛΙC, City- goddess; Sarapis; Seilenos; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; andΔΗΜΟC. The Rider-god with the double-axe is a type common tomany towns in Lydia and Phrygia (B. M. C.,Lyd., p. cxxviii).
Docimeium (Ichje Kara-hissar), lay in a gorge of the river Dureius,an affluent of the Caÿstrus about twenty miles north-east of Prymnessuson the road leading to Amorium. It was a Macedonian town foundedby a certain Dokimos, perhaps the general who surrendered Synnadato Lysimachus, B.C. 302.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Claudius to Tranquillina.Inscr., ΔΟΚΙΜΕΩΝ or ΔΟΚΙΜЄΩΝ ΜΑΚЄΔΟΝΩΝ.Magistrates—Anthypatos, ΕΠΙ ΚΟΡΒΟΥΛΩΝΟΣ ΑΝΘΥ, prob. Cn. Domitius Corbulo,Procos. of Asia, A.D. 51 or 52, who was put to death by order of Neroat Cenchreae, A.D. 67. Local Magistrate. Strategos, with additional titleFirst Archon, on coin of Verus only (Mion. iv. 516). No other Magis-trates’ names.Chief types—Kybele standing to front between twolions; Kybele riding on lion; Kybele standing beside Mount Persis(Jahrbuch Arch. Inst., iii. 295); Dionysos naked to front, betweensmall satyr and Eros (Imh.,Kl. M., Pl. VII. 20); Two naked mencontending with lion at foot of a cultus-statue or trophy (?), probablya reminiscence of the bronze group dedicated by Krateros at Delphiin memory of his rescue of Alexander from the attack of a lion (Plut.Alex. 40; but see Imh.,Kl. M., 224, according to whose descriptionthe men are rescuing a woman from the lion). Mount ΠЄΡCΙC; River- god [Δ]ΟΥΡЄΙΟC; Apollo naked with tripod beside him; Athena;Artemis holding two torches; Hermes; Asklepios; Telesphoros; &c.Also heads of ΔΟΚΙΜΟC, the oekist; Herakles; Hermes; Pan; ΙΕΡΑCΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; &c. For illustrations see B. M. C.,Phr.,Pl. XXIV. The famous quarries of the marble known as Docimean andSynnadean were in Mount Persis.
Alliance coins withEphesus, ΕΦΕCΙΩΝ ΔΟΚΙΜΕΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ(Gordian) (Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 148).
Dorylaëum (Eski-shehr), the most northern town in Phrygia, on theriver Tembris (Radet,En Phrygie, 80; Imh.,Kl. M., 225). Imperialcoins, Vespasian to Philip Jun. Inscr., ΔΟΡΥΛΑΕΩΝ.Magistrate—Anthypatos, ΙΤΑΛΙΚΩ ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ, Ti. Catius C. Silius Italicus,Procos. of Asia shortly after A.D. 77. Local Magistrates, Archon, orFirst Archon and Stephanephoros, in genitive case withεπι.
Chief types—Kybele; Hades; Dionysos; River god (Tembris); Zeus,on one coin of Trajan with epithet ΜΕΛΗΝΟC (Imh.,l. c. This is theZeus of Mela, and points to a close connexion between Dorylaëum andMela in Bithynia); Nemesis; Thanatos with reversed torch; Two drapedfigures carrying spears and sacrificing before altar over which an eaglehovers, perhaps Dorylaos and Akamas as founders (cf. Radet,op. cit.,p. 165 ff.). The names of two of the archons which occur on coins ofGordian and Philip, Attikos and Timaeos, are met with in lapidaryinscriptions found atEski-Shehr andShehr-E'uyuk. For illustrationssee B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXV.
Epicteteis. SeeAezanis.
Eriza, an unimportant city in the lower Indus valley between Cibyraand Themisonium (Ramsay,C. and B., 253 ff.; Imh.,Kl. M., 226). LikeCibyra it seems to have been autonomous before B.C. 84, and to haveissued a few bronze coins:—Obv. Head of Poseidon(?),rev. ΕΡΙΖΗΝΩΝEagle on fulmen (Z. f. N., x. 56).Obv. Bust of Athena, Magistrate's
Eucarpeia (Emir Hissar) was the chief city in the valley of the PhrygianPentapolis (Ramsay,C. & B., 690).Quasi-autonomous andImperialcoins, Augustus to Volusian. In the time of Augustus, Eucarpeia wasthe only place of mintage in the whole valley, and its coins consequentlybear theinscr. ΕΥΚΑΡΠΙΤΙΚΟΥ, showing that they were current through-out the whole of the Eucarpitic Plain, as the Valley of the upperGlaucus may then have been called. The name ‘Pentapolis’ is quitelate and only occurs twice (Ramsay,l. c. 698). These coins were issuedin the name of ΛΥΚΙΔΑΣ ΕΥΞΕΝΟΥ, probably a Priest, and of ΑΠΦΙΑΙΕΡΗΑ, Priestess apparently of Artemis, whose statue is the prevailingtype at Eucarpeia. The goddess stands to front, holding bow anddrawing arrow from quiver; on her r. is a deer, and on her lefta small cultus-idol of an Asiatic goddess, perhaps Kybele. FromHadrian’s time theinscr. is ЄΥΚΑΡΠЄΩΝ, and coins were struckЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΙCΗC ΠЄΔΙΑC CЄΚΟΥΝΔΗC (Pedia Secunda, doubtlessalso a Priestess), and later under M. Aurelius, ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΝΤΟC Γ.ΚΛ. ΦΛΑΚΚΟΥ (Flaccus, probably a Priest), or ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ Π. ΚΛ.ΜΑΞ. ΜΑΡΚЄΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ (Marcellianus, the official on whose specialrequest an issue of coins may have been authorized, cf. Ramsay,l. c.,693). Other types—Kybele standing with hand resting on lion’s head;Hermes with ram; Poseidon; Eucarpeia, city-goddess, seated holdingears of corn; Bucranium surmounted by crescent and two stars; Templeof Tyche, &c., also heads of ЄΥΚΑΡΠЄΙΑ. ΔΗΜΟC, ΒΟΥΛΗ. Dionysos,Hermes, &c. For illustrations see B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXVI.
Eumeneia (Ishekli) was a Pergamene city founded by Attalus IIB.C. 159-138 as a counterpoise to the neighbouring Peltae, a Seleucidstronghold. He named it after his brother Eumenes. The territoryof Eumeneia comprised the rich plain between the lower Glaucus andits junction with the upper Maeander, in the midst of which stood, atAttanassos, the hieron of an old Phrygian god (Ramsay,C. & B., 356).Its earliest coins are autonomous bronze of the second century B.C. Inscr.,ΕΥΜΕΝΕΩΝ.Types—Head of Zeus,rev. oak-wreath; Head of Athena,rev. Nike; Head of Dionysos,rev. Tripod between bipennis entwinedby serpent and filleted laurel branch, each surmounted by star, mostly withmagistrates’ names in genitive case with patronymic. After an intervalof about half a century coins were struck, probably at Eumeneia, underthe name ofFulvia, which appears to have been imposed upon it fora very brief time in honour of the wife of M. Antony (ob. B.C. 40).Obv. Portrait of Fulvia as Nike winged,rev. ΦΟΥΛΟΥΙΑΝΩΝ ΖΜΕΡ-ΤΟΡΙΓΟΣ ΦΙΛΩΝΙΔΟΥ, Athena with spear and shield, or Sameinscr. inivy-wreath (Z. f. N. xvii. 21).Quasi-autonomous andImperial coins wereissued from the time of Tiberius to that of Gallienus. Inscr., ΕΥΜΕΝΕΩΝand later ЄΥΜЄΝЄΩΝ ΑΧΑΙΩΝ, showing that some of the influentialfamilies claimed an Achaean ancestry.Magistrates—Tiberius to Nero
Under Domitian the name is in the genitive case accompanied byЄΙCΑΝΓЄΙΛΑΝΤΟC and ΑΡΧΙ. ΑCΙΑC, which is supposed to meanthat the coin was issued ‘on the presentation of a report by’ the chiefpriest (seesupra,p. 662). After Domitian the few names which occur arepreceded byεπι. Titles—αρχιερευς, under Philip, andαγωνοθετης, underVolusian. Games (according to Sestini,Lett., ix. 61)—ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦΙΑ,on coin of Gallienus.Chief types—Naked Apollo holding double-axeand raven; the Rider-god with double-axe (cf. similar divinities atThyatira); Zeus standing; Artemis Ephesia; Apollo and Dionysos incar drawn by goat and pantheress, on the goat’s back sits Eros playingthe double flute; Nike sacrificing bull; River-god ΓΛΑΥΚΟC; &c.Also heads of Hermes, Dionysos, ЄΥΜЄΝЄΙΑ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC,ΔΗΜΟC, &c. It will be seen from the above notes that the coinage ofEumeneia is chiefly of a sacerdotal character. No purely municipaltitles occur. For illustrations see B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXVII.
Flaviopolis. SeeTemenothyrae.
Fulvia. SeeEumeneia.
Grimenothyrae orFlavia Grimenothyrae. The Grimenothyreis werea people inhabiting the region between Temenothyrae (Ushak) andKeramon Agora on the upper Sindrus near Acmoneia. Their two citieswere Flavia Grimenothyrae and Trajanopolis, some four miles to the southof it. Grimenothyrae dates from the time of Domitian, Trajanopolis,a more convenient site (Charik-keui), from that of Trajan (Imhoof,Festschrift für O. Benndorf, p. 204). The coins of Grimenothyrae rangefrom Domitian to Hadrian, those of Trajanopolis (q. v.) from Trajan toGordian. Inscr., A coin of Domitian (Imhoof,l. c.) reads ΦΛΑΟΥΙΩΝΓΡΙΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ; those of Trajan and Hadrian ΓΡΙΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝonly; and these latter bear Magistrates’ names withεπι but without titles.Chief types—Zeus seated; Asklepios and Hygieia; Zeus draped standingwith eagle and sceptre; Mên standing; Athena standing; Demeterstanding; Herakles standing holding apple; &c. Also heads of Herakles,Artemis, ΙЄΡΑCΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC,&c. For illustrations see B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXVIII.
Hadrianopolis or Hadrianopolis Sebaste, in the extreme east ofPhrygia Paroreios, some fifteen miles south-east of Philomelium nearDoghan Arslan. According to Ramsay and Anderson, its original nameseems to have been Thymbrion (J. H. S., viii. 491, 48, 49, and xviii. 116 ff.;
1 Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 150, notes the few other instances known to him, inwhich the article is prefixed to the magistrate’s title, e. g.ο αρχιατρος (at Ceramus),ο γραμ-μτευς (at Colossae), andο επιμελητης (at Mastaura).
Hierapolis, the ‘Holy City’ (Pambuk Kalesi), stood on a lofty ridgeoverlooking the wide plain of the Lycus as far as its junction with theMaeander some fifteen miles to the west. The place owed its sanctity toits famous hot springs and its Charonion, believed to be an entrance intothe underworld, from which a mephitic vapour was emitted. Leto theMother-goddess, Apollo-Helios-Lairbenos, and other native Phrygiandivinities were also revered at Hierapolis.
Its earliest coins are autonomous bronze of the second century B.C.reading ΙΕΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ. The form ΙΕΡΑΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ dates only fromthe time of Augustus. The types of the autonomous coins are,obv. Headof Apollo,rev. Goddess Roma (?) holding Nike, and seated on threeshields; also,obv. Head of Zeus,rev. Apollo Kitharoedos;obv. Lyre,rev. Omphalos. Monogram or Magistrate’s name in nominative case.Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Augustus to Valerian. Inscr.,after Claudius, ΙЄΡΑΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ, with addition, sometimes, of ΝЄΩ-ΚΟΡΩΝ from time of Elagabalus. Roman Magistrates, ΦΑΒΙΟΣ ΜΑΞΙ-ΜΟΣ, Procos., B.C. 5, with his portrait, and ΜΑΡΚЄΛ. ΑΝΘΥ. (ClodiusEprius Marcellus, Procos., A. D. 70-73, cf. alsoLaodiceia). MunicipalMagistrates, in nominative case, usually with patronymic, and occa-sionally with titles,Φιλοπατρις, Γραμματευς δημου, Γραμματευς. Magistrates’names do not occur regularly after the reign of Nero,[1] and the only coinsof Hierapolis after the time of Philip seem to be alliance coins withEphesus and Smyrna of the time of Valerian.
Chief types. (i) Before Trajan—Lyre; Tripod; Apollo Kitharoedos;Bipennis surmounted by head of Helios and with serpent round handle;Rider-god with bipennis; Demeter (?) seated; Zeus Laodikeus; Templeof the Augustan cult, with ΓΕΝΕΙ ΣΕΒΑCΤΩΝ. (ii) After Trajan—Artemis Ephesia; Athena and Hermes face to face; Athena Nikephoros;Apollo Kitharoedos; Rider-god with bipennis; Herakles standing; Twocloaked figures, each with spear, sacrificing before lighted altar (cf.Dory-laëum under Gordian); Rape of Kore; ΜΟΨΟC and ΤΟΡΡΗΒΟC, the pro-phet and the priest, the former with the bow and laurel-branch of the godApollo, the latter holding cultus-image of the Phrygian goddess, andleaning on a lyre, referring to the introduction by him of the Lydianmusic into the ritual ceremony of the goddess (Ramsay,C. & B., 88); ΘЄΑ
1 Mion. iv. 630 and S. vii. 378, 391 are untrustworthy.
Games—The strictly Hierapolitan Games were the ΠVΘΙΑ from thetime of Caracalla; the ΑΚΤΙΑ in connexion with the Neocory (Elaga-balus and Philippus); the ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ (Philippus); and ΤΑ ΠΑΡΑ ΤΩΧΡVCΟΡΟΑ (Annia Faustina). On the numerous alliance coins othergames are also mentioned in combination with the ΠVΘΙΑ of Hierapolis,e. g. Π and Χ, each in wreath, for ΠVΘΙΑ and ΧΡVCΑΝΘΙΝΑ (Hierapolisand Sardes); Π and Є for ΠVΘΙΑ and ЄΦЄCΙΑ or Π and Ο for ΠVΘΙΑand ΟΛVΜΠΙΑ (Hierapolis and Ephesus); ΠVΘΙΑ and ΚΟΙΝΑ ΑCΙΑC(Hierapolis and Smyrna), &c. (See v. Papen inZ. f. N., xxvi, pp. 161-82.)
Alliance coins. Alliance coins were struck at Hierapolis apparentlyon five distinct occasions. (i) Under Hadrian, alliance with Laodiceiaand reciprocally at Laodiceia with Hierapolis. (ii) Under M. Aurelius,Verus, and Faustina, alliances with Cibyra (coins struck there), Ephesus,and Synnada. (iii) Under Commodus, alliances with Ephesus, Sardes.,and Aphrodisias. (iv) Under the Philips, alliances with Ephesus, Smyrna,Sardes, Pergamum, and Cyzicus, often with heads of Lairbenos, Syn-kletos, &c., instead of the Imperial portrait. (v) Under Valerian, alli-ances with Ephesus and Smyrna.
The evidence for an alliance coin with Ceretapa (Eckhel,D. N., iii.157) rests only on the doubtful authority of Vaillant.
For illustrations see B. M. C.,Phr., Pls. XXIX-XXXII, and Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 151 sqq.
Hieropolis was the old religious centre of the Glaukos valley ofwhich Eucarpeia was the commercial capital. During nearly allof the first century A. D. Eucarpeia provided currency for the wholevalley (seesupra,p. 673). Hieropolis began to coin apparently onlyunder Nerva, and its coinage does not extend beyond the time of Elaga-balus. Inscr., ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. In the time of M. Aurelius, Verus,and Faustina Jun. the coins were issued in the name of an Asiarch,ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΝΤΟC ΚΛ. ΠΩΛΛΙΩΝΟC ΑCΙΑΡΧΟΥ. No other magis-trates’ names occur. The chief types are Nike wingless or winged;Zeusβροντων naked, hurling fulmen or holding eagle, sometimes with asecond eagle at his feet and with aegis hanging over his extended arm;Kybele seated; Demeter standing before altar; Hades-Sarapis seatedwith Kerberos, and sometimes with Isis standing before him; Artemisrunning; Artemis Ephesia; Asklepios; Mên; Two stars in crescentabove the horns of a bucranium, one above the other, connected by avertical line (cf. coins ofEucarpeia,Peltae, andStectorium); Tyche; &c.
1 Concerning these names see Ramsay,C. & B., 627, 637, and Imh.,Lyd. Stadtm., 108, 182.2 On the derivation of this word see Ramsay,C. & B., 153.
Hydrela is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., 172) on the left bank of theMaeander opposite Tripolis. The territory of the Hydrelitae comprisedthe lower plain of the Lycus including originally Hierapolis, whichgradually superseded Hydrela and rose to be the religious centre of thedistrict, while Hydrela sank into the position of a small city of littleimportance. Its earliest coinage dates from the first century B.C.Obv.Bust of Artemis.Rev. Mên standing (Brit. Mus.). Inscr., ΥΔΡΗΛΙ-ΤΩΝ.
There are also a fewquasi-autonomous and Imperial coins. Inscr.,ΥΔΡΗΛΕΙΤΩΝ, one of Augustus (or young Nero ?) with magistrate'sname in nominative, ΕΥΘΥΔΩΡΟΣ (Imh.,Kl. M., 245) and severaldedicatory coins of Hadrian’s time with ΑΠЄΛΛΑC ΑΘΗΝΑΓΟΡΟΥΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ.Types—Mên on horse; Hera standing before Zeus Laodi-keus and Athena (a modification of the Capitoline Triad, cf. Imhoof,Kl. M., i. 121, 266, 272); Hermes standing; Dionysos standing; ApolloKitharistes; Lion and Star; Club, bow-case, and quiver. Also Heads ofAthena, Sarapis, and ΔΗΜΟC, some certainly much later than Hadrian'stime (Millingen,Syll., 73). For illustrations see B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Hyrgaleis. These people occupied part of the modernChal-ova in thebend of the upper Maeander between the territory of Dionysopolison the west and the plain of Peltae on the east. The townshipsin the Hyrgalean Plain formed a single federation orκοινον. Thereare several ancient sites in the plain, but the place of mintage wasprobably Lounda.Quasi-autonomous andImperial coins, AntoninusPius to Sev. Alexander. Inscr., VΡΓΑΛΛЄΩΝ, and more com-monly VΡΓΑΛЄΩΝ. [1]Magistrates—Ant. Pius to Domna and Cara-calla in genitive withεπι, and title Archon or Strategos (Imhoof, Zurgr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 154;Z. f. N., xvii. 22;Invent. Wadd., 367).Apollodotus, one of the Strategoi of whom coins are known, has also lefta lapidary inscription dedicated to Ant. Pius, on which he records, asthe climax of his own services, the fact that he had struck coins(κοψας και νομισματα). (See Macdonald inClass.Rev., 1907, p. 58.)The Hyrgaleis seem to have issued a great many coins in the yearA.D. 222, when Severus Alexander became emperor. These are alldatedΤϚ (= 306 from the Lydo-Phrygian or Sullan era, B.C. 85-84),and are without magistrates’ names. The chief types of the Hyrgaleancoins are Rider-god with double-axe and hound (Z. f. N.,l. c.); ZeusLaodikeus; Kybele enthroned; Demeter standing; River-god ΜΑΙΑΝ-ΔΡΟC; Mên standing; Apollo and Artemis face to face, with stagbetween them; Hermes; Isis; Dikaiosyne; Tyche. Also Heads ofDionysos, Sarapis, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, veiledand diademed as on coins of the neighbouring Dionysopolis, &c. (Imhoof,Gr. M., 216;Kl. M., 246; Ramsay,C. & B., 129). For illustrations seeB. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Iulia (Ipsus). This old Phrygian town, renamed Julia in early Impe-rial times, was probably at or near the modernIshakli (Anderson,
1 Ramsay (C. & B. 129) mentions a coin of Domna withinscr. VΡΓΑΛЄΩΝΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ(=κοινον).
Laodiceia ad Lycum was a stronghold of Seleucid power and influencefounded by Antiochus II (B.C. 261-246), and named in honour of hiswife Laodice. An older city on the same site was called Diospolis orRhoas. The territory of Laodiceia included a great part of the Lycusvalley, and was bounded by the two streams Lykos and Kapros, personifiedon its coins by a Wolf and a Boar. Its earliest coins are cistophori.These fall into three classes:—(i) B.C. 189-133, ΛΑΟ; symbols, Wolf andHead of city; Wolf and Lyre; Head of city goddess, Aphrodite orLaodice. (ii) After B.C. 133, ΛΑΟ, and Magistrates’ names in genitiveor (later) in nominative with patronymic; constant symbol, Caduceus.(iii) Proconsular Cistophori of T. Ampius, B.C. 58-57; C. Fabius,B.C. 57-56; P. Lentulus, P. f., Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 56-53, and Impera-tor; Ap. Pulcher, Ap. f., Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 53-51, and Imperator;M. Tullius, M. f. Cicero, Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 51-50, and Imperator;and of C. Fannius, Pontifex, B.C. 49-48; with local magistrate’s nameand patronymic; symbol, caduceus (cf. similar classes atApameia).
The autonomous bronze coins of Laodiceia probably began about thesame time as the earliest cistophori. Inscr., ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ.Types—Turreted head of goddess,rev. Lion seated; Head of Zeus,rev. Lotusflower; Head of Aphrodite,rev. Aphrodite seated, holding dove; orAphrodite standing, holding dove with rose before her. The followingare of later date, after B.C. 133:—Head of Aphrodite or Queen Laodice,wearing stephane and diadem,rev. Cornucopiae, double or single, thelatter usually accompanied by a caduceus; Head of Apollo (?),rev.Tripod. The latest autonomous coins bear the mon.
, perhapsyear 21 of the Sullan era (= B.C. 63), or else a proper name(ЄΚΑΤ.... (?)).Types—Head of Zeus,rev. Cornucopiae with eagle onit; Head of Dionysos,rev. Cista mystica between Caps of Dioskuri;Running boar,rev. Wolf. (River-gods Kapros and Lykos.) My sugges-tion that the female head wearing stephane and diadem(?) may bea traditional portrait of Queen Laodice, and not merely an ideal head ofAphrodite, though hypothetical, is, I think, warranted by the edictof Antiochus II (B. C. H., 1885, 324 ff.) conferring upon Laodice divinehonours and appointing High Priestesses for her special cult in thevarious satrapies of his dominions.
Thequasi-autonomous and Imperial coins of Laodiceia range fromAugustus to Trajan Decius. Inscr., ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΩΝ, or, from the time ofCaracalla, often ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΩΝ ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ.Magistrates—Anthypatos
In the time of Commodus Laodiceia received the title Neokoros, andby a decree of the Senate at a later date the name of Elagabalus [1] wasassociated with that of Commodus, ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ ΚΟΜΟΔΟΥ ΚЄΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟΥ ΔΟΓΜΑΤΙ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΥ.
The Games at Laodiceia mentioned on coins are the ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΙΑΚΟΜΟΔЄΙΑ, the ΚΟΙΝΑ ΑCΙΑC, and the ΑCΚΛΗΠЄΙΑ (Z. f. N.,xiv. 122).
Dates. Some of the coins of Caracalla and Sev. Alexander bear thedates 88 and 108, which point to an era in Hadrian’s reign, eitherA.D. 123 or 130, in both of which years he visited Laodiceia (Imh.,Kl. M., 272).
Among the chief types of the coins of Laodiceia are the followingheads or busts—ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΒΟVΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC;ΛΑΟΔΙΚΗΑ and ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΙΑ; CΥΝЄΔΡΙΟΥ ΝЄΩΝ [2], bust of the Sy-nedrion of young citizens, with two staves (?) at his back; ΖЄΥC ΑCЄΙC;Mên; &c. The principal reverse-types are—Lion or Panther seated,with double-axe over shoulder; Zeus Laodikeus standing draped inlong chiton, holding an eagle and resting on his sceptre; Aphroditedraped standing; Altar surmounted by head-dress of Isis, or by maskof Seilenos; Infant Ploutos on cornucopiae; Artemis Ephesia; Hadeswith Kerberos; Wolf and Boar (River-gods Lykos and Kapros); ZeusΑCЄΙC carrying infant, with goat beside him; Pantheistic Tyche (Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 161); Gymnasiarch (?) with vase at his feetcontaining vexillum; Aphrodite naked to front, dressing her hair, betweenEros and dolphin; the three Charites; Hekate triformis; City-goddessstanding between Wolf and Boar, and holding phiale and statuette ofZeus Laodikeus (Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 161); or Lykosand Kapros recumbent in human form; Hera standing before Zeus and
1 Not Caracalla, see Imh.,Kl. M., 274.2 Cf. coins ofHeracleia Salbace in Caria.
Alliance coins in time ofNero with Smyrna;Hadrian with Hiera-polis;M. Aurelius with Smyrna, Ephesus, Pergamum, and Adra-myteum (?) (Mion. iv. 749 after Vaillant);Commodus with Ephesus andNicomedia;Caracalla with Ephesus, Smyrna, and Pergamum;PhilipJun. with Ephesus and Smyrna. Alliance coins with Laodiceia werealso issued at Hierapolis, Smyrna, Perinthus (?) (Mion. iv. 752), Antiocheiaad Maeandrum (?) (after Vaillant), also at Tripolis and at HeracleiaSalbace (Invent. Wadd., 2424).
Leonna orLeonnaea is conjecturally placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 597)atHissar, five miles north of Sebaste in the plain of the Sindrus (?) (theBanaz-Ova) west of theBurgas Dagh. The only known coin is of thesecond century B.C. and is figured by Imhoof (Kl. M., Pl. IX. 7).Obv.Turreted female head.Rev. ΛΕΟΝΝΑΙΤΩΝ, Lion seated on spear-headholding broken shaft of spear in raised l. fore-paw. The seated lionoccurs on contemporary coins of Peltae.
Lysias, according to Ramsay (C. & B., 754) and Anderson (J. H. S.,xviii. 107 ff.), probably founded by a general of Seleucus or Antiochusthe Great and named after himself, lay on the great trade-route fromApameia north-east to the Paroreios, in the plain calledOinan-Ovasome five miles west of the head of L. Limnae (Hoiran Göl). Theknown coins seem to have been struck on two occasions only, once byFlavius Attalus (M. Aurelius and Commodus) and once again underGordian with contemporaryquasi-autonomous issues. Inscr., ΛΥC Ι Α-ΔЄΩΝ.Magistrate—επι Φλα. ‘Ατταλου.Types—Heads of ΒΟΥΛΗ,ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, and ΔΗΜΟC. Reverses, Dionysos standing; Hekate tri-formis; Demos standing; Kybele seated; Tyche; Emperor on horse-back (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXXVIII).
Metropolis. There were two cities of this name in Phrygia and onein Ionia, and it is difficult to distinguish between their coins. To thenorthern Metropolis in the Caÿster valley east of Prymnessus no coinscan be certainly attributed, and the only ones that clearly belong tothe southern Metropolis in theChal Ova on the great eastern highwayfrom Apameia to Phrygia Paroreios, are of the time of Philip and TrajanDecius, Etruscilla, Heren. Etruscus, and Hostilian.Quasi-autonomousand Imperial. Inscr., ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ ΦΡΥ. or ΦΡΥΓ. Magistrate,ΠΑΡ. ΑΛЄΞ. ΤΙЄΙΟΥ ΑΡΧ. ΠΡΩ. This Alexander Tieiou, First Archon,is mentioned in an inscription as a leading citizen of the town about A. D.250 (Ramsay,C. & B., 758). The formula withπαρα instead ofεπι occurs
Alliance coin with Sardes (Commodus) (Hirsch,Auct. Cat., xiii. 4145).
Midaëum, in the extreme north of Phrygia on the river Tembris orTembros, takes its name from King Midas. Eckhel,D. N., iii. 168,mentions a coin of Gordian with a head of Midas and inscription ΤΟΝΚΤΙCΤΗΝ. It was situated about eighteen miles east of Dorylaëum onthe road to Pessinus in Galatia. Imperial coins, Augustus to Philip.Inscr., ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ, accompanied sometimes by Magistrates’ names withεπι and title ΠΡ. ΑΡΧ. (First Archon).Chief types—Pan standing;Asklepios; Hygieia; River god, ΤΕΜΒΡΙC or ΤΕΜΒΡΟC; Hades seatedwith Kerberos; Demeter standing; Zeus draped standing with eagle athis feet; Dionysos standing; ΤΥΧΗ ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ, City Tyche seatedbetween two Erotes; Kybele seated. On a coin of Diadumenian in theBritish Museum the inscription is curiously written ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ.Β,which has not been explained, but which I suggest may be intended asa mark of Value, Α Β standing for 2 Assaria; see B. M. C.,Phr., p. 337,note 1.
Nacoleia, now the desolate village ofSidi-el-Ghazi, was in Romantimes a flourishing town situated on the river Parthenius, an affluent ofthe upper Sangarius, some forty miles south of Dorylaëum. It was oncesurrounded by splendid forests, but the country is now bare and arid.Its coins range from Titus to Gordian. Inscr., ΝΑΚΟΛЄΩΝ. Magis-trate, T. Aquillius Proculus, Procos., A. D. 103-104. Sir W. M. Ramsayacquired at Nacoleia a specimen reading ЄΠΙ ΑΚVΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΚΛΟV (Wadd.,Fastes, 171).Types—Zeus seated; Demeter (?) enthroned; Heraklesstanding, with inscription ΤΟΝ ΚΤΙCCΤΗΝ (sic), B. M.; Winged caduceus;Asklepios; Eagle; City-Tyche seated; River ΠΑΡΘЄΝΙΟC; &c. (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XXXIX).
Ococleia. This city is conjecturally placed by Ramsay close to Metro-polis in theChal-Ova, and Imhoof (Kl. M., 280) notes that theobv. die ofone of its coins is identical with that of a coin of the neighbouringLysias. It struckquasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Commodusand Gordian. Inscr., ΟΚΟΚΛΙЄΩΝ. Magistrate, ЄΠΙ ΚΛ. ΚΑΛΩ-ΒΡΟΤΟΥ,obv. ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. The same magistrate is entitledAsiarch on a coin of Crispina belonging to Sir W. M. Ramsay.Types—Zeus seated; Kybele-Demeter standing; Kybele seated; Tyche.
Alliance coin with Bruzus, under Commodus.Type—Kybele-Demeterand Zeus Laodikeus face to face (Num. Chron., 1892, Pl. XVI. 18 (Weber)).See B. M. C.,Phr., Introd. p. lxxxv and Pl. XL.
Otrus was one of the five cities of the Eucarpitic plain in centralPhrygia. It seems to have been situated midway between Eucarpeiaand Hieropolis.Quasi-autonomous andImperial coins with heads of
Palaeobeudos, orBeudos Vetus, seems to have been situated near thenorth end of the Synnadic plain, some eight miles north of Synnada.It appears to have struck coins only under Hadrian. Inscr., ΠΑΛΑΙΟ-ΒЄΥΔΗΝΩΝ. No names of magistrates.Types—Apollo naked, withlyre and laurel-branch; Mên standing; Demeter standing. B. M. C.,Phr.,Pl. XL.
Peltae a Macedonian colony occupying the plain between Loundaand Eumeneia, is one of the cities in Phrygia which coined money in thesecond century, though probably not earlier than 133 B.C.Obv. Bust ofhero in crested helmet with cheek-piece,rev. ΠΕΛΤΗΝΩΝ, Lion seated;obv. Head of Zeus,rev. Winged fulmen;obv. Head of bearded Herakleslaur.,rev. Club with lion-skin over handle.
These pieces bear magistrates’ names in monogram or in abbreviatedform. After a long interval Peltae began again to strike coins, quasi- autonomous and Imperial, Ant. Pius to Volusian. Inscr., ΠЄΛΤΗΝΩΝor ΠЄΛΤΗΝΩΝ ΜΑΚЄΔΟΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Archon or First Archon,Strategos or (on coin of Volusian) Grammateus (Invent. Wadd., 6392)with or withoutεπι.Types—Heads of Herakles; Dionysos; Helios;Athena; Asklepios; City; &c.; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ;ΔΗΜΟC; and Emperors. Among the reverse types the following maybe mentioned: Hermes standing, holding the infant Dionysos (Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., Pl. VII. 1); Apollo standing; Athena Nike-phoros; Kybele to front; Temple of Artemis Ephesia; Artemis huntress;Herakles strangling lion; Asklepios; Hygieia; River ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟC;Emperor on horse; Stag; Bucranium supporting crescent containingtwo stars (cf. coins ofEucarpeia andHieropolis); Tyche; Nike; &c.B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XLI.
Philomelium (Ak-Sheher), in the plain of Phrygia Paroreios, separatedfrom central Phrygia by the lofty range of theSultan Dagh, was probablya Pergamenian outpost on the high road to Iconium. A stream calledthe Gallus (?) flowed through the town northwards towards the Lake ofthe Forty Martyrs, some eight miles north. Philomelium struck auto-nomous coins [2] in the second century B.C., or perhaps rather later.Inscr., ΦΙΛΟΜΗΛΕΩΝ,obv. Bust of Mên with crescent at shoulders,rev. Zeus enthroned. Theobv. of these coins bears a striking resemblanceto that of some coins of Antioch,η προς τη Πισιδια (Strab. 577), about
1 Cf. similar type atStectorium.2 The dated Alexandrine tetradrachms assigned by Müller (1178-1195) to Philomeliumare attributed by Imhoof (Kl. M., 308), with greater probability, to Phaselis.
Prymnessus (Seulun, nearAfium Kara-Hissar) was situated ona small affluent of the Caÿster, some fifteen miles north of Synnada onthe road from that city to Docimeium. The position of the town, at apoint where much frequented trade-routes from south to north and fromeast to west met and crossed one another, must have made Prymnessusa commercial rather than a religious centre of activity, and its prevailingcoin-type, Dikaiosyne with her pair of scales (the Roman Aequitas), isespecially appropriate to an exchange-mart such as this city must havebeen in Roman times.
Its earliest coins are autonomous of the first century B.C.Obv.Turreted head of City,rev. ΠΡΥΜΝΗΣΣΕΩΝ, Hermes standing, withmuch abbreviated magistrates’ names. Its subsequent issues are quasi- autonomous and Imperial, Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr., ΠΡΥΜ-ΝΗCCЄΩΝ or ΠΡΥΜΝΗΣΣΕΙΣ. Magistrates’ names, at first usually innominative case, accompanied sometimes by title, e. g. under Tiberius,‘Αρτας Φιλοπατρις, and‘Ιουκουνδα ιερηα, probably husband and wife, Priestand Priestess. From Nero onwards the names are in genitive withεπιand, occasionally, titles,‘Ιερευς, Archon, Hippikos.Chief types—ΜΙΔΑCor ΒΑCΙΛЄΥC ΜΙΔΑC, Bearded head of King Midas in Phrygian cap;ΘЄΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ;ΔΗΜΟC; Busts of Mên or Sarapis.Reverse types—River-god (Kays-tros (?) ); Scales; Dikaiosyne with scales, standing or seated, sometimesin temple, or on throne supported by two figures of Nike flying, andwith two Erotes riding on Hippocamps in ex. (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XLIII. 2);ZeusΚαρποδοτης (?) (Ramsay,Athenische Mittheilungen, vii. 35) seated;Kybele seated, or standing; Asklepios; Hygieia; Isis; Tyche; &c.
Sebaste (Sivasli) was the most important city on the road fromEumeneia northwards to Acmoneia, which skirted the great plain nowcalled theBanaz Ova, running beneath the foot-hills of theBurgas Daghrange of mountains.Sivasli is still a rich village full of ancient remains,among which is an inscription recording the formation of aΓερουσια. Theplain north ofSivasli is still well-wooded, and is bounded on the westby the riverBanaz Chai, the ancient Senarus, or rather CΙΝΔΡΟC asit is spelt on a coin (B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XLIII. 4). Coins, quasi-auto-nomous and Imperial, were occasionally issued from Augustus to Gordianor later. Inscr., ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates in nominative case tilltime of Severus; later in genitive withεπι and title Archon. Chieftypes—Heads of Dionysos; Mên; Young Herakles; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC.Reverse types—Zeus seated; Kybele seated;Perseus slaying Gorgon, Athena behind him; Mên standing; Dionysosin panther-car; Demeter standing; Bow in case and club; Hygieia;Asklepios; Ganymedes standing holding syrinx and pedum, eagleembracing him; River-god CΙΝΔΡΟC; Emperor (Caracalla (?)) on gal-loping horse; &c.
Alliance coin with Temenothyrae struck at the latter place.
Sibidunda is identified by Anderson (J. H. S., xviii. 104) withAtli- Hissar at the southern extremity of the plain of Synnada, at the pointwhere the road from Synnada to Metropolis enters the hilly countrywhich separates the Synnadic and Metropolitan plains. Imperial coins,M. Aurelius Caesar to Gordian. Inscr., CΙΒΙΔΟΥΝΔЄΩΝ. No namesof magistrates.Types—Zeus seated; Artemis running; Helen standingbetween the Dioskuri, her head surmounted by crescent. This typeoccurs also in Pisidia and Pamphylia (see B. M. C.,Phr., Pl. XLIV;Lycia, Pl. IX. 12, and Introd., p. lvii); Dionysos standing, or in biga ofpanthers; Mên standing. The absence of magistrates’ names on the coinsof Sibidunda suggests a doubt as to whether this city was included inthe province of Asia.
Siblia. This town is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 221 ff.) in the plainof the upper Maeander halfway between Apameia and Eumeneia. Thecoinage,quasi-autonomous and Imperial, extends from Augustus toGeta. Inscr., ΣΙΒΛΙΑΝΩΝ and later CЄΙΒΛΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’names at first in nominative case, and later in genitive withπαρα, e. g.under Caracalla and Geta ΠΑΡΑ ΜΗΝΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΙΛΙΑΝΗC,[1]probably a Priest and Priestess.Chief types—Busts of Mên; ΔΗΜΟC;CЄΙΒΛΙΑ turreted. Reverses—Herakles standing; Herakles strangling
1 Imhoof,Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 168, reads ΜΑΙΑΝΗC.
Siocharax. A town in the hilly country of the Moxeani, in a narrowvalley where two roads met, the northern road from Eumeneia toCotiaëum, and the eastern route through the Caÿster valley (Ramsay,C. & B., i. 632 ff.; Anderson,J. H. S., xvii. 421). The only coin atpresent known belongs to the time of Geta Caesar, and reads ЄΠΙΦΙΛΙCΚΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ ΑΡΧ. CΙΟΧΑΡΑΚЄΙΤΩΝ ΜΟΨЄΑ.Type—Tyche.See B. M. C.,Phr., p. 382, and Pl. XLIV. 9.
Stectorium, the southernmost city of the Phrygian Pentapolis, stoodon the left of the road which runs along the valley from Apameia toHieropolis and Eucarpeia (Ramsay,C. & B., i. 689 ff.). A single autono-mous coin is known (Fox,Gr. Coins, ii. Pl. VIII. 153),obv. Beardedhead,rev. Bow and quiver., Inscr., [Σ]ΤΕΚΤΟΡΗΝΩΝ, which seemsto belong to the first century B.C. (Imhoof,Kl. M., 290). The sub-sequent issues,quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from the timeof M. Aurelius to Philip. Inscr., CΤЄΚΤΟΡΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates,withοιτησαμενου (M. Aurelius and Faustina Jun.), later withεπι,and, in Philip’s time, with addition of‘Ασιαρχου και της πατριδος. Chieftypes—Heads of Herakles; Sarapis; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; andΔΗΜΟC. Reverses—Dionysos standing; Asklepios; Hygieia; Crescenton bucranium, containing two stars; Zeus seated; Athena standing;Rider-god with double axe; Hero, Mygdon (?) [1] armed, or stepping intogalley, cf. analogous type atOtrus, where the hero is perhaps Otreus(Imh.,Kl. M., 290); Mygdon(?) in biga of galloping horses (Invent.Wadd., Pl. XVIII. 11). Otreus and Mygdon are mentioned by Homer(Il. iii. 186) as joint rulers in Phrygia.
Synaüs. This town was situated near the sources of the riverMacestus, and close to Ancyra, in the district called Abbaïtis in WesternPhrygia. It struck occasionallyquasi-autonomous and Imperial coins,Nero to Philip. Inscr., CΥΝΑЄΙΤΩΝ. Magistrates, ЄΠΙ ΜΑΡ-ΚЄΛΛΟΥ ΤΟ Γ (the third year of the Proconsulship of T. Clodius EpriusMarcellus, A. D. 70-73). Local magistrate, Archon, who sometimesranks as an Asiarch or son of an Asiarch, e.g. ЄΠ. ΙΟΥ. ΧΑΡΙΔΗΜΟΥΑΥΡ. ΥΟΥ ΑCΙ. ΑΡΧ. Α. ΤΟ. Β. on a coin of Philip (B. M. C.,Phr.,p. 391).Chief types—ΘЄΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΔΗΜΟC;Naked Apollo shooting with bow; Dionysos standing; Two Nemeses;Zeus Laodikeus; Artemis Ephesia; Rider-god with double axe; &c.
Synnada. This city stood in a plain and was of considerableimportance as a station on the road from Apameia to the north and east.Cicero (Ad Att., v. 16. 2), on his way to Cilicia, stayed three days atLaodiceia, three at Apameia, and three at Synnada. Its earliest coinsareCistophori, after B.C. 133 (Num. Chron., 1883, p. 187;Rev. Num.,1892, Pl. III. 6). The adjunct symbols are, on one, an Amphora, and, on
1 The tomb of Mygdon in the territory of Stectorium is mentioned by Paus. (x. 27. 1).See, however, with regard to these types, Regling, in Klio, viii, pp. 489-92, who identifiesthe hero as Hektor.
Alliance coin with Hierapolis (Verus),rev. Zeus (Pandemos (?) ) seatedbefore the Apollo Kitharistes of Hierapolis standing. For illustrationsand lists of magistrates’ names see B. M. C.,Phr., p. xcvii ff. andPl. XLVI.
Temenothyrae Flaviopolis (Ushak), originally, no doubt, a station onthe old Royal Road from Smyrna to the East, was situated near thesources of the Hippurius (?) in the highlands to the north of the greatplain (Banaz Ova). Its name, Flaviopolis, indicates that, as aπολις, itdates from the time of the Flavian Emperors (Imh.,Festschrift fürO. Benndorf, p. 207). The coinage,quasi-autonomous and Imperial,ranges from the time of Hadrian to that of Saloninus, and is plentiful.It is remarkable that, with a very few exceptions, the coinage ofTemenothyrae consists of dedicatory issues, as is evident from the factthat the Magistrates’ names are almost always in the nominative case with
Alliance coins with Sebaste (Valerian and Gallienus). The two citygoddesses with hands joined beneath statuette of Mên. See alsoBageis for alliance coins with Temenothyrae struck there.
For illustrations and list of magistrates’ names see B. M. C.,Phr.,p. ci and Pls. XLVII, XLVIII.
Themisonium. This city was originally a Seleucid foundation in thevalley of the upper Indus and its affluent the Cazanes. It was a stationon the road from Laodiceia southwards to Cibyra, and was about mid-way between the two. Its name is derived from Themison, the favouriteof Antiochus II, and its foundation dates probably from about B.C. 251- 246 (Ramsay,C. & B., i. 252 ff.). There are, however, no coins of Themi-sonium known which can be assigned to pre-Imperial times. Itscoins,quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from Severus to Philip.Inscr., ΘЄΜΙCΩΝЄΩΝ. No magistrates’ names have hitherto beennoted.Types—Obverses, Heads of the god ΛΥΚ[ΛΒΑC (?)] CΩΖΩΝradiate; Sarapis; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; &c. Reverses, River-godΚΑΖΑΝΗC; Athena sacrificing; Asklepios and Hygieia; Dionysosstanding; Demeter veiled, to front, with torches in raised hands; Isisstanding; Herakles standing between Lykabas Sozon (?) beside hishorse, and Hermes; Athena Nikephoros; &c. Pausanias (x. 32) relatesthat the Themisoneans set up statues of Herakles, Apollo, and Hermesin a cavern near the town. B. M. C.,Phr., p. civ and Pl. XLIX.
Tiberiopolis in the district Abbaïtis between Aezanis and Ancyra.Quasi-autonomous from time of Tiberius (?). Inscr., ΔΙΔΥΜΟΙ—CЄΒΑCΤΗ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. Busts of Livia and the Senate face to face,either as joint founders of a temple of the Augustan worship at Tiberio-polis or as divinized objects of worship side by side with the Emperor;cf. the cultus, at Tiberiopolis, of theομοβωμιοι Θεοι Σεβαστοι, probably
1 For another explanation of this type see Dieudonné inRev. Num. 1907, p. 128.
Trajanopolis, a city of the Grimenothyreis, but not identical withGrimenothyrae, from which it was about four miles distant, at the modernvillageCharik-keui (Imhoof,Festschr. für O. Benndorf, p. 204 ff.).Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Trajan to Gordian. Inscr.,ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ.Types—Obverses, Heads of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;ΔΗΜΟC; Athena; &c. Reverses, Nike; Zeus Laodikeus; Athena;Asklepios; Demeter-Tyche; Kybele; Artemis Ephesia; Rider-god withdouble axe; &c. Magistrates’ names in nominative case with titles,First Archon under Caracalla (Imhoof,Kl. M., 526), and Grammateusand First Archon under Gordian. There are also dedicated coins,thoughανεθηκε is not expressed, under Caracalla withinscr. ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟ-ΠΟΛΙΤΑΙC (Imhoof,op. cit., and B. M. C.,Phr., p. cv and Pl. I).