The National Olympic Committee of Congo was formed in 1964 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 27 January 1964 at the IOC session in Innsbruck. Since making its Olympic début in 1964, the Congo has competed at every Olympic Games with the exception of 1968 and 1976. It has never competed at the Olympic Winter Games.

The best Olympic performance came whenFranck Elemba finished fourth in the2016 shot put.

The name of this country is often confused. Formally, it is known as the Republic of the Congo, but it is also referred to as Congo (Brazzaville) to differentiate it from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is then calledCongo (Kinshasa), and has in the past been known as Zaire and the Belgian Congo.