San Francisco

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(SANCTI FRANCISCI)

Archdiocese established 29 July 1853 to include the Counties of San Francisco, San Mateo, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Sonoma, Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Salano, and Merced lying north of 37° 5' N. lat. in theState of California, U.S.A.; an area of 16,856 square miles. Its suffragans are: theDiocese of Monterey and Los Angeles, and the Diocese of Sacramento, inCalifornia; and theDiocese of Salt Lake, which comprises theState of Utah and six counties of theState of Nevada. the province including the states ofCalifornia and Nevada and all the territory east to the Rio Colorado.

AllCalifornia — Lower, or OldCalifornia, and Upper, or the present state — was originally under Spanish and Mexicanjurisdiction, and later formed the Diocese of Both Californias, of which the Right Reverend Francisco Garcia Diego y Moreno was the firstbishop. TheFranciscans who landed withCortes at Santa Cruz Bay on 3 May, 1535 began the first mission work, under the leadership of Father Martin de la Coruna. Their labors in this field, and those of theJesuits who followed them half a century later, are detailed in a special article devoted to that topic (seeCALIFORNIA MISSIONS). Portola discovered the present San Francisco Bay 1 Nov., 1769, and as one of the chain of missions projected byFather Junipero Serra, the mission of San Francisco de Asis, called also the Mission Dolores, was founded 9 Oct., 1776 by his twoFranciscan brethren FathersFrancisco Palou and Benito Cambon, both natives ofSpain. Under the fostering care of theFranciscans the mission prospered without interruption for more than half a century. Then came the secularization and plunder of theCalifornia missions by theMexican Government in 1834, and San Francisco suffered ruin with the others. The village of Yerba Buena was established on its site, and colonization invited by thecivil authorities. Some outside trading was done, and a few ships entered the harbour. In the midsummer of 1846, a man-of-war took possession of the place in the name of theUnited States, and on 30 Jan. of the following year the name of the town Yerba Buena was changed to San Francisco. Gold was discovered in the spring of 1848, and with this came the thousands of fortune-hunters of all nations and the beginning of the city as a great centre of commerce (seeCALIFORNIA).

Previous to this theHoly See had established the Diocese of Both Californias, suffragan to theArchbishop of Mexico, and appointed as itsbishop, on 27 April, 1840, Father Francis Garcia Diego y Moreno, who wasconsecrated atZacatecas, 4 Oct., 1840. He was born at Lagos, State of Jalisco, Mexico, 17 Sept., 1785, and joined theFranciscans at the age of seventeen.Ordainedpriest 13 Nov., 1808 he was successively master ofnovices and vicar of themonastery of Our Lady of Guadalupe, and labouredzealously giving missions in the towns and cities of Mexico. In 1830 he was appointed Prefect of the Missions for the Conversion of the Indians inCalifornia, and set out for this new field with ten missionaries from thecollege of Our Lady of Guadalupe, reaching Santa Clara, where he took up his residence. The missions of UpperCalifornia were then in a very demoralized state, owing to secular and political interference andpersecution. Their utter ruin was averted by thezeal of thesepriests until the passage of thedecree of secularization by the Mexican Congress in August, 1834. The destruction that followed this was so widespread that in the summer of 1836 he went back to Mexico, and by a persistent appeal to its congress secured the repeal of thedecree of secularization and an order for the restoration of the missions to theChurch. Business in connection with his order detained him in Mexico for several years, and then as he was about to return toCalifornia he received notice of his appointment asbishop of the newly-created diocese which contained eighteen of the twenty-one historicCalifornia missions. Most of them were in ruins when he arrived at San Diego on 11 December, 1841, to commence the disheartening task of saving what he could of the wreck left by the plunderers of the era of secularization. By heroic effort he opened aseminary at Santa Ynez 4 May, 1844, and by word, deed, and example did everything possible to re-establish the missions, but his health failed, and returning to Santa Barbara in January, 1842 he died there 13 April, 1846.

Very Rev. José Maria Gonzalez Rubio, O.F.M., thevicar-general, was appointed administrator before thebishop died, and the choice was ratified by theArchbishop of Mexico. The condition of thediocese may be seen from the statement of the administrator made in a circular letterdated 30 May, 1848, and addressed to the people. "Day by day" he said, "we see that our circumstances grow in difficulty; that helps and resources have shrunk to almost nothing; that the hope of supplying the neededclergy is now almost extinguished; and worst of all that through lack of means andpriests Divine worship throughout the whole diocese stands upon the brink of total ruin." The date of this letter is the same as that on which the Treaty of Queretar was signed, cedingCalifornia to theUnited States.

American rule

When UpperCalifornia thus became part of theUnited States, theMexican Government refused to permit an Americanbishop to exercisejurisdiction in Lower California. To meet his difficultyPope Pius IX detached the Mexican territory from the Diocese of San Diego or Monterey, which had been erected byPope Gregory XVI 27 April, 1840, and bydecree of theSacred Congregation of Propaganda, 1 July, 1854, divided UpperCalifornia into the twodioceses of San Francisco and Monterey. ByBrief of 29 July, San Francisco was made anarchbishopric, with Monterey its suffragansee. AsBishop of San Diego or Monterey, theReverend Joseph Sadoc Alemany, O.P. had beenconsecrated inRome by Cardinal Fransoni 30 June, 1850. He was appointedArchbishop of San Francisco, and took possession 29 July, 1853. Before all this occurred, Father Gonzalez as administrator began to take measures to provide for the needs of the people, and in a circular appeal for aid, dated Santa Barbara, 13 June, 1849, he tells his flock that he has asked forpriests from the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and from theJesuits ofOregon.

In the autumn of 1849 Father John Brouillet, thenVicar-General of Nesqually,Oregon, landed at San Francisco on a visit, and as he was the onlypriest in the vicinity who could speak English, the spiritual destitution of the thousands about the town trying to reach the newly-discovered gold fields touched him, and he remained there to minister to them. A few months later Father Antoine* Langlois, aCanadiansecular priest who had been labouring for six years in the northwest and was then on his way toCanada to enter theSociety of Jesus, joined him, and by direction of his superiors also remained at San Francisco. He has left an "Ecclesiastical and Religious Journal for San Francisco" inmanuscript, which is preserved at Santa Clara College, and in this he relates: "The first Mass said in the Mission established in the city ofSt. Francis Xavier [sic] was on June 17th, 1849, the thirdSunday after Pentecost; Father Brouillet . . . was specifically charged to yield to the wishes of the people and labour towards the building of a Church and hold divine service therein. A beginning was made by the purchase of a piece of ground 25 by 50 varas, after he had called the morezealousCatholics together and opened a subscription of $5000 to pay for the lot and the building to be erected on it . . . Religion now began to be practised in spite of the natural obstacles then in its way by the thirst of gold".

Father Brouillet then returned toOregon, and to succeed him in the mission Fathers Michael Accolti and John Nobili, S.J. reached San Francisco fromOregon 8 Dec., 1849 to establish in thediocese, in response to the invitation of the administrator, a house and college of their order either atLos Angeles or San José, the latter being at that time the chief city of NorthernCalifornia. These twopriests played a very prominent part in the subsequent development of theChurch andCatholiceducation in the diocese. Father Accolti tried to obtain assistance from his brethren of the Missouri and other provinces of his order, and finally in May, 1854 succeeded in having theCalifornia mission adopted by the Province ofTurin,Italy. In May, 1852 Father James Ryder, S.J., of theMaryland Province visited San Francisco and remained four months on business connected with thesociety. In March, 1850 two fathers of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary arrived from theSandwich Islands, and shortly after four others of the same Congregation from Valparaiso. They were immediately invited to establish themselves in the old missions in SouthernCalifornia and only one of them remained at San Francisco. This was Father Flavian Fontaine, who started aschool there, as he spoke English fluently. Thisschool failed after some time, and occasioned much trouble owing to thedebts he left on theproperty, which were assumed by Father Nobili, who undertook to continue theschool as an adjunct to Santa Clara College which he had founded near San José. TheDominicans, represented by Father Anderson, were also established. He received faculties from the administrator 17 Sept., 1850 and was appointedpastor at Sacramento, where he fell a victim to cholera early the following year. The "Catholic Directory" for 1850 has this report fromCalifornia: "The number ofclergymen in NorthernCalifornia is about sixteen, two of whom, the Rev. John B. Brouillet and Rev. Antoine* Langlois, are in the town of San Francisco, where achapel was dedicated to Divine worship last June. The reverendclergy there have also made arrangements for the opening of aschool for the instruction of children. TheCatholic population is variously estimated at from fifteen to twenty thousand".

Racial differences had made some trouble which the administrator hoped the advent of the English-speakingJesuits would help to settle. In a letter to Father Accolti from Santa Barbara on 5 March, 1850, he says: "Strangers have not been wanting, who, despising thepriests of the country, have desired to build a church apart, and have it attended bypriests of their own tongue. Such pretensions, though based on some specious reasons, have to some of theparishpriests savoured ofschism".

Such were the conditions in the new diocese to whichBishop Alemany was appointed. He was born atVich,Spain, 13 July, 1814, entered theDominican Order in 1829, and in the following year, driven fromSpain by governmentpersecution, he went with a fellownovice Francis Sadoc Villarasa toRome, where they continued their studies and wereordainedpriests on 27 March, 1837, atViterbo. They applied to be sent to the Philippine mission, but were assigned instead to theUnited States, whereFather Alemany became Provincial of St. Joseph's Province of the order. Ten years were spent in missionary work inOhio,Kentucky, andTennessee, during which time they learned to speak and write English fluently. AfterBishop Alemany'sconsecration he remained in R+ome for a short time, and then, on his way back to hisdiocese, he stopped atLyons andParis, where he collected some gifts of much-needed church furnishings, and inIreland, where he arranged for volunteer teachers for hisschools, andpriests for his people. He finally reached San Francisco on the night of 6 Dec., 1850, accompanied by Father Villarasa, O.P., and Sister Mary Goemare, a religious of theDominican sisterhood. Father Villarasa was for forty years subsequently commissary general of theDominicans inCalifornia, and died there in 1888. They found at San Francisco only two churches: St. Francis's, a frame building attended by those who did not speak Spanish, and the old Mission Dolores for those who did. At Monterey thebishop established the firstconvent ofnuns inCalifornia and St. Catherine's Academy, where he and Father Villarasa taught until the arrival of Mother Louisa O'Neill and a band ofnuns. The first English-speaking student to enter thepriory there in 1852 was Thomas O'Neill, b. in 1832 at Dungannon, Co. Tyrone,Ireland. After hisordination he spent more than fifty years in missionary work in the houses of theDominicans inCalifornia.

Bishop Alemany devoted much time to meeting the many difficulties which the differences ofideas and forms held by theCatholics of English-speaking countries from those reared under the Spanish system occasioned. In this he was aided by several pioneerpriests, notably the Rev. John Shanahan, who,ordained at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmitsburg,Maryland in 1823, after working many years in New York had gone out toCalifornia with the gold-seekers; Rev. Eugene O'Connell, and Rev. John McGinnis. Father O'Connell was born 18 June, 1815 in Co. Meath,Ireland, andordainedpriest in 1842. WhenBishop Alemany visitedIreland on his way home fromRome, he persuaded Father O'Connell, who was then a professor in All Hallows College, to come out to San Francisco and direct thediocesanseminary which he opened at once at Santa Inez. Thebishop attended the first Plenary Council atBaltimore in May, 1852, and he was thus able to report substantial progress in his charge, with foundations of theJesuits,Dominicans,Franciscans, Fathers of the Sacred Hearts, Sisters of Notre Dame,Sisters of St. Dominic, 31churches, 38priests and an estimatedCatholic population of 40,000. A band of Sisters of Charity from Emmitsburg,Maryland arrived in August, 1852, and began their work in theschools. On 7 July, 1853 thebishop laid the cornerstone of St. Mary's Church, San Francisco, and having been notified of his elevation to the newly-created Archbishopric of San Francisco formally assumed the title 29 July, 1853. In order to obtain morepriests and religious he sent Father Hugh P. Gallagher, who had gone to San Francisco fromPittsburg, Penn., toIreland, where he succeeded in securing two bands of Presentation Nuns andSisters of Mercy, who arrived at San Francisco 15 Nov., 1854. TheSisters of Mercy came from Kinsale, Co.Cork, and were led by the famous Mother Mary Baptist (Kate Russell) sister of Lord Russell of Killowen. After a life full of great utility, she died in Aug., 1898 at St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco, which she founded and directed for more than forty years. Father Gallagher, who had edited aCatholic paper atPittsburg, took up that work also in san Francisco, where he directed its firstCatholic weekly, the "Catholic Standard". He was for many yearsrector of St. Mary's Cathedral. Among other pioneerpriests should be mentioned Fathers John Ingoldsby, John Quinn, John McGinnis, Patrick Mackin, William Kenny, Richard Carroll, who was head of the Diocesan Seminary of St. Thomas Acquinas, Jame Croke, for a long periodvicar-general, Peter Grey, and John Prendergast, alsovicar-general.

Progress was manifest in the rural sections, churches also springing up at Sacramento, Weaverville, Marysville, Grass Valley, Stockton, Placerville, San Mateo, Dalton, and Nevada. AChinesepriest, Father Kian, was even present (1854) for the benefit of his fellow-countrymen. The titles to the old missionproperty were also secured by legal action. In 1858 thearchbishop visitedRome and on 15 July, 1862 convened the firstdiocesan synod, which was attended by forty-fourpriests. At this the decrees of the Baltimore Council werepromulgated, and rules prescribed for the administration of thediocese. The year before the increase of churches in the northern section of thediocese prompted theHoly See to establish there aVicariate Apostolic of Marysville and the Rev. Eugene O'Connell was appointed to take charge. He wasconsecratedtitularBishop ofFlaviopolis, andVicar Apostolic of Marysville, 3 Feb., 1861, in All Hallows College,Dublin,Ireland. He reached Marysville 8 June, and was inducted on the following day at St. Joseph's Pro-cathedral byArchbishop Alemany. He had only fourpriests in his vicariate, which included the territory from 39x to 40x N. lat. and from the Pacific Coast to the eastern boundary ofNevada. In 1868 the vicariate was erected into the Diocese of Grass Valley, and Bishop O'Connell was transferred to this title 3 Feb. of that year. On 28 May, 1884, the Diocese of Sacramento was created out of this Grass Valley district, with the addition of ten counties inCalifornia and one inNevada, and Bishop O'Connell ruled it until 17 March, 1884, when he resigned and was madetitularBishop of Joppa. He died at Lost Angeles 4 Dec., 1891.

The succeeding decades gave no respite to the activity andzeal ofArchbishop Alemany in furthering the progress of theChurch, and the weight of years and the stress of his long but willing toil began to tell on him. He asked for a coadjutor, and the Rev. Patrick William Riordan,pastor of St. James's Church,Chicago, was selected by thepope for the office. He wasconsecratedtitularBishop of Cabesa and coadjutor of San Francisco withright ofsuccession, 16 Sept., 1883.Archbishop Alemany resigned the title of San Francisco 28 Dec., 1884 and retired to his nativeSpain, where he d. 14 April, 1888 at Valencia. When he resigned the diocese had 131churches, 182priests, 6 colleges, 18 academies, 5 asylums, 4hospitals, and aCatholic population of about 220,000.

Archbishop Patrick William Riordan, who immediately succeeded him, was born 27 Aug., 1841, atChatham, New Brunswick. His early studies were made at Notre Dame University,Indiana, whence he went toRome as one of the twelve students who formed the first class that opened the North American College, 7 Dec., 1859. From there he went to theUniversity of Louvain, and received the degree of S.T.D. He wasordainedpriest atMechlin,Belgium, 10 June, 1865 and returning to theUnited States was appointed professor oftheology at the Seminary of St. Mary of the Lake,Chicago. Later he served aspastor at Joliet,Illinois, and inChicago. At the outset of his administration he made the cause ofCatholiceducation his special endeavour. There had been two earlier attempts to carry on adiocesanseminary. One had failed for lack of teachers, the other for want of pupils. In 1884 Archbishop Riordan made an appeal for a newseminary, and Mrs. Kate Johnson gave him 80 acres of fine land at Menlo Park. Here St. Patrick's Seminary, a large and elaborate building was erected and he gave its management to theSulpicians. In Aug., 1887 he encouraged the Religious of the Sacred Heart who had come into the diocese in 1882, to begin their academy in the city and develop it into the flourishing institute that was transferred to Menlo Park in August, 1898. TheBrothers of the Christian Schools in 1889 moved their St. Mary's College from Bernal Heights to Oakland. The college was started by the Reverend James Croke, V.G., in 1863, and for five years was managed bysecular priests andlaymen. In 1868 sevenBrothers from New York under Brother Justin took over the care of the college, which was chartered by the State in 1872. The Brothers also started their Sacred Heart College in 1878.

Archbishop Riordan brought in theSalesian Fathers to take care of theItalians in 1888, Father O. Franchi, aGenoese, being the first to arrive. In 1893 they were also given charge of thePortuguese colony in Oakland. ThePaulist Congregation of New York were also invited into the diocese and given charge of Old St. Mary's Church. Thearchbishop took up the claim on Mexico for the arrears of thePious Fund of the Californias due thediocese, and prosecuted it to a successful issue before the International Arbitration Tribunal at theHague, where it was the first case tried. He was a delegate to the Hague in 1902. TheEnglishCapuchins were given charge of the scattered missions along the coast of Mendocino in August, 1903. In 1905 thearchbishop presided over the golden jubilee of St. Ignatius's College and Church, which had been founded at San Francisco in 1855 by Father Anthony Maraschi, S.J.

As his health failed Archbishop Riordan requested the appointment of a coadjutor, and the Right Rev. George Montgomery,Bishop ofMonterey and Los Angeles, was elevated to the titularArchbishopric of Osino and made his coadjutor in January, 1903. He was born in Davies County,Kentucky, 30 Dec., 1847, and wasordainedpriest atBaltimore 20 Dec., 1879. He was chancellor of the Archdiocese of San Francisco when he was chosen for the See of Monterey, in which diocese his administration was most successful, especially in defending therights of theCatholic Indians. He had just settled down as Archbishop Riordan's assistant, and thatprelate had started on a tour for recuperation, when San Francisco was visited by the terrible calamity of the earthquake of 18 April, 1906, and its subsequent fire. Twelve churches were burned and theirparishes absolutely wiped out of existence. In the burned district, along with the churches all the institutions,schools, asylums,hospitals, the greatJesuit church and College of St. Ignatius, and the Sacred Heart College of theChristian Brothers — were destroyed. Four churches in the city were wrecked by the earthquake, and others, including thecathedral and St. Patrick's Seminary at Menlo Park, more or less damaged. Happily no lives ofpriests, religious, or of children in their care were sacrificed. Archbishop Montgomery took a prominent and very active part in the rescue work that began at once, and Archbishop Riordan returned to the city and commenced the gigantic task of restoration which was rapidly accomplished in two or three years, aided by the generosity of theCatholic congregations of theUnited States, who sent more than $300,000 at once to the stricken diocese; this great exertion, however, had a debilitating effect on Archbishop Montgomery, who d. 10 Jan., 1907. (seeDIOCESE OF MONTEREY AND LOS ANGELES).

On 24 Dec., 1908 Bishop Denis J. O'Connell was appointed auxiliaryBishop of San Francisco. Bishop O'Connell was born at Donoughmore, Co.Cork,Ireland, 28 Jan., 1849, and made his studies at the American College,Rome. After hisordination he carried the decrees of the lastPlenary Council of Baltimore toRome, and returned as secretary to Bishop Conroy, ablegate toCanada. He was made a domesticprelate 20 March, 1887, andrector of the American College,Rome, after the death of Mgr. Hostlot in 1884, and held that office until July, 1895, when he resigned, and acted as the vicar of Cardinal Gibbons for his titular church, S. Maria in Trastevere,Rome. He was appointedrector of the Catholic University, Washington, in 1903; on 3 May, 1908 wasconsecratedtitularBishop ofSebaste; and on 24 Dec., 1908 was appointed auxiliaryBishop of San Francisco. On 19 Jan., 1912 he was transferred from San Francisco toRichmond,Virginia, as successor to Bishop van de Vyver.

Statistics

The following religious are now established in the archdiocese (1911):

Men:--Capuchin Fathers (Province ofEngland), Mendocino; Ukiah.Dominican Fathers (Western Province), St. Dominic's, San Francisco; Antioch; Benicia; Martinez; Vallejo, Valona. Fathers of the Sacred Hearts (Belgium), Olema.Franciscan Fathers (St. Louis Province), St. Anthony's, St. Boniface's andFranciscan Monastery, San Francisco; St. Elizabeth's, Fruitvale; St. Turibius, Kelseyville, Lake Co.Jesuit Fathers (California Province), St. Ignatius's Church and College, San Franciscop; Los Gatos; San José; Santa Clara.Marist Fathers (American Province), Notre Dame, San Francisco.Paulist Fathers (New York), St. Mary's, San Francisco.Salesian Fathers fromTurin,Italy, for theItalians, Sts. Peter and Paul,Corpus Christi Church, San Francisco; St. Joseph's Church (for the Portuguese), Oakland. Sulpician Fathers, St. Patrick's Seminary, Menlo Park.Christian Brothers (Province of San Francisco), Sacred Heart College, St. Peter's School, San Francisco; Martinez; St. Mary's College, St. Patrick's School, San Francisco, Oakland; St. Anthony's School, East Oakland; St. Joseph's Academy, Berkeley; St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, St. Vincent. Brothers of Mary (Eastern Province), St. James's and St. Joseph's Schools, San Francisco; Stockton; St. Joseph's School, San Francisco; Stockton; St. Joseph's Schools, San José; Agricultural School, Rutherford.

Women:-- Sisters of Charity (St. Louis, Missouri),Orphan Asylum, Infant Asylum, Technical and St. Vincent's Schools, Mary's Help Hospital, San Francisco; O'Connor Sanitarium, San José.Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Dubuque,Iowa), St. Bridget's School, San Francisco; Petaluma.Sisters of St. Dominic (Mission San José,California), Immaculate Conception Academy; St. Anthony's and St. Boniface's School, San Francisco; Fruitvale; Mission San José; Ukiah.Sisters of St. Dominic (San Rafael,California), Academy, San Rafael; St. Rose's Academy, St. Dominic's and Sacred Heart Schools, San Francisco; San Leandro; Stockton; Vallejo; Academy and School, Benicia,Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart (Joliet, Illinois), St. Joseph's Hospital, San Francisco.Sisters of the Holy Cross (Notre Dame,Indiana), St. Charles's School, San Francisco. Sisters of the Holy Family (San Francisco), San José; Oakland.Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary (Hochelaga,Montreal,Province of Quebec), St. Joseph's, San Francisco; Convent of the Holy Names, Immaculate Conception School, St. Francis de Sales School, Sacred Heart School, Oakland.Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (Los Angeles,California), St. Patrick's School and St. Joseph's Home, Oakland; Star of the Sea, San Francisco.Sisters of Mercy (San Francisco,California), mother-house and St. Mary's Hospital, St. Catherine's Home, St. Peter's School, San Francisco;school and academy, East Oakland; Home for the Aged, Fruitvale.Sisters of Mercy, Rio Vista; Sausalito. Sisters of Notre Dame (San José,California), mother-house, college, high school, institute, and 3schools, San José; College and Mission Dolores School, San Francisco; Alameda; Redwood; Santa Clara; Saratoga. Presentation Nuns (San Francisco,California), mother-house,cathedralschool, and 2 academies, San Francisco; Berkeley; Sonoma. Sisters of Charity of Providence (Montreal),hospital, Oakland.Little Sisters of the Poor (Chicago, Illinois), San Francisco; Oakland. Little Sisters of the Holy Family (Sherbrooke,Canada), St. Patrick's Seminary, Menlo Park. Helpers of the Holy Souls (Paris,France), San Francisco.Carmelite Sisters, San Francisco. Religious of the Sacred Heart (Chicago Province), San Francisco; Menlo Park.Ursuline Sisters (Santa Rosa,California), Santa Rosa; St. Helena.

Archbishop, 1;secular priests, 206;priests ofreligious orders, 146; total, 352; churches with residentpriest, 113; missions with churches, 63; total churches, 176; stations, 31;chapels, 57;seminary, 1;ecclesiastical students, 96;seminaries ofreligious orders, 3; colleges and academies for boys, 7; students, 340; academies for young ladies, 21; normalschool, 1;femaleseducated in higher branches, 5,000;parishes withparochialschools, 42; pupils, 17,000;orphan asylums, 4;orphans, 1,800;infant asylums, 1; inmates, 480; industrial and reformschools, 2; inmates, 173; protectory for boys, 1; inmates, 90; total of young people underCatholic care, about 23,000; deaf-mute asylum, 1;hospitals, 6; homes for aged poor, 4; othercharitable institutions, 2;baptisms, 7,957; deaths, 3,710;Catholic population, about 250,000.

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