John Trithemius

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A famous scholar andBenedictineabbot, b. at Trittenheim on the Moselle, 1 February, 1462; d. atWürzburg, 13 December, 1516. Theabbot himself, in his "Nepiachus", gives an account of his youth, which was a time of hard suffering owing to the harsh treatment of his selfish stepfather, who allowed the talented boy to grow up in completeignorance till the age of fifteen, when he learned reading and writing as well as the rudiments of Latin in a remarkably short time. But as hispersecution at home did not cease, he ran away, and after a painful journey succeeded in reachingWürzburg, where the well-knownhumanist, Jacob Wimpheling, was teaching; here the ambitious youth pursued his classical studies till 1482. In order to revisit his home he determined to make an excursion to the neighbourhood of Trèves accompanied by a comrade; it was January and the young men travelled afoot. A short visit to themonastery of Sponheim was to prove of decisive importance for the young Trithemius; hardly had the travellers taken leave of themonks when a snowstormobliged them to return to themonastery. At the invitation of the prior, Henry of Holzhausen, who had quickly discerned the talents of his young guest, Trithemius remained in Sponheim; eight days later he received the habit of the order and made hisvows in the same year, 8 December. His life in themonastery was exemplary; he commanded the respect of his brethren, and thelove of his superiors. Theproof of the respect in which he was held by all was the fact that although he was the youngest member of the community, and had not yet beenordained, he was electedabbot at the age of twenty-two, during the second year of his life in the order. His election was a great blessing for Sponheim. With youthful vigour and a firm hand he undertook the direction of the much-neglectedmonastery. He first turned his attention to the material needs of his community, then set himself to the much more difficult task of restoring its discipline. Above all, his own example, not only in the conscientious observance of the rules of the order, but also in the tireless pursuit ofscientific studies, brought about thehappiest results.

In order to promote effectively scientific research, he procured a rich collection of books which comprised the most important works in all branches ofhumanknowledge; in this way he built up the world-renownedlibrary of Sponheim for the enriching of which he laboured unceasingly for twenty-three years till the collection numbered about 2000 volumes. Thislibrary, unique in those days, made Sponheim known throughout the entire world of learning. The attractivepersonality of theabbot also helped to spread the fame of themonastery. Among his friends he numbered, not only the most learned men of his time, such as Celtes, Reuchlin, and John of Dalberg, but also many princes — including the Emperor Maximilian, who held him in great esteem. But the farther hisreputation extended in the world the greater became the number of malcontents in themonastery who opposed theabbot's discipline. Finally he resigned as head of his belovedabbey, which he had ruled for twenty-three years, and which he had brought to a most flourishingcondition; after his departure themonastery sank into its former insignificance. The Emperor Maximilian desired to bring the famous scholar to his Court, and to make him the historiographer of the Imperial House with a life-long pension; he was also promised richabbeys. But Trithemius sought the quiet and peace of a more retired life, and this he found asabbot of the Scottishmonastery of St. Jacob, atWürzburg (1506). Here he found only threemonks, so he had ample opportunity to display the same activity he had shown at Sponheim. He spent the last ten years of his life in the production of many important writings. Only once did he leave hismonastery (1508) for a short stay at the imperial Court. He died at fifty-five years of age and was buried in the Scottish church atWürzburg.

The Order of St. Benedict was indebted to this energeticabbot for hiszealous promotion of the Bursfeld Congregation, for his encouragement of learning in the order, and for his earnest furtherance of monastic discipline. "The great abbot", says one of his biographers, "was equally worthy of respect as a man, as a religious, and as a writer." Of his more than eighty works only part have appeared in print. The greater number of these areascetical writings which treat of thereligious life and were published by John Busaeus, S.J., under the title "Joannis Trithemii opera pia et spiritualia" (Mainz, 1604); they are among the best works of devotional literature produced at the time. Marquard Freher published a part of his historical works as "Joannis Trithemii opera historica" (Frankfort, 1601). This collection, however, did not include the two famous folio volumes, published in 1690 under the title of "Annales Hirsaugiensis". Trithemius also wrote interesting contributions on points of naturalscience, then much debated, and on classical literature. The question whether he, by citing two otherwise unknown authorities (Megiahard and Kunibald), was guilty of intentionalforgery, is still under debate by some critics. Surely the inscription on histomb testifies to thetruth:

Hanc meruit statuam Germanae gloria gentis Abbas Trithemius, quem tegit ista domus

(TheAbbot Trithemius, theglory of the German race, whom this house covers, merited thisstatue).

[Note: A portrait of John Trithemius was printed in Thevet's Livre des Vrais Pourtraits, Paris, 1584.]

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