Paderborn

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(Paderbornensis)

Suffragandiocese of Cologne, includes: the District ofMinden,Westphalia, except theparish of Lette; the District of Arnsberg,Westphalia, except a fewparishes;Prussian Saxony; five districts in the Rhine Province; the Principality of Lippe; the Principality of Waldeck; the Duchy of Gotha; the Principalities of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwartzburg-Sondershausen; and the Vicariate Apostolic of Anhalt (seeGermany, map). Thediocese is divided into 53 deaneries. There are 547parishes (20 missionary, 266 succursal); 1403 secular and 93regular priests; 1,508,000Catholics and 5,250,000 non-Catholics. The part of thediocese in Thuringia is also divided among three otherecclesiastical administrative districts: the episcopal commissaries ofMagdeburg and Heiligenstadt, and the "Ecclesiastical Court" (Geistilches Gericht) of Erfurt.

Thecathedral chapter has theright to elect thebishop; it consists of aprovost, a dean, 8 capitular and 4 honorary canons; 6cathedral vicars are stationed at thecathedral. Thediocesan institutes are: theseminary forpriests, thediocesan institute ofphilosophy andtheology with 8 professors, thetheological college (Collegium Leoninum), theseminary for boys (Collegium Liborianum) at Paderborn, theseminary for boys (Collegium Bonifatianum) at Heiligenstadt, and theorphan's home ofLippe at Paderborn. Under religious direction also are the boy's colleges of Warburg, Attendorn, and Brilon.

The orders existing in thediocese are:Franciscans, 8monasteries, 69 fathers, 21clerics, 68 brothers;Dominicans, 1monastery, 5 fathers, 4 brothers;Redemptorists, 1monastery, 8 fathers, 7 brothers;Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, 1 community, 11 fathers, 51clerics, 21 brothers. Thefemale orders and congregations, which have 256 institutions with 3320sisters, include: theBenedictine Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, 2priorates;Canonesses of St. Augustine, 1convent; Poor School Sisters of Notre Dame, 3 institutions;Ursulines, 3 houses;Sisters of Christian Charity; Daughters of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception, mother-house at Paderborn and 15 institutions; Sisters of Charity of the Christian Schools, mother-house at Heiligenstadt, and 6 institutions; Sisters ofSt. Vincent de Paul, mother-house at Paderborn and 99 houses; PoorFranciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, mother-house at Olpe, 39 institutions;Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, mother-house at Salzkotten, 23 houses; GreySisters of St. Elizabeth fromBreslau, provincial house at Halle, 20 institutions; Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent, fromFulda, 5 houses; Poor Sisters of St. Francis, fromAachen, 4 institutions; Sisters of Charity of St. Francis, from Münster, 3convents; Sisters of St. Francis, from Thuine, near Freren, 5 institutions; PoorFranciscan Sisters, from Waldbreitach, 2 institutions; Poor Servants of Jesus Christ, from Dernbach, 18 institutions; Sisters of Clement from Münster, 3 houses;Sisters of Charity of St. Elizabeth, from Essen, 1 house;Sisters of the Holy Cross fromStrasburg, 2 institutions; Daughters of Christian Charity of St. Vincent from Cologne-Nippes, 1 house; Sisters of Our Lady from Mülhausen (Rhineland), 1 institutions.

The city ofPaderborn is the headquarters of theBoniface Association; among others are the Society of St. Vincent, the Society of St. Elizabeth, the Mother's Society, the Young Men's Society, the Young Women's Sodalities, the Society ofCatholicGermany, etc. TheCatholic institutions include 120 institutions for the protection of children; 50orphan asylums; 100schools for handicrafts and domesticscience; 135 sanatoria andhospitals; 65 stations for visiting nurses; and 300 religious homes for the poor. Among the newspapers are: the "Westfälisches Volksblatt" the Sonntagsblatt Leo", the "Bonifatiusblatt" and the scientific magazine, "Theologie und Glaube". The most important churches are: thecathedral at Paderborn, which in its present form dates from the twelfth and fourteenth centuries; a church with threenaves of equal height in the style of the Romanesque and transition periods; the Romanesquecathedral of St. Patroclus at Soest, built in 954. Thecathedral at Erfurt, dates back to 1153; and the Gothiccathedral atMinden, built between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries.

The first church at Paderborn was founded in 777, whenCharlemagne held a diet there. It iscertain that Paderborn was abishopric in 805 or 806; thebishop was Hathumar, a Saxon (d. 815). Before this Paderborn was under theDiocese of Würzburg. The Diocese of Paderborn then included the larger part ofLippe,Waldeck, and nearly half of the former Countship of Ravensberg.

St. Badurad (815-62) completed thecathedral, encouraged the building of thecathedralschool, and the establishment of severalmonasteries. He received from Louis the Pious special protection for hisdiocese, which was benefited financially, in that henceforward it received all the court fees. When thebishops received the countship is unknown, but this was confirmed to Bishop Liuthard (862-86) in 881 by King Louis.Otto II bestowed theright to a free election ofbishops upon Bishop Folkmar in 974 (d. 981). In 1000 thecathedral was burnt; Rethgar (d. 1009) began a newcathedral, completed by his successor,Meinwerk. The latter established theBenedictine Monastery of Abdinghof at Paderborn, founded adiocesan college at Busdorf, and improved thecathedralschool. During the Strife of Investitures, Poppo (1076-83) was first an adherent of the emperor, later of thepope. Heinrich I, Count of Assel, electedbishop under the protection of the opposing King Hermann, in 1090 was exiled by theEmperor Henry IV, and fled toMagdeburg, where in 1102 he was electedarchbishop. The See of Paderborn was occupied by Heinrich II, Count of Werl-Arnsberg, who had had himself installed in 1084 atRome asbishop byHenry IV, and who had helped in the expulsion of Heinrich I. He received thepapal sanction in 1106. Bernhard II, Lord of Oesede (1127-60), restored thecathedral (burnt in 1133).

Siegfried (1178-80) lived to see the downfall of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony. Therights which the old dukedom had exercised over Paderborn were transferred to theArchbishop ofCologne. The claims of thearchbishops of Cologne were settled in the thirteenth century, almost wholly in favor ofPaderborn. Under Bernhard II of Ibbenbüren (1198-1204) the bailiwick over thediocese, which since the middle of the eleventh century had been held as a fief by the Counts of Arnsberg, returned to thebishops. This was an important advance in the development of thebishops' position as temporal sovereigns. From this time on thebishops did not grant the bailiwick as a fief, but managed it themselves, and had themselves represented in the government by one of theirclergy. They strove successfully to obtain the bailiwicks over theabbeys andmonasteries situated in their diocese. During the reign of Bernhard IV (1228-47). TheMinorites settled in the diocese. Under him the community life of thecathedral canons ceased completely, and the canons, twenty-four in number, shared with thebishop theproperty, archdiaconates, and obediences (1231).

Simon I, Lord of Lippe (1247-77), was engaged in struggles with Cologne; Otto von Rietberg had also to contend with Cologne; in 1281, when only bishop-elect, he received the regalia from Rudolph of Habsburg, and full judicial power (except penal judicature); henceforward thebishops were actual sovereigns, though not over the whole of their diocese. Bernhard V of Lippe (1321-41) had to acknowledge the city ofPaderborn as free from his judicial supremacy. Heinrich III Spiegel zum Desenberg (1361-80), alsoAbbot of Corvey, left his spiritual functions to a suffragan; in 1371 he rebuilt the Burg Neuhaus at Paderborn. Simon II, Count of Sternberg (1380-89), involved thebishopric in feuds with the nobility, who after his death devastated the country. Wilhelm Heinrich van Berg, elected 1399, sought to remedy the evils which had crept in during the foregoing feuds, but when in 1414 he interested himself in the vacancy in the Archbishopric of Cologne, thecathedral chapter in his absence chose Dietrich von Mörs (1415-63). Thewars of Dietrich, alsoArchbishop ofCologne, brought heavydebts upon thebishopric; during the feuds of thebishop with the city of Soest (1444-49) Paderborn was devastated. The reign of Simon III of Lippe (1463-89) was occupied with the correction of Church discipline. Herman I, Landgrave ofHesse (1495-1508), was an excellent ruler.

Under Erich, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1502-32), theReformation obtained a foothold in thediocese, although thebishop remained loyal to theChurch. Hermann von Wied (1532-47), alsoArchbishop ofCologne, sought to introduce the new teaching at Paderborn as well as Cologne, but he was opposed by all classes. The countships ofLippe,Waldeck, and Pyrmont, the part of thediocese in the Countship of Ravensberg, and most of theparishes on the right bank of the Weser became protestant. After the removal of Hermann von Wied, Paderborn had three activeCatholicbishops: Rembert von Kerrsenbrock (1547-68), Johann II von Hoya (1568-1574) published theTridentine Decrees, and Salentin, Count of Isenberg (1574-77), alsoarchbishop ofCologne. Heinrich IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1577-85), was aLutheran; he permitted the adoption of the Augsberg Confession by his subjects. Apostasy from theChurch made such advances that in the city ofPaderborn only thecathedral and the Monastery of Abdinghof remained faithful. To save theCatholic cause, thecathedral chapter summoned theJesuits to Paderborn in 1580. Theodor von Fürstenberg (1585-1618) restored the practice of theCatholic religion, built a gymnasium for theJesuits, and founded the University of Paderborn in 1614.

Ferdinand I ofBavaria (1618-50) was not able to save thebishopric from the horrors of the Thirty Years' Was. Theodor Adolf von der Reck (1650-91) tried to repair the damages of thewar. Ferdinand II von Fürstenberg (1661-83), poet, historian, scholar, and promoter of the arts andsciences, founded the "Ferdinandea", for the support of thirteen missionaries for the northern Vicariate. Hermann Werner (1683-1704) and his nephew Franz Arnold (1704-18) were admirableprelates. Under Klemens August ofBavaria (1719-61), the Seven Years' War wrought great damage. Wilhelm Anton von der Asseberg (1763-82) founded aseminary forpriests in 1777. Franz Egon von Fürstenberg (1789-1825) lived to see the secularization of nearly all the chapters andmonasteries in hisdiocese. The territory of thediocese went toPrussia, thebishop became a prince of the empire; but hisspiritual jurisdiction was untouched. He saw the enlargement of hisdiocese, resulting from theBull "De Salute Animarium", 16 July, 1821, which extended Paderborn, and placed it under Cologne.

Friedrich Klemens von Ledebur-Wicheln (1826-41) divided the diocese into deaneries. Konrad Martin (1856-79) held adiocesan synod in 1867, and took part in theVatican Council. In theKulturkampf he stood firmly for the freedom of theChurch, suffered many penalties, and died an exile inBelgium. Franz Kaspar Drobe (1882-91) revived the institutions for theeducation ofpriests. Hubertus Simar (1891-1900) rebuilt thetheologicalseminary in 1895 and becameArchbishop ofCologne in 1900; Wilhelm Schneider (1900-09) was a philosopher andtheologian; Karl Joseph Schulte, formerly Professor of Apologetics and Canon Law in Paderborn, was elected in 1909, andconsecrated 19 March, 1910.

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