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(MADRASPATAM; MADRASPATANA)
Archdiocese inIndia. Its area is about 40,350 square miles, and the population about 50,000 out of a total of over seven millions. Thediocese is under the care ofsecular clergy (European and native) and the missionaries of St. Joseph, Mill Hill. There are in the archdiocese 47 churches and 135chapels in charge of 59priests (of whom 39 areEuropeans,18 natives and 2 Eurasians), assisted by the Brothers of St. Patrick and ofSt. Francis of Assisi, Nuns of the Orders of the Presentation and the Good Shepherd, the Sisters of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, and the Native Sisterhoods of St. Anne, ofSt. Francis of Assisi, of St. Fancis Xavier, numbering in all 262.
From the year 1606 the districts covered by the present Diocese of Madras belonged to the Padroado See of San Thomé. In 1642, however, aCapuchin mission was started at Madras and erected into aprefecture Apostolic underPropaganda. This mission was kept up by the same order until the substitution of avicariate Apostolic in 1832. The frequent vacancies of the See of San Thomé and other reasons led theHoly See in 1832 to erect a newvicariate Apostolic in place of the oldprefecture Apostolic, and, by the brief "Multa Praclare" of 1838, to withdraw entirely thejurisdiction of San Thomé as well as the other Padroado suffragansees, transferring this portion of it to the newVicar Apostolic of Madras, the other portions being assigned to the Vicars Apostolic of Madura, of Bengal, and of the Coromandel Coast (Pondicherry), etc. The Vicariate of Madras was at first very extensive, but was reduced by the erection of new vicariates — those ofVizagapatam in 1849 and Hyderabad in 1851. On the establishment of thehierarchy in 1886, Madras was made into an archdiocese, with Vizagapatam and Hyderabad as suffragandioceses, and the following year a third suffragansee was added atNagpur by a subdivision of the territory of Vizagapatnam. Subsequently the Doab of Raichur was ceded to Hyderabad, and thus the present boundaries were arrived at. Within the confines of the archdiocese there are five exempted churches in Madras belonging to thejurisdiction of San Thomé, and on the other hand Adyar in the Mylapore confines is under thejurisdiction of Madras.
The list ofCapuchin prefects Apostolic from 1642 to 1832 is not accessible. Vicars Apostolic:John Bede Polding O.S.B., nominated in 1832, but declined; Pedro D'Alcantara, O. Carm. Disc., Vic. Ap. ofBombay, appointedad interim 1834-35; Daniel O'Connell, O.S. A., 1835-40; Patrick Joseph Carew, 1840-42; John Fennelly, 1842-68; Stephen Fennelly, 1868-80; Joseph Colgan, 1882, becamearchbishop in 1886, still living; present coadjutor-bishop, John Aelen, since 1892. The Mill Hill Fathers, who first entered the diocese in 1882, have St. Mary'sEuropean High School, Madras, founded 1906, with 130European pupils; St. Gabnel's High School, Madras, founded 1839, with 200 native pupils; St. Joseph'sEuropean School, Bellary, with 65 boarders and 20 day-scholars; Native Higher Secondary School, Bellary, with 100 Telugu pupils. The Brothers of St. Patrick, established 1875, have St. Patrick's Orphanage, Adyar, wlth 90orphans, alsoEuropean Boarding School with 60 pupils, The Teritary, Brothers ofSt. Francis of Assisi, founded 1889, established at Bellary, 1899, have aschool with 52 boarders and primaryschool with 117 boys.
The Presentation Nuns, established 1842, have the Presentation Convent College, Madras with 225 boarders and 225 day scholars, besides a branchschool at Royapuram, with 104 pupils; at Vepery, aconvent school with 40 boarders and 91 day scholars, anorphanage with 22 inmates, and St. Joseph's High School (founded 1884) with 20 pupils. The Good Shepherd Nuns, established in 1875 at Bellary noviciate of the order, and also of Native sisters ofSt. Francis Xavier; St. Philomena's High School forEuropeans, with boarders and day-scholars (total 135); militaryorphanage, St. Joseph's Orphanage forEuropean Girls, with 65 inmates; St. Xavier's Orphanage, for native children, with 28 inmates; Maglalene asylum andwidows' home opened in 1896, with 19 inmates. Sisters of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, established in 1904: dispensaries at Guntur and Vetapalem, andschools with ahout 140 pupils,novitiate with 6novices. Native Sisters of St. Anne, established at Kilacheri in 1863 (Telugu castenuns):school with 63 pupils;school at Royapuram, founded 1885, with 148 pupils;school at N. George Town, founded 1900, with 150 pupils. Native Sisters ofSt. Francis Xavier: day-school at Phiranghipuram, with 120 pupils, and primaryschool, with 180 boys; teachers' training-school,orphanage andwidows' home;school at Rentachintla. with 180 pupils, and at Patibandla, with 100 pupils; lower secondaryschool at Bellary, with 65 pupils;orphanage, with 20 inmates. Native Sisters Vepery, with 250 pupils;orphanage, with 18 inmates, and founding asylum.
Leaving aside the larger high schools,convent schools, andEuropean and nativeorphanages, there are in the archdiocese 3 Englishschools for boys, 2 for girls, and 4 mixed; 16 Tamilschools for boys, 6 for girls, and 5 mixed; 38 Teluguschools for boys, 6 for girls, and 15 mixed. The TamilCatholic population is strong in Madras and neighbourhood, where there are manychurches while in the outlying parts there are three Telugu mission groups in the Guntur, Bellary and Chingleput districts. As regards indications of missionary progress, the estimatedCatholic population in 1888 was 43, 587, as compared with 49,290 in 1908. The finest building in Madras is the oldcathedral,Armenian street, built in 1775; but several fine churches have been erected in the districts.
Local publications include the Madras "Catholic Watchman", a weekly paper started in 1887, the "Madras Catholic directory", published annually since 1851, and covering the whole ofIndia,Burma,Ceylon, and Malacca, with an appendix on Siam andChina; the "Nalla Ayan", a Tamil monthly.
Madras Catholic Directory for 1909 and previous years, especially the year 1867, which contains a special historical account of the Capuchin Mission: Bombay Examiner, 11 May 1907, on Bellary district. A history of the Telugu Missions is in preparation by FATHER KROOT.
APA citation.Hull, E.(1910).Madras. InThe Catholic Encyclopedia.New York: Robert Appleton Company.http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09515a.htm
MLA citation.Hull, Ernest."Madras."The Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. 9.New York: Robert Appleton Company,1910.<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09515a.htm>.
Transcription.This article was transcribed for New Advent by Joseph P. Thomas.Dedicated to the Catholics of Madras.
Ecclesiastical approbation.Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, Censor.Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
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