doi: 10.3390/e26030254.
Ann-Dimensional Chaotic Map with Application in Reversible Data Hiding for Medical Images
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- PMID:38539765
- PMCID: PMC10969703
- DOI: 10.3390/e26030254
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Ann-Dimensional Chaotic Map with Application in Reversible Data Hiding for Medical Images
Yuli Yang et al. Entropy (Basel)..
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Abstract
The drawbacks of a one-dimensional chaotic map are its straightforward structure, abrupt intervals, and ease of signal prediction. Richer performance and a more complicated structure are required for multidimensional chaotic mapping. To address the shortcomings of current chaotic systems, ann-dimensional cosine-transform-based chaotic system (nD-CTBCS) with a chaotic coupling model is suggested in this study. To create chaotic maps of any desired dimension,nD-CTBCS can take advantage of already-existing 1D chaotic maps as seed chaotic maps. Three two-dimensional chaotic maps are provided as examples to illustrate the impact. The findings of the evaluation and experiments demonstrate that the newly created chaotic maps function better, have broader chaotic intervals, and display hyperchaotic behavior. To further demonstrate the practicability ofnD-CTBCS, a reversible data hiding scheme is proposed for the secure communication of medical images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher security than the existing methods.
Keywords: chaotic map; privacy protection; reversible data hiding; secure communication.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Figures
Bifurcation diagrams of (a) logistic; (c) sine; (e) fraction; (g) ICMIC maps; LEs of (b) logistic; (d) sine; (f) fraction; (h) ICMIC maps.
Bifurcation diagrams of (a) logistic; (c) sine; (e) fraction; (g) ICMIC maps; LEs of (b) logistic; (d) sine; (f) fraction; (h) ICMIC maps.
2D trajectories for different 2D chaotic maps: (a) 2D-LSM; (b) 2D-SIM; (c) 2D-SFM; (d) 2D-LSCM; (e) 2D-LSMCL; (f) 2D-LACM.
2D trajectories for different 2D chaotic maps: (a) 2D-LSM; (b) 2D-SIM; (c) 2D-SFM; (d) 2D-LSCM; (e) 2D-LSMCL; (f) 2D-LACM.
Bifurcation diagram for different 2D chaotic maps: (a) 2D-LSM; (b) 2D-SIM; (c) 2D-SFM.
Two LEs for different 2D chaotic maps: (a) of 2D-LSM; (b) of 2D-SIM; (c) of 2D-SFM; (d) of 2D-LSM; (e) of 2D-SIM; (f) of 2D-SFM.
MLE of different chaotic maps.
PEs of different chaotic maps.
The flow chart of the proposed data-hiding algorithm.
Segmentation mask generation process.
Reversible data-hiding results: (a) test1 image; (b) test2 image; (c) test3 image; (d) test4 image; (e) Mask of test1; (f) Mask of test2; (g) Mask of test3; (h) Mask of test4; (i) QR of test1; (j) QR of test2; (k) QR of test3; (l) QR of test4; (m) result of test1; (n) result of test2; (o) result of test3; (p) result of test4.
Decoding result: (a) test1 image; (b) test2 image; (c) test3 image; (d) test4 image; (e) QR of test1; (f) QR of test2; (g) QR of test3; (h) QR of test4; (i) authentication image of test1; (j) authentication image of test2; (k) authentication image of test3; (l) authentication image of test4; (m) PCE of test1; (n) PCE of test2; (o) PCE of test3; (p) PCE of test4.
Histogram analysis: (a) histogram of test1; (b) histogram of encoded test1; (c) histogram of test2; (d) histogram of encoded test2; (e) histogram of test3; (f) histogram of encoded test3; (g) histogram of test4; (h) histogram of encoded test4.
Histogram analysis: (a) histogram of test1; (b) histogram of encoded test1; (c) histogram of test2; (d) histogram of encoded test2; (e) histogram of test3; (f) histogram of encoded test3; (g) histogram of test4; (h) histogram of encoded test4.
Correlation analysis: (a) test1-HVPS; (b) encoded test1-HVPS; (c) test2-HVPS; (d) encoded test2-HVPS; (e) test3-HVPS; (f) encoded test3-HVPS; (g) test4-HVPS; (h) encoded test4-HVPS.
Correlation analysis: (a) test1-HVPS; (b) encoded test1-HVPS; (c) test2-HVPS; (d) encoded test2-HVPS; (e) test3-HVPS; (f) encoded test3-HVPS; (g) test4-HVPS; (h) encoded test4-HVPS.
Encoded pixel ratio.
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