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.2021 May 1;13(5):646.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050646.

Development of In Situ Gelling Meloxicam-Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Formulation for Nose-to-Brain Application

Affiliations

Development of In Situ Gelling Meloxicam-Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Formulation for Nose-to-Brain Application

Gábor Katona et al. Pharmaceutics..

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop an intranasal in situ thermo-gelling meloxicam-human serum albumin (MEL-HSA) nanoparticulate formulation applying poloxamer 407 (P407), which can be administered in liquid state into the nostril, and to increase the resistance of the formulation against mucociliary clearance by sol-gel transition on the nasal mucosa, as well as to improve drug absorption. Nanoparticle characterization showed that formulations containing 12-15%w/w P407 met the requirements of intranasal administration. The Z-average (in the range of 180-304 nm), the narrow polydispersity index (PdI, from 0.193 to 0.328), the zeta potential (between -9.4 and -7.0 mV) and the hypotonic osmolality (200-278 mOsmol/L) of MEL-HSA nanoparticles predict enhanced drug absorption through the nasal mucosa. Based on the rheological, muco-adhesion, drug release and permeability studies, the 14%w/w P407 containing formulation (MEL-HSA-P14%) was considered as the optimized formulation, which allows enhanced permeability of MEL through blood-brain barrier-specific lipid fraction. Cell line studies showed no cell damage after 1-h treatment with MEL-HSA-P14% on RPMI 2650 human endothelial cells' moreover, enhanced permeation (four-fold) of MEL from MEL-HSA-P14% was observed in comparison to pure MEL. Overall, MEL-HSA-P14% can be promising for overcoming the challenges of nasal drug delivery.

Keywords: RPMI 2650 nasal epithelial cell; brain PAMPA; muco-adhesion; quality by design; rapid equilibrium dialysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc. had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preparation of MEL-HSA-P407.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Interdependence rating amongst QTPPs (A), CQAs (C) and MEL-HSA, MEL-HSA-P407 formulations with the corresponding severity scores for QTPPs (B) and CQAs (D). Abbreviations: H: high, L: low, M: medium.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of the P407 concentration on the gelling temperature (A), gelling time at 37 °C (B), and gel strength (C). Data is presented as means ± SD,n = 5.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adhesive force (A) and adhesive work (B) of the compositions in various P407 concentrations. Data is presented as means ± SD,n = 5.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FITC-labelled MEL-HSA nanoparticles and their distribution in gel structure containing various concentrations of P407 at 60× magnification.
Figure 6
Figure 6
In vitro dissolution profiles of MEL-HSA-P407 formulations in comparison to starting MEL. Data is presented as means ± SD,n = 5.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Fluxes in PAMPA-BBB permeability study of MEL-HSA-P407 formulations compared to starting MEL. Data is presented as means ± SD,n = 6.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cell viability of RPMI 2650nasal epithelial cells after a 1-h treatment with MEL, MEL-HSA-P14% formulation, or with their components, measured by impedance. The values are presented as a percentage of the control group (means ± SD,n = 6–12). Statistical analysis: ANOVA and Dunett’s test. ***p < 0.01, compared to the control group. TX-100, Triton X-100 detergent.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Permeability of MEL (2 mg/mL in all samples) and MEL-HSA-P14% nano-formulation across a co-culture model of human RPMI 2650 nasal epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells (1-h assay). Values are presented as means ± SD,n = 3. ***p < 0.001 significantly different from MEL control.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the co-culture model after a 1-h treatment with MEL and MEL-HSA-P14% (A). Values for paracellular permeability markers fluorescein-labeled dextran (FD10) and Evans blue-labeled albumin (EBA) after a 1-h treatment with MEL and the nano-formulation (B). Values are presented as means ± SD,n = 3. C: control; MEL; MEL-HSA-P14%. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 significantly different from control.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Immunostaining for junctional linker proteins ZO-1 and β-catenin on human RPMI 2650 nasal epithelial cell layers following a 1-h treatment with MEL and MEL-HSA-P14%. The control group (C) received only medium. Red: junctional proteins; blue: cell nuclei. Scale bar: 20 μm.
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