Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

MDPI full text link MDPI Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

Review
.2020 Apr 21;25(8):1929.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25081929.

Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders

Affiliations
Review

Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders

Salman Ul Islam et al. Molecules..

Abstract

Although the global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, effective delivery of drug molecules in therapeutic quantities to the central nervous system (CNS) is still lacking. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for the entry of drugs into the brain, as it comprises a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes that limit drugs' entry. In recent times, intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the BBB and treat neurological diseases. The intranasal route for drug delivery to the brain with both solution and particulate formulations has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, including in human trials. The key features determining the efficacy of drug delivery via the intranasal route include delivery to the olfactory area of the nares, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, enhanced penetration of the drugs through the nasal epithelia, and reduced drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. This review describes important neurological disorders, challenges in drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and new nasal delivery techniques designed to overcome these challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery. The potential for treatment possibilities with intranasal transfer of drugs will increase with the development of more effective formulations and delivery devices.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; blood brain barrier; epilepsy; glioblastoma; multiple sclerosis; nanoformulations; neurological disorders; nose-to-brain.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic demonstrating various transport systems that shuttle molecules across the BBB. Very small amount of water-soluble compounds cross through the tight junctions (paracellular), whereas lipid-soluble agents traverse via the transcellular lipophilic pathway. Selective transport systems exist for glucose, amino acids, nucleosides, and other substances, in addition to specific receptor-mediated endocytosis for certain proteins such as insulin and transferrin. (AZT = azathioprine).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Important neurological disorders.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Various important brain targeting nanoformulations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Brain targeting pathways in intranasal administration.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Koshy M., Villano J.L., Dolecek T.A., Howard A., Mahmood U., Chmura S.J., Weichselbaum R.R., McCarthy B.J. Improved survival time trends for glioblastoma using the SEER 17 population-based registries. J. Neuro-Oncol. 2012;107:207–212. doi: 10.1007/s11060-011-0738-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang J., Gu B.J., Masters C.L., Wang Y.-J. A systemic view of Alzheimer disease—Insights from amyloid-β metabolism beyond the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2017;13:612. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.111. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Poewe W., Seppi K., Tanner C.M., Halliday G.M., Brundin P., Volkmann J., Schrag A.-E., Lang A.E. Parkinson disease. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2017;3:17013. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.13. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cummings J., Mintzer J., Brodaty H., Sano M., Banerjee S., Devanand D., Gauthier S., Howard R., Lanctôt K., Lyketsos C.G. Agitation in cognitive disorders: International Psychogeriatric Association provisional consensus clinical and research definition. Int. Psychogeriatr. 2015;27:7–17. doi: 10.1017/S1041610214001963. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abbott N.J., Rönnbäck L., Hansson E. Astrocyte–endothelial interactions at the blood–brain barrier. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006;7:41. doi: 10.1038/nrn1824. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Related information

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
MDPI full text link MDPI Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp