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.2016 Oct 21;16(10):1759.
doi: 10.3390/s16101759.

A Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Monitoring System for Roof Safety Control in Underground Coal Mining

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A Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Monitoring System for Roof Safety Control in Underground Coal Mining

Yiming Zhao et al. Sensors (Basel)..

Abstract

Monitoring of roof activity is a primary measure adopted in the prevention of roof collapse accidents and functions to optimize and support the design of roadways in underground coalmines. However, traditional monitoring measures, such as using mechanical extensometers or electronic gauges, either require arduous underground labor or cannot function properly in the harsh underground environment. Therefore, in this paper, in order to break through this technological barrier, a novel monitoring system for roof safety control in underground coal mining, using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) material as a perceived element and transmission medium, has been developed. Compared with traditional monitoring equipment, the developed, novel monitoring system has the advantages of providing accurate, reliable, and continuous online monitoring of roof activities in underground coal mining. This is expected to further enable the prevention of catastrophic roof collapse accidents. The system has been successfully implemented at a deep hazardous roadway in Zhuji Coal Mine, China. Monitoring results from the study site have demonstrated the advantages of FBG-based sensors over traditional monitoring approaches. The dynamic impacts of progressive face advance on roof displacement and stress have been accurately captured by the novel roadway roof activity and safety monitoring system, which provided essential references for roadway support and design of the mine.

Keywords: FBG sensor; monitoring system; roof; safety control; underground coalmine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic showing the basic principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based monitoring sensors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Framework of the FBG-based monitoring system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Internal schematic of FBG roof separation sensors: 1—Optical fiber; 2—FBG; 3—Wire rope; 4—Cantilever beam; 5—Fixed roller; 6—Spring; 7—Fixed device.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic of FBG roof separation sensors implemented at field.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A packaged FBG roof separation sensor.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic of FBG stress sensors: 1—FBG; 2—Optic fiber; 3—Cantilever beam; 4—Wire rope; 5—Bourdon tube; 6—pressure ring.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Two packaged FBG stress sensors.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic of FBG temperature sensors: 1—FBG sensor; 2—stainless steel case; 3—Fiber jumper.
Figure 9
Figure 9
A packaged FBG temperature sensor.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Reflected wavelength and displacement response curve (FBG roof separation sensor).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Reflected wavelength and pressure response curve (FBG stress sensor).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Reflected wavelength and temperature response curve (FBG temperature sensor).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Geological borehole profile of the 1111(1) longwall working face.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Plan view of FBG sensors layouts in haulage entry roof of 1111(1) working face (unit: Decimeter).
Figure 15
Figure 15
Field implementation of all measurement equipment: (a) FBG roof separation sensors; (b) FBG stress sensors; (c) Electric pressure gauges.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Schematic of the optical path for data transmission at Zhuji coal mine.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Monitoring results of roof displacement during the approaching of the 1111(1) longwall face.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Monitoring results of normal stress loading on roof bolts during the approaching of the 1111(1) longwall face: (a) Electric pressure gauges; (b) FBG stress sensors.
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