Prodromal Alzheimer's disease: successive emergence of the clinical symptoms
- PMID:19067364
- DOI: 10.1002/ana.21509
Prodromal Alzheimer's disease: successive emergence of the clinical symptoms
Abstract
Objective: Whereas cognitive deficits are known to be detectable long before the typical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are evident, previous studies have failed to determine when cognitive functioning actually begins to decline before dementia. Utilizing the long follow-up of the PAQUID study, we examined the emergence of the first clinical symptoms over a 14-year period of follow-up before the dementia phase of AD.
Methods: This study relies on a case-control sample selected from the PAQUID cohort. Of the 3,777 initial subjects of the cohort, 350 subjects experienced development of AD during the 14 years of follow-up. The cases were matched to 350 elderly control subjects. The evolution of scores on cognitive, functional, and depression scales was described throughout the 14-year follow-up using a semiparametric extension of the mixed-effects linear model.
Results: The first decline in cognitive performances appeared as early as 12 years before dementia in measures of semantic memory and conceptual formation. Then, more global deficits appeared that were concomitant with an increase in memory complaints and depressive symptoms. About 2 years later, as a consequence of cognitive dysfunction, the subjects started to become slightly dependent in their activities of daily living. In the last 3 years, the impairment significantly worsened until the subjects reached the dementia phase.
Interpretation: This approach, describing the 14 years preceding dementia, provides a clear illustration of the particularly long and progressive prodromal phase of AD, and shows the successive emergence of cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment during this phase.
Comment in
- Detection of prodromal Alzheimer's disease.Mortimer JA, Petersen RC.Mortimer JA, et al.Ann Neurol. 2008 Nov;64(5):479-80. doi: 10.1002/ana.21552.Ann Neurol. 2008.PMID:19067352No abstract available.
Similar articles
- [Depression and frontal dysfunction: risks for the elderly?].Thomas P, Hazif Thomas C, Billon R, Peix R, Faugeron P, Clément JP.Thomas P, et al.Encephale. 2009 Sep;35(4):361-9. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2008.03.012. Epub 2008 Oct 1.Encephale. 2009.PMID:19748373French.
- Conversion of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia of Alzheimer type is independent to memory deterioration.Rozzini L, Chilovi BV, Conti M, Bertoletti E, Delrio I, Trabucchi M, Padovani A.Rozzini L, et al.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007 Dec;22(12):1217-22. doi: 10.1002/gps.1816.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007.PMID:17562522
- The progression of cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and functional abilities in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease.Stavitsky K, Brickman AM, Scarmeas N, Torgan RL, Tang MX, Albert M, Brandt J, Blacker D, Stern Y.Stavitsky K, et al.Arch Neurol. 2006 Oct;63(10):1450-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.63.10.1450.Arch Neurol. 2006.PMID:17030662
- Mild cognitive impairment: an opportunity to identify patients at high risk for progression to Alzheimer's disease.Levey A, Lah J, Goldstein F, Steenland K, Bliwise D.Levey A, et al.Clin Ther. 2006 Jul;28(7):991-1001. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.07.006.Clin Ther. 2006.PMID:16990077Review.
- [Mild cognitive impairment: a prodromal phase of dementia?].Jonker C, Comijs HC.Jonker C, et al.Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2007 Jul;38(3):115-21.Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2007.PMID:17642317Review.Dutch.
Cited by
- Association between Benzodiazepine Use and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis.Zhong G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y.Zhong G, et al.PLoS One. 2015 May 27;10(5):e0127836. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127836. eCollection 2015.PLoS One. 2015.PMID:26016483Free PMC article.
- Feasibility and validity of mobile cognitive testing in the investigation of age-related cognitive decline.Schweitzer P, Husky M, Allard M, Amieva H, Pérès K, Foubert-Samier A, Dartigues JF, Swendsen J.Schweitzer P, et al.Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2017 Sep;26(3):e1521. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1521. Epub 2016 Aug 19.Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2017.PMID:27539327Free PMC article.
- Faster cognitive decline in the years prior to MR imaging is associated with smaller hippocampal volumes in cognitively healthy older persons.Fleischman DA, Yu L, Arfanakis K, Han SD, Barnes LL, Arvanitakis Z, Boyle PA, Bennett DA.Fleischman DA, et al.Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Jun 5;5:21. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00021. eCollection 2013.Front Aging Neurosci. 2013.PMID:23760360Free PMC article.
- Walking Stroop carpet: an innovative dual-task concept for detecting cognitive impairment.Perrochon A, Kemoun G, Watelain E, Berthoz A.Perrochon A, et al.Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:317-28. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S38667. Epub 2013 Mar 20.Clin Interv Aging. 2013.PMID:23682211Free PMC article.
- Recognition of famous names predicts cognitive decline in healthy elders.Seidenberg M, Kay CD, Woodard JL, Nielson KA, Smith JC, Kandah C, Guidotti Breting LM, Novitski J, Lancaster M, Matthews M, Hantke N, Butts A, Rao SM.Seidenberg M, et al.Neuropsychology. 2013 May;27(3):333-42. doi: 10.1037/a0032226.Neuropsychology. 2013.PMID:23688215Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical