Movatterモバイル変換

Proposal (605) toSouth American Classification Committee

Change linear sequence of species inSporophila

Effecton SACC:This proposal would modify the linear sequence of species inSporophila to reflect relationshipsshown in the latest research.

Background: See SACC proposal604 for anoverview. Our current linear sequence isas follows.

SporophilafrontalisBuffy-fronted Seedeater
Sporophila falcirostrisTemminck's Seedeater
Sporophila schistaceaSlate-coloredSeedeater
Sporophila plumbeaPlumbeous Seedeater
Sporophila corvinaVariable Seedeater
Sporophila intermediaGray Seedeater
Sporophila americanaWing-barred Seedeater
Sporophila murallae Caqueta Seedeater
Sporophila collarisRusty-collared Seedeater
Sporophila bouvronidesLesson's Seedeater
Sporophila lineolaLined Seedeater
Sporophila luctuosaBlack-and-whiteSeedeater
Sporophila nigricollisYellow-belliedSeedeater
Sporophila ardesiacaDubois's Seedeater
Sporophila caerulescensDouble-collaredSeedeater
Sporophila albogularisWhite-throatedSeedeater
Sporophila leucopteraWhite-belliedSeedeater
Sporophila peruvianaParrot-billed Seedeater
Sporophila simplexDrab Seedeater
Sporophila nigrorufaBlack-and-tawnySeedeater
Sporophila bouvreuilCopper Seedeater
Sporophila pileataPearly-bellied Seedeater
Sporophila minutaRuddy-breasted Seedeater
Sporophila hypoxanthaTawny-belliedSeedeater
Sporophila ruficollisDark-throated Seedeater
Sporophila palustrisMarsh Seedeater
Sporophila castaneiventrisChestnut-belliedSeedeater
Sporophila hypochromaRufous-rumpedSeedeater
Sporophila cinnamomeaChestnut Seedeater
Sporophila melanogasterBlack-belliedSeedeater
Sporophila telascoChestnut-throatedSeedeater
Oryzoborus funereusThick-billed Seed-Finch
Oryzoborus angolensisChestnut-belliedSeed-Finch
Oryzoborus crassirostrisLarge-billedSeed-Finch
Oryzoborus maximilianiGreat-billedSeed-Finch
Oryzoborus atrirostrisBlack-billed Seed-Finch
Dolospingus fringilloidesWhite-napedSeedeater

Newinformation: See SACC proposal604 for more details,but briefly, Mason and Burns (2013) sampled 33 out of the 39 species currentlyrecognized by Clements et al. (2013) in their study of phylogeneticrelationships within this group, and found thatSporophila is paraphyletic as currently defined (Figure 1).

Moreover,many of the strongly supported nodes in Mason and Burns (2013) represent novelrelationships that are not reflected in the current linear sequence of thisgroup.

Asequence modified to reflect these relationships, with the positions of six unsampledtaxa (S. americana, S. ardesiaca, S.bouvronides, S. frontalis, S. murallae, andS. nigrorufa) inferred from other sources is as follows, usingstandard conventions, i.e., least-diverse (# taxa at same rank) branch first,sister taxa or allospecies in superspecies listed geographically, NW to SE; wehave used tabs to signify nodes:

SporophilabouvronidesLesson's Seedeater¹

SporophilalineolaLined Seedeater

SporophilaleucopteraWhite-bellied Seedeater

Sporophila peruvianaParrot-billedSeedeater

Sporophila telascoChestnut-throatedSeedeater

                       Sporophila simplexDrabSeedeater

SporophilacastaneiventrisChestnut-bellied Seedeater

                       Sporophila minutaRuddy-breastedSeedeater

SporophilanigrorufaBlack-and-tawny Seedeater²
Sporophila bouvreuilCopper Seedeater
Sporophila pileataPearly-bellied Seedeater
Sporophila hypoxanthaTawny-belliedSeedeater
Sporophila ruficollisDark-throatedSeedeater
Sporophila palustrisMarsh Seedeater
Sporophila hypochromaRufous-rumpedSeedeater
Sporophila cinnamomeaChestnut Seedeater
Sporophila melanogasterBlack-belliedSeedeater

Sporophila(Oryzoborus) funerea³Thick-billedSeed-Finch

Sporophila(Oryzoborus) angolensisChestnut-belliedSeed-Finch

Sporophila(Oryzoborus) maximilianiGreat-billedSeed-Finch

Sporophila(Oryzoborus) crassirostrisLarge-billedSeed-Finch

Sporophila(Oryzoborus) atrirostrisBlack-billedSeed-Finch

SporophilacorvinaVariable Seedeater
Sporophila intermediaGray Seedeater

Sporophila americanaWing-barred Seedeater⁴
Sporophila murallae Caqueta Seedeater⁴

Sporophila(Dolospingus) fringilloidesWhite-napedSeedeater

Sporophila luctuosaBlack-and-whiteSeedeater

Sporophila nigricollisYellow-belliedSeedeater

Sporophila ardesiacaDubois'sSeedeater⁵

Sporophila caerulescensDouble-collaredSeedeater

SporophilaschistaceaSlate-colored Seedeater

SporophilafalcirostrisTemminck's Seedeater

SporophilafrontalisBuffy-fronted Seedeater⁶

Sporophila plumbeaPlumbeous Seedeater

Sporophila collarisRusty-collaredSeedeater

Sporophila albogularisWhite-throatedSeedeater

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¹Sporophila bouvronides is almost certainly the sister toS.lineola -- they were considered conspecific by Meyer de Schauensee (1970)but see Schwartz’s (1975).

²Sporophila nigrorufa hastraditionally been considered a member of this group, the “capuchinos,” and soits placement here seems appropriate pending further data.

³Sporophila is feminine,whereasOryzoborusis masculine, so with funereus variable, the endingchanges to “–a”. The species with “-is”endings are variable but would only change ifSporophila were neuter.

⁴Sporophila americana andS.murallae have been considered conspecific withS. corvina; seeStiles (1996) and SACC proposal287.

⁵Sporophila ardesiaca isconsidered only a subspecies or variant ofS. nigricollisand may not bea valid species; see our Note 117.

⁶Sporophila frontalisis a bamboo specialist and has beentraditionally placed adjacent to or near two other bamboo specialists,S.schistacea andS. falcirostris.

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Analysis& Recommendation:The above sequence reflects the new findings of Mason & Burns (2013), allof which make good sense from the ecology and distribution of these birds. We recommend a “YES” (although if 604 doesnot pass,Oryzoborus andDolospingus would be returned to theirformer positions.

LiteratureCited:

Mason, N. A. and K. J. Burns. 2013.Molecular phylogenetics of the Neotropical seedeaters and seed-finches (Sporophila,Oryzoborus,Dolospingus).Ornitología Neotropical 24: 139–155.

Stiles, F. 1996. When black plus whiteequals gray: the nature of variation in the variable seedeater complex(Emberizinae:Sporophila).Ornitologia Neotropical 7: 75–107.

NicholasA. Mason and Van Remsen, November 2013

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Comments from Stiles: “YES. Acceptingthe Mason & Burns topology, this change is reasonable and makes sensegeographically and ecologically. I mightjust make one minor comment: in my paper on theSporophila corvina group, I did not lumpamericanaintocorvinabut retained it as a separate species, which I still think it is. However,given the recent information on contact betweenamericanaandmurallaeplusthe general scenario of bill plasticity in this group, I suspect thatmurallae(to whichIassigned speciesstatus, largely on the basis of bill shape) might best be demoted to asubspecies ofamericana.”

Comments from Zimmer: “YES. Assuming that Proposal #604 passes, then thissequence makes the most sense. This maynot be the place to make this point, but I really wish someone could obtain atissue sample ofConothraupis mesoleuca(Cone-billed Tanager), because I would just about bet the farm that not onlydoes this species not belong in the same genus withC. speculigera, but that it is actually sister toDolospingus fringilloides. Vocal evidence, bill morphology, plumagepattern and progression, ecology, etc. all point tomesoleuca being aDolospingus,which now would mean that it is actually aSporophila,and should be placed immediately followingfringilloidesin the sequence. Unfortunately,mesoleuca is only recently rediscovered,is still considered to be Endangered, and it probably cannot be collected underBrazilian law. That leaves only theholotype as a possible source of tissue.”

Comments from Pacheco: “YES, inn keepingwith the previous proposal. The case of Cone-billed Tanager ("Neverthraupis"mesoleuca) in view of what Kevin said up here should be a proposal.Does the information gathered are not enough to bring it toSporophila? Would molecules say something so differentthat the morphology, behavior and vocalization are already showing?”

Commentsfrom Robbins: “YES,following proposal # 604, adopting the Mason and Burns results, makes this astraightforward proposal.”