Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Log InRegister
AboutSupport UsPhotosDiscussionsSearchLearnMore
Quick Links :The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Magnetite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored.Click here to sponsor this page.
Photos of Magnetite (3193)Discuss MagnetiteView 'Best Of' Article
Magnetite GallerySearch Photos of Magnetite
EditAdd SynonymEdit CIF structuresClear Cache
Originally called lodestone as early as 1548 and by other names. Named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger for the locality at Magnesia, Greece (site forlodestone).
Jacobsite-Magnetite Series.Magnesioferrite-Magnetite Series.

Magnetite is an important iron ore, along withhematite.

It is usually easily distinguished by being strongly magnetic, with black octahedral crystals.

Nanoinclusions of magnetite crystals cause the iridescence ofRainbow obsidian (Nadin, 2007). Extremely thin layers of 200-nm octahedral crystals of magnetite give some basalt surfaces an iridescent sheen (Nadin, 2007).

May precipitate from supersaturated volcanic gas due to its cooling as shown in an experiment by Africano et al. (2002) (actually a predominant precipitate from ca. 850 down to 650oC in this particular experiment).

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Magnetite.



Unique Identifiers

Classification of Magnetite
Dana 8th ed.:
7.2.2.3

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.20.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish black or iron black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ onMohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=681 - 792 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Parting:
On {111}, especially good. Also reported as parting planes: {001}, {011}, {138}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.175 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.2 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Magnetite
Colour in reflected light:
Grey with brownish tint
Internal Reflections:
None
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Twin lamellae and zonal growth pattern exhibited in polished section by magnetite at times.

Chemistry of Magnetite
Common Impurities:
Mg,Zn,Mn,Ni,Cr,Ti,V,Al

Crystallography of Magnetite
Click on an icon to view
Magnetite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Magnetite no.30 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Magnetite no.37 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Magnetite no.53 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Magnetite no.91 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Magnetite no.92 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

Toggle
Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

View
Along a-axis |Along b-axis |Along c-axis |Start rotation |Stop rotation

Crystal Structure
Epitaxy Comments:
Hematite overgrowths on, and inclusions in, magnetite; ilmenite inclusions, rutile overgrowths, chlorite group overgrowths, pyrophanite inclusions; magnetite on hematite; inclusions in muscovite; inclusions in hematite; inclusions in ilmenite; magnetite overgrowths on olivine.

Pseudobrookite on magnetite with pseudobrookite {100}[001] parallel to magnetite {111}[110].

X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.852 Å(8)
2.967 Å(30)
2.532 Å(100)
2.4243 Å(8)
2.0993 Å(20)
1.7146 Å(10)
1.6158 Å(30)
1.4845 Å(40)
1.4192 Å(2)
1.3277 Å(4)
1.2807 Å(10)
1.2659 Å(4)
1.2119 Å(2)
1.1221 Å(4)
1.0930 Å(12)
1.0496 Å(6)
0.9896 Å(2)
0.9695 Å(6)
0.9632 Å(4)
0.9388 Å(4)
0.8952 Å(2)
0.8802 Å(6)
0.8569 Å(8)
0.8233 Å(4)
0.8117 Å(6)
Comments:
ICDD 19-629

Geological Environment1 : Stellar atmosphere condensatesStage 1: Primary nebular phases4.567-4.5614 : Primary chondrule phases4.566–4.561Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.5505 : Primary asteroid phases4.566–4.5606 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.508 : Mafic igneous rocksStage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.4515 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal mineralsStage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust>4.4-3.019 : Granitic intrusive rocks20 : Acidic volcanic rocksNear-surface Processes21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)26 : Hadean detrital mineralsStage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.036 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE mineralsStage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.538 : Ophiolites40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere<4.044 : Anoxic microbially mediated minerals (see also #44)Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.445b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals]47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.649 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)<0.54
Geological Setting:
Common igneous accessory mineral. In sedimentary banded iron formations.

Synonyms of Magnetite

Other Language Names for Magnetite

Varieties of MagnetiteChrommagnetiteA Cr-bearing variety of magnetite with Cr3+ contents 0.50-1 apfu; a member ofChromite-Magnetite Series.HydromagnetiteA hydrated Magnetite.IshkuliteA Cr-bearing variety of magnetite with Cr3+ contents of 0.10-0.50 apfu.
A member of theChromite-Magnetite Series.LodestoneA variety of magnetite that is a natural magnet (magnetized).MagnomagnetiteMg-bearing variety of magnetite.ManganmagnetiteA variety of magnetite containing Mn 2+ substituting for Fe 2+.Mg-TitanomagnetiteTitanium- and magnesium-richmagnetite.MushketoviteThe name given for magnetite pseudomorphs afterhematite.

For pseudomorphs of hematite after magnetite, see "martite".Nickel-bearing MagnetiteTin-bearing MagnetiteTitanium-bearing MagnetiteA titanium-bearing variety of magnetite.Vanadium and Titanium-bearing MagnetiteMay also be formulated as vanadiferous titanomagnetite.Vanadium-bearing MagnetiteA V-bearing variety of magnetite. V content reported up to 4.84% (India).Vanodiochrome spinelA vanadian chromianMagnetite variety.
Using the name "Vanadiochrome spinel", Mathiesen (1970) describes a magnetite containing large amounts of vanadium (16,98% V2O3) and chrome (Cr2O3), occuring in a small area with felsic rock cut by veins filled with ...Zinc-bearing MagnetiteIntermediate members of the Magnetite-Franklinite series with Fe2+>Zn. The ZnO content may reach 12.9 mass%, equalling 0.35 apfu.

Relationship of Magnetite to other Species
Other Members of Spinel Subgroup:
ChihmingiteNiAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)
DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Deltalumite(Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4Tet.42m :P4m2
FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
GahniteZnAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd
HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd
JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Jacobsite-QMn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd
Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P4132
MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)
MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
SpinelMgAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P4332
TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
UM1994-06-O:AlCoCoAl2O4
VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Forms a series with:
MagnesioferriteMagnesioferrite-Magnetite Series
JacobsiteJacobsite-Magnetite Series
ChromiteChromite-Magnetite Series
MaghemiteKenomagnetite

Common AssociatesOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.ChukocheniteLiAl5O8Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Imma4.BB.Elgoresyite(Mg5Si2)O9Mon. 2/m :B2/m4.BB.JianmuiteZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16Tet.4 :I44.BB.DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.GarpenbergiteMn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.BB.MagnéliiteTi3+2Ti4+2O7Tric.1 :P14.BB.05Qandilite(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05Filipstadite(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4Iso.4.BB.05JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05WernerkrauseiteCa(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.05HarmuniteCaFe2O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcm4.BB.05ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05Deltalumite(Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4Tet.42m :P4m24.BB.05FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05GahniteZnAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.4.BB.05CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05SpinelMgAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.BB.05ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.BB.05TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05UlvöspinelTiFe2+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.10HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd4.BB.10HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd4.BB.10Manganostibite(Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.BB.15Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P43324.BB.15Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P41324.BB.20Tegengrenite(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4Trig. 3 :R34.BB.25XieiteFe2+Cr2O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.BB.30CarmeltaziteZrAl2Ti4O11Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.35FeiiteFe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm4.BB.40MaohokiteMgFe2O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.45Tschaunerite (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm

Fluorescence of Magnetite

Other InformationGranitoid
  • Syenitoid
  • Coarse-grained-ultramafic-rock
  • Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock
  • Fine-grained ultramafic-rock
  • Porphyry
  • Exotic crystalline igneous rock
  • Sedimentary rock and sediment
  • Metamorphic rock

    • Internet Links for Magnetite
    Search Engines:
  • Look for Magnetite on Google
  • Look for Magnetite images on Google
  • Look for Magnetite on Bing
  • Look for Magnetite images on Bing
  • Look for Magnetite on DuckDuckGo
  • Look for Magnetite images on DuckDuckGo
  • Look for Magnetite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library
    • External Links:
  • Look for Magnetite on Webmineral
  • Look for Magnetite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Magnetite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Blue Gems Australian & International
  • Buy from D. Joyce minerals
  • Buy from McDougall Minerals
  • Wilensky Exquisite Minerals
  • High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service
  • Buy rare minerals from Excalibur Minerals

    • References for MagnetiteⓘKara No. 1 PitWhitehead+3 other references
    Canada
     
    Ontario Ministry of Northern ...+2 other referencesOlivier Langelier Collection+1 other reference
    France
     
    Pierrot R. et al. (1975)
    Greenland
     
    Petersen et al. (1985)
    Italy
     
    Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10)+1 other reference
    Norway
     
    [var: Vanodiochrome spinel]Mathiesen (1970)
    Portugal
     
    Collected by Rui Nunes in several ...
    UK
     
    [Specimen in the Natural History Museum
    USA
     
    Toland (2004)Williams (circa 1945)+2 other referencesSchooner (circa 1985)Dale (1910)Dunn (1995)+1 other reference- (Dana, 1874)+1 other referenceBetts (n.d.)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 13:213.+1 other referenceMiller. C. E. (1971)Hawley (1934)Hawley (1934)
    Quick NavTopAbout MagnetiteUnique IdentifiersIMA ClassificationClassificationMineral SymbolsPhysical PropertiesOptical DataChemistryCrystallographyCrystallographic formsCrystal StructureEpitaxial RelationshipsX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentSynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescenceOther InformationMagnetite in petrologyInternet LinksReferencesSignificant localitiesLocality List
     
    and/or 
    Mindat.org is an outreach project of theHudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
    Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are© OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 byJolyon Ralph.
    Privacy Policy -Terms & Conditions -Contact Us / DMCA issues -Report a bug/vulnerabilityCurrent server date and time: April 22, 2025 14:17:29 Page updated: April 21, 2025 00:53:07