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Galena

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored byMark Kucera
Photos of Galena (7941)View 'Best Of' Article
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Named by Pliny the Elder in 77-79 from the Greek "galene" meaning "lead ore".
Galena Group.

Galena is the primary ore mineral of lead. Worked for its lead and silver contents (the latter as minute inclusions of various silver sulphosalts) as early as 3000 BC, it is found in ore veins withsphalerite,pyrite,chalcopyrite,tennantite-tetrahedrite, etc. and in skarns, as well as in sedimentary rocks where it may replace carbonate beds or be deposited in pore spaces. The crystals are bright when fresh but often tarnish after exposure to air.
The most common weathering products arecerussite andanglesite.


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Galena
2.8.1.1

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.6.5

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
6 : Sulphides etc. of Sb and Pb

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Galena
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-grey
Streak:
Lead-grey
Hardness:
VHN100=79 - 104 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Parting:
{111}; may be caused by exsolution lamellae (e.g. bismuth and bismuthinite, Meixner & Paar (1977); see also Ramdohr, 1975).
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.60 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.57 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Galena
Colour in reflected light:
White
Comments:
Often will form triangular pits in poorly polished sections.

Chemistry of Galena
Common Impurities:
Ag,Cu,Fe,Bi

Age distribution
Click on an icon to view
Galena no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.4 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.23 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.37 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.45 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.46 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Galena no.68 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

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Crystal Structure
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.429 Å(84)
2.969 Å(100)
2.099 Å(57)
1.790 Å(35)
1.714 Å(16)
1.484 Å(10)
1.362 Å(10)
1.327 Å(17)
1.212 Å(10)
1.1424 Å(6)
1.0489 Å(3)
1.0034 Å(5)
0.9893 Å(6)
0.9386 Å(4)
0.9050 Å(2)
0.8962 Å(4)
0.8568 Å(1)
0.8312 Å(3)
0.8232 Å(3)
Comments:
ICDD 5-592 Synthetic

Geological Environment

Sulphuret of Lead

Other Language Names for Galena

Varieties of GalenaBlaubleierzGalena pseudomorph after pyromorphite (see alsoplumbeine). Also used for coatings of epitaxial, oriented films of galena on pyromorphite.

Literally "blue lead ore".BleischweifOld name for very fine-grained galena, usually caused by recrystallisation under tectonic stress. Older spelling isBleyschweif.

"Bleischweif" occasionally appears in discrete ductile shear zones which have been reactivated after the main ore has crystal...BleispiegelSlickenslide galena that forms mirror-like, flattish to slightly curved surfaces.

Not to be confused withBleischweif.Galène tricotéeLiterally means "knitted galena".

The German name isStrickblende when it occurs with colloform sphalerite orGestrickter Bleiglanz when no colloform sphalerite is present.Gestrickter BleiglanzAcicular Galena. Literally means "knitted galena"; a similar designation isStrickblende but that name only can be used when colloform sphalerite is present as well.

The French name is "Galène tricotée".Gold-bearing GalenaA gold-bearing variety of galena; probably microscopic or nano-inclusions of gold or gold-bearingminerals in the galena.Johnstonite (of Haidinger)Possibly galena with a supposed excess of S. Maybe a mixture ofGalena,Anglesite and/orSulphur.PlumbeineGalena pseudomorphs afterpyromorphite (identical toBlaubleierz) - originally thought to be a hexagonal polymorph of galena (A. Breithaupt, 1863: Berg. Hütt. Zeit. 22, 36).Selenium-bearing GalenaA selenium-bearing variety of galena.Silver-bearing GalenaSilver-bearing galena. Usually, the silver is present as tiny inclusions of various silver sulphosalts.SteinmanniteSupposedly a variety of galena with part of the lead replaced with antimony and arsenic. Probably a mixture.


Ref: Standard, 2U-GalenaA variety of Galena containing uranium-derived lead of isotope Pb-206.

Relationship of Galena to other Species
Other Members of Galena Group:
AlabanditeMnSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
AltaitePbTeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
ClausthalitePbSeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)SIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
Oldhamite(Ca,Mg)SIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma2.CD.05TeallitePbSnS2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma2.CD.05HerzenbergiteSnSOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)2.CD.10 vaQuiroguitePb23Sb6S322.CD.10ClausthalitePbSeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10Keilite(Fe2+,Mg)SIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10AlabanditeMnSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)SIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10AltaitePbTeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10Oldhamite(Ca,Mg)SIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.15aCinnabarHgSTrig. 32 :P31212.CD.15bHypercinnabarHgSHex.

Fluorescence of Galena

Other Information
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  • References for GalenaMar Alp water tunnelNiedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)
    Belgium
     
    Harjo Neutkens collection.+1 other reference
    Bulgaria
     
    Bonev (2007)+1 other reference
    Canada
     
    Rocks & Min.: 64:32.+5 other referencesOscar Jose Tessari (1979)+1 other reference
    France
     
    Alain Steinmetz and Thierry Brunsperger ...[var: Silver-bearing Galena]Mines+1 other referenceMinesBelot (1978)+1 other reference
    Germany
     
    Schachner (1961)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)
    Ireland
     
    Flannery (n.d.)+2 other referencesHenwood (1871)+6 other references
    Italy
     
    Benvenuti et al. (2000)
    Peru
     
    - (1997)Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...+2 other references- (1997)- (1997)
    Poland
     
    Coppola et al. (2009)
    Portugal
     
    Luis Martins in-situ observations
    Romania
     
    Mârza+8 other references
    Russia
     
    Dobovol'skaya et al. (1990)+3 other references
    South Africa
     
    Wilson (2001)
    UK
     
    Dines et al. (1956)+1 other referenceFluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...Dunham Sir K C
    USA
     
    Rocks & Min.: 64:22&26.+7 other references355-376+4 other references355-376+4 other referencesEcon Geol (1992)+1 other referenceDana 7:I:592.+1 other referenceRocks & Min.+3 other references
     
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