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Gahnite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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ZnAl2O4
Colour:
Dark blue-green, yellow, brown, black
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
4.62 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Spinel Subgroup >Oxyspinel Group >Spinel Supergroup
Name:
Named in 1807 by Baron Karl Marie Ehrenbert von Moll in honor of Swedish chemist and mineralogist, Johan Gottlieb Gahn [August 19, 1745 Voxna Bruk, Hälsingland, Sweden - December 8, 1818 Falun, Sweden]. The new name replaced automalite named by Anders Gustav Ekeberg.
Type Locality:
ⓘFalun mine, Falun, Dalarna County, Sweden
Gahnite-Hercynite Series, and theGahnite-Spinel Series.

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Gahnite.



Unique Identifiers
First published:
1807

Classification of Gahnite
Dana 8th ed.:
7.2.1.4

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.5.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg

Mineral Symbols
Colour:
Dark blue-green, yellow, brown, black
Streak:
Grey
Hardness:
7½ - 8 onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.62 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Gahnite
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mg

Chemical Analysis
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.438 Å(100)
2.861 Å(84)
1.429 Å(43)
1.556 Å(40)
1.650 Å(24)
0.8251 Å(13)
1.0525 Å(12)
Comments:
Synthetic. Data from Swanson and Fuyat (1953).

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.

Synonyms of Gahnite

Other Language Names for Gahnite

Varieties of GahniteKreittoniteA Fe-bearing (ferroan) variety of gahnite. The Zn:Fe ratio goes to 1.64:1.Manganese-bearing Gahnite

Relationship of Gahnite to other Species
Other Members of Spinel Subgroup:
ChihmingiteNiAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)
DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Deltalumite(Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4Tet.42m :P4m2
FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd
HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd
JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Jacobsite-QMn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd
Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P4132
MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)
MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
SpinelMgAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P4332
TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
UM1994-06-O:AlCoCoAl2O4
VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m
Forms a series with:
SpinelGahnite-Spinel Series
HercyniteGahnite-Hercynite Series

Common AssociatesOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.ChukocheniteLiAl5O8Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Imma4.BB.Elgoresyite(Mg5Si2)O9Mon. 2/m :B2/m4.BB.JianmuiteZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16Tet.4 :I44.BB.DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.GarpenbergiteMn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.BB.MagnéliiteTi3+2Ti4+2O7Tric.1 :P14.BB.05Qandilite(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05Filipstadite(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4Iso.4.BB.05JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05WernerkrauseiteCa(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.05HarmuniteCaFe2O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcm4.BB.05ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05Deltalumite(Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4Tet.42m :P4m24.BB.05FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.4.BB.05CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05SpinelMgAl2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.BB.05ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.BB.05TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.05UlvöspinelTiFe2+2O4Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.BB.10HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd4.BB.10HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I41/amd4.BB.10Manganostibite(Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.BB.15Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P43324.BB.15Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 :P41324.BB.20Tegengrenite(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4Trig. 3 :R34.BB.25XieiteFe2+Cr2O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.BB.30CarmeltaziteZrAl2Ti4O11Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.35FeiiteFe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm4.BB.40MaohokiteMgFe2O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.BB.45Tschaunerite (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm

Other Information
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    • References for GahniteⓘType V pegmatitesGonçalves et al. (2019)
    Antarctica
     
    Абдрахманов et al. (2021)+1 other reference
    Argentina
     
    Tourmaline (extraLapis English, # 3, 2002)Victorio Angelelli (1958)Colombo et al. (2006)Colombo et al. (2006)Econ Geol (1995)GALLISKI (1983)+1 other referenceGalliski et al. (2006)+1 other referenceGalliski et al. (2012)
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    Maslennikov et al. (2023)
    Australia
     
    Stevens et al. (2003)Northern Broken Hill BlockSorrell (n.d.)Ramdohr (1950)Spry et al. (2003)+1 other referenceBlampain et al. (2006)www.mindat.org (2012)P.M. Buckley (2003)Ramdohr (1950)Birch et al. (1988)Burton (1994)McQueen (1984)+3 other referencesTeale et al. (2006)NSW Geological Survey report GS1951/049 ...+1 other referenceStevens et al. (2003)Uwe Kolitsch collectionStevens et al. (2003)Slack et al. (1993)Stevens et al. (2003)Stevens et al. (2003)Trevor Dart+1 other referenceStevens et al. (2003)Based on photographs uploadedPlimer (1977)Stevens et al. (2003)Skwarnecki (2004)Robertson (1959)Kojan (1982)www.portergeo.com.au (2003)+1 other referenceHarvey (1989)Singer et al. (2009)Abbot (2005)SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...Ben GrguricNoble et al. (1983)Noble R.J et al. (1983)C.H.H. Conor (2003)SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...The Geology of South AustraliaVerdugo-Ihl et al. (2021)Bottrill+1 other referenceParbhakar-Fox et al. (2019)Jacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)- (Perth 2007)+2 other referencesSimpson (1951)Cornelius et al. (2004)Economic Geology (1996)+3 other referencesYeats et al. (1998)+1 other reference
    Austria
     
    Kolitsch et al. (2015)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Postl et al. (2011)Exel (1993)Niedermayr (2007)+1 other referenceNiedermayr (2007)Arthofer (2005)Brandstetter (1998)+2 other references
    Belgium
     
    Kramm (1979)+1 other referenceJosé Dehove collection.Theye et al. (1994)Hatert et al. (2002)
    Bolivia
     
    Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
     
    Koch (1899)+7 other references
    Brazil
     
    Cassedanne et al. (1980)Econ Geol (1986)Queiroz (2016)Baijot et al. (2014)Andrade et al. (2013)Slezak et al. (pdf available at https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/7027?mode=full)Beurlen et al. (2013)+1 other referenceBeurlen et al. (2008)www.minsocam.org (2004)Beurlen+7 other referencesBeurlen et al. (2008)+1 other referenceBeurlen+4 other referencesAraujo et al. (1995)
    Burkina Faso
     
    Econ Geol (2003)+1 other referenceSchaeneman (1994)
    Canada
     
    Webster et al. (1992)Sabina (1972)Dixon et al. (2014)Ercit et al. (2010)Bannatyne (1985)Bannatyne (1985)Bannatyne (1985)Bernhardt Augsten et al. (1986)+1 other referenceSabina (1972)Calvert C. Bristol and Edgar Froese (1989)Zaleski et al. (1991)Alexandre (2025)Nikischer et al. (2012)O'Reilly et al. (1982)Lougheed+5 other referencesMDI Number: MDI31C11SW00018Charles A. Tarnocai et al. (1997)+1 other referenceGeoffrey Khalil Abdallah (1990)Pedersen et al. (2002)Canadian Mineralogist 36+1 other referenceStorey C.C. and Vos M.A. (1981)Spry (1983)+2 other referencesEcon Geol. (1995)Riverin et al. (1980)Economic Geology December 1+1 other referenceArguin et al. (2018)Williams (1990)Coombe Geoconsultants Ltd. (1991)Steadman et al. (2015)Steadman et al. (2015)Steadman et al. (2015)Steadman et al. (2015)
    China
     
    Feng et al. (2022)Orris et al. (2002)Gu Xiongfei et al. (1976)Li et al. (2022)+1 other referenceZhao et al. (2003)Xie et al. (2024)Zhang Rubo (1981)
    Czech Republic
     
    Povondra et al. (eds.)+1 other referenceBeran (Ag, Au, Co)+2 other referencesLososČech F.Łodziński et al. (2011)Novák (2003)Łodziński et al. (2011)Kruťa et al. (Hrubý Jeseník, Hohes Gesenke, ČSSR)Procházka (1969)Łodziński et al. (2011)NovákDuda+2 other referencesDrozenStaněkUher et al. (1998)Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější ...Němec et al. (1976)+1 other referenceHouzar S.: Zinkem a baryem bohaté minerální asociace (sfalerit - Zn-spinel - hyalofán - Ba-flogopit)Novák et al. (1997)
    Ethiopia
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Finland
     
    Ilkka Mikkola collectionReijo Alviola collection and ...Sunblad (2008)Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ...+1 other referencePeltonen et al. (2008)Haapala Ilmari 1977 Petrography and ...+1 other referenceLips (2006)Laitakari (1967)www.gsf.fi (2002)Niskanen (2014)Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
    France
     
    P. PicotDe Ascençao Guedes (2003)P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des ...P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des ...CHAURIS L. (1982)Sinkankas (1981)Lheur et al. (1998)Berbain et al. (2005)Guitard (2010)
    Germany
     
    Walenta (1992)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Obermüller et al. (1993)+1 other referenceDill et al. (2012)Blessing et al. (1991)Bender et al. (1994)
    Greece
     
    Iliopoulos et al. (2004)Feenstra et al. (2003)Ockenga et al. (1998)+1 other reference
    Greenland
     
    Appel (2000)Uitterdijk Appel (1986)Uitterdijk Appel et al. (1987)
    Guyana
     
    Milton et al. (1976)
    India
     
    Ghosh et al. (2007)Höller et al. (1997)Mukherjee et al. (1998)Mineralogical Magazine 63:743-755.+1 other reference
    Italy
     
    De Michele (1974)+1 other referenceRivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin)Bedognè (1991)AA. VV.AA. VV.Piccoli et al. (2007)Mattioli V. (1976)+3 other referencesPiccoli et al. (2007)Pani E. (1995)Exel (1987)- (1997)Folie et al. (2010)
    Japan
     
    Yohei Shirose and Seiichiro Uehara (2013)Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)Bulletin of the National Science Museum et al. (4)Osakabe et al. (1983)- (n.d.)Sueoka Y (2013)Chihiro Fukuda and Masahide Akasaka (2005)
    Kazakhstan
     
    Hwang et al. (2006)Shpanov et al. (1971)
    Lithuania
     
    Prušinskienė et al. (2017)
    Luxembourg
     
    Philippo et al. (2007)
    Madagascar
     
    Behier (1963)Behier (1963)
    Mauritania
     
    Marsh et al. (2015)Marsh et al. (2015)
    Mexico
     
    Megaw (2023)
    Mozambique
     
    Gomes et al. (2022)Quadrado et al. (1963)
    Namibia
     
    von Bezing (2007)Keller et al. (1989)Econ Geology (1993)A. Wohlschläger (2001)+1 other referenceEttler et al. (2009)
    New Zealand
     
    Lilley+2 other referencesHutton (1957)Tulloch (1981)
    Nigeria
     
    D'Ippolito+7 other referencesJacobson (1947)
    North Macedonia
     
    Estep (1977)+2 other referencesBermanec et al+2 other referencesChukanov et al. (2015)Jančev et al. (2017)Chukanov et al. (2018)+2 other references
    Norway
     
    Scheerer (1845)Rune S. Selbekk (2010)Larsen et al. (2007)Rune S. Selbekk (2010)Frigstad (1999)Nordrum (2004)Rune S. Selbekk (2010)Neumann (1985)Bullock et al. (2018)Kjerulf et al. (1861)+1 other referenceSelbekk (1991)Vokes (1962)+1 other referenceVokes (1962)Juve (1967)Bjerkgård et al. (2013)Bryhni (1993)+1 other referenceSørbye (1948)+1 other referencePršek et al. (2010)Kristiansen (2009)Larsen. A.O. & Åsheim (2008)Vokes (1962)+1 other referenceWitsø (1994)
    Peru
     
    EDS results by+1 other reference
    Poland
     
    Łodziński et al. (2011)Pieczka et al. (2018)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Schakel et al. (2009)E. SzelegJaneczek J. (1989)+1 other referenceLis et al. (1986)
    Portugal
     
    Marques de Sá et al. (2010)Dias et al. (2009)EV photoMaijer 1965Frank K. Mazdab collectionDias P et al. (2014)
    Romania
     
    Hîrtopanu (1997)+1 other reference
    Russia
     
    Vakh et al. (2009, October)+1 other referenceDoroshkevich et al. (2007)webmineral.ru (2021)Sorokina et al. (2019)webmineral.ru (2021)Sandalov et al. (2023)doi.org (n.d.)+1 other referenceShchipalkina et al. (2020)Pekov et al. (2018)Lennikov et al. (2004)Alekseev et al. (2015)Alekseev et al. (2017)Alekseev et al. (2017)Irina V. Kozyreva dataIvanyuk et al. (2007)Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986)[World of Stones 95:5-6+1 other referenceV.A. Gorelov (1997)Vital'Evna (2021)webcenter.ru (2002)Igor.V. Pekov (2008)Kasatkin et al. (2014)
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Charles W. Smith et al. (1976)
    Serbia
     
    Huska et al. (2015)
    Slovakia
     
    Chudík et al. (2009)Števko M. et al. (2012)Koděra (1986)Uher et al. (n.d.)Uher et al. (Považský Inovec)+1 other referenceUher P.+1 other reference
    South Africa
     
    Spry (1987)+1 other referenceCawood et al. (2020)[AmMin 85:1562]Cairncross et al. (1995)
    Spain
     
    Bareche (2005)& locality references+1 other referenceCalvo (2009)+1 other referenceMerino et al. (2013)ATLANTI et al. (1983)ATLANTI et al. (1983)Calvo Rebollar (2018)Calvo (2009)
    Sri Lanka
     
    Ceylon Aluvial Mine (Book, Co. 2002)Grew+5 other references
    Sweden
     
    Nordstrom (1872)[ZK 120 (1964)+4 other referencesStenberg (2005)Nysten (2003)Öhman et al. (2000)Tiu (2019)Geijer (1965)Geijer (1965)Jansson et al. (2013)Dana 6:A2:43.Wilke (1997)J.Mansfeld.: ...Entered without referencesSandström et al. (2011)Gatedal (n.d.)E. Oudin et al.NJMAh 165Gatedal (n.d.)Holtstam et al. (1999)+1 other referenceGatedal et al. (2003)Gatedal (n.d.)Sandström et al. (2009)Sandström et al. (2009)Gatedal (n.d.)Frank K. Mazdab collection+2 other referencesSandahl+1 other reference
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Ansermet et al. (2012)
    Togo
     
    Togbe (2008)
    Turkey
     
    Smith J L (1851)
    UK
     
    O. von Knorring and R. Dearnley (1960)+1 other reference
    Ukraine
     
    Kurylo et al. (2022)+1 other referenceMudrovska et al. (2005)+2 other referencesLazarenko E.K. e.a. Mineralogy of ...Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    USA
     
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