Background: Disasters generate abrupt surges in humanitarian demand, requiring response strategies that balance operational performance with vulnerability considerations. This study examines how temporary Points of Distribution (PODs) can be planned and activated to support timely and equitable resource distribution after a high-magnitude earthquake. [...] Read more.

Background: Disasters generate abrupt surges in humanitarian demand, requiring response strategies that balance operational performance with vulnerability considerations. This study examines how temporary Points of Distribution (PODs) can be planned and activated to support timely and equitable resource distribution after a high-magnitude earthquake.Methods: A two-stage framework is proposed. First, a modularp-median model identifies POD locations and allocates modular capacity to minimize population-weighted distance under capacity constraints; travel-distance percentiles guide the selection ofp. Second, a SMART-based multi-criteria model ranks facilities using operational metrics and vulnerability indicators, including seismic and economic conditions and the presence of at-risk groups.Results: Evaluation ofp values from 3 to 30 shows substantial reductions in travel distances as PODs increase, with an elbow at$p=12$, where 50% of the residents are within 500 m, 75% within 675 m, and 95% within 1200 m. The SMART analysis forms three priority clusters: facilities 24 and 9 as highest priority; 23, 4, 12, and 22 as medium priority; and the remaining sites as lower priority. Sensitivity analysis shows that rankings are responsive to vulnerability weights, although clusters remain stable.Conclusions: The framework integrates optimization and multi-criteria decision analysis without increasing model complexity, enabling meaningful decision-maker involvement throughout the modeling process.Full article

Tomicus brevipilosus Eggers is a major forest pest affectingPinus yunnanensis Franch andPinus kesiya var.Langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui in Southwest China. While attractants exist for related species, this study aimed to develop a more effective, tailored attractant forT. brevipilosus [...] Read more.

Tomicus brevipilosus Eggers is a major forest pest affectingPinus yunnanensis Franch andPinus kesiya var.Langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui in Southwest China. While attractants exist for related species, this study aimed to develop a more effective, tailored attractant forT. brevipilosus. We assessed the activity of host plant volatiles using electroantennography (EAG). Female and male beetles showed strong responses to different compounds: females to β-pinene, terpinolene, (+)-3-carene, and (R)-(+)-limonene; males to (+)-3-carene, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole, and D(+)-camphor. An optimized blend of these compounds achieved a high selection rate (57 ± 20%) in olfactory assays. This study represents a crucial preliminary investigation. The concentrations and release systems (rubber septa and centrifuge tubes) were optimized under controlled conditions to identify the most promising candidate for future scaling, rather than for immediate large-scale application. In semi-field cage bioassays, trap catch was highest at mid-canopy height (1.5 times branch-free height), under the cage canopy, and in treatments with low-to-moderate canopy density. This work provides a foundation for developing improved monitoring and management tools forT. brevipilosus.Full article

This Special Issue ofLanguages, part of the ISVL (International Symposium on Vietnamese Linguistics) series, presents revised papers from the 4th and 5th ISVL workshops, hosted by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in 2024 and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice in [...] Read more.

This Special Issue ofLanguages, part of the ISVL (International Symposium on Vietnamese Linguistics) series, presents revised papers from the 4th and 5th ISVL workshops, hosted by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in 2024 and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice in 2025 [...]Full article

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface disinfectant solutions against COVID-19 on the surface roughness, gloss, and color of removable denture materials. Fifty rectangular metallic specimens made of Co-Cr alloy and fifty disk-shaped specimens made of PMMA were [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface disinfectant solutions against COVID-19 on the surface roughness, gloss, and color of removable denture materials. Fifty rectangular metallic specimens made of Co-Cr alloy and fifty disk-shaped specimens made of PMMA were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Fifty maxillary right central incisors were also included in the study. The above-mentioned specimens were equally divided into five groups (n = 10). Four disinfectant solutions were tested (0.1 wt% NaOCl, 0.5 wt% H₂O₂, 78 wt% ethanol, and 1 wt% Povidone Iodine), and freshly distilled water was used as the control. To simulate clinical practice, each specimen was immersed in the disinfectant solution 15 times. All specimens were marked, and surface roughness, gloss, and color were measured before and after immersion. All roughness parameters (Sa, Sq, Sz, Sc, and Sv) and gloss values before and after immersion were statistically compared. ΔE*ab values were statistically compared with perception and acceptability thresholds according to ISO/TR 28642. No significant differences were identified for surface roughness parameters for all groups tested. All materials demonstrated a significant increase in gloss after aging regime, while only the metallic specimens illustrated ΔE*ab values higher than the acceptability threshold after disinfection with H₂O₂. None of the surface properties deteriorated after exposure to tested disinfectants, and thus, all of them can be effectively implemented in everyday practice.Full article

Reintroduction has been recognized as a vital approach to protecting and restoring wild populations of rare and endangered species. Although numerous reintroduction programs have been launched worldwide, in-depth studies on population establishment, dynamics, distribution patterns, and challenges remain limited. The Milu (Elaphurus [...] Read more.

Reintroduction has been recognized as a vital approach to protecting and restoring wild populations of rare and endangered species. Although numerous reintroduction programs have been launched worldwide, in-depth studies on population establishment, dynamics, distribution patterns, and challenges remain limited. The Milu (Elaphurus davidianus), endemic to China and once declared Extinct in the Wild by the IUCN, has become one of the most successful examples of global endangered species reintroduction since the initiation of its recovery program in 1985. Focusing on the reintroduction project in the Poyang Lake basin—China’s largest freshwater lake—this study analyzed 14 years of monitoring data to examine the processes of population re-establishment, demographic trends, and spatiotemporal distribution of the species, while also identifying major ongoing challenges. Findings reveal the following: (1) the acclimatization process was essential for 10 individuals first reintroduced in 2013, and then 30 individuals joined to the growing population, followed by the largest-scale release of 47 in 2018, which finally led to eight consecutive years of natural reproduction, with a theoretically estimated population of 89 individuals until August 2025; (2) among 1697 individual sightings in 238 monitoring events, 952 records can be distinguished between male and female individuals (sex ratio = 1:1.63), yielding a mean herd size of 7.28 ± 0.68 individuals per sighting event—although numbers rose slightly in 2024, a declining trend was observed from 2019 to 2023 (from 11.26 to 5.13); (3) the Milu have expanded their range across eastern Poyang Lake, demonstrating a behavioral patterns of migrating out of the lake zone during flood seasons and returning in dry season; (4) the restoration of the Milu population is a systematic endeavor, in which government support and the participation of conservation professionals, scientists, volunteers, media, and the public are critical factors; and (5) ongoing threats such as human disturbance (e.g., habitat degradation) and climate change continue to jeopardize long-term population viability. This study offers important scientific insights into the recovery of endangered wildlife globally and underscores the essential role of governmental commitment, long-term monitoring, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in species reintroduction efforts.Full article

This paper examines the historical evolution and pathways of rural transformation (RT) at the regional level in four Asian countries—Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, and Pakistan. We conduct a comparative spatial analysis of regional level changes in high-value agricultural production (HVAP) and non-farm rural employment [...] Read more.

This paper examines the historical evolution and pathways of rural transformation (RT) at the regional level in four Asian countries—Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, and Pakistan. We conduct a comparative spatial analysis of regional level changes in high-value agricultural production (HVAP) and non-farm rural employment (NFRE). Using long-run data and bivariate mapping, we trace how rural economies have evolved over the past four decades and identify multiple transformation pathways. The results reveal both common upward trends and stark regional contrasts. China demonstrates the most rapid and synergic rise, integrating agricultural upgrading with widespread non-farm rural expansion. Bangladesh and Indonesia show more diverse trajectories, shaped by migration, urbanization, and agro-industrial linkages. Pakistan’s transformation is slower and more fragmented, marked by strong progress in some regions but persistent lags in others. The findings underscore that RT is not linear and can follow diverse pathways—synergic, HVAP-driven, NFRE-driven, remittance-based, or stagnant—depending on geography, natural endowments, policy, and local resource endowments. Our research highlights the need for regionally tailored strategies that link agricultural upgrading with rural labor diversification, strengthen rural–urban connectivity, and ensure that lagging regions are not left further behind.Full article

The Internet of Things (IoT) has influenced the healthcare industry by enabling real-time monitoring, data-driven decision-making, and automation of medical activities. IoT in healthcare comprises a network of interconnected medical devices, sensors, and software systems that gather, analyse, and transmit patient data, enhancing [...] Read more.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has influenced the healthcare industry by enabling real-time monitoring, data-driven decision-making, and automation of medical activities. IoT in healthcare comprises a network of interconnected medical devices, sensors, and software systems that gather, analyse, and transmit patient data, enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of healthcare services. Despite its benefits, the deployment and impact of IoT in healthcare vary between countries due to differences in healthcare infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and technical advancements. This review highlights how IoT technologies underpin the efficiency of EHR and HIE systems by enabling continuous data flow, interoperability, and real-time patient care. It also addresses the problems involved with IoT adoption, including data privacy concerns, interoperability issues, high implementation costs, and cybersecurity dangers. Additionally, the paper examines future trends in IoT healthcare, including 5G integration, AI-enhanced healthcare analytics, blockchain-based security solutions, and the creation of energy-efficient IoT medical equipment. Through an analysis of worldwide trends and obstacles, this research offers suggestions for policies, methods, and best practices to close the digital healthcare gap and make sure that healthcare solutions powered by the IoT are available, safe, and effective everywhere.Full article

The mechanical integrity of advanced porous materials and perforated structures at the nanoscale is critically governed by the interaction of surface effects and stress concentration around pore architectures. This paper investigates the residual stress field induced by surface tension around two arbitrarily shaped [...] Read more.

The mechanical integrity of advanced porous materials and perforated structures at the nanoscale is critically governed by the interaction of surface effects and stress concentration around pore architectures. This paper investigates the residual stress field induced by surface tension around two arbitrarily shaped nano-perforations within an infinite elastic matrix, a configuration highly relevant to nanoporous metals and functional composites. By leveraging the complex variable method and conformal mapping techniques, the physical domains of the perforations (approximated as triangular and square shapes, paired with an elliptical perforation) are transformed into unit circles. This transformation allows for the derivation of semi-analytical solutions for the complex potentials and the subsequent stress field. Systematic numerical case studies reveal that a reduced inter-perforation distance dramatically intensifies the hoop stress concentration at the adjacent vertices, identifying these sites as potential initiation points for mechanical failure. Conversely, an increase in the size of one perforation can effectively shield its neighbor and reduce the overall stress level. These findings provide quantitative, physics-based guidelines for the microstructural design of nanoporous materials. By consciously tailoring the spatial distribution, size, and shape of perforations, the mechanical reliability of nanomaterials can be rationally optimized for applications in nanoscale systems.Full article

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Organoids refer to three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tissues derived from stem cells or single cells through their self-assembly capacity, and significantly, they mimic structural and functional characteristics of the organ from which they are derived. Organoids can maintain the gene expression profiles and mutational [...] Read more.

Organoids refer to three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tissues derived from stem cells or single cells through their self-assembly capacity, and significantly, they mimic structural and functional characteristics of the organ from which they are derived. Organoids can maintain the gene expression profiles and mutational features of parental cells during long-term culture. This makes organoids more relevant to the human bodies than gene knockout or overexpression animal models. Consequently, organoids have been widely used in various kinds of fields, including studies on organ developmental mechanisms, regenerative medicine, organ repair, the construction of disease models, high-throughput drug screening, and personalized medicine. Notably, significant progress has recently been made in organoid construction methodologies and regulatory mechanisms. These include the selections of starting cell sources, optimizing matrix materials, and the related cell signaling pathways. The rapid development of organoid technologies has provided new opportunities for their applications in organ transplantation, drug and toxicity screening, and molecular mechanisms for cell and tissue development. In this review, we discuss organoid construction methods involving the starting cell selection and spatiotemporal mediation, regulatory mechanisms with signaling molecules and pathways, and their applications in unveiling organogenesis mechanisms and disease etiology, drug screening, toxicity testing, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, and alternatives to animal experiments. We also address the perspectives and challenges in this field with an aim to promote the development of organoids in basic research and translational medicine.Full article

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Background/Objectives:KRAS mutations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are uncommon and most frequently described in papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP). Beyond this entity, the broader clinicopathologic and molecular features ofKRAS-mutated RCC remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to provide [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives:KRAS mutations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are uncommon and most frequently described in papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP). Beyond this entity, the broader clinicopathologic and molecular features ofKRAS-mutated RCC remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to provide a descriptive assessment ofKRAS-mutated RCC. Methods:KRAS-mutant RCC patients were identified from the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRP) cohorts. Copy-number alterations were evaluated using Fraction and allele-specific copy number estimates from tumor sequencing (FACETS). Available samples were used for immunohistochemistry and RNA-sequencing analysis. Results: Seventeen patients were included. Three distinctKRAS-mutant RCC subtypes were identified:KRAS-mutant PRCC (35%),KRAS-mutant URCC (35%), and PRNRP (29%). Seven patients (41%) had metastatic disease; none were PRNRP. RNA-based deconvolution analysis revealed that PRNRP had enrichment in distal nephron components, whereasKRAS-mutant PRCC was enriched in proximal tubule cells (p = 0.02). IHC staining of L1CAM was positive in PRNRP but negative inKRAS-mutant PRCC, supporting their distinct cell-of-origin phenotypes. This study is limited by its cohort size, which influences the availability of tissue samples. Conclusions: PRNRP represents a distinctKRAS-mutant RCC subtype with unique metabolic and genomic features linked to its distal nephron origin. This contrasts with the genomic complexity and aggressive clinical behavior observed inKRAS-mutant PRCC and URCC, highlighting the need for subtype-specific diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies.Full article

Background and Clinical Significance: Intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism is characterized by right-ventricular dysfunction and positive cardiac biomarkers in the absence of hemodynamic instability. Current guidelines recommend anticoagulation with vigilant monitoring, and reserve systemic fibrinolysis for patients who deteriorate hemodynamically. However, some patients may [...] Read more.

Background and Clinical Significance: Intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism is characterized by right-ventricular dysfunction and positive cardiac biomarkers in the absence of hemodynamic instability. Current guidelines recommend anticoagulation with vigilant monitoring, and reserve systemic fibrinolysis for patients who deteriorate hemodynamically. However, some patients may experience physiologic decompensation manifested by refractory hypoxemia rather than hypotension, despite preserved systemic perfusion and normal lung parenchyma. In such cases, oxygenation failure reflects the severity of perfusion impairment and incipient right-ventricular-circulatory collapse. Whether this scenario justifies systemic fibrinolysis remains uncertain.Case Presentation: We present a 75-year-old man, five days after arthroscopic meniscus repair, presenting with acute dyspnea, tachycardia, and severe respiratory failure despite normal chest radiography. Laboratory findings revealed elevated troponin-I and brain natriuretic peptide, and echocardiography demonstrated marked right-ventricular dilation. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography confirmed extensive bilateral central emboli with preserved lung parenchyma. Despite high-flow nasal oxygen at 100% fraction of inspired oxygen, respiratory failure worsened, necessitating intubation under lung-protective settings. With catheter-directed therapy unavailable and transfer unsafe, a multidisciplinary team administered staged systemic fibrinolysis with alteplase, pausing heparin during infusion. No bleeding or surgical complications occurred. Oxygenation and right-ventricular indices improved promptly. The patient was extubated on day 2, discharged from intensive care unit on day 7, and remained asymptomatic with normal echocardiography at 3 months.Conclusions: Refractory hypoxemia in intermediate-high-risk, normotensive pulmonary embolism, particularly when parenchymal disease and ventilator confounding are excluded, may represent an early form of circulatory decompensation warranting rescue reperfusion. In the absence of catheter-directed options and with acceptable bleeding risk, staged full-dose systemic fibrinolysis can be life-saving and physiologically justified. This case supports expanding the concept of “clinical deterioration” in intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism to include isolated, unexplained respiratory failure, highlighting the need for future trials to refine individualized reperfusion thresholds.Full article

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There are limited material choices for vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing processes that offer high dimensional accuracy. Acrylates and epoxies are commonly used, but their thermal properties are not suitable for applications requiring high-temperature performance. A possible solution is the use of high-performance thermosets, [...] Read more.

There are limited material choices for vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing processes that offer high dimensional accuracy. Acrylates and epoxies are commonly used, but their thermal properties are not suitable for applications requiring high-temperature performance. A possible solution is the use of high-performance thermosets, such as maleimide and cyanate ester, which are cured at high temperatures. Still, their use in vat photopolymerization methods has been limited due to the high temperature required. In this work, a photocurable formulation composed of multimaleimide monomers, a reactive diluent, and a cyanate ester was developed to improve thermal and mechanical properties and reduce cure shrinkage due to density changes during processing. In situ sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were investigated, in which the copolymerization of multimaleimide and a diluent occurs during printing, yielding a cyanate ester-swollen network with a sub-room-temperature glass transition temperature (T_g). The polymerization of the cyanate ester occurs during a high-temperature post-printing step. The resulting materials have aT_g above 250 °C (peak in the loss modulus), good fracture toughness (GIc of 100 J/m²), and overall cure shrinkage of less than 6%, with 1–2% occurring during the high-temperature post-curing step.Full article

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The farming of insects has emerged as a novel source of proteins and lipids. The larvae ofAllomyrina dichotoma, an important source insect, contain large concentrations of lipids; however, the constituents of these lipids are unknown. We used lipidomics and transcriptomics to [...] Read more.

The farming of insects has emerged as a novel source of proteins and lipids. The larvae ofAllomyrina dichotoma, an important source insect, contain large concentrations of lipids; however, the constituents of these lipids are unknown. We used lipidomics and transcriptomics to analyze the deposition of glycerophospholipids inA. dichotoma larvae at different instars. A total of eight subclasses of 833 glycerophospholipid molecules were identified inA. dichotoma larvae. The results showed the lipid with the highest levels inA. dichotoma larvae was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Glycerophospholipids inA. dichotoma larvae at three instars were clearly differentiated. Large amounts of PE and PC were deposited in Stage 3 larvae, and cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidic acids (PAs) showed a similar pattern. However, PG and phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (PIP) decreased in Stage 3 larvae. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways and the key genes related to glycerophospholipid synthesis were identified based on transcriptomes forA. dichotoma larvae. These results revealed the composition of glycerophospholipids. We also explored the molecular mechanism for deposition of glycerophospholipids during the developmental stages ofA. dichotoma larvae. Our results provide insights for usingA. dichotoma larvae to produce lipids.Full article

Contemporary clinical medicine relies on the integration of clinical observation with physiological and pathological mechanisms to improve diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making, and patient outcomes. However, most current biomedical research interprets these mechanisms predominantly through the lens of upward emergence, according to which higher-order biological [...] Read more.

Contemporary clinical medicine relies on the integration of clinical observation with physiological and pathological mechanisms to improve diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making, and patient outcomes. However, most current biomedical research interprets these mechanisms predominantly through the lens of upward emergence, according to which higher-order biological functions arise from the interaction of simpler lower-level components. Although indispensable for understanding visceral diseases, this perspective provides only partial access to biological complexity. Accumulating evidence from neuroscience, developmental biology, endocrinology, psychiatry, and regenerative medicine shows that higher-level systemic functions can also reorganize, modulate, or generate lower-level structures, a phenomenon known as downward emergence. Together, upward and downward emergence form a bidirectional framework that more accurately reflects the complex organizational pattern of biological systems. This editorial argues that clinical practice and biomedical research must explicitly acknowledge this bidirectional dynamic, as many diseases (including malignancy) cannot be fully understood through upward emergence alone. Downward emergent processes explain phenomena such as morphogenesis, regeneration, matrix remodeling, immunological reprogramming, endocrine-neurovegetative integration, and forms of pathological transformation that are difficult to interpret through classical reductionism. Viewing cancer as the pathological expression of a disturbed supracellular program provides a coherent explanation of its complex biology and highlights the possibility that malignant progression could be responsive to higher-order regulatory instructions. In this context, theJournal of Mind and Medical Sciences is undertaking a conceptual and editorial realignment, positioning itself as a journal of bidirectional emergence in health and disease. Rather than diminishing its clinical mission, this shift strengthens it by providing a more comprehensive framework for understanding physiological and pathological organization, one that integrates structure–function and function–structure relationships. As medicine moves toward increasingly integrative and mechanistic models of disease, adopting a bidirectional perspective becomes not only scientifically justified but also necessary for advancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic innovation, and the development of novel supracellular strategies for human health.Full article

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Background/Objectives: Differentiating benign, premalignant, and early malignant vocal fold lesions is challenging. Perpendicular vascular changes (PVCs) per the European Laryngological Society (ELS) are key malignancy indicators. Enhanced contact endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI-CE) visualizes intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs) at high magnification, independent [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Differentiating benign, premalignant, and early malignant vocal fold lesions is challenging. Perpendicular vascular changes (PVCs) per the European Laryngological Society (ELS) are key malignancy indicators. Enhanced contact endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI-CE) visualizes intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs) at high magnification, independent of gross morphology. However, defining malignancy as any PVC increases sensitivity but lowers specificity—particularly in papillomas—whereas limiting malignancy to narrow-angle PVC improves specificity but risks false negatives and reduced reproducibility.Methods: We intraoperatively evaluated 146 histology-proven vocal fold lesions using NBI-CE. Six raters (three experienced otolaryngologists, three PhD students) classified vascular patterns. Two approaches were tested: (1) malignancy = narrow-angle PVC; (2) malignancy = any PVC. Outcomes were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and interrater agreement.Results: Approach (1) had higher specificity but lower sensitivity than (2) (~85% vs. ~70% specificity; ~50% vs. ~80% sensitivity). Accuracy did not differ significantly. Experienced raters showed higher interrater agreement and a more favorable sensitivity–specificity balance. Common errors were false positives in papillomas and false negatives in dysplasia/early carcinoma.Conclusions: PVC assessment with NBI-CE is feasible and informative. Choosing between “any PVC” and “narrow-angle only” entails a sensitivity–specificity trade-off and depends on lesion type and experience. Refined ELS descriptors and automated analysis may improve reproducibility and accuracy.Full article

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Deep learning (DL) methods have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), enabling industrial documentation systems to process and generate text with high accuracy and fluency. Modern deep learning models, such as transformers and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), learn contextual relationships in text, making them [...] Read more.

Deep learning (DL) methods have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), enabling industrial documentation systems to process and generate text with high accuracy and fluency. Modern deep learning models, such as transformers and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), learn contextual relationships in text, making them ideal for analyzing and creating complex industrial documentation. Transformer-based architectures, such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), are ideally suited for tasks such as text summarization, content generation, and question answering, which are crucial for documentation systems. Pre-trained language models, tuned to specific industrial datasets, support domain-specific vocabulary, ensuring the generated documentation complies with industry standards. Deep learning-based systems can use sequential models, such as those used in machine translation, to generate documentation in multiple languages, promoting accessibility, and global collaboration. Using attention mechanisms, these models identify and highlight critical sections of input data, resulting in the generation of accurate and concise documentation. Integration with optical character recognition (OCR) tools enables DL-based NLP systems to digitize and interpret legacy documents, streamlining the transition to automated workflows. Reinforcement learning and human feedback loops can enhance a system’s ability to generate consistent and contextually relevant text over time. These approaches are particularly effective in creating dynamic documentation that is automatically updated based on data from sensors, registers, or other sources in real time. The scalability of DL techniques enables industrial organizations to efficiently produce massive amounts of documentation, reducing manual effort and improving overall efficiency. NLP has become a fundamental technology for automating the generation, maintenance, and personalization of industrial documentation within the Industry 4.0, 5.0, and emerging Industry 6.0 paradigms. Recent advances in large language models, search-assisted generation, and multimodal architectures have significantly improved the accuracy and contextualization of technical manuals, maintenance reports, and compliance documents. However, persistent challenges such as domain-specific terminology, data scarcity, and the risk of hallucinations highlight the limitations of current approaches in safety-critical manufacturing environments. This review synthesizes state-of-the-art methods, comparing rule-based, neural, and hybrid systems while assessing their effectiveness in addressing industrial requirements for reliability, traceability, and real-time adaptation. Human–AI collaboration and the integration of knowledge graphs are transforming documentation workflows as factories evolve toward cognitive and autonomous systems. The review included 32 articles published between 2018 and 2025. The implications of these bibliometric findings suggest that a high percentage of conference papers (69.6%) may indicate a field still in its conceptual phase, which contextualizes the article’s emphasis on proposed architecture rather than their industrial validation. Most research was conducted in computer science, suggesting early stages of technological maturity. The leading countries were China and India, but these countries did not have large publication counts, nor were leading researchers or affiliations observed, suggesting significant research dispersion. However, the most frequently observed SDGs indicate a clear health context, focusing on “industry innovation and infrastructure” and “good health and well-being”.Full article

Patients requiring breast reconstruction following radiation therapy or prior failed autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) or implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) represent a challenging cohort and often present with compromised vascularity, scarred anatomy, and subsequent increased rates of complications. In this review, we discuss microsurgical [...] Read more.

Patients requiring breast reconstruction following radiation therapy or prior failed autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) or implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) represent a challenging cohort and often present with compromised vascularity, scarred anatomy, and subsequent increased rates of complications. In this review, we discuss microsurgical strategies designed to optimize donor tissue in these challenging clinical scenarios, including the use of stacked or bipedicled flaps, and the utility of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography. We also review approaches to alternate recipient vessel selection in the suboptimal chest, and we address specific strategies for the revision setting, like soft tissue support and hybrid reconstruction with ABR and IBBR. By synthesizing the current literature and expert experience, this narrative review provides a practical framework for microsurgeons managing complex breast reconstruction in higher-risk patients.Full article

KY₃F₁₀:Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ upconversion microparticles (UCMPs) with varying Mn²⁺ doping concentrations were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the sample with 3 mol% Mn²⁺ doping demonstrated markedly enhanced luminescence performance, exhibiting [...] Read more.

KY₃F₁₀:Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ upconversion microparticles (UCMPs) with varying Mn²⁺ doping concentrations were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the sample with 3 mol% Mn²⁺ doping demonstrated markedly enhanced luminescence performance, exhibiting a significant intensity increase compared to undoped samples. The as-synthesized UCMPs were successfully incorporated into an anti-counterfeiting ink. Target information was encrypted using a hash function to generate a QR code, which was then screen-printed onto substrate materials. Under 980 nm laser irradiation, the printed QR code exhibited visible blue fluorescence with high stability, confirming its anti-counterfeiting capability. Furthermore, an image recognition system for anti-counterfeiting, based on a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) architecture, was developed on the Matlab platform. The system achieved 100% recognition accuracy for the luminescent QR code patterns, providing valuable insights for the development of deep learning-based image anti-counterfeiting technologies.Full article

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Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) root (HRP) and leaf (HLP) pomaces, by-products of juice production by cold-pressing, were analyzed as a novel potential source of natural antioxidants. Chromatography analysis (UHPLC Q-ToF MS) of the bioactive compounds of pomaces was performed along with spectrophotometric [...] Read more.

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) root (HRP) and leaf (HLP) pomaces, by-products of juice production by cold-pressing, were analyzed as a novel potential source of natural antioxidants. Chromatography analysis (UHPLC Q-ToF MS) of the bioactive compounds of pomaces was performed along with spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic acid (hydroxycinnamic) content (TPAC), and antioxidant capacity (via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic-acid) (ABTS^•+) radicals’ scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). The concentrations of TPC, TFC, and TPAC differed among the pomaces, significantly favoring HLP. However, both horseradish pomaces (HRP and HLP) contained a considerable amount of various phenolics, with kaempferol and its glucosides dominating. In addition, they exhibit pronounced antioxidant activity, which is confirmed by all three methods used (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). These results highlight the potential of valorizing horseradish processing waste as a natural, reliable source of health-promoting bioactive compounds and functional ingredients in food products, thereby fortifying food, preventing oxidation, and prolonging shelf-life. In addition, this study supports endeavors to reduce food waste by providing new insights into the valorization of horseradish pomace, thus contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection.Full article

Urban parks, as vital components of urban green infrastructure, can improve urban ecological environments, showcase urban culture, and offer spaces for human recreation and exercise. However, human activities in these parks also produce severe disruption to soil ecosystems. Studying the effects of recreational [...] Read more.

Urban parks, as vital components of urban green infrastructure, can improve urban ecological environments, showcase urban culture, and offer spaces for human recreation and exercise. However, human activities in these parks also produce severe disruption to soil ecosystems. Studying the effects of recreational disturbances on soil properties and microbial communities is crucial for conserving urban biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. This study investigated the effects of human recreational disturbances (HRDs) on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in four forest stands (Phellodendron amurense Rupr (Phe amu),Salix matsudana Koidz. (Sal mat),Pinus tabuliformis var. mukdensis (Pin tab), andPicea asperata Mast. (Pie asp)) in Changchun’s South Lake Park. The results showed that HRD significantly reduced soil water content (SWC) and total phosphorus (TP) while increasing soil bulk density (SBD) and pH. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) increased inPhe amu andPie asp soils but decreased inSal mat andPin tab soils (p < 0.05). Electrical conductivity (EC) changes were inversely related to SOC and TN trends. Dominant bacterial phyla includedActinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota, andChloroflexi. HRD reduced bacterial species richness and diversity by 5.3% and 7.6%, respectively. SWC and SBD were key factors influencing bacterial community dynamics, with SBD affectingBacteroidota,Proteobacteria, andMyxococcota, and SWC impactingProteobacteria,Bacteroidota, andActinobacteriota. These findings provide insights for urban park management, supporting soil microbial diversity and sustainable urban ecosystem development.Full article

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Background: Pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) involves lipid infiltration, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which drive calcification of the aortic valve and progression to heart failure (HF). Fatty acids (FAs) play a crucial role in these processes. A treatment option for severe symptomatic AS [...] Read more.

Background: Pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) involves lipid infiltration, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which drive calcification of the aortic valve and progression to heart failure (HF). Fatty acids (FAs) play a crucial role in these processes. A treatment option for severe symptomatic AS in elderly and high-risk patients is transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Objective: To investigate the change in FA profiles in patients undergoing TAVI. Methods: This single-center prospective study included 25 patients with severe AS qualified for TAVI procedure. Blood samples were collected before TAVI and after six months. FA profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry. Results: Notable changes were identified in FA profiles, including a reduction in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (117 ± 48.0 µM vs. 141 ± 53.0 µM,p = 0.001) and an increase in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) concentration (32.8 ± 12.3 µM vs. 19.9 ± 6.40 µM,p = 0.003) six months post-TAVI. Additionally, significant elevations were noted in specific medium-chain FAs (C12) and branched-chain fatty acids (iso C16, iso C17 and anteiso C15, anteiso C17) at six months after TAVI. However, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) levels decreased (p = 0.039), while n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6 PUFA) levels exhibited no significant overall change at this time point. Decrease in mean pressure gradient (PG) was negatively correlated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA n3) and n3 PUFA levels in a six-month observation. Conclusions: Our results underscore the complex interplay between cardiac intervention and FA changes, providing novel insights into the metabolic impact of TAVI on FAs serum profile.Full article

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 887 KB)

The rise in antimicrobial resistance and tolerance over time represents a significant threat to human and animal health. This has led to a notable increase in interest within the scientific community in the development of herbal-based therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. The present study [...] Read more.

The rise in antimicrobial resistance and tolerance over time represents a significant threat to human and animal health. This has led to a notable increase in interest within the scientific community in the development of herbal-based therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 18 essential oils (EOs) against a total of 17 strains belonging to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, by employing the spot-on-agar method using two different culture media, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and Mueller–Hinton (MH). The antimicrobial properties of these essential oils were investigated, as well as their antimicrobial stability over a period of seven days. The overall efficacy of the EOs remained consistent over seven days, regardless of the solid medium used. However, the antimicrobial effects of the EOs were more pronounced in BHI than in MH for Gram-positive bacteria. While variations in antimicrobial activity were recorded among different species and strains, oregano EO proved to be the most effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, followed by thyme and tea tree. The findings of this study support the notion that EOs could be employed as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, thereby enhancing the efforts aimed at addressing antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the divergent antimicrobial effects exhibited by the two growth media employed here may facilitate the establishment of standardised protocols for the testing of EOs against bacteria.Full article

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact technology that estimates physiological signals, such as Heart Rate (HR), by capturing subtle skin color changes caused by periodic blood volume variations using only a standard RGB camera. While cost-effective and convenient, it suffers from a fundamental [...] Read more.

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact technology that estimates physiological signals, such as Heart Rate (HR), by capturing subtle skin color changes caused by periodic blood volume variations using only a standard RGB camera. While cost-effective and convenient, it suffers from a fundamental limitation: performance degrades severely in dynamic environments due to susceptibility to noise, such as abrupt illumination changes or motion blur. This study presents a deep learning framework that combines two structural modifications to ensure robustness in dynamic environments, specifically modeling movement noise and illumination change noise. The proposed framework structurally cancels global disturbances, such as illumination changes or global motion, through a dual-branch pipeline that encodes the face and background in parallel after Video Color Magnification (VCM) and then performs differencing. Subsequently, it utilizes a structure that injects a Temporal Shift Module (TSM) into the Spatio-Temporal Feature Extraction (SSFE) block to preserve long- and short-term temporal correlations and smooth noise, even amidst short and irregular movements. We measured MAE, RMSE, and correlation on the standard dataset UBFC-rPPG under four noise conditions: clean, illumination change noise, Movement Noise, Both Noise and the real-world in-vehicle dataset MR-NIRP (Stationary and Driving). Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved consistent error reduction and correlation improvement compared to the VS-Net baseline in the illumination change noise-only and combined noise environments (UBFC-rPPG) and in the high-noise driving scenario (MR-NIRP). It maintained competitive performance in motion-only noise. Conversely, a modest performance disadvantage was observed under clean conditions (UBFC) and quasi-clean stationary conditions (MR-NIRP), interpreted as a design trade-off focused on global noise cancellation and temporal smoothing. Ablation studies demonstrated that the dual-branch pipeline is the primary contributor under illumination change noise, while TSM is the key contributor under movement noise, and that the combination of both elements achieves optimal robustness in the most complex scenarios.Full article

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 229 KB)

Background: There are important gaps in describing the associations between variants found by GWAS and various phenotypes. Prior reports suggest that SNPs in regulatory regions should be further investigated to uncover these associations. Thus, this study involved a novel approach, along with [...] Read more.

Background: There are important gaps in describing the associations between variants found by GWAS and various phenotypes. Prior reports suggest that SNPs in regulatory regions should be further investigated to uncover these associations. Thus, this study involved a novel approach, along with Pharmacoepigenomics, prompting a new coined term “CpG-PGx SNP”.Methods: The rationale behind our analysis strategy was based on the impact of SNPs playing dual roles both in the CpG site disruption/formation and having PGx associations. Thus, we employed GeneCards (relevance score), PharmGKB (significantp-value), and GWAS catalog data for each gene (p < 5 × 10⁻⁸). Following the obtainment of the 25 best-scored genes of four major epigenetic processes (methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation), we generated two lists of candidate genes, including potential CpG-PGx SNPs and possible CpG-PGx SNPs. Results: Among 2900 significant PGx annotations, we found 99 potential CpG-PGx SNPs related to 16 genes.CYP2B6,CYP2C19,CYP2D6, andCOMT genes were the top genes. Additionally, we found 1230 significant GWAS-based SNPs, among them 329 CpG-SNPs related to 48 genes with at least one CpG site disruption/formation. The top gene with the highest CpG-SNPs wasTET2, followed byJMJD1C andHDAC9. Importantly, we detected some synonymous variants in the Epigenetically Modifiable Accessible Region (EMAR), which can provide insights into undiscovered roles of these SNPs. We identified 173 CpG-Disruptive SNPs, 155 CpG-Forming SNPs, and just 1 CpG SNP with both impacts.Conclusions: In conclusion, here we introduce CpG-PGx SNP for the first time and suggest three major genes playing crucial roles in Pharmacoepigenomics (PEpGx),CYP2D6 as the heart of PEpGx, andTET2 with the highest possibility of having CPG-PGx SNPs. We believe that this approach will help the scientific community to utilize “CpG-PGx SNP” to unravel complex disease-driven genetic and epigenetic interactions, yielding therapeutic opportunities.Full article

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Background: Abdominal ultrasound is prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance failure, particularly in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), prompting growing interest in blood-based biomarkers as an alternative strategy.Methods: We conducted a case–control study evaluating [...] Read more.

Background: Abdominal ultrasound is prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance failure, particularly in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), prompting growing interest in blood-based biomarkers as an alternative strategy.Methods: We conducted a case–control study evaluating two blood-based biomarker panels, GAAD and GALAD, for detection of early-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 or A) in patients with MASLD or ALD cirrhosis. Blood specimens were collected within 6 months of HCC diagnosis (cases); controls were patients with cirrhosis but without HCC. GAAD and GALAD scores were measured using the Roche Elecsys platform, applying validated cutoffs of 2.57 and 2.47, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were compared between the panels and versus ultrasound plus alpha fetoprotein (AFP) using McNemar’s chi square test.Results: Of 152 patients (56.6% men), 46.7% had HCC (54.9% BCLC 0/A) and 53.3% had cirrhosis without HCC. GAAD and GALAD each achieved a sensitivity of 87.2% for early-stage HCC, with specificities of 69.1% and 67.9%, respectively. In paired analyses (n = 90), GAAD had higher sensitivity for any-stage HCC (89.5% vs. 68.4%,p = 0.046) but lower specificity (71.8% vs. 93.0%,p = 0.006) than ultrasound plus AFP. GAAD and GALAD demonstrated consistently higher sensitivity than ultrasound plus AFP across subgroups by age, sex, cirrhosis etiology, and Child Pugh class.Conclusion: In this case–control study of patients with non-viral cirrhosis, GAAD and GALAD demonstrated high sensitivity for early-stage HCC. These findings highlight the potential of blood-based biomarkers to improve HCC surveillance in contemporary populations.Full article

The safe operation of hydrogen transmission pipeline stations is paramount for the widespread adoption of hydrogen energy. This study addresses the significant hazard of hydrogen leakage in high-pressure pipeline stations by employing numerical simulations to investigate the dispersion behavior under various conditions. It [...] Read more.

The safe operation of hydrogen transmission pipeline stations is paramount for the widespread adoption of hydrogen energy. This study addresses the significant hazard of hydrogen leakage in high-pressure pipeline stations by employing numerical simulations to investigate the dispersion behavior under various conditions. It specifically focuses on the complex interplay between meteorological factors, operational parameters, and station layout. A key finding is that the structural configuration of obstacles—namely their height and distance from the leakage source—serves as the dominant mechanism controlling the evolution of the hazard radius, overshadowing the influence of traditional parameters like wind speed and leak diameter in obstructed environments. Based on this insight, a novel and robust predictive model for the dynamic hazard radius was developed using multiple regression analysis. The model accurately quantifies the impact of leakage duration, obstacle spacing, and obstacle height, achieving an excellent fit (R² = 0.9848) with a prediction error of less than 5% compared to simulation data. This study provides valuable insights for defining risk zones and supports the development of effective safety measures and emergency response strategies for hydrogen infrastructure, thereby contributing to the secure and sustainable deployment of hydrogen energy.Full article

Background/Objectives: Melphalan-based percutaneous hepatic perfusion (M-PHP) became approved in 2023 for treatment of liver-dominant metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Patients with liver-dominant mUM have a poor overall survival (OS) ≤ 12 months; however, the reported OS benefit from M-PHP varies in clinical trials from [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Melphalan-based percutaneous hepatic perfusion (M-PHP) became approved in 2023 for treatment of liver-dominant metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Patients with liver-dominant mUM have a poor overall survival (OS) ≤ 12 months; however, the reported OS benefit from M-PHP varies in clinical trials from 9.6 to 27.4 months and remains uncertain. Here, we report the OS outcome after 10 years’ experience with M-PHP treatment of patients with liver-dominant mUM. Methods: A total of 38 consecutive patients (19 women, median age 57.7 years) with liver-dominant mUM underwent 99 M-PHP procedures (median: 2.6 M-PHP/patient) between April 2014 and March 2024 at our institution. OS outcomes were retrospectively analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Median OS was 29.1 months after first M-PHP treatment (median follow-up: 25.8 months). The estimated percentage of patients surviving at 1, 2, and 3 years was 79.5%, 53.2%, and 28.5%, respectively. Each additional M-PHP cycle was associated with about 40% reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.414). Median OS was numerically improved by 8.4 months with ≥3 versus ≤2 cycles of M-PHP administered (29.8 versus 21.4 months,p = 0.058). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: This study found a clinically meaningful OS benefit in M-PHP-treated patients with liver-dominant mUM, reaching nearly 2.5-year median OS with ≥3 M-PHP cycles administered. This finding supports the need to account for the institutional volume and experience with the M-PHP procedure in both clinical practice and research, and may provide an OS reference for estimating OS gains in the evolving therapeutic landscape for mUM patients.Full article