For more than half of 2024, the presidential campaign was a rematch between President Joe Biden and Former President Donald Trump. Here are some of the commercials that ran before Biden withdrew from the race.

Voters and elections intrigue me. I earn a living from advertising, and I find political advertising endlessly interesting. What works, what makes people respond? What gives them reason to believe? Or...more

Little has changed in politics over the past 60 years. Eisenhower’s pitch to white women (“Women Voters”) is striking for its time-capsule feel (Mom in charge of everything; Dad in charge of aloof paper-reading), but also reminds us...more

The Democrats once had a fairly clear sense of who they were—and even when they lost elections, their ads hit harder at Republicans than the Repubs hit them. But in the late 1960s, the Dems started fighting among...more