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safeadj. 1. (ofcode) processed in alexical environment where the the highestsafety level (3) was in effect. Seeoptimize. 2. (of acall) asafe call.

safe calln. acall in which thecall, thefunction beingcalled, and the point offunctional evaluation are allsafe[1]code. For more detailed information, seeSection 3.5.1.1 (Safe and Unsafe Calls).

sameadj. 1. (ofobjects under a specifiedpredicate) indistinguishable by thatpredicate. ``The symbolcar, the string"car", and the string"CAR" are thesame understring-equal''. 2. (ofobjects if no predicate is implied by context) indistinguishable byeql. Note thateq might be capable of distinguishing somenumbers andcharacters whicheql cannot distinguish, but the nature of such, if any, isimplementation-dependent. Sinceeq is used only rarely in this specification,eql is the default predicate when none is mentioned explicitly. ``The conses returned by two successive calls tocons are never the same.'' 3. (oftypes) having the same set ofelements; that is, eachtype is asubtype of the others. ``The types specified by(integer 0 1),(unsigned-byte 1), andbit are the same.''

satisfy the testv. (of anobject being considered by asequence function) 1. (for a oneargument test) to be in a state such that thefunction which is thepredicateargument to thesequence function returnstrue when given a singleargument that is the result of calling thesequence function'skeyargument on theobject being considered. SeeSection 17.2.2 (Satisfying a One-Argument Test). 2. (for a twoargument test) to be in a state such that the two-placepredicate which is thesequence function'stestargument returnstrue when given a firstargument that is theobject being considered, and when given a secondargument that is the result of calling thesequence function'skeyargument on anelement of thesequence function'ssequenceargument which is being tested for equality; or to be in a state such that thetest-notfunction returnsfalse given the samearguments. SeeSection 17.2.1 (Satisfying a Two-Argument Test).

scopen. the structural or textual region of code in whichreferences to anobject, abinding, anexit point, atag, or anenvironment (usually byname) can occur.

scriptn.ISO one of possibly several sets that form anexhaustive partition of the typecharacter. SeeSection 13.1.2.1 (Character Scripts).

secondary valuen. (ofvalues resulting from theevaluation of aform) the secondvalue, if any, or elsenil if there are fewer than twovalues. ``The secondary value returned bytruncate is a remainder.''

sectionn. a partitioning of output by aconditional newline on apretty printing stream. SeeSection 22.2.1.1 (Dynamic Control of the Arrangement of Output).

self-evaluating objectn. anobject that is neither asymbol nor acons. If aself-evaluating object isevaluated, ityields itself as its onlyvalue. ``Strings are self-evaluating objects.''

semi-standardadj. (of a language feature) not required to be implemented by anyconforming implementation, but nevertheless recommended as the canonical approach in situations where animplementation does plan to support such a feature. The presence ofsemi-standard aspects in the language is intended to lessen portability problems and reduce the risk of gratuitous divergence amongimplementations that might stand in the way of future standardization.

semicolonn. thestandard character that is called ``semicolon'' (;). SeeFigure 2-5.

sequencen. 1. an ordered collection of elements 2. avector or alist.

sequence functionn. one of thefunctions inFigure 17-1, or animplementation-defined function that operates on one or moresequences. and that is defined by theimplementation to be asequence function.

sequentialadj.Trad. (ofbinding orassignment) done in the style ofsetq,let*, ordo*; that is, interleaving the evaluation of theforms that producevalues with theassignments orbindings of thevariables (orplaces). Seeparallel.

sequentiallyadv. in asequential way.

serious conditionn. acondition oftype serious-condition, which represents asituation that is generally sufficiently severe that entry into thedebugger should be expected if thecondition issignaled but nothandled.

sessionn. the conceptual aggregation of events in aLisp image from the time it is started to the time it is terminated.

setv.t.Trad. (anyvariable or asymbol that is thename of adynamic variable) toassign thevariable.

setf expandern. a function used bysetf to compute thesetf expansion of aplace.

setf expansionn. a set of fiveexpressions[1] that, taken together, describe how to store into aplace and whichsubforms of the macro call associated with theplace are evaluated. SeeSection 5.1.1.2 (Setf Expansions).

setf functionn. afunction whosename is(setfsymbol).

setf function namen. (of asymbolS) thelist(setfS).

shadowv.t. 1. to override the meaning of. ``That binding ofX shadows an outer one.'' 2. to hide the presence of. ``Thatmacrolet ofF shadows the outerflet ofF.'' 3. to replace. ``That package shadows the symbolcl:car with its own symbolcar.''

shadowing symboln. (in apackage) anelement of thepackage'sshadowing symbols list.

shadowing symbols listn. (of apackage) alist, associated with thepackage, ofsymbols that are to be exempted from `symbol conflict errors' detected when packages areused. See thefunction package-shadowing-symbols.

shared slotn. (of aclass) aslot accessible in more than oneinstance of aclass; specifically, such aslot isaccessible in alldirect instances of theclass and in thoseindirect instances whoseclass does notshadow[1] theslot.

sharpsignn. thestandard character that is variously called ``number sign,'' ``sharp,'' or ``sharp sign'' (#). SeeFigure 2-5.

short floatn. anobject oftype short-float.

signn. one of thestandard characters ``+'' or ``-''.

signalv. to announce, using a standard protocol, that a particular situation, represented by acondition, has been detected. SeeSection 9.1 (Condition System Concepts).

signaturen. (of amethod) a description of theparameters andparameter specializers for themethod which determines themethod's applicability for a given set of requiredarguments, and which also describes theargument conventions for its other, non-requiredarguments.

similaradj. (of twoobjects) defined to be equivalent under thesimilarity relationship.

similarityn. a two-place conceptual equivalence predicate, which is independent of theLisp image so that twoobjects in differentLisp images can be understood to be equivalent under this predicate. SeeSection 3.2.4 (Literal Objects in Compiled Files).

simpleadj. 1. (of anarray) being oftype simple-array. 2. (of acharacter) having noimplementation-defined attributes, or else havingimplementation-defined attributes each of which has thenull value for thatattribute.

simple arrayn. anarray oftype simple-array.

simple bit arrayn. abit array that is asimple array; that is, anobject oftype(simple-array bit).

simple bit vectorn. abit vector oftype simple-bit-vector.

simple conditionn. acondition oftype simple-condition.

simple general vectorn. asimple vector.

simple stringn. astring oftype simple-string.

simple vectorn. avector oftype simple-vector, sometimes called a ``simple general vector.'' Not allvectors that aresimple aresimple vectors---only those that haveelement type t.

single escapen.,adj. 1.n. thesyntax type of acharacter that indicates that the nextcharacter is to be treated as analphabetic[2]character with itscase preserved. For details, seeSection 2.1.4.6 (Single Escape Character). 2.adj. (of acharacter) having thesingle escape syntax type. 3.n. asingle escape[2]character. (In thestandard readtable,slash is the onlysingle escape.)

single floatn. anobject oftype single-float.

single-quoten. thestandard character that is variously called ``apostrophe,'' ``acute accent,'' ``quote,'' or ``single quote'' ('). SeeFigure 2-5.

singletonadj. (of asequence) having only oneelement. ``(list 'hello) returns a singleton list.''

situationn. theevaluation of aform in a specificenvironment.

slashn. thestandard character that is variously called ``solidus'' or ``slash'' (/). SeeFigure 2-5.

slotn. a component of anobject that can store avalue.

slot specifiern. a representation of aslot that includes thename of theslot and zero or moreslot options. Aslot option pertains only to a singleslot.

source coden.code representingobjects suitable forevaluation (e.g.,objects created byread, bymacro expansion, or bycompiler macro expansion).

source filen. afile which contains a textual representation ofsource code, that can be edited,loaded, orcompiled.

spacen. thestandard character <Space>, notated for theLisp reader as#\Space.

special formn. alist, other than amacro form, which is aform with special syntax or specialevaluation rules or both, possibly manipulating theevaluation environment or control flow or both. The first element of aspecial form is aspecial operator.

special operatorn. one of a fixed set ofsymbols, enumerated inFigure 3-2, that may appear in thecar of aform in order to identify theform as aspecial form.

special variablen.Trad. adynamic variable.

specializev.t. (ageneric function) to define amethod for thegeneric function, or in other words, to refine the behavior of thegeneric function by giving it a specific meaning for a particular set ofclasses orarguments.

specializedadj. 1. (of ageneric function) havingmethods whichspecialize thegeneric function. 2. (of anarray) having anactual array element type that is aproper subtype of thetype t; seeSection 15.1.1 (Array Elements). ``(make-array 5 :element-type 'bit) makes an array of length five that is specialized for bits.''

specialized lambda listn. anextended lambda list used informs thatestablish method definitions, such asdefmethod. SeeSection 3.4.3 (Specialized Lambda Lists).

spreadable argument list designatorn. adesignator for alist ofobjects; that is, anobject that denotes alist and that is anon-nulllist L1 of length n, whose last element is alist L2 of length m (denoting a list L3 of length m+n-1 whoseelements are L1i for i < n-1 followed by L2j for j < m). ``The list (1 2 (3 4 5)) is a spreadable argument list designator for the list (1 2 3 4 5).''

stack allocatev.t.Trad. to allocate in a non-permanent way, such as on a stack. Stack-allocation is an optimization technique used in someimplementations for allocating certain kinds ofobjects that havedynamic extent. Suchobjects are allocated on the stack rather than in the heap so that their storage can be freed as part of unwinding the stack rather than taking up space in the heap until the next garbage collection. Whattypes (if any) can havedynamic extent can vary fromimplementation toimplementation. Noimplementation is ever required to perform stack-allocation.

stack-allocatedadj.Trad. having beenstack allocated.

standard charactern. acharacter oftype standard-char, which is one of a fixed set of 96 suchcharacters required to be present in allconforming implementations. SeeSection 2.1.3 (Standard Characters).

standard classn. aclass that is ageneralized instance ofclass standard-class.

standard generic function afunction oftype standard-generic-function.

standard inputn. theinput stream which is thevalue of thedynamic variable *standard-input*.

standard method combinationn. themethod combination namedstandard.

standard objectn. anobject that is ageneralized instance ofclass standard-object.

standard outputn. theoutput stream which is thevalue of thedynamic variable *standard-output*.

standard pprint dispatch tablen. Apprint dispatch table that isdifferent from theinitial pprint dispatch table, that implementspretty printing as described in this specification, and that, unlike otherpprint dispatch tables, must never be modified by any program. (Although the definite reference ``thestandard pprint dispatch table'' is generally used within this document, it is actuallyimplementation-dependent whether a singleobject fills the role of thestandard pprint dispatch table, or whether there might be multiple such objects, any one of which could be used on any given occasion where ``thestandard pprint dispatch table'' is called for. As such, this phrase should be seen as an indefinite reference in all cases except for anaphoric references.)

standard readtablen. Areadtable that isdifferent from theinitial readtable, that implements theexpression syntax defined in this specification, and that, unlike otherreadtables, must never be modified by any program. (Although the definite reference ``thestandard readtable'' is generally used within this document, it is actuallyimplementation-dependent whether a singleobject fills the role of thestandard readtable, or whether there might be multiple such objects, any one of which could be used on any given occasion where ``thestandard readtable'' is called for. As such, this phrase should be seen as an indefinite reference in all cases except for anaphoric references.)

standard syntaxn. the syntax represented by thestandard readtable and used as a reference syntax throughout this document. SeeSection 2.1 (Character Syntax).

standardizedadj. (of aname,object, or definition) having been defined by Common Lisp. ``All standardized variables that are required to hold bidirectional streams have ``-io*'' in their name.''

startup environmentn. theglobal environment of the runningLisp image from which thecompiler was invoked.

stepv.t.,n. 1.v.t. (an iterationvariable) toassign thevariable a newvalue at the end of an iteration, in preparation for a new iteration. 2.n. thecode that identifies how the next value in an iteration is to be computed. 3.v.t. (code) to specially execute thecode, pausing at intervals to allow user confirmation or intervention, usually for debugging.

streamn. anobject that can be used with an input or output function to identify an appropriate source or sink ofcharacters orbytes for that operation.

stream associated with a filen. afile stream, or asynonym stream thetarget of which is astream associated with a file. Such astream cannot be created withmake-two-way-stream,make-echo-stream,make-broadcast-stream,make-concatenated-stream,make-string-input-stream, ormake-string-output-stream.

stream designatorn. adesignator for astream; that is, anobject that denotes astream and that is one of:t (denoting thevalue of*terminal-io*),nil (denoting thevalue of*standard-input* forinput stream designators or denoting thevalue of*standard-output* foroutput stream designators), or astream (denoting itself).

stream element typen. (of astream) thetype of data for which thestream is specialized.

stream variablen. avariable whosevalue must be astream.

stream variable designatorn. adesignator for astream variable; that is, asymbol that denotes astream variable and that is one of:t (denoting*terminal-io*),nil (denoting*standard-input* forinput stream variable designators or denoting*standard-output* foroutput stream variable designators), or some othersymbol (denoting itself).

stringn. a specializedvector that is oftype string, and whose elements are oftype character or asubtype oftype character.

string designatorn. adesignator for astring; that is, anobject that denotes astring and that is one of: acharacter (denoting asingleton string that has thecharacter as its onlyelement), asymbol (denoting thestring that is itsname), or astring (denoting itself). The intent is that this term be consistent with the behavior ofstring;implementations that extendstring must extend the meaning of this term in a compatible way.

string equaladj. thesame understring-equal.

string streamn. astream oftype string-stream.

structuren. anobject oftype structure-object.

structure classn. aclass that is ageneralized instance ofclass structure-class.

structure namen. aname defined withdefstruct. Usually, such atype is also astructure class, but there may beimplementation-dependent situations in which this is not so, if the:type option todefstruct is used.

style warningn. acondition oftype style-warning.

subclassn. aclass thatinherits from anotherclass, called asuperclass. (Noclass is asubclass of itself.)

subexpressionn. (of anexpression) anexpression that is contained within theexpression. (In fact, the state of being asubexpression is not an attribute of thesubexpression, but really an attribute of the containingexpression since thesame object can at once be asubexpression in one context, and not in another.)

subformn. (of aform) anexpression that is asubexpression of theform, and which by virtue of its position in thatform is also aform. ``(f x) andx, but notexit, are subforms of(return-from exit (f x)).''

subrepertoiren. a subset of arepertoire.

subtypen. atype whose membership is the same as or a proper subset of the membership of anothertype, called asupertype. (Everytype is asubtype of itself.)

superclassn. aclass from which anotherclass (called asubclass)inherits. (Noclass is asuperclass of itself.) Seesubclass.

supertypen. atype whose membership is the same as or a proper superset of the membership of anothertype, called asubtype. (Everytype is asupertype of itself.) Seesubtype.

supplied-p parametern. aparameter which recieves itsgeneralized boolean value implicitly due to the presence or absence of anargument corresponding to anotherparameter (such as anoptional parameter or arest parameter). SeeSection 3.4.1 (Ordinary Lambda Lists).

symboln. anobject oftype symbol.

symbol macron. asymbol that stands for anotherform. See themacro symbol-macrolet.

synonym streamn. 1. astream oftype synonym-stream, which is consequently astream that is an alias for anotherstream, which is thevalue of adynamic variable whosename is thesynonym stream symbol of thesynonym stream. See thefunction make-synonym-stream. 2. (to astream) asynonym stream which has thestream as thevalue of itssynonym stream symbol. 3. (to asymbol) asynonym stream which has thesymbol as itssynonym stream symbol.

synonym stream symboln. (of asynonym stream) thesymbol which names thedynamic variable which has as itsvalue anotherstream for which thesynonym stream is an alias.

syntax typen. (of acharacter) one of several classifications, enumerated inFigure 2-6, that are used for dispatch during parsing by theLisp reader. SeeSection 2.1.4 (Character Syntax Types).

system classn. aclass that may be oftype built-in-class in aconforming implementation and hence cannot be inherited byclasses defined byconforming programs.

system coden.code supplied by theimplementation to implement this specification (e.g., the definition ofmapcar) or generated automatically in support of this specification (e.g., during method combination); that is,code that is notprogrammer code.

The followingX3J13 cleanup issues,not part of the specification, apply to this section:

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