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About the Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)

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In 1981, representatives of several major dialects began to pool theirefforts to designCommon Lisp,an `industrial strength' dialect ofLisp that would provide stability for commercial applications.

The initial design of Common Lisp was well received, and in 1986X3J13was formed to transform this work into a formal standard.The resulting design,X3.226-1994,is a standard for Common Lisp--not for the entire Lisp family.

The Common Lisp standard improves on earlier Common Lispwork byplacing much greater emphasis on portability,clarifying many aspects of compilation semantics,and adding several major pieces ofnew functionality:an object-oriented programming system,a condition handling system,an improved iteration facility,andbetter support for large character sets.

As an official reference to the Common Lisp language,hardcopy documentation ofANSI Common Lisp,(American National Standard X3.226)fromANSIis always definitive.

The hypertext markup for this documentwas created byKent Pitman,with the aid of acustom program written in ANSI Common Lisp and created specifically for this task.Funding for the markup task was provided by andcopyright of the result is owned byLispWorks Ltd.

TheJava applet used in theSymbol Index (visible only in some browsers)was written by Evan Williams.Itscopyright is owned byLispWorks Ltd.

TheHTMLhypertext markup that implements the hypertext features of these World Wide Web pages of the Common Lisp specification, collectively theCommon Lisp HyperSpec,is the property ofLispWorks Ltd.

Distribution of theCommon Lisp HyperSpec as a hypertext document onthe Internet does not constitute consent to any use of the underlyinghypertext markup for redistribution of any kind, commercial orotherwise, either via the Internet or using some other form ofdistribution, in hypertext or otherwise.

Permission to copy, distribute, display, and transmit theCommon Lisp HyperSpecis granted provided that copies are not made or distributed or displayed or transmitted for directcommercial advantage, that notice isgiven that copying, distribution, display, and/or transmission is bypermission ofLispWorks Ltd.,and that any copy made is COMPLETE and UNMODIFIED. IN PARTICULAR,the material thatMUST appear in the copy includes:

1. this copyright notice and its date;
2. the main index page,../Front/index.htm;
3. all HTML pages to which the main index page links using relative links;
4. all graphical (GIF) images to which it links using relative links, such as the LispWorks logo that appears on each page; and
5. all hypertext links, relative or absolute, such as the linktohttp://www.lispworks.com/that appears on each page.

Permission to make partial copies is expressly NOT granted, EXCEPT that limited permission is grantedto transmit anddisplay a partial copy theCommon Lisp HyperSpecfor the ordinary purposeof direct viewing by a humanbeing in the usual manner that hypertext browsers permit the viewing ofsuch a complete document, providedthat no recopying, redistribution, redisplay, or retransmission is made ofany such partial copy.

Permission to make modified copies is expressly NOT granted.

Permission to add or replace any links or any graphical images to any ofthese pages is expressly NOTgranted.

Permission to use any of the included graphical (GIF) images in anydocument other than theCommon Lisp HyperSpecis expressly NOT granted.

Acknowledgments

Copies of the ANSI/X3.226 standardmay be purchased from theAmerican National Standards Institute,11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

Restricted Rights Legend

``Use, duplication, or disclosure by theUnited States Governmentis subject to the restrictions set forth in (i)FAR 52.227-14 Alt III,(ii)FAR 52.227-19,(iii)DFARS 252.7013(c)(1)(ii), or(iv) the accompanying license Agreement, as applicable.For purposes of the FAR, the Software shall be deemed to be ``unpublished''and licensed with disclosure prohibitions, rights reserved under the copyrightlaws of the United States.  LispWorks Ltd.,St John's Innovation Centre, Cowley Road,Cambridge,CB4 0WS,England.''

Additional Disclaimers

TheX3J13 issue documentsarenot part of the standard and are provided purely for historicalperspective. It is possible that some of the documents, as included, are not the final form that X3J13 voted,or that some which were voted were omitted,or that references from these documents into the source text are not complete,or that some edits prescribed by these documents were incorrectly implemented,or that other discrepancies exist between these documents and the specification.These documents haveno formal weight,and in all cases, thehardcopy specificationis definitive.

Trademarks

The LispWorks logo and Common Lisp HyperSpec are trademarks ofLispWorks Ltd.

All other brand and product names mentioned herein are trademarks orregistered trademarks of their respective owners.

Reports of bugs in the specification itself should be addressed tosubcommittee X3J13.