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--(50000) Quaoar and Weywot --discovery and notes:

Primary discovered2002 Jun 04from Palomar Observatory, California, USAby C. A. Trujillo and M. E. Brown.Alternate designation(s):2002 LM60.Linked to prediscovery observations from 1954 May 25.Permanent number assigned 2002 Nov 20.

Named 2002 Nov 20 for the Tongva mythological god [MPC047170].

Second component discovered2006 Feb 14 by M. E. Brown and T.-A. SuerusingHubble Space Telescope observations from Hubble Space Telescope.Announced2007 Feb 22 [B07d].Permanent designation I Weywot, assigned 2009 Nov 11; named for the mythological Tongva god of the sky [G09b].

Third component discovered2025 Jun 25 by R. Nolthenius, K. Bender, D. V. Cotton, B. C. N. Proudfoot, and J. Irwinusingstellar occultation observations from Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy Oliver Observing Station, California, USA.Announced2025 Aug [N25e].

--Links, more technical:

• IAUC 8812.
• IAUC 9094.

--Links, less technical:

--Links to ADS abstracts:

• Davis, Allen B., Pasachoff, J. M., Babcock, B. A., Person, M. J., Zuluaga, C. A., Bosh, A. S., Levine, S., Naranjo, O. A., Navas, G. R., Gulbis, A., Winters, J. G., & Bianco, F. 2014, American Astronomical Society Meeting AbstractsObservation and Analysis of a Single-Chord Stellar Occultation by Kuiper Belt Object (50000) Quaoar
• Fraser, Wesley, Gwyn, S., Trujillo, C., Brown, M. E., Kavelaars, J., Stephens, A., & Gimeno, G. 2013, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsPredicting Occultations by Kuiper Belt Objects
• Young, Leslie & McKinnon, W. B. 2013, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsAtmospheres on Volatile-Bearing Kuiper Belt Objects
• Pasachoff, Jay M., Babcock, B. A., Davis, A. B., Pandey, S., Lu, M., Rogosinski, Z., Person, M. J., Bosh, A. S., Zangari, A. M., Zuluaga, C. A., Gulbis, A. S., Naranjo, O., Navas, G., Zerpa, L., Villarreal, J., Rojo, P., Förster, F., & Servajean, E. 2013, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsRecent KBO (Pluto/Charon and beyond, including Quaoar) Occultation Observations by the Williams College Team as part of the Williams-MIT Collaboration
• Fraser, Wesley C., Trujillo, Chad, Stephens, Andrew W., Gimeno, German, Brown, Michael E., Gwyn, Stephen, & Kavelaars, J. J. 2013, The Astrophysical JournalLimits on Quaoar's Atmosphere
• Fraser, Wesley C., Gwyn, Stephen, Trujillo, Chad, Stephens, Andrew W., Kavelaars, J. J., Brown, Michael E., Bianco, Federica B., Boyle, Richard P., Brucker, Melissa J., Hetherington, Nathan, Joner, Michael, Keel, William C., Langill, Phil P., Lister, Tim, McMillan, Russet J., & Young, Leslie 2013, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the PacificKuiper Belt Occultation Predictions
• Braga-Ribas, F., Sicardy, B., Ortiz, J. L., Lellouch, E., Tancredi, G., Lecacheux, J., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Assafin, M., Behrend, R., Vachier, F., Colas, F., Morales, N., Maury, A., Emilio, M., Amorim, A., Unda-Sanzana, E., Roland, S., Bruzzone, S., Almeida, L. A., Rodrigues, C. V., Jacques, C., Gil-Hutton, R., Vanzi, L., Milone, A. C., Schoenell, W., Salvo, R., Almenares, L., Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Sposetti, S., Tanga, P., Klotz, A., Frappa, E., Cacella, P., Colque, J. P., Neves, C., Alvarez, E. M., Gillon, M., Pimentel, E., Giacchini, B., Roques, F., Widemann, T., Magalhães, V. S., Thirouin, A., Duffard, R., Leiva, R., Toledo, I., Capeche, J., Beisker, W., Pollock, J., Cedeño Montaña, C. E., Ivarsen, K., Reichart, D., Haislip, J., & Lacluyze, A. 2013, The Astrophysical JournalThe Size, Shape, Albedo, Density, and Atmospheric Limit of Transneptunian Object (50000) Quaoar from Multi-chord Stellar Occultations
• Fornasier, S., Lellouch, E., Müller, T., Santos-Sanz, P., Panuzzo, P., Kiss, C., Lim, T., Mommert, M., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Vilenius, E., Stansberry, J., Tozzi, G. P., Mottola, S., Delsanti, A., Crovisier, J., Duffard, R., Henry, F., Lacerda, P., Barucci, A., & Gicquel, A. 2013, Astronomy and AstrophysicsTNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. VIII. Combined Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations of nine bright targets at 70-500 μm
• Fraser, Wesley C., Batygin, Konstantin, Brown, Michael E., & Bouchez, Antonin 2013, IcarusThe mass, orbit, and tidal evolution of the Quaoar-Weywot system
• Jones, B. M., Bennett, C., Gu, X., & Kaiser, R. I. 2012, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsFormation of High Mass Hydrocarbons on Kuiper Belt Objects
• Jones, Brant M., Bennett, C., Gu, X., & Kaiser, R. 2012, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsFormation of High Mass Hydrocarbons on Kuiper Belt Objects
• Braga Ribas, Felipe, Sicardy, B., Ortiz, J. L., Duffard, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Lecacheux, J., Colas, F., Vachier, F., Tanga, P., Sposetti, S., Brosch, N., Kaspi, S., Manulis, I., Baug, T., Chandrasekhar, T., Ganesh, S., Jain, J., Mohan, V., Sharma, A., Garcia-Lozano, R., Klotz, A., Frappa, E., Jehin, E., Assafin, M., Vieira Martins, R., Behrend, R., Roques, F., Widemann, T., Morales, N., Thirouin, A., Mahasena, P., Benkhaldoun, Z., Daassou, A., Rinner, C., & Ofek, E. O. 2012, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsStellar Occultations by Large TNOs on 2012: The February 3rd by (208996) 2003 AZ84, and the February 17th by (50000) Quaoar
• Vachier, Frederic, Berthier, J., & Marchis, F. 2012, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting AbstractsDetermination of Multiple Asteroid Orbits With a Genetic-Based Algorithm
• Vachier, F., Berthier, J., & Marchis, F. 2012, Astronomy and AstrophysicsDetermination of binary asteroid orbits with a genetic-based algorithm
• Fraser, Wesley, Brown, M. E., Batygin, K., & Bouchez, A. 2012, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #220Tidal Evolution of the Quaoar-Weywot System
• Assafin, M., Camargo, J. I. B., Vieira Martins, R., Braga-Ribas, F., Sicardy, B., Andrei, A. H., & da Silva Neto, D. N. 2012, Astronomy and AstrophysicsCandidate stellar occultations by large trans-Neptunian objects up to 2015
• Fornasier, S., Lellouch, E., Mueller, T., Panuzzo, P., Santos-Sanz, P., Lim, T., Kiss, C., Vilenius, E., Stansberry, J., Delsanti, A., Henry, F., Boehnhardt, H., Pal, A., Duffard, R., & Barucci, A. 2012, EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts'TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region'. Results from the PACS and SPIRE observations with the Herschel Space Observatory
• Butler, B. J., Gurwell, M. A., & Moullet, A. 2011, EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011EVLA Observations of Pluto, Charon, Makemake, Quaoar, and 2002 TC302 at 0.9 cm Wavelength
• Beisker, W., Assafin, M., Braga-Ribas, F., Widemann, T., Sicardy, B., Bath, K.-L., Bode, H.-J., Tegtmeyer, A., Schnabel, C., Casas, R., Lecacheux, J., Colas, F., Kowollik, S., Bredner, E., Heidmann, C. P., Gaehrken, B., Dähne, M., Denzau, H., Mommert, M., Guenther, E., Stecklum, B., Rengel, M., Mugrauer, M., Vilenius, E., Herald, D., Farago, O., Eberle, A., Rutten, H., Behrend, R., & Mottola, S. 2011, EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011Observations of Stellar Occultations by Dwarf Planets and TNOs - International Campaigns
• Kiss, C., Pál, A., Müller, T., Santos-Sanz, P., Vilenius, E., Szalai, N., Lellouch, E., & Bönhardt, H. 2011, EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011Sedna, Eris and Quaoar: physical properties of prominent trans-Neptunian objects, based on Herschel observations
• Braga-Ribas, F., Sicardy, B., Ortiz, J. L., Jehin, E., Camargo, J. I. B., Assafin, M., Behrend, R., Unda-Sanzana, E., Colque, J. P., Morales, N., Tancredi, G., Roland, S., Bruzzone, S., Salvo, R., Almenares, L., Emilio, M., Schoenell, W., Gil-Hutton, R., Milone, A., Jacques, C., Vanzi, L., Kavelaars, J. J., Cacella, P., Maury, A., Alvarez, E., van der Bliek, N. S., Vieira-Martins, R., Colas, F., Lecacheux, J., Vachier, F., Roques, F., Widemann, T., Thirouin, A., Gillon, M., Manfroid, J., Bergengruen, A., Martinez, M., Capeche, J., Amorim, A., Pimentel, E., Leiva, R., Toledo, I., Almeida, L. A., Magalhães, V. S., Montaña, C. E., & Rodrigues, C. V. 2011, EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011Stellar Occultations by TNOs: the January 08, 2011 by (208996) 2003 AZ84 and the May 04, 2011 by (50000) Quaoar
• Brown, M. E., Burgasser, A. J., & Fraser, W. C. 2011, The Astrophysical JournalThe Surface Composition of Large Kuiper Belt Object 2007 OR10
• Levi, Amit & Podolak, Morris 2011, IcarusEstimating the density of intermediate size KBOs from considerations of volatile retention
• Sallum, Stephanie, Brothers, T., Elliot, J. L., Person, M. J., Bosh, A. S., Zangari, A., Zuluaga, C., Levine, S., Bright, L., Sheppard, S., & Tilleman, T. 2011, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyFirst Observations of a Stellar Occultation by KBO (50000) Quaoar from MIT's George R. Wallace, Jr., Astrophysical Observatory
• Person, Michael J., Elliot, J. L., Bosh, A. S., Zangari, A., Zuluaga, C., Brothers, T., Sallum, S., Levine, S., Bright, L., Sheppard, S., & Tilleman, T. 2011, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyConstraints On The Size Of KBO (50000) Quaoar From A Single-chord Stellar Occultation
• Butler, Bryan J., Gurwell, M. A., & Moullet, A. 2011, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyEVLA Observations of the Largest TNOs
• McGranaghan, R., Sagan, B., Dove, G., Tullos, A., Lyne, J. E., & Emery, J. P. 2011, Journal of the British Interplanetary SocietyA Survey of Mission Opportunities to Trans-Neptunian Objects
• Zangari, Amanda, Zuluaga, C. A., Gulbis, A. A. S., Elliot, J. L., Person, M. J., & Bosh, A. S. 2010, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #42Potential KBO Stellar Occultations: 2011-2015
• Butler, Bryan J., Gurwell, M. A., & Moullet, A. 2010, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyEVLA Observations of the Largest TNOs
• Fraser, Wesley C. & Brown, Michael E. 2010, The Astrophysical JournalQuaoar: A Rock in the Kuiper Belt
• Pilling, Sergio, Seperuelo Duarte, Eduardo, da Silveira, Enio F., Domaracka, Alicja, Balanzat, Emmanuel, Rothard, Hermann, & Boduch, Philippe 2010, 38th COSPAR Scientific AssemblyProcessing of ammonia-containing ices by heavy ions and its relevance to outer Solar System surfaces
• Green, D. W. E. 2009, International Astronomical Union Circular(50000) Quaoar I
• Moore, Marla H., Hudson, R. L., & Raines, L. 2009, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #41Laboratory Studies of Ethane Ice Relevant to Outer Solar System Surfaces
• Fraser, Wesley & Brown, M. E. 2009, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #41Quaoar: A Rock in the Kuiper Belt
• Moullet, Arielle, Lellouch, E., Moreno, R., & Gurwell, M. 2009, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #41Observing Kuiper Belt Objects With Alma: Detection And Imaging Simulations
• Dalle Ore, C. Morea, Barucci, M. A., Emery, J. P., Cruikshank, D. P., Dalle Ore, L. V., Merlin, F., Alvarez-Candal, A., de Bergh, C., Trilling, D. E., Perna, D., Fornasier, S., Mastrapa, R. M. E., & Dotto, E. 2009, Astronomy and AstrophysicsComposition of KBO (50000) Quaoar
• Guilbert, Aurélie, Alvarez-Candal, Alvaro, Merlin, Frédéric, Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Dumas, Christophe, de Bergh, Catherine, & Delsanti, Audrey 2009, IcarusESO-Large Program on TNOs: Near-infrared spectroscopy with SINFONI
• Dalle Ore, Cristina M., Barucci, M. A., Emery, J. P., Cruikshank, D. P., Dalle Ore, L. V., Merlin, F., Alvarez-Candal, A., de Bergh, C., Perna, D., Fornasier, S., Mastrapa, R. M. E., & Dotto, E. 2009, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #214Composition of KBO (50000) Quaoar
• Assafin, M., Vieira Martins, R., Ribas, F. B., Camargo, J. I., da Silva Neto, D. N., & Andrei, A. H. 2008, European Planetary Science Congress 2008Astrometric predictions of stellar occultations by Pluto, Charon, Triton and TNOs
• Fama, Marcelo A., Loeffler, M. J., Raut, U., & Baragiola, R. A. 2008, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyRadiation-Induced Amorphization of Crystalline Ice
• Schaefer, Bradley E., Rabinowitz, D. L., & Tourtellottte, S. W. 2008, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyDivision of Icy Bodies into Groups Based on Surface Properties
• Widemann, Thomas, Sicardy, B., & Lellouch, E. 2008, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyUpper Limits for a Titania's Atmosphere and for a Large KBO's Atmosphere From Stellar Occultations
• Freeman, J., Stegman, D., & May, D. 2007, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsThe Role of Ammonia in the Evolution of Enceladus
• Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., & Hudson, R. L. 2007, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsLaboratory Studies of Ammonia-Water Ice--Relevance to Outer Solar system Surfaces
• Schaller, E. L. & Brown, M. E. 2007, The Astrophysical JournalDetection of Methane on Kuiper Belt Object (50000) Quaoar
• Schaller, Emily L. & Brown, M. E. 2007, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyVolatile Loss and Retention on Kuiper Belt Objects
• Cook, Jason C., Desch, S. J., & Roush, T. L. 2007, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyNear Infreared Spectroscopy of Kuiper Belt Objects: More than Just Water Ice
• Schaller, E. L. & Brown, M. E. 2007, European Planetary Science Congress 2007Volatile Loss and Retention on Kuiper Belt Objects
• Desch, S. J., Cook, J. C., Hawley, W., & Doggett, T. C. 2007, Lunar and Planetary Science ConferenceCryovolcanism on Charon and Other Kuiper Belt Objects
• Brown, M. E. & Suer, T.-A. 2007, International Astronomical Union CircularSatellites of 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637), and (90482)
• Rabinowitz, David L., Schaefer, Bradley E., & Tourtellotte, Suzanne W. 2007, The Astronomical JournalThe Diverse Solar Phase Curves of Distant Icy Bodies. I. Photometric Observations of 18 Trans-Neptunian Objects, 7 Centaurs, and Nereid
• Moore, M. H., Ferrante, R. F., & Hudson, R. L. 2007, Planetary AtmospheresLaboratory Studies of Ammonia-Water Ice - Relevance to Outer Solar System Surfaces
• Cook, Jason Campbell 2007, Ph.D. ThesisDissecting intermediate-sized Kuiper belt objects
• Lin, H.-W., Wu, Y.-L., & Ip, W.-H. 2007, Advances in Space ResearchObservations of dwarf planet (136199) Eris and other large TNOs on Lulin Observatory
• Delsanti, Audrey, Bauer, J., Yang, B., & Meech, K. J. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietySearch for Crystalline Water Ice on Kuiper Belt Object Orcus
• Bernstein, M. P., Mastrapa, R., & Sandford, S. 2006, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsNear IR spectra and real and imaginary indicies of refraction of ices of relevance to KBOs
• Emery, J. P., Dalle Ore, C., Cruikshank, D. P., Fernandez, Y. R., Trilling, D. E., & Stansberry, J. A. 2006, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsReflectances of Kuiper Belt Objects at lambda > 2.5 microns
• Moore, Marla H., Hudson, R. L., & Ferrante, R. F. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyIR Studies of Ammonia Hydrates: Effects of Thermal and Radiation Processing
• Bernstein, Max, Sandford, S., & Cruikshank, D. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyNear IR Spectra of H2O/CH4 And H2O/CO2 Ice Mixtures of Relevance to the Outer Solar System
• Cook, Jason C., Desch, S. J., Roush, T. L., Geballe, T. R., & Trujullo, C. A. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyNear-Infrared Spectroscopy of Charon: Possible Evidence for Cryovolcanism on Kuiper Belt Objects
• Bagnulo, S., Boehnhardt, H., Muinonen, K., Kolokolova, L., Belskaya, I., & Barucci, M. A. 2006, Astronomy and AstrophysicsExploring the surface properties of transneptunian objects and Centaurs with polarimetric FORS1/VLT observations
• Hussmann, H., Sohl, F., & Spohn, T. 2005, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsSub-Surface Oceans on Mid-Sized Icy Satellites and Large TNO's
• Durand-Manterola, H. J. 2005, AGU Fall Meeting AbstractsA Definition of Planet
• Rhoads, Edward 2005, Ph.D. ThesisA survey for TNOs using the APS POSS I database
• Schaefer, B. E., Rabinowitz, D., & Tourtellotte, S. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyNightly Observations in BVI of 25 KBOs and Centaurs Over a Whole Observing Season
• Mastrapa, R. M. E., Moore, M. H., Hudson, R. L., Ferrante, R. L., & Brown, R. H. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyProton Irradiation of Crystalline Water Ice: Timescales for Amorphization in the Kuiper Belt
• Trujillo, C. A., Barkume, K. M., Brown, M., Schaller, E. L., & Rabinowitz, D. L. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyNear Infrared Spectra from Mauna Kea of the New Brightest Kuiper Belt Object
• Brown, Michael 2005, HST ProposalDirect measurement of the size of 2003 UB313
• Rhoads, E. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyA Survey For TNOs Using the APS POSS I Database
• Jewitt, David C. & Luu, Jane 2004, NatureCrystalline water ice on the Kuiper belt object (50000) Quaoar
• Stevenson, David J. 2004, NaturePlanetary science: Volcanoes on Quaoar?
• Rhoads, E., Humphries, R., Woodward, C., & Larsen, J. 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyA survey for TNOs using the APS POSS I database
• Pinilla-Alonso, N., Licandro, J., & Campins, H. 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyMineralogical analysis of two different kind of icy surfaces in the trans-neptunian belt, TNOs (50000) Quaoar and 2002 TX<SUB>300</SUB>
• Rabinowitz, D., Tourtellotte, S., & Schaefer, B. 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyThe Wavelength Dependence of TNO and Centaur Phase Curves
• Barentine, J. C., Esquerdo, G. A., & Neese, C. L. 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyThe APO-PSI TNO Survey
• Brown, Michael E. & Trujillo, Chadwick A. 2004, The Astronomical JournalDirect Measurement of the Size of the Large Kuiper Belt Object (50000) Quaoar
• Pinilla, N. & Licandro, J. 2004, 35th COSPAR Scientific AssemblyMineralogycal analysis of the icy surface of TNOs (50000) Quaoar and 2002 TX<SUB>300</SUB>
• de Bergh, C., Barucci, A., Doressoundiram, A., & Dotto, E. 2004, 35th COSPAR Scientific AssemblySpectroscopy of Kuiper Belt Objects and Centaurs
• Ortiz, J. L., Gutiérrez, P. J., Sota, A., Casanova, V., & Teixeira, V. R. 2003, Astronomy and AstrophysicsRotational brightness variations in Trans-Neptunian Object 50000 Quaoar
• Marchi, S., Lazzarin, M., Magrin, S., & Barbieri, C. 2003, Astronomy and AstrophysicsVisible spectroscopy of the two largest known trans-Neptunian objects: Ixion and Quaoar
• Trujillo, C. A. & Brown, M. E. 2003, Earth Moon and PlanetsThe Caltech Wide Area Sky Survey
• Hughes, David W. 2003, Astronomy and GeophysicsPlanets: Quaoar and the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt
• Trujillo, C. A. & Brown, M. E. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyThe Caltech survey for the brightest Kuiper belt objects
• Rabinowitz, D., Schaefer, B., & Tourtellotte, S. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietySolar Phase Curves for Kuiper-Belt Objects
• Licandro, J., Campins, H., de Leon Cruz, J., Gil-Hutton, R., & Lara-Lopez, L. M. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical SocietyNear infrared spectroscopy of TNOs, Centaurs and comet nuclei.

©2007-2014, 2025by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified16 November 2025
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